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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE 


UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


VOLUME 40 


WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1911 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


The scientific publications of the National Museum consist of ae 
series—Proceedings and Bulletins. 

The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are 
intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers 
based on the collections of the National Museum, setting forth newly 
acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology derived there- 
from, or containing descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited 
groups. A volume is issued annually or oftener for distribution to 
libraries and scientific establishments, and, in view of the importance 
of the more prompt dissemination of new facts, a limited edition of 
each paper is printed in pamphlet form in advance. The dates at 
which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table 
of contents of the volume. 

The present volume is the fortieth of this series. 

The Bulletin, publication of which was begun in 1875, is a series of 
more elaborate papers, issued separately, and, like the Proceedings 
based chiefly on the collections of the National Museum. 

A quarto form of the Bulletin, known as the ‘‘Special Bulletin,” 
has been adopted in a few instances in which a larger page was 
deemed indispensable. 

Since 1902 the volumes of the series known as ‘‘Contributions from 
the National Herbarium,” and containing papers relating to the botan- 
ical collections of the Museum, have been published as Bulletins. 

RicHArD RATHBUN, 
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, 
In charge of the United States National Museum. 

AveusT 8, 1911. 


It 


LA BEw, OFSCONTEIN TS, 


ANNANDALE, NELson. Fresh-water Sponges in the collec- 
tion of the United States National Museum—Part V. A 
new genus proposed, with Heteromeyenia radiospiculata 
Mills as type-—No. 1839. May 26, 191%" _____-__--.2 


New genus: Asteromeyenia. 


Bartscu, Paut. New Mollusks of the genus Aclis from the 
North Atlantic —No. 1829: .May 18, 19111__._.---._- 
New species: Aclis dalli, A. cubana, A. rush, A. fioridana, A. ver- 

rll, A. carolinensis. . 
The recent and fossil Mollusks of the genus Bit- 
tium from the west coast of America.—No. 1826. May 
2 LO the Soya pe OS ge ee eR 


‘New species: Bittiuum (Bittium) panamense, B. (B.) johnstonx, B. 
(Semibiitium) subplanatum, B. (S.) nicholsn, * (Lirobittium) orna- 
tissimum, B. (L.) cerralvoense, B. (Semibittium) larum, Bittium 
oldroydx, B. fetellum, B. giganteum, B. casmaliense, B. arnoldi, 
B. mexicanum. 

New subspecies: Bittiwm (Semibittium) attenuatum boreale, B. (S.) 
attenuatum latifilosum, B. (Lirobittiwm) catalinense inornatum, B. 
(L.) munitum munitoide, B. (L.) asperum lomaense. 


The recent and fossil Mollusks of the genus Cerith- 
iopsis from the west coast of America.—No. 1823. May 
Sy LOU a ae ne bie CPG hs wey epepeea aero. 


New species: Cerithiopsis (Corithiopsis) \jatua, Cs (Cironys: °C. (GS) 
carpenteri, C. (C.) abreojosensis, C. (C.) berryi, C. (C.) galapagensis, 
C. (C.) cesta, C. (C.) halia, C. (C.) aurea, C. (Cerithiopsina) necro- 
politana, C. (C.) adamsi, C. (Cerithiopsida) diegensis, C. (C.) row- 
elli, C. (Cerithiopsidella) antefilosa, C. (C.) alcima, C. curtata, C. 
fossilis, C. gloriosa, C. paramoea, C. bicolor, C. arnoldi, C. magel- 
lanica, C. antemunda, C. diomedex, C. montereyensis. 

New subspecies: Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) stejnegeri dina. 


See under Dati, Witt1aAmM HmaLey-_--__-_-__-_-:- 


Bran, Barton A., and Atrrep C. Weep. An electric Ray 
and its young from the west coast of Florida.—-No. 1816. 
Joos S:, TOI POW RRS se ene 


——. Notes on the genus Lepomis.—No. 1824. May 6, 
ene ah enn OMEE en ene e ee eta cy cl te as Lalit 


Page, 


593-594 


435-438 


383-414 


327-367 


277-288 


231-232 


369-376 


1 Date of publication. 


Ill 


ea TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Berry, Epwarp W. A revision of several genera of gym- 
nospermous Plants from the Potomac group in Maryland 
and Virginia.—No. 1821, -May 8,911 22 ee oe 


New combination: Abietites longifolius. 


Berry, 8S. Srirtman. Preliminary notices of some new 
Pacific Cephalopods.—No. 1838. May 31, 19111_____-_- 


New species: Cirroteuthis macrope, Eledonella heathi, Polypus cali- 
fornicus, P. leioderma, Rossia pacifica, Loligo opalescens, Galiteuthis 
phyllura. 


Buscx, Aueusr. Descriptions of tineoid Moths (Micro- 
lepidoptera) from South America.—No. 1815. April 13, 
Mb She ah i Nh eae a Oe Ir bt IN RUN Screg a 


New genera: Filinota, Hasta, Gonada, Ordupia, Plumana. 

New species: Pleurota literatella, Psoricoplera apicepuncta, Filinota 
hermosella, F. peruviella, Peleopoda maroniella, P. notandella, P. 
irenella, Hasta argentidorsella, Gonada falculinella, Cryptolechia 
roseomarginella, Stenoma major, S. io, S. acronitis, S. mendoron, 
S. nestes, S. trastices, S. apicalis, S. lactis, S. fasciatum, S. venatum, 
S. gunni, S.comma, S. speratum, 8. salome, S. inscitum, S. thoristes, 
S. maroni, S. vanis, S.,addon, S. phebe, S. similis, S. demas, S. 
hamon, Gonioterma rosa, G. anna, G. stella, G. inga, G. emma, G. 
vita, Olethreutes gerda, Tortrix auriferana, T. parana, Ordupia 
friserella, Tinea boliviana, Plumana piperatella. 


Criarxk, Austin Hopart. The recent Crinoids of the coasts of 
Africa===No: 1808: “March 15, ehGilet: Samer wee 
New species: Necomatella, Commissia ignota, Amphimetra africana, 
Craspedometra ater, C. madagascarensis, Heterometra joubini, H. 
gravieri, Colobometra chadwicki, Decametra mébiusi, D. modica, D. 
alaudx, Tropiometra encrinus, Cosmiometra gardineri, Iridometra 
mauritiana, I. egyptica, Perometra afra. 
New variety: Oligometra serripinna, var. occidentalis. 


The systematic position of the Crinoid genus 
Marsupites.—No. 1845. June 24, 1911*__._...-._..--- 


CockERELL, T. D. A. Bees in the collection of the United 
States National Museum. 2.—No. 1818. April 11, 
MOV ee 2 See ae Ee | 

New species: Halictus nikkoensis, Andrena precociformis, A. rup- 
shuensis, Coelioxys siamensis, Stelis lowise, Proanthidium kash- 
garense, Megachile pamirensis, M. ladacensis, M. rupshuensis, 
Dasypoda japonica, Teiralonia mitsukurii, Anthophora eversa, A. 
hilgendorfi, A. venerabilis, A. robbi, A. retusiformis, A. melan- 
ognatha. 

New subgenus: Coelioxys (Liothyrpis) apicata. 

New subspecies: Megachile sayi paludicola, Anthophora zonata 
buruensis. 

New variety: Anthidium philorum, var. abbotti. 


1 Date of publication. 


Page. 


289-318 


589-592 


205-230 


1-51 


649-654 


241-264 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Coox, O. F. New tropical Millipeds of the order Merocheta, 
with an example of kinetic evolution.—No. 1831. May 
SLL, TGS Ae ie Ul AS ct at Fake hg a 


New genera: Jomus, Chatelainea, Apomus. 

New species: Jomus incisus, I. platanus, I. obliquus, Chatelainea 
pterodesmoides, Peridontodesmus purulicus. 

New family: Chatelaineide. 


Notes on the distribution of Millipeds in southern: 
Texas, with descriptions of new genera and species from 
Texas, Arizona, Mexico, and Costa Rica.—No. 1810. 
Je Oia TUG) 5) Sl SS Wie tf a a oN 


New genera: Hurelus, Centrelus, Anelus, Glosselus. 
New species: Eurelus soleatus, Centrelus falcatus, Onychelus hospes, 
O. dentatus, O. suturatus, Anelus reduncus, Glosselus musarum. 


The hothouse Milliped as a new genus.—No. 1842. 
meC ION te a = le 


New genus: Oxidus. 
New species: Orthomorpha pococki. 


CrawrorpD, J.C. Descriptions of new Hymenoptera. 2.— 
INC STICR UD. VAN Teen Ue ee 


New species: Telenomus benefactor, T. kingi, T. gowdeyi, Torymus 
montserrati, Tanaostigmodes slossonex, T. tetartus, Habrocytus 
piercet, Zatropis deuterus, Pleurotropis telenomi, Horismenus 
ballowi, H. apantelivorus, H. cockerelli, Tetrastichus antiquensis, 
T. ovivorus, Sympiesis felti. 


Dati, WitiiAM HEALEY, and Paut Barrscu. New species 
of Shells from Bermuda.—No. 1820. May 8, 19113____. 


New species: Mitra haycocki, Columbella somersiana, Aclis bermu- 
densis, Turbonilla (Careliopsis) bermudensis, T. (Strioturbonilla) 
peilei, T. (S.) haycocki, Cerithiopsis movilla, C. ara, C. pesa, 
C. vicola, C. io, Fissuridea bermudensis, Odostomia (Chrysallida) 
nioba, Ischnochiton (Stenoplax) bermudensis. 


FisHer, Watter K. New genera of Starfishes from the 
Philippine Islands.—No. 1827. May 17, 19111________- 


New genera: Benthogenia, Anthosticte, Pontioceramus, Lithosoma, 
Atelorias, Hymenasterides. 

New species: Benthogenia cribellosa, Anthosticte aulophora, Pontio- 
ceramus grandis, Lithosoma actinometra, Atelorias anacanthus, 
Hymenasterides zenognathus. 


GOLDBERGER, JOSEPH. A new Trematode (Styphlodora bas- 
caniensis) with a blind Laurer’s canal.—No.1817. April 
(ALS TIT a he ee ea ee et a 


Page. 


451-473 


147-167 


625-631 


439-449 


277-288 


415-427 


233-239 


1 Date of publication. 


VI TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Ho.uister, N. Remarks on the long-tailed Shrews of the 
eastern United States, with description of a new species.— 
INGEAUIS25=. “April 7, VO ld aoe ae 


New species: Sorex fontinalis. 


Hoven, Watrer. The Hoffman Philip Abyssinian ethno- 
logical collection.—No. 1819. May 18, 19111______ 


Kenpati, W. C. Notes upon two rare Flatfishes (Gymna- 
chirus fasciatus Giinther and G. nudus Kaup).—No. 1814. 
72%) 0) ig BE raat 59) ie Sl Va a Nag Soe gee caect lh al SNL 


Laney, Francis Baker. The relation of Bornite and Chal- 
cocite in the copper ores of the Virgilina district of North 
Carolina and Virginia.—No. 1835. May 31, 1911 1_____- 


Lyon, Marcus Warp, Jr. Mammals collected by Dr. W. L. 
Abbott on Borneo and some of the small adjacent islands.— 
No; 1800.5 “Ajoril 25 noite: so ae a 


New species: Tragulus sebucus, Muntiacus rubidus, Iomys lepidus, 
Sciurus armalis, S. pelapius, S. lamucotanus, S. datus, 8. siriensis, 
S. arendsis, S. poliopus, S. marinsularis, Ratufa cothurnata, R. 
griseicollis, R. vittata, R. vittatula, Epimys sebucus, E. crassus, E. 
nasutus, E. perflavus, E. saturatus, E. ubecus, E. spatulatus, Gale- 
opterus borneanus, G. lautensis, G. abbotti, Hipposideros insolens, 
Emballonura pusilla, Kerivoula bombifrons. 

New subspecies: E’pimys neglectus ducis, E. n. lamucotanus, Pyga- 
thrix rubicunda rubida, Hylobates miilleri albibarbis. 


MERRILL, GEorGE P. On the supposed origin of the-Molda- 
vites and like sporadic glasses from various sources.—No. 
1833:. May Sie sO Uo. sad: oe ieee ts he ae 


Moopig, Roy L. Two Amphibians, one of them new, from 
the Carboniferous of Illinois—No. 1828. May 8, 1911 1- 


New species: Amphibamus thoracatus. 


OBERHOLSER, Harry C. A revision of the forms of the 
hairy Woodpecker (Dryobates villosus [Linnzus]).—No. 
1840); Jumeid4 POUT oe ee 


New subspecies: Dryobates villosus leucothorectis, D. v. orius, D. v. 
icastus, D. v. enissomenus, D. v. hylobatus, D. v. fumeus. 


Pierce, W. Dwicutr. Notes on Insects of the order Strep- 
siptera, with descriptions of new species.—No. 1834. May 
17, LOVWH Le LL a Ve. ied) ct a aed 


New genera: Belonogastechthrus Tachytixenos, Pentozoe. 

New species: Triozocera texana, Stylops andrenoides, S. asteridis, 8. 
mandibularis, S. nude, S. pilipedis, Halictoxenos nympheari, H.viri- 
dulx, Crawfordia labrosi, C. rudbeckix, Xenos aurifert, Belonogas- 
techthrus zavattarii, Pseudoxenos arvensidis, P. erynnidis, P. forami- 
nati, P. fundati, P. histrionis, P. pedestridis, P. robertsoni, P. 
tigridis, Tachytixenos indicus, Ewpathocera luctuosae, E. pictipenni- 
dis, EL. vulgaridis, Ophthalmochlus auripedis, Pentozoe peradeniya. 

New name: Diozoceride. 


Page. 


377-381 


265-276 


201-208 


513-524 


53-146 


481-486 


429-433 


595-621 


487-511 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. VII 


Page. 

RavcuirFe, Lewis. See under Smiru, HueH M-_-__----.-. 319-326 
Ransom, Brayton Howarp. A new Cestode from an Afri- 

can Bustard.—No.: 1844. -June 24, 19117_____.______... .637-647 


Ricuarpson, Harrintr. Description of a new species of 
Aga from the Atlantic coast of the United States.—No. 
Sm eran Lo Witenes Ole Oe 


New species: 4/ga ornata. 


Ricuarpson, Harriet. Descriptions of a new genus and 
species of Isopod crustacean of the family Idotheidx from 
the mouth of the Rio de la Plata, Argentina, South Amer- 
i¢ac— Now £8bis) April LOOM ee 2 oe ls 5. POOH RA 


New genus: Chiriscus. 
New species: Chiriscus australis. 


Descriptions of a new genus and species of Janiridee 
from the northwest Pacific.—No. 1843. June 7, 19111. 633-635 


New genus: Jerella. 
New species: Jxrella armata. 


Ronwer, 8S. A. Descriptions of new species of Wasps with 
notes on described species.—No. 1837. May 26, 1911'.. 551-587 


New genus: Gonostigmus. 

New species: Pterochilus seneconis, P. leucotenius, P. diversicolor, 
Pseudomasaris coquilletti, Priocnemis subconicus, Podium carolina, 
Stigmus conestogorum, S. aphidiperda, Gonostigmus typicus, Dio- 
dontus bidentatus, Passalecus melanocrus, Lindenius (Enoplo- 
lindenius) clypeatus, Crabro (Solenius) townsendi, C. (subgenus?) 
schwarzi, C. (Hoplocrabro) novanus, Thyreopus ( Thyreopus) venator, 
T. (Blepharipus) melanius, T. (Crossocerus) xanthognathus, Gorytes 
(Gorytes) neglectus, G. (Pseudoplisus) gyponacinus, G. (P.) venus- 
tiformis, G. (Hoplisus) helianthi, G. (Hoplisoides) knabi, Pison 
cressoni, Tachysphex helianthi, T. gillettei, T. coquilletti, T. argyro- 
trichus, T. johnsoni, T. opwanus, T. maurus, T. neomexicanus, 
T. fedorensis, T. bruesi, T. sphecodoides, T. leensis, T. wheeleri, 
Tachytes chrysocercus, T. xenoferus, Larropsis filicornis, L. por- 
tianus, Notogonia bella, Zoyphium rujfipes, Silaon mexicanus, Mis- 
cophinus nigriceps. 

New subgenus: Enoplolindenius. 

New subspecies: Stigmus inordinatus hubbardi, S. fraternus colora- 
densis. 

New varieties: Chlorion (Palmodes) rufiventris var. opuntix, Stigmus 
fulvipes var. coquilletti. 


SmirH, Hueu M:, and Lewis Rapvcuirre. Descriptions of 
three new Fishes of the family Chetodontide from the 
Philippine Islands.—No. 1822. April 17, 1911*..-...-- 319-826 


New species: Chetodon argentatus, Heniochus singularius, Holacan- 
thus multifasciatus. 


1 Date of publication. 


Vill TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


SNYDER, JOHN OTTERBEIN. Descriptions of new genera 
and species of Fishes from Japan and the Riu Kiu 
Islands:—No. 1836. . May 26,;1011" _ 2a 2s Sage: 


New genera: Jordanidia, Catalufa, Draculo. 

Newspecies: Microphis extensus, Corythroichthys quinquarius, Jordani- 
dia raptoria, Catalufa umbra, Pseudanthias venator, Platyinius amoe- 
nus, Pentapus formosulus, Nemipterus bathybius, Abudefduf rho- 
maleus, A. clarki, Lactophrys tritropis, Sebastodes tanakx, Cottus 
nozawe, Myoxocephalus yesoensis, Ocynectes modestus, Bero zanclus, 
Podothecus xysies, Lepidotrigla kishinouyi, Clariger exilis, Draculo 
mirabilis, Hippoglossoides katakure, Lepidopsetta mochigarei, 
Glyptocephalus sasx. 


Sranton, Trmorny W. Final supplement to the catalogue 
of the published writings of Charles Abiathar White. 
1897—1908.—No. 1813. April 0; 191122 Sack es Dee 


Viereck, H. L. Descriptions of one new genus and eight 
new species of Ichneumon-flies—No. 1832. April 17, 
QMS? 2 oo See 2 Se Bes ee ee eee 


New genus: Cyanopteridea. 

New species: Apanteles (Apanteles) lacteicolor, Chelonus bipustulatus, 
Orgilus ashmeadi, Zele rosenbergi, Anilastus tricoloripes, Hyposoter 
disparis, Pimpla (Pimpla) porthetrix, Pimpla (Pimpla) disparis. 

New name: Campyloneurus bicolorinus. 


Descriptions of six new genera and thirty-one 
new species of Ichneumon-flies—No. 1812. April 17, 
12 Ie aang eer he Det ath RI 4 3s LORE Mela as 


New genera: Cryptoxilos, Dolichozele, Platyspathius, Polystenidea, 
Stenopleura. 

New species: Apanteles (Dolichogenidea) banksi, A. (Protapanteles) 
africanus, A. (P.) bedellix, A. (P.) beneficus, A. (P.) chrysippi, A. 
(P.) cinctiformis, A. (P.) griffini, A. (Pseudapanteles) consimilis, A. 
(P.) etiellex, Chelonus knabi, Cryptoxilos dichromorphus, Diachasma 
crawfordi, Dixretus nipponensis, Dolichozele koebelei, Habrobracon 
beneficientior, Hormiopterus graciliformus, Macrocentrus (Amicrop- 
dus) crambworus, Microbracon howardi, Microplitis melianx, Platys- 
pathius pictipennis, Polystenidea parksi, P. metacomet, Anempheres 
diaphanix, Cremastus hymenix, Hyperallus calirox, Limneriwm 
(Campoletis) prodenix, Megarhyssa greenei, Mesochorus infernalis, 
M. nigrisignus, Phygadeuon (Bathymetis) patulus,P. (Daictes) fukan, 
P. ( Mastrus) neodiprioni. 

New subgenus: Dolichogenidea. 

New name: Mesochorus patulus. 


WEED, ALFRED C. See under Brean, Barton A-_-_--- Sh 


Page. 


025-549 


197-139 


475-480 


173-196 


231-232 


See under Bran, Barton A_____....-.-.-.---- 369-376 


1 Date of publication. 


List OF [TLLUSTRATIONS. 


PLATES. 
Facing page. 
lea SkcullsroibormeanimMumt| ACH hacece cis ose RIMS = cies aise elles se sree d 146 
Beas erleron ms OrnOaMy MUN LACS ims c2 ssc le 2 ae acl len ayn oe asin GME oimye chelcin ep 146 
BeeAaglerstorebormeamM min taesece seas de we ee oe od Sao bee Andee ek 146 
APS iirrela er tAe WChuirUs PrevOstt PTOUP >. --<\-s2ne- 222s cee see ee sce seen LAG 
Gage Onneanyorane-Wtanen a. os ccna jade ceca nice ele cies s/s ania ahs Sen ele 146 
Sap ciiitimate, Dormesn orany-Utan 2 -,2igo.c.4 de coe ok ee a le ees es cle ewe 146 
FpeveimaLe Dornedt orane-ULan eco) 2 2). cli 2 = 25 SES Ae aoe eine ie cacinve oie 2 elses Seas ae 146 
Se LineoiduMoina trom South Americn.: 2 4.I32- 0. ek os Soe c te aes ode oes OO. 
oe tanenid mo thsasrom SoutAmerica..: 5.520225 vce 2 be Sk we etc tees Hee eoo 
AO seAcumGrenmle of WVarcine brasvliensis..- <2. 52. oS ic ce aon wee ee ee 232 
ee AOE IOL PN AT CLC OTGSURCNSIS a 22). 2e. So eae es Ree ae east wns coals 232 
Pm Gnilodehatiindubaskeue oe eae AS cis 62 ote tds ae eee om Sts ete eye 276 
ose OMhveremOuntedusinlel dics. “ccs! Se oa. Sees do Sere oe etn te ce eee meses 276 
i aetieclesiasticaltcrowm OD IMuUler.--snoSsan6 2-2 2: ye oa cee on - Se es 276 
15. Necklaces of charm boxes...........---- eee 2 items ae Serres 276 
Home Neelkdacestoseharm Oxesysa2)5.. Seo Se 3 eee do nasaln ae Sale seas ee ees 276 
Vie OUNATMEMLECECTOSBESE TR eae me oie aici eee oe Sere Siete Sra arti avee Siete ena eae 276 
Remotlivieribracele tsatedee a> etou co Goats jalan tes anes wae erate Sk AS ean go Se 276 
19. Tweezer case, scabbard mounts, and crutch ornaments.........-....--.--- 276 
Lester norm sandrwO0d, Vessels. <2. Sencles 22/2 oes cc,.acetneis see sober. cs 276 
PIM ie ste Arse Nes yearns Ae 2G ie ESM Se oie fiend ne ies = 276 
eee bata tare onl Cloth 5k Satan co.cc sere Eo at ee RAC a SEE oaks 276 
eT CON SeROM Bare sa cate ae ears oie Selenite 82 ee. ie ee Sree eh a oe 276 
pas Portraitorwienclick and therqueen .: 222,502 Yon. 22 -< cis Be EEL ee 276 
PaerbustomeulepaimtimeonjGloune-(.,. 52,212 -2ee ha c<.- 2k ae eRe =~ ee <iets eos s 276 
Bee helioious: piebuted On DIasseca. s+ f.-2.1=5 se oA tee eee See panes see eile 276 
27. Manuseript book with leathercase-.-~ . 20.2... (222-982 25-* 5 Bhs 4305 ete ie ate 276 
eam leraMd Mead GTESS. 44.0 hciaiveicinaiale sas = ee eines ee eee 2 De ei leer 276 
29. Ornaments of ivory and brass. . - ---- LS AA ie PRK INT AS et Ce 276 
basen apoameamdMeCAGrest. Se,c- aie, 20e.ci2 <iaersise tc Hace 4 ese Sete se 276 
BAL DBE eds Bol le 2A ae oe et een es ORCA ocd ERE Aa een Ree ST ee yeas 276 
FOOTE TRS Neel eee ee 6 Re ee i=, SE ie ee ee oe 276 
Soe Abyssinian scolns (Gb Verse) 22 s-22.6 524-26. ate eek) Sa Sel. a - ee ieee 276 
34. Abyssinian Colts (GEVerse)-- ssa 4er ee a ie ee BGM eter Pees Ae ae 276 
B5ee New apecies:of shelisifrom Bermudas 43-1 ea.) /ee ap econ eee ee 288 
36. West American mollusks of the genus Cerithiopsis Ros hehe wmeitig See se 368 
37. West American mollusks of the genus Cerithiopsis.........-------+------- 368 
38. West American mollusks of the genus Cerithiopsis.........--------+------- 368 
39. West American mollusks of the genus Cerithiopsis.......----------------- 368 
40. West American mollusks of the genus Cerithiopsis.......-------+--------- 368 
41. West American mollusks of the genus Cerithiopsis.........-----.--------- 368 
42, Lepomis holbrookitso. ... 2.8 =... Wes ealet ia iy An. ony BE, Sats teh) AA AS ct 376 


x LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Facing page. 
AD EMOTE ROLOTOONUL 20 2 sacs > Se INE ic a ee en ae ee eee ae 376 
AAD CDOMES RETOS © oi 1-2 Sete SA ethys e ia a eRe ae ete ee ee ae ee 376 
ADEM ePOMNS NETOS .s 2s.si-a05 SA See ye eee AS OI Sc ewe ieee eat Say cee een ree 376 
46. Lepomis gibbosus. Lepomis heros. Lepomis holbrookti.............------ 376 
AT Genomis heros:  Lepowis CuryOnuse se ok jee ae se eee ee a 376 
AS. Lepomis aloulus: hepomis Gumieusee. 0: he fee = ets semen cers nen ee 376 
AQP ie poms PAldUs vo. . <neais ow case eee ei a Oe ne ee eee ee 376 
50. Lepomis megalotis. Lepomis cyanellus.......--- Urea ache S a ae eee 376 
51. West American mollusks of the genus Bitttuum..................---------- 414 
52. West American mollusks of the genus Bitttum...........-.......---.-.-- 414 
53. West American mollusks of the genus Bittiwm.....-.....--.....----- ees | ie! 
54. West American mollusks of the genus Bittvwm....2.--.-25-...- 5.22 5--45ee 414 
55. West Anrerican mollusks of the genus Bittuum.....-...--.-22.+2-+2----525 414 
56. West American mollusks of the genus Bittwuwm-.....<..-.s.<-.-<+2-2---2-- 414 
Hi) West, American.molluske of the genus Bitiwium....- 4.22 4 ee a 414 
5S. aWesteAmerican mollusks of the venus .Bithwm.--...---4-.--- 7. sees eee 414 
Hoa Site llgronitmersenus) Ach s0) au, Many: mclek crass tn eee eas en 438 
GOmNew tropical millipedsivg Soy io s.c Seen a os Boa ee A a bea kee 474 
61. Moldavites and like sporadic glasses from Billiton and Australia.........- 486 
62. Obsidian with moldavite-like markings, natural and artificial. ............. 486 
Go. hypical vems'of the Virgilina district 2 9. 2-2 eee ae ee 524 
64; Ore im quartz, Wall mine cio. 22 2a. steno eis ee ee 524 
65. Secondary chalcocite in bornite, Seaboard mine.....-.--..---.-.222eee--e 524 
66. Secondary chalcocite in bornite, Seaboard mine................---------- 524 
67. Secondary chalcocite and bornite, Seaboard mine. Intergrowth of bornite 
andkchalleocite as lnes Wan ovum eres eee ke See ee 524 
68. Crystallographic intergrowth of bornite and chalcocite, Wall mine. .....-- 524 
69! Intergrowth of bornite and chalcocite. 225.2 e seas e eee = eee 524 
70. Breeding ranges of the subspecies of Dryobates villosus...........-.------- 622 
TEXT FIGURES. 
Page. 
Map of southwestern /Bormeo:)..22 ... d-kict<2'se tae ese eee ee eee 55 
Map of southeastern Bomeo . -.-)-\s: 8.2.54 seeeee eee cr oa +e eee ee ee 57 
Chiniscus astraliss KO's. fo Pee SOS eo CO eRe ere ie yee Se este ee 170 
Chiriscus australis. Maxilliped.- 2035552 - 2022 222 Loe a ee ae 170 
Chiniscws australis: :< Kirstleg \ SCLIE oe See cc ake se a 170 
Chiriscus australis... Second leg. 20%: oo. ss ae ee ee eee 171 
Chiriscus australis’ Sixth leg.” Xx 208 5.225.823. ane ee eee ee 171 
GTA ACHITUS [OSCHLEUS 518 ia cet oin tars Beare ore me ioe einnn) sa nee ee eye eee 202 
Guninachirus Wudus: 250 jess Loe 2 to. eee eee 2 case eee eee oe ee ee eee 203 


Ventral view showing topography. ac., acetabulum; c. p., cirrus pouch; es., 
esophagus; ex. p., excretory pore; ex. v., excretory vesicle; g. p., genital pore; 

i., intestine; DL. c., Laurer’s canal; 0. s., oral sucker; ov., ovary; ph., pharynx; 

é., testis: ut., uterus; v..¢., vitellania: 25.0 <.\s0.ciecieseel. 220 nee 234 
Sagittal section to show prepharyngeal atrium. p. ph., prepharynx.........- 235 
Diagram to show relations of Laurer’s canal and its globular end. c. vd., 

common vitello-duct; ov. d., oviduct; r. s., receptaculum seminis; s. g., shell 


gland: \¢. od., transverse ‘vitellosduet.. 2525024 52/52 hs 222d aes eee eee 237 
Chxtodon argentatus. << <i. bode ak oe et SUS RE USS. She oe ee eee 320 
FICNIOCHUS SINQUIGTIUS 2 2. 200 OER Ne ee eee 322 
Wolacanthus multifasciatus. ... 26a. 2a25s8 Ss Se ase ene See ee ee 325 


A drawing of the specimen of Eumicrerpeton parvum. a., anus; f., femur; h., 
humerus; 7., interclavicle; in., intestine; m., mandible; o., orbit; s., stomach; 
$2 tibia: and shi ules: SK! 536s sige nk 5 clase eevee Sete ase eee Se ee eee ae 430 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XI 


Page. 

Drawing of the specimen of Amphibamus thoracatus. c., clavicle; h., humerus; 
merinterclavicle; o., orbit; 7.,, radius: (ulnay);/v., vertebra... .5.....-..-..-- 432 
RIEU REIS? Seem ATC SUIM DS espe cyt N A Sree Mean Mena a)Sase ~ as eGts via aps 22 Sele 456 
fomusancisus. Caring: of segments’ 8 and 9....... 5.2.22. 22..222.4------000% 456 
fivostmcisus. ‘Gonopods, anterior side. . 1... 2.22522 Wses)e2 faeces esse sk. 457 
Banus incisus. Gonopods, posterior side. .__..:........--20.2. 22.2 5.2 ee eee 458 
Biciodesmus creper. Segments 1-6. Dorsal view.......-...------...-.---- 461 
Bucctodesmus creper. Segments 13-19. Dorsal view.....--....-...-.---.-+-- 462 
PAC UILU SOLAS, CATMLODMAE Hae os ois peers ce = tee os ie te Aes a, we ae wll 469 
Chonodesmus alatus. Segments 1 and 2. Dorsal view.............--......-- 469 
Chonodesmus alatus. Segments4and 5. Dorsal view..................----- 469 
Chonodesmus alatus. Segments 18-20. Dorsal view.............-....--..-- 469 

Cross section of Virgilina district at right angles to the strike of the schistosity, 
approximately alone the Southern Railway... ..22----<¢2-<2..---+,.2s-<' 515 
ABD OFA! SESS S AI ao Se or Ee RS PR a eng 623 
Be MMEOLH Aen MAXIE KODE 54 Ss Nem: os 2 sete ee weels See baa seouh etce wean 623 
Bee oannrdiassmiiret Maxtla: XG5e.: 255: oes ae hod ote = sae oh oe es bn keld Hee 624 
Peroni dire CCONMs Ma RTlaR: | KAAS oe eee oO ad tee a eee ceils au cial 624 
LEE SIRGULAGS CPG ag SAA a A Up A oN OP eae eles 634. 
manoroncolemia uncnata. “Wmbire Worm... 425.5... 0.- 522-82 sceeecee nesses! 638 
Sphyroncotexnia uncinata. Head, considerably flattened by pressure.......... 639 
Sphyroncotenia uncinata. Hook from rostellum.................--22------- 639 


Sphyroncotenia uncinata. Gravid segments from posterior portion of strobila. 
ex., excretory vessel; g. p., genital pore; par. ut., para-uterine organ; wt., 
WSUS i. 6. ce pS SCHR Ona oe Due SaBe qe ORe OS Sa cee SAS AB One oS aan Aenea eae ome 640 
Sphyroncotenia uncinata. Transverse section of sexually mature segment. 
c. p., cirrus pouch; ex., excretory vessel; J. n., lateral longitudinal nerve; 
0v., ovary; sem. rec., seminal receptacle; s. g., shell gland; ¢., testicles; ¢. m., 
transverse muscles; wt., primordium of uterus; vag., vagina; v. d., vas def- 
SIRENS Oa: (fg AON Ad EN 06 GSS ne a a Pn 641 
Sphyroncotenia uncinata. Transverse section through genital pore, cirrus 
pouch, and neighboring structures. cl., genital cloaca; c. p., cirrus pouch; 
ex., excretory vessel; J. n., lateral longitudinal nerve; t. m., transverse mus- 
Ries Vag VAPIMA ONG.) VARCELereNS: 2 os bcc ce ack os cede ad Sok eee ees 642 
MR TONCOLECTERAMUNCUTEG er MELO Oat a A ans ai 5 os iecs meer ASainl Se ce ia ie Sreien oe Al esos 643 


et eee ees 


Sth ltr a 1 ae e 


+e tase Ee 
ey) Pte pac! At 


Reet S = 


eRe es bai 


THE RECENT CRINOIDS OF THE COASTS OF AFRICA. 


By Austin Hopart Criark, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U.S. National Museum. 


HISTORY. 


The history of the study of the recent crinoids inhabiting the 
coasts of Africa can be stated in a few words. With but three 
exceptions all the references to African crinoids are only incidental, 
incorporated in works sometimes restricted to the echinoderms alone, 
but more commonly very general in scope. Thus while the titles of 
books and papers number about seventy, from each one only a small 
amount of information is gained, and an adequate conception of 
African crinoids as a whole can be acquired only by an amount of 
Jabor totally incommensurate with the sum of the knowledge gained. 

The first crinoid known from African waters was described from 
Mauritius in 1816 by Lamarck under the name of Comatula carinata. 
Lamarck adopted the name carinata from Leach, who in the previous 
year had diagnosed, in a very insufficient manner, his Alecto carinata, 
which Lamarck thought might turn out to be his species. 

In 1817 the portion of Savigny’s Description de Egypte dealing 
with the echinoderms was published, and in it were figured two 
comatulids from the Red Sea, one of which was designated by 
Audouin as ‘‘Comatula sp.,” the other as ‘‘Comatula multiradiata.” 
There is no further reference to the first of these figures, which rep- 
resents Tropiometra encrinus; but in 1836 de Blainville copied the 
second in the atlas to his Manuel d’Actinologie. In doing this he 
made a curious mistake, for the plate is lettered ‘‘Comatula adeonex,” 
though in the text the description of Comatula adeonzx is taken from 
Lamarck, and the species is correctly said to have ten arms. In the 
following year the Penny Encyclopedia copied de Blainville’s account 
of Comatula adeonxz, multiradiate figure and all, and the same slip 
was made by Knight in his Natural History, published in 1867. 

Riippel, in the course of his travels, found in the Red Sea an inter- 
esting multiradiate comatulid upon which he bestowed the manu- 


PrRoceepinas U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1808. 
80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——1 1 


yb PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSHUM. vou. 40, 


script name of Comatula leucomelas, but I have not been able to find 
that he mentioned it anywhere in his works. In 1833 Leuckart 
came across his specimens in the Senckenberg Museum at Frankfort 
on Main and published the name, together with the locality, though 
without any diagnosis. 

Leuckart was the first to describe the curious parasitic worms 
belonging to the genus Myzostoma with which crinoids are usually 
infested, his attention having been first called to them by mistaking 
one for a madreporic plate. In discussing the genus Myzostoma he 
mentions a multiradiate comatulid from the Red Sea, which, follow- 
ing Audouin, he identifies as Comatula multiradiata, but which von 
Graff, acting on the advice of P. H. Carpenter, has suggested was 
probably an example of Heterometra savignia, the species to which 
Audouin’s Comatula multiradiata has always been referred. 

In the Iconographie du Regne Animal, published by Guérin-Méné- 
ville from 1828-1837, there are two figures! supposed to represent 
the species described as Comatula carinata from Mauritius. Possibly 
the first does represent this species, though it looks more like some 
species of Antedon; but the second (2a) appears to be a species of 
Amphimetra, and agrees fairly well with A. discoidea from northern 
Australia and the East Indies. There is a specimen of Amphimetra 
discoidea (labeled by P. H. Carpenter Antedon milberti, var. dibra- 
chiata) in the Paris Museum from which I suspect the figure was 
drawn. 

In 1841 Johannes Miiller described his Alecto savignii, which was 
based upon specimens which had been brought from the Red Sea by 
Hempricht and Ehrenberg, now in the Berlin Museum, and he also 
identified Savigny’s figure, which had been called Comatula multi- 
radiata by Audouin, as this species. Two years later he described 
Alecto wahlbergit from specimens brought by Wahlberg from Port 
Natal, which he examined at the Stockholm Museum. 

Michelin in 1845 noted the occurrence of Comatula carinata at 
Mauritius. His specimens are now in the Paris Museum. 

In 1849 the comprehensive monograph of Miiller, completing his 
studies on the comatulids, gave a summary of the knowledge in regard 
to African species at that date. Practically the same account was 
given in 1862 by Dujardin and Hupé in their monograph on the 
so-called Zoophytes. 

Bohlsche in 1866 described as new a curious little comatulid from 
the coast of Brazil which he had been unable to identify with any | 
previously known species. He called it, in compliment to the 
justly famous Norwegian naturalist of that name, Antedon diibenii. 
This species has been the cause of considerable confusion. P. H. 


1 Zoophytes, pl. 1, figs. 2, 2a. 


no. 1808. RHCENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 3 


Carpenter identified with it a specimen which the Challenger dredged 
at Bahia, and figured both this specimen and the type in the Challenger 
report on the Comatule. The Challenger specimen is a young exam- 
ple of Tropiometra picta, but the type-specimen obviously belongs to 
the Antedonidz and to the genus Antedon. Nothing like it has 
since been found on the American side of the Atlantic. 

EK. Von Martens in 1869 recorded from the Red Sea the Alecto 
palmata of Miller, which had originally been described from India, 
and at the same time recorded Comatula solaris from Zanzibar. The 
determination of the former was correct, but the latter appears to 
have been in reality Tropiometra carinata. Von Martens did not dis- 
cover that the species recorded by Leuckart as Comatula leucomelas 
is the same as the one given by himself as Comatula palmata. 

Sir C. Wyville Thomson, in his preliminary report upon the crinoids 
of the Porcupine expedition and in his semipopular work The Depths 
of the Sea, published in 1873, as well as in The Atlantic, published in 
1877, touches upon the fauna of the Mediterranean, but the only 
erinoid he mentions from the vicinity of Africa is ‘‘ Rhizocrinus 
loffotensis,” which was dredged by the Swedish frigate Josephine on 
the Josephine Bank. 

In 1878 Pourtalés and in 1879 Rathbun discussed at considerable 
length specimens of Tropiometra carinata from Zanzibar, comparing 
them with specimens of 7. picta from the coast of Brazil. 

In 1879 also Edgar A. Smith described in detail a new comatulid, 
Comatula indica, from the island of Rodriguez, which remains to-day 
the only crinoid known from that locality. 

Greeff, while visiting the island of Rolas, in the Gulf of Guinea, 
found some crinoids there which he identified with the species inhabit- 
ing southern Europe. Carpenter was inclined to consider them as 
being in reality the Antedon diibenia of Béohlsche, but it seems probable 
that they are identical with the Antedon hupferi of Hartlaub, which 
is closely related to that species. 

De Loriol, discussing the echinoderms of Mauritius in 1883, includes, 
as did Michelin, Tropiometra carinata. 

The work of the two French steamers, the Travailleur and the 
Talisman, had resulted in the discovery of many interesting crinoids 
off the coasts of southern Europe and northwestern Africa. Scat- 
tered references to these are found in the writings of E. Perrier, Cap- 
tain Parfait, de Folin, and of the Marquis de Filhol, but they are 
mostly very indefinite and very unsatisfactory. Interest in these 
crinoids appears to have soon died out, and no detailed report upon 
them was ever prepared. 

Prof. F. Jeffrey Bell, in listing the echinoderms obtained by the 
Alert in the western Indian Ocean, records (1884) immature speci- 
mens of a species of ‘‘ Actinometra”’ from the Amirante Islands. 


4. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


In the same year P. H. Carpenter published an account of the 
crinoids occurring between the Faroe Islands and Gibraltar, mostly 
based upon the results of the work of the Porcupine expedition, and 
he also finished the monograph on the stalked erinoids which had been 
obtained by the Challenger. This latter is more comprehensive in 
scope than is indicated by its title, for it includes an account of the 
material obtained by all the other exploring ships, in so far as he had 
access to it, and cites nearly all of the published references, thus offer- 
ing a reasonably complete summary of everything known in regard 
to the recent stalked crinoids previous to 1884. Four years later this 
monograph was followed by a similar work dealing with the coma- 
tulids; but this is less comprehensive in its scope, so that species not 
among the Challenger collections are neither described in detail nor 
figured. As the Challenger obtained but a single species while in 
African waters, at Simons Bay, Natal, and that a well-known form 
(Comanthus wahlbergii), it is evident that African species receive a 
comparatively small amount of attention. 

Hartlaub’s monograph on the comatulid fauna of the East Indian 
Archipelago, published in 1891 (after a preliminary paper in 1890), 
fillsmany of the gaps left by Carpenter in the Challenger monograph. 
Two new African species, one from the Red Sea (Antedon klunzingert) 
and the other from the Ivory coast (Antedon hupferi), are described 
as new and figured, and two others, known from the Red Sea since 
1817 and 1833, are for the first time adequately figured. 

Bell in 1892 described a new species of ‘‘ Antedon”’ from Mauritius 
under the name of A. emendatriz. Ever since then it has been a 
great puzzle to determine what the species really is, as the diagnosis 
is far from clear, and there is a possibility that it covers two distinct 
species belonging to two different genera, one of which is a species of 
Cenometra, though Bell did not recognize its affinity with C. bella, 
which Hartlaub had made known two years previously. 

In 1899 Hubert Ludwig published an important paper upon the 
echinoderms of Zanzibar, based upon a collection made in that 
country by Doctor Voeltzkow. In this he recapitulates the previous 
records for the region about Zanzibar published by von Martens, 
Rathbun, Pourtalés, and Carpenter, and adds Antedon flagellata, a 
species previously known only from Singapore and the Pelew Islands. 

The work of the steamer Valdivia while under charter to the Ger- 
man Government resulted in the discovery of two interesting crinoids 
off the coast of Somaliland, which are figured by Professor Chun, 
with tentative identifications furnished by Professor Déderlein, in his 
interesting account of the voyage (Aus den Tiefen des Weltmeeres). 
One of these was a species of Rhizocrinus, a genus knownfrom many 
places in the Atlantic, but hitherto only known outside that area 
from the indefinite report of Korotneff, who found a large species 


no. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 5 


(2 R. weberi) in the Straits of Sunda; the other was a new species of 
Pentametrocrinus. 

The work of the Prince of Monaco has added a great deal to our 
knowledge of the crinoids of the deeper waters of! northwest Africa. 
Much information is contained in short papers published by the 
Prince himself and by Professors Kcehler and Richard. All the data 
acquired has recently (1909) been presented in magnificent form 
under the authorship of Professor Koehler. 

It is very remarkable that the Princesse-Alice should have obtained 
only two new species, but the lack of quantity is more than com- 
pensated by the interest attaching to one of them, Gephyrocrinus 
grimaldii, representing a second genus of Hyocrinide, first described 
in a preliminary paper by Professor Keehler and Dr. ¥. A. Bather, 
jointly, in 1902. 

The investigations conducted by the Cape of Good Hope Govern- 
ment into the marine resources of that colony had resulted in the 
accumulation of most excellent collections of echinoderms. ‘These were 
turned over to Prof. F. Jeffrey Bell for determination, and he found 
among them four species of crinoids, three of which he described as 
new, assigning them all to systematic: positions very remote from 
those they in reality occupy; his fourth species was misidentified. 
These four species are: 


Antedon capensis = Tropiometra carinata. 
Antedon sclatert = Pachylometra sclatert. 
Antedon magnicirra = Crotalometra magnacirra. 


Actinometra parvicirra = Comanthus wahlbergis. 

In his report upon the stalked crinoids of the Siboga expedition, 
which appeared toward the close of 1907, Professor Déderlein figured 
the species of Rhizocrinus dredged by the Valdivia off Somaliland, 
calling it, most appropriately, Rhizocrinus chun. 

Mr. Herbert C. Chadwick in 1908 communicated to the Linnzan 
Society of London a short paper upon the crinoids collected by Mr. 
Cyril Crossland on the coast of the Sudan during the course of the 
investigations of the marine biology of the Red Sea under the direc- 
tion of Prof. W. A. Herdman. Six species are listed, four of which 
are new to the region; these are: 


Antedon serripinna = Colobometra chadwick. 
Antedon parvicirra = Iridometra egy plied. 
Antedon marginata = tStephanometra m arginata. 
Antedon imparipinna = Dichrometra protectus. 
Antedon palmata = Dichrometra palmata. 
Antedon savignyt — Heterometra savignit. 


Mr. Chadwick himself was not certain of the correctness of his 
determination of Antedon marginata, and in a review I took the 
liberty of stating that Antedon serripinna and A. parvicirra were 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


possibly not quite the same as the East Indian species called by 
those names by Carpenter. Thanks to the kindness of Mr. Chadwick 
and Professor Herdman, I have been able to examine one of the 
specimens identified as _A. serrvpinna, and I find it to be a new species 
of Colobometra, and not an Oligometra at all. I also found in the 
British Museum a specimen of what is undoubtedly his Antedon 
parvicirra, Which turned out to be a new species of Iridometra. 

In October 1909, Professor Bell reported upon the echinoderms of 
the Perey Sladen Trust expedition, which included four crinoids. 
All were misidentified. The four species are: 

Actinometra multiradiata = Comaiella maculata. 


Antedon carinata =? Cosmiometra gardinert. 

Antedon palmata = Stephanometra indica. 

Antedon spicata = Cenometra emendatriz. 
MATERIAL. 


The specimens examined in connection with the present work 
include all the crinoids from Africa in the British Museum, the 
Bergen Museum, the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, the Copen- 
hagen Museum, the Hamburg. Museum, the Museum ftir Naturkunde 
and the Museum fiir Meereskunde, Berlin, the Oceanographic 
Museum at Monaco, the Paris Museum, and the U. S. National 
Museum. Among them are the originals of all the published records 
of Leuckart, Guérin-Ménéville, J. Muller, Michelin, Dujardin and 
Hupé, von Martens, Wyville Thomson, Pourtalés, Rathbun, HE. A. 
Smith, Bell, P. H. Carpenter, Hartlaub, and Ludwig, and most of 
those of Déderlein and Chadwick. At Lyons Prof. R. Koehler and 
M. Vaney showed me the specimens collected by the Travazlleur, the 
Talisman, and the Princesse-Alice, upon which they are soon to 
publish a report. Two of their new species I had already seen in the 
museums at London and Paris, and I had drawn up diagnoses of 
them; but it is only fair to those gentlemen to withhold my diagnoses 
until they are able to publish theirs, and to confine myself, in treating 
of the material collected by the French and Monacan ships, to the 
published records. 


FAUNAL RELATIONSHIPS OF THE AFRICAN COASTS. 


There are known to-day from the coasts of Africa and the outlying 
islands fifty-three species of recent crinoids; forty-five of these 
belong to the Comatulida, representing seven families, viz, the 
Comasteride (six); the Himerometride (twelve); the Colobome- 
tride (six); the Tropiometride (three); the Thalassometride (eight) ; 
the Antedonide (eight), and the Pentametrocrinide (two), while 
eight are stalked, representing the Pentacrinitidz (one); the Hyocri- 
nidz (one), and the Rhizocrinide (six). These species are included 
in twenty-four genera, of which four are stalked. 


no. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 7 


! The African shores are faunally divisible into five well-marked 
districts, each with its characteristic species and genera, as follows: 


MEDITERRANEAN COAST, 
Family ANTEDONIDA. 
Antedon mediterranea. Leptometra phalangium. 


NORTHWEST COAST (STRAITS OF GIBRALTAR TO CAPE VERDE, INCLUDING THE AZORES, 
MADEIRA, CANARY, AND CAPE VERDE ISLANDS). 


Family COMASTERID. 
Neocomatella (new species).! 
Family THALASSOMETRIDA. 


Crotalometra flava. Thalassometra lusitanica.' 
Thalassometra omissa. 


Family ANTEDONID. 
Antedon bifida. Leptometra celtica. 
Family PENTAMETROCRINID. 
Pentametrocrinus atlanticus.? 1 
Family PENTACRINITID. 
Endozocrinus wyvillethomsom.t 
Family HYOCRINIDA. 
Gephyrocrinus grimaldi. 
Family BOURGUETICRINID. 


Bathycrinus gracilis Bathycrinus recuperatus.1 
Bathycrinus perrieri.t Rhizocrinus parfaiti.? ! 


WEST COAST (INCLUDING THE ISLANDS OF ST. HELENA AND ASCENSION). 
Family TROPIOMETRIDAL. 
Tropiometra picta.? 
Family ANTEDONIDE. 


Antedon hupferi. 


1 Deep-water species. 2 Occurs also in the West Indies. 


8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Family THALASSOMETRIDA. 
Crotalometra porrecta.! Thalassometra multispina.! 
Family RHIZOCRINID AL. 


Bathycrinus aldrichianus 


SOUTHEAST COAST (FROM MOMBASA TO CAPE TOWN, INCLUDING ALL THE OUTLYING 
ISLANDS). 


Family COMASTERIDA. 


Comatella maculata. Capillaster multiradiata. 
Comissia ignota. Comanthus parvicirra. 
Comanthus wahlbergit. 


Family HIMEROMETRIDA. 


Amphimetra africana. Craspedometra madagascarensis. 
Ieterometra joubini. Heterometra graviert. 
Stephanometra indica. Dichrometra flagellata. 


Family COLOBOMETRID Ad. 


Cenometra emendatriz. Decametra mobiusi. 
Decametra modica. Decametra alaude. 
Oligometra serripinna. 


Family TROPIOMETRID/L. 
Troprometra carinata. 
Family THALASSOMETRIDE. 


Crotalometra magnicirra.! Cosmiometra gardinert.} 
Pachylometra sclateri.1 


Family ANTEDONIDA. 


Iridometra mauritiana. Perometra afra. 


NORTHEAST COAST (FROM BRITISH EAST AFRICA TO SUEZ), 


Family COMASTERID/AL. 


Comanthus (2parvicirra) . 


1 Deep-water species. 


NO. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 9 


Family HIMEROMETRID/#. 


Craspedometra ater. Dichrometra protectus. 
Heterometra savignit. Dichrometra klunzingeri. 
Stephanometra marginata. Dichrometra palmata. 


Family COLOBOMETRID 4. 
Colobometra chadwicki. 

Family TROPIOMETRID. 
Tropiometra encrinus. 

Family ANTEDONID. 
Tridometra xgy ptica. 
Family PENTAMETROCRINID:. 
Pentametrocrinus (new species). 


Family RHIZOCRINIDA. 


Rhizocrinus chuni 


Mediterranean coast.—So far as we know, the Mediterranean coast 
of Africa is the same faunally as the Mediterranean coast of Europe. 
Only two genera, Antedon and Leptometra, are found here, both of 
which are primarily, as I have shown, of Indian Ocean or East Indian 
origin,” and both of which occur in the Atlantic northward nearly or 
quite to Norway. These two genera may be said to delimit the 
KuRoprAN faunal area—in reality an attenuated derivative from the 
great Indo-Pacific-Japanese region—and this EuropgEAN faunal area 
may logically be divided into (1) the Mediterranean area, inhabited 
by Antedon mediterranea, A. adriatica, and Leptometra phalangium; 
and (2) the Huropean-Atlantic area, inhabited by Antedon petasus, 
A. bifida, and Leptometra celtica, and extending from Norway south to 
Morocco and Madeira. 

Northwest coast.—This is the meeting ground between the preceding 
and succeeding littoral faunal areas; here the Huropean-Atlantic area 
reaches its southern and the West African its northern limit. 

In the deeper water, however, inhabited by species of the Jnter- 
mediate faunal zone,? we find a strongly marked ‘‘ West Indian”’ 
element, indicated by Neocomatella, Pentametrocrinus atlanticus, and 
Rhizocrinus parfaiti. 


1 Deep-water species. 
2Cf. Vid. Medd. fra den naturhist. J orening i Kgbenhavn, 1909, p. 128 et seq. 
8Idem., p. 126. 


10 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40.” 


Thanks to the work of the ships of the U. 8. Coast Survey and the 
U.S. Fish Commission we have long had data upon which to base a 
concept of the Antillean crinoid fauna, and we are able to state with 
a reasonable degree of accuracy that this fauna is directly derived 
from, and forms the outer fringe of, the great Intermediate area, the 
maximum intensity of which lies within a triangle whose apices are, 
roughly, southern Japan, the Kermadec Islands, and Singapore. Just 
as the genera Antedon and Leptometra characterizing the European 
faunal area are distinct from, though very closely related to, the 
parent genera Mastigometra and Psathyrometra of the Kast Indies, 
so the genera found in the West Indies are very closely related to, 
but entirely distinct from, the corresponding East Indian genera. The 
correspondence is well brought out by the following list: 


WEST INDIAN GENUS. CORRESPONDING EAST INDIAN GENUS. 
Family COMASTERID/A. 
Nemaster. Capullaster. 
Neocomatella. Comatella. 
Leptonemaster. Comissia. 
Comactimia. Comatula. 


Family HIMEROMETRIDE. 
Analedometra. Stephanometra. 


Family THALASSOMETRID/. 


Stylometra. Cosmiometra. 
Crinometra Pachylometra. 
Gly ptometra. 


Family ANTEDONIDA. 


Iypalometra. Erythrometra. 
Zenometra. Psathyrometra. 
Coccometra. Thysanometra. 


Certain other genera probably should be paired in the same way, 
but our data in regard to them is as yet insufficient for generaliza- 
tion; a number of genera are, of course, common to both regions, 
though the species are never the same. 

Now the entire western coast of North and South America is, as I 
have shown,! purely Antarctic, or, more precisely, Magellanic, in its 
affinities; the Indo-Pacific-Japanese species disappear far to the west- 
ward among the South Sea islands. It is thus highly improbable 
that the West Indies could ever have become colonized from the 
westward; if such had been the case there would certainly be traces 


1 Geographical Journal, vol. 32, No. 6, p. 602 et seq. 


NO. 1808. RHCHENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 11 


remaining of the zodgeographic progression on the tropical west Amer- 
ican coast. Moreover, the geology of the country between North 
and South America shows that there has been a fairly permanent 
land barrier at all times between the Caribbean and the Pacific; such 
channels as have intercommunicated between them could never have 
been deep, as none of the characteristic animals occurring below the 
sublittoral zone on the Pacific side appear to have passed through to 
the Caribbean. No crinoids ever passed through in either direction, 
and there is not even a subfamily or a genus common to both coasts 
of Central America; but crinoids are almost entirely sessile—much 
more nearly so than any other marine organisms—and many barriers 
therefore operate against their dispersal which are ineffective against 
other animals, including the other echinoderms.! 

The crinoids, therefore, move very slowly into new territory for 
this reason and also because of their shght adaptability to changes 
of salinity and especially of temperature, and the fact that a few of 
the littoral echinoids, ophiuroids, and asteroids have, during the 
periods when communication was established between the Caribbean 
and the Pacific, made their way from the former into the latter, does 
not in any way disprove the hypothesis that there has at all times 
been an insuperable barrier to the dispersal of the crinoids. 

Thus it seems necessary to assume that the West Indian crinoid 
fauna reached the Caribbean basin from the eastward, from the 
northwest coast of Africa, having previously reached that district 
from, the southward or southeastward, not from the eastward or 
northeastward. 

According to this, the northwest African intermediate fauna 
(including that of Europe south of the Bay of Biscay) is zoégeo- 
graphically more important than the West Indian, though at present 
much less known; the two, so far as can be judged, are practically 
the same, so that together they may be considered as making up a 
South European- Northwest African-Antillean faunal division of the 
intermediate region, which falls naturally into two subdivisions, (1) 
an Afro-Huropean and (2) an Antillean. 

It is a very curious fact that almost without a single exception the 
genera and species of this faunal division inhabit deeper—often much 
deeper—water than the genera and species from which they have 
been derived in the East Indian seas, and their habitat in the east is 
deeper again than their habitat in the west. It would appear that 
this faunal division has taken from the great parent Indo-Pacific- 
Japanese region only such genera as are most plastic and can best 
adapt themselves to changing conditions; these genera have been 
able to survive, but have become differentiated from the parent stock, 
while all the other less plastic genera, which we must assume were 


1Vid. Medd. fra den naturhist. Forening i Kgbenhavn, 1909, pp. 117-133. 


12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


originally carried along with them, have died out. The difference in 
depth of habitat between the species on the opposite coasts of the 
Atlantic is probably due to a difference in the nature of the food 
supply, and the increased depth of the habitat of the West Indian 
genera over their East Indian relatives originated probably from the 
same cause." 

There is, therefore, a close similarity in origin between the species 
of the European and the south Huropean-northwest African-Antillean 
faunal divisions; the former have reached their present habitat by 
passing northwestward around or across the northern end of what is 
now Africa, the latter by passing more to the southward. At first 
similar extensions from the common parent region, the diverse con- 
ditions which in past geologic ages they encountered, one in the north 
and the other in the south, reduced them differently, so that now 
they present a totally different aspect, and one would never suspect 
a common origin were they not both equally closely related to the 
parent region. 

It is very interesting that in the ages since the constituent elements 
of these two faunal divisions left the parent region only comparatively 
slight changes have occurred; no widely diverse generic types have 
been evolved, and none of the collateral parent genera have entirely 
died out behind them, though they have largely disappeared from 
the intervening seas of the present day, being preserved, however, in 
certain cases, as fossils in the later rocks. 

West coast.—There are only two littoral comatulids known from 
the west African coast and the outlying islands; one of these (Tropi- 
ometra *picta) is, so far as I can see, identical with the commonest 
species on the opposite coast of South America, while the other 
(Antedon hupferi) is very close to a corresponding species originally 
described from Rio de Janeiro and since reported from Abrolhos 
and Madeira (Antedon diibenit). The third littoral Brazilian comat- 
ulid (Nemaster lineata) has probably spread southward from the 
West Indies just as Tropiometra picta has worked its way northward 
to those islands. 

The faunal division characterized by the presence of Tropiometra 
picta and the small short armed species of Antedon may be conveniently 
known as the West African-South American area. 

In the deep waters of the Atlantic there occur certain genera of 
the Oceanic region which are found in all deep seas, except that they 
never intrude upon the territory occupied by the so-called Polar- 
Pacific species. Such genera are Bathyerinus, Bathymetra, Crota- 
lometra, and Thalassometra; possibly Gephyrocrinus should also be 
placed here. 


1 Geographical Journal, vol. 32, No. 6, p. 602 et seq. 


No. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. rs 


Southeast coast.—The southeastern coast of Africa is faunally the 
richest section of the continent, supporting twenty-two species dis- 
tributed among eighteen genera, of which latter eleven do not occur 
farther north. All of the genera are widely spread throughout the 
Indo-Pacific-Japanese region, but sixteen of the twenty-two species 
are confined to southeastern Africa, only six occurring in Ceylon and 
eastward. The only four species of the deeper water yet known 
belong to characteristically Hast Indian genera. 

The affinities of this district are obviously with Ceylon and the 
region to the eastward of that island rather than with the coasts of 
the Arabian Sea, and the modern crinoid fauna evidently worked 
southwestward along the line now indicated by the Maldive, Chagos, 
and Cargados islands to what is now Mauritius, Madagascar, and 
southeast Africa. 

The following genera are common to southeast Africa and Ceylon 
(or the Bay of Bengal), but do not occur on the shores of the Arabian 
Sea north of Ceylon or north of British East Africa: 


Comatella. Decametra. 

Capillaster. Oligometra. 

Comissia. Crotalometra. 

Bennettia group of Comanthus. Cosmiometra. 

Amphimetra. Pachylometra. 

Cenometra. Perometra. 

The same is, so far as we know, true of the following species: 

Comatella maculata. Stephanometra indica. 
Capillaster multiradvata. Dichrometra flagellata. 


Oligometra serripinna. 

As the south Huropean-northwest African-Antillean division offers 
some striking points of similarity to the attenuated western extremity 
of the Indo-Pacific-Japanese region, as seen in southeast Africa, we 
are justified in supposing that it was originally derived from it by 
passage across what is now central Africa; in other words, that the 
genera characterizing it have moved outward from the East Indian 
region, first southwestward to southeast Africa and then northeast- 
ward to their present habitat. 

The area from Mombasa southward to Cape Colony, and including 
Madagascar, the Seychelles, Réunion, and Mauritius, and the other 
islands as far as the Chagos group may be conveniently known as the 
Southeast African faunal division of the Indo-Pacific-Japanese region. 

Along the coasts of Cape Colony and Natal occurs a comasterid 
(Comanthus wahlbergit) found nowhere else, but closely related to 
Comanthus trichoptera of southern Australia. Although it is asso- 
ciated with tropical forms, and although there are no representatives 
there of the other south Australian species, we must recognize the 
fact that the Cape subdivision is not quite the same faunally as the 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


shores farther north; it is poorer in species, and is modified by the 
intrusion of a south Australian element, just as has been shown in 
the case of many other animals. 

Northeast coast.—The northeast coast of Africa is singularly differ- 
ent in the aspect of its crinoid fauna from the coast to the southward. 
Of strictly comparable species there are only ten, distributed among 
eight genera, of which one is not known from farther south; this is: 


Colobometra. 


All of the genera are purely East Indian; of the species five extend 
to India or beyond; these are: 


Heterometra savignit. Dichrometra protectus. 
Stephanometra marginata. Dichrometra palmata. 
Tropiometra encrinus. 

The fauna of northeast Africa therefore is purely a derivative from 
Kast Indian stock, just as that of southeast Africa is, but a curious 
segregation of the genera and species composing the Indo-Pacific- 
Japanese region has occurred, one set of forms following the coasts 
of the Arabian Sea, the other extending in a southeasterly direction 
toward theCape. While the faunas of the northeast and of the south- 
east coasts differ considerably between themselves, they are both 
about equally related to the general Kast Indian fauna, and the com- 
ponent species of both are remarkable in being in general smaller 
than the corresponding species in the great parent area. 

The shores from Somaliland northward to and including the Réd 
Sea, and thence eastward to the Persian Gulf, may be considered as 
marking the Northeast African faunal division. 

Whether or not the genera Antedon and Leptometra reached their 
present habitat by way of the Arabian Sea—that is, through the 
fauna now occupying the shores of that basin—it is not possible to 
say; Mastigometra and Psathyrometra, their eastern equivalents, occur 
at or near Ceylon, but are known no farther west. They may have 
gone “overland” from India; may have passed along the shores of 
the Arabian Sea (or its ancient homologue) and subsequently died 
out, or, which is much the most likely, they may yet remain to be dis- 
covered between Ceylon and Suez. 

Summary.—The crinoid fauna of the coasts of Africa falls into five 
divisions, as follows: 

1. The Europran division, including the Mediterranean coast, and 
the northwest coast north of Morocco and Madeira; this falls into two 
subdivisions: 

(a) The Mediterranean subdivision, comprising the coast of the 
Mediterranean, and 

(6) The European-Atlantic subdivision, extending on the Atlantic 
coast from Madeira and Morocco northward; 


No. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 15 


2. The Sournh Evuropean-NortHwest AFrRIcAN-ANTILLEAN di- 
vision, extending from Madeira and Morocco northward to the 
Bay of Biscay and westward to and including the Caribbean Sea; 

3. The Wesr ArricaAN SouTH-AMERICAN division, including the 
coast south of Morocco and the opposite coast of Brazil, with the 
intervening islands; 

4. The SoutHEAst ArricaN division, extending from Mombasa to 
Cape Town, and eastward to include Madagascar, the Seychelles, 
Réunion, and Mauritius, and the intervening islands eastward to the 
Chagos archipelago; the southern part of this division, comprising the 
coasts of Cape Colony and Natal, forms the Cape subdivision; and 

5. The Nortueasr AFRICAN division, extending from Somaliland 
northward throughout the Red Sea and eastward to the Persian Gulf. 

The West African-South American division is an attenuated. off- 
shoot from the South European-Northwest African-Antillean divi- 
sion, which itself is derived from the Southeast African division, the 
last the somewhat modified southwestern extremity of the great Indo- 
Pacific-Japanese faunal area. 

The European faunal division is probably an attenuated offshoot 
from the Northeast African division, which itself is the considerably 
modified northwestern extremity of the great Indo-Pacific-Japanese 
faunal area. 


ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES. 
I. COMATULIDS. 


Suborder OLIGOPHREATA. 


Family COMASTERID. 
Subfamily CAPILLASTEHRIN®. 
Genus NEOCOMATELLA A. H. Clark. 
NEOCOMATELLA (new species). 


Actinometra pulchella (part) P. H. Carpenter, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 
12, 1884, p. 369; Challenger Reports, vol. 26, Zoology, 1888, p. 304—K@uHuER 
and Vaney, Bull. du mus. d’hist. nat., 1910, No. 1, p. 32. 
Localities—West of Gibraltar (lat. 35° 56’ N.; long. 7° 06’ W.); 
northeast of the Seine Bank (lat. 34° 57’ N.; long. 11° 57’ W.); off 
Cape Pefias; south of Cape St. Vincent (lat. 35° 26’ N.; long. 9° 09’ 
W.); south of the Canary Islands (lat. 25° 41’ N.; long. 18° 16’ W.). 
Depth.— 228-533 fathoms. 
Bottom temperature.—50.5° Fahr. (one record). 
Bottom.—Clay (one record).* 


1Comatula solaris has been recorded from the east coast of Africa (Zanzibar) by Professor von Martens, 
but the record appears to have been based upon a specimen of T'ropiometra carinata. 


16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


Genus COMATELLA A. H. Clark. 


COMATELLA MACULATA (P. H. Carpenter). 


Actinometra multiradiata Bet, Trans. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), (2), vol. 13, 1909, pt. 
p20: 

Localities.—Salomon, from the reef; Coin Peros. 

Remarks.—The specimen from Salomon, which I examined at the 
British Museum, has twenty-six arms 85 mm. long; the cirri are 
XXI, 15-18. The IIIBr series are all developed externally. Com- 
pared directly with the type of Carpenter's maculata, this specimen is 
found to differ only in having more numerous arms. 


Genus GA PILE AS ME RAW Es Cilarelk. 


CAPILLASTER MULTIRADIATA (Linnzus). 


Asterias pectinata (part) LiInnazus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 663 (reference to 
Petiver). 

Asterias multiradiata Linnm=us, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 663 (type-speci- 
men at Lund, but not references cited). 

Comatula jfimbriata Lamarck, Hist. nat. des animaux sans vertebres, vol. 2, 
1816, p. 535. 

Comatula coccodistoma (Paris Museum MS.) DusarpIn and Hups#, Hist. nat. des 

zoophytes; échinodermes, 1862, p. 208. 

Actinometra coppingert Brut, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1882, p. 535.—Rep. 
Zool. Coll. H. M. S. Alert, 1884, p. 168, pl. 16, fig. B. 

Actinometra multiradiata P. H. Careentrer, Challenger Reports, vol. 26, 1888, 
Zoology, p. 322, pl. 66, figs. 1-3. 

Capillaster multiradiata A. H. CuarK, Vid. Medd. fra den naturhist. Forening i 
Kgbenhavn, 1909, p. 134. 


Localities. Madagascar; Cape St. André, Madagascar. 

Depth.—Littoral, and down to about 30 meters. 

In the Paris Museum there are three specimens of this species from 
Madagascar; one has the cirri XV, 21-23, and nineteen arms, one 
TiBr series being lacking; two of the I1Br series are 2, the remaining 
seven being 4 (3+4); another (Cape St. André; about 30 meters) has 
the cirri XVIII, 21-22, and twelve arms, one ray bearing two II Br 4 
(3 +4) series; the brachials are very short and overlap rather strongly ; 
the third is like the first, and also has nineteen arms; no IIIBr series 
are present. 

Compared directly with a typical example from the Straits of 
Sunda, these three specimens are seen to be smaller and proportionately 
weaker, but otherwise I can find no differences whatever. J1[Br 
series, very common among East Indian specimens, do not occur. 
Very possibly these specimens represent a local permanently small 
race confined to the southeast African, region. If this should prove 
to be the case the name coccodistoma would be applicable to it. 


no. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. Li 


Genus, COMISsIA A. o. Clark. 
COMMISSIA IGNOTA, new species. 
Actinometra Brett, Rep. Zool. Coll. H. M. 8. Alert, 1884, p. 510. 
Actinometra pectinata Brit. Mus. MS. 

Description.—Centrodorsal discoidal, with a flat dorsal pole 1.5mm.— 
2 mm. in diameter. 

Cirri XJI-XV, 9-11 (usually 10-11), 4 mm—5 mm. long; first 
segment short, second not quite so long as broad, the following increas- 
ing in length to the fourth, which is about three times as long as the 
median diameter; the sixth and following are about as long as broad; 
the third and fourth are strongly ‘‘dice-box shaped;”’ the fifth and 
following each bear a minute sharp subterminial tubercle; the shorter 
distal segments are somewhat compressed laterally, and hence appear 
comparatively broad in lateral view; the opposing spine is slight and 
inconspicuous. 

Radials concealed; IBr, well separated, the interradial angle of 
separation being about 90°. 

Ten arms 30 mm.-35 mm. long, resembling in general those of 
Leptonemaster venustus, but proportionately slightly stouter; genital 
glands are developed on the pinnules. 

Locality.— Marie Louise Island, and Isle des Neufs, Amirante group; 
collected by H. M.S. Alert. 

Depth.—17 fathoms. 

Bottom.—Coral. 


Subfamily COMASTHRIN ZX. 
GenwstG ©WAIN aes Az EL Glawrk. 


Subgenus COMANTHUS. 


Specific group BENNETTIA. 
COMANTHUS (BENNETTIA) WAHLBERGII (J. Miiller). 
Comatula coccodistoma (part) Paris Museum MS. 
Alecto wahlbergti J. Miiuter, Archiv fiir Naturgesch., 1843, Heft 1, p. 181. 
Actinometra parvicirra (part) P. H. CarpEnTER, Challenger Reports, vol. 26, 
Zoology, 1888, p. 338.—Bett, Marine Investigations in South Africa, vol. 4, 
pt. 4, p. 141. 


Localities —Port Natal; Simons Bay, Natal; False Bay; Cape of 
Good Hope; Algoa Bay, close to Riy Bank (lat. 33° 58’ S.; long. 
25° 51’ 30’’ E.); Tugela River mouth bearing NW. by W., 34 miles 
distant. 

Depth. —Littoral, and dewn to 25 fathoms. 

Bottom.—Dark sand, black specks, and rocks; rocks. 

Remarks.—Hitherto this species has always been confused with 
the common East Indian Comanthus parvicirra, from which, however, 
it is very sharply separated, not even belonging in the same specific 
group. Its closest affinity is with Comanthus trichoptera of southern 

80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——2 


18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Australia, and its presence at the Cape indicates a connection between 
the crinoid faunas of these two localities similar to that shown in 
many other groups. 

Comanthus wahlbergu is a small stout species with well-developed, 
permanent cirri; these are from XII-XXV, 13-17 (usually about 
XV, 16), about 10 mm. long; from the fifth to the seventh (usually 
the sixth) a transition segment is developed which is usually well 
marked. 

The centrodorsal is thin discoidal, with a broad flat dorsal pole 
4 mm. in diameter, resembling that of C. trichoptera. 

The arms are from thirteen to twenty-one in number (usually 
from sixteen to twenty) and are commonly about 60 mm. long. 
IIIBr series are rare. All the division series are 4 (3+4). The arms 
are short and stout, tapering rapidly, much asin Comatula brachiolata. 
The brachials overlap conspicuously, and the ends of the elements of 
the division series are prominent. The division series are broad and 
are close together laterally. 

One of the specimens which I examined in the British Museum 
(catalogued under the name of Actinometra paucicirra) has thirteen 
pentacrinoids attached to the cirri; these are similar to those of 
Comactima meridionalis and possess seventeen columnars. 


Specific group VALIDIA. 
COMANTHUS (VALIDIA) PARVICIRRA (J. Miiller). 


Alecto parvicirra J. MiuuER, Archiv fiir Naturgesch., 1841, Heft 1, p. 145. 

Alecto timorensis J. Miter, Archiv fiir Naturgesch., 1841, Heft 1, p. 145. 

Comatula brevicirra DusarDIN and Hups, Hist. nat. des zoophytes; échino- 
dermes, 1862, p. 208. 

Comatula simplex DusarpiIn and Hurt, Hist. nat. des zoophytes; échinodermes, 
1862, p. 208. 

Actinometra trachygaster (part) LUrKen, Mus. Godeffr. Cat., vol. 4, 1869, p. 125. 

Actinometra intricata (part) LtrKen, Mus. Godefifr. Cat., vol. 5, 1874, p. 190. 

Comatula mertensi GRUBE, J. B. der schls. Gesellsch. fiir vaterl. Cultur, 1875, p. 74. 

Actinometra armata W. B. CarpEentER, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, vol. 24, 1876, 


p. 451. 

Actinometra polymorpha P. H. CARPENTER, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 13, 
1877, p. 440. 

Actinometra meyert P. H. CarPenter, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 16, 1882, 
p. 525. 


Antedon mertensi Brit, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1882, p. 535. 

Actinometra mutabilis von Grarr, Challenger Reports, vol. 10, Zoology, 1884, p. 18. 

Actinometra annotea BELL, Sci. Trans. Roy. Dublin Soc. (2), vol. 3, 1887, p. 645. 

Actinometra elongata P. H. CarpEntTER, Challenger Reports, vol. 26, Zoology, 
1888, p. 311. 

Actinometra simplex P. H. CARPENTER, Challenger Reports, vol. 26, Zoology, 
1888, p. 312. 

Actinometra quadrata P. H. CarPenter, Challenger Reports, vol. 26, Zoology, 
1888, p. 331. 


No. 1808. REHCENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 19 


Actinometra parvicirra (part) P. H. Carpenter, Challenger Reports, vol. 26, 
Zoology, 1888, p. 338. 

Actinometra rotalaria P. H. CarpENTER, Challenger Reports, vol. 26, Zoology, 
1888, p. 313. 

Actinometra guttata (Liitken MS.) Harriaus, Nova Acta Acad. German., 
vol. 58, No. 1, 1891, p. 96. 

Comatula orientalis A. H. CuarK, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, p. 155. 

Comatula helianthus A. H. Cuarx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, 1908, p. 440. 

Comanthus rotalaria A. H. Cuarx, Smiths. Misc. Coll. (Quarterly Issue), vol. 52, 
pt. 2, 1908, p. 205. 

Comanthus (Comanthus) rotalaria A. H. CuarK, Vid. Medd. fra den naturhist. 
Forening i Kgbenhavn, 1909, p. 144. 


Locality.— Seychelles; two specimens in the British Museum were 
collected by the Sea Lark expedition, under Prof. J. Stanley Gardiner. 

Depth.—34 fathoms. 

Remarks.—In the Berlin Museum there are some immature comas- 
terids from the Seychelles and some others from the Red Sea, the 
latter collected by Dr. R. Hartmeyer, which may belong to this 
species. 

According to the data given by Carpenter in the Challenger report, 
the first available name for this species is Comatula rotalaria of 
Lamarck, Carpenter’s figure of Actinometra rotalaria clearly repre- 
senting this species. Upon examining Lamarck’s types at the Paris 
Museum, however, I found that his rotalaria is the species called 
Actinometra jukesw by Carpenter and Actinometra paucicirra by Bell, 
so that Miiller’s parvicirra becomes the earliest available name for 
the present form. 

Miiller’s Alecto wahlbergiti must be eliminated from the synonymy 
of Comanthus parvicirra, in which it was included by Carpenter, as 
it has proved to be quite a different thing, a species related to C. 
trichoptera of southern Australia and not to C. parvicirra at all. 


COMANTHUS (? species). 


Locality—Cape St. André, Madagascar. 

Depth.—About 30 meters. 

Remarks.—Dr. P. R. Joly dredged in 1901 a single small specimen, 
undergoing adolescent autotomy, of some species of Comanthus. 
The cirri are XIIT, 13-14; there are twenty-three arms; one of the 
internal IUBr series is 2, all the other division series being 4 (8+4). 
The rays bear 4 (3+1), 5 (1+ 4), 5 (4+1), 2, and 7 (4+3) arms respec- 
tively. The cirri are rather more developed than is usual in C. 
parvicirra, with which the specimen otherwise agrees fairly well, and 
are rather more compressed and curved distally. The interradial 
perisome is strongly plated. 


20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. 


COMANTHUS (3 species). 
Actinometra cumingit Brit. Mus. MS. 

Locality.—Mauritius. 

Remarks.—There are two small comasterids in the British Museum 
from Mauritius, one with thirteen, the other with fourteen arms, 
which are very close to, if not the same thing as, Comanthus 
parvicura. 


Family HIMEROMETRIDE. 


Subfamily HIMBROMHBTRIN 2«. 
Genus AMPHIMETRA A. H. Clark. 


AMPHIMETRA AFRICANA, new species. 


Description.—Centrodorsal, thin-discoidal, broad, the flat polar 
area being 4 mm. in diameter; cirrus sockets in a single more or less 
irregular closely crowded marginal row. 

Cirri XXIII, 29-32 (usually 30), 20 mm. to 23 mm. long; first seg- 
ment short, the following gradually increasing in letigth to the seventh 
or eighth, which is about as long as broad; following similar, after the 
eleventh or twelfth very gradually decreasing in length so that the 
terminal segments are about one-third broader than long; tenth or 
eleventh (usually the latter) and following bearing long and promi- 
nent dorsal spines which begin abruptly; the cirri do not taper 
distally. 

Radials entirely concealed; IBr, very short, bandlike, in apposition 
laterally; IBr, short, two and one-half times as broad as long, the 
lateral edges not so long as those of the [Br,, in apposition; [1Br 4 
(3+4) (eight I[Br series are present; the other arms are broken off 
before the first syzygy); IBr, I[Br, and first brachials in close lateral 
apposition and sharply flattened against each other; sides of [Br and 
IIBr series slightly produced; synarthrial tubercles obsolete. 

Nineteen (? twenty) arms (in the type) apparently about 125 mm. 
long; first brachial short, slightly wedge shaped, twice as broad as 
long exteriorly, interiorly united; second brachial slightly larger and 
more obliquely wedge shaped; third and fourth (syzygial pair) 
slightly longer interiorly than exteriorly, twice as broad as long 
interiorly ; following four or five brachials oblong, three times as broad 
as long, then becoming obliquely wedge shaped, twice as broad as 
long, and gradually less obliquely wedge shaped, after the end of the 
proximal half of the arm being practically oblong and very short. 

P, 12.5 mm. long, slender, flagellate distally, with twenty-nine seg- 
ments, at first twice as broad as long, becoming about as long as 
broad on the eighth and nearly twice as long as broad terminally; 
second and following segments with a sharp carinate ridge with the 
crest parallel to the axis of the pinnule, which gradually becomes less 


NO. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 21 


marked, disappearing on the tenth segment; P, 15 mm. long, consid- 
erably stouter than P, and not tapering so rapidly distally, with 
twenty-five segments, at first short, becoming about as long as broad 
on the eighth or tenth, and twice as long as broad terminally; from 
the fourth segment there runs outward on the outer side of the 
pinnule just distal to the medio-dorsal line a prominent narrow ridge 
which continues almost to the tip; there is a similar but less marked 
ridge on P,; second and following segments rather sharply, but not 
highly, carinate; P, similar to P., slightly longer, about the same size, 
or slightly shorter and smaller; P, 7 mm. long, rather stout, though 
much smaller than P,, tapering evenly to the tip, with fifteen seg- 
ments which become about as long as broad on the eighth; the second- 
eighth are rather strongly carinate; P, similar, but more slender, 6 
mm. long, with only the second-sixth seements carinate; the following 
pinnules gradually lose the basal carnation, become more slender, 
and increase in length, reaching 8 mm. distally. 

The color is brownish purple. 

Localities —Bagamoyo, German East Africa; the type is No. 4616, 
Berlin Museum. 

Zanzibar; a smaller specimen in the British Museum has the 
cirri XVI, 25-27, but is otherwise similar. 

Waxin; I also found in the British Museum a specimen (labeled 
“ Actinometra sp.’”’) from Waxin, south of Mombasa. This specimen 
has twenty-three arms 120 mm. long, the I1Br series being 4 (3+ 4) 
and the IIIBr series being 2; the cirri are XX, 27; long, sharp dor- 
sal spines are developed from the tenth segment onward. Compared 
directly with a specimen of H. savigni the cirri are seen to be more 
spiny, the spines commencing nearer the centrodorsal, and the 
proximal pinnules are seen to be larger. 

Remarks.—This species comes nearest to Amphimetra philibertr 
from the East Indies, but it is a smaller and less rugged form with 
fewer arms and much more spiny cirri. 


Genus CRASPEDOMETRA A. H. Clark. 


CRASPEDOMETRA ATER, new species. 


Antedon ludovici Berlin Mus. MS. 

Description.—Centrodorsal thick discoidal, the bare polar area 
slightly convex, 4 mm. in diameter; cirrus sockets in one and a partial 
second crowded and irregular marginal row. 

Cirri XXIT, 32-36, 30 mm. to 33 mm. long, stout, not tapering dis- 
tally ; first seement short, the following gradually increasing in length 
to the fifth or sixth, which, with the remainder, is about half again 
as broad as long; on the fifteenth or sixteenth the middle of the distal 
dorsal edge becomes prominent, this after one or two more segments 
becoming a prominent rather high rounded carination of the entire 


22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


median dorsal line; distally this carination gradually narrows antero- 
posteriorly so that on the last four or five segments preceding the 
penultimate there is only a blunt median spine; opposing spine usually 
rather longer and sharper than the spines on the preceding segments, 
terminal or subterminal, directed obliquely forward, half as long as 
the lateral diameter of the penultimate segment; terminal claw some- 
what longer than the penultimate segment, stout and strongly curved 
basally but becoming straighter and more slender in the distal two- 
thirds. 

Radials almost entirely concealed in the median line, but visible as 
a very low broad triangle in the angles of the calyx; Br, very short, 
bandlike, five or six times as broad as long, in close apposition later- 
ally; IBr, very broadly pentagonal, twice as broad as long; I1Br 4 
(3+4), well rounded dorsally; ossicles of the [Br and TB: series as 
far as Pp in lateral apposition, though not ere flattened; syn- 
arthrial tubercles obsolete. 

Fourteen arms (in the type) about 160 mm. long; first brachial 
very short, slightly wedge shaped, almost entirely Paired interiorly ; 
second brachial larger, more obliquely wedge shaped; third and fourth 
(syzygial pair) oblong, two and one-half to three times as broad as 
long; following five or six brachials oblong, three to four times as 
boced as lone, then becoming wedge shaped, moderately oblique, 
about three times as broad as long, soon gradually becoming less and 
less oblique, in the outer part of the arm being very short, three or 
three and a half times as broad as long, only slightly wedge shaped. 

Py 11 mm. long with thirty-three segments, moderately stout 
proximally but rapidly tapering and becoming very slender and 
flagellate in the distal half; segments at first nearly three times as 
broad as long, but gradually increasing in length and becoming 
nearly or quite:as long as broad in the distal third; P, 13 mm. long 
with twenty-six segments, considerably stouter than Pp and tapering 
much less rapidly; the second-eighth segments are strongly carinate; 
P, 22 mm. long with thirty segments, similar in general to P, though 
much larger and stouter and tapering less rapidly ; proximal segments 
broad, becoming about as long as broad on the tenth or twelfth and 
remaining so until near the tip; the second-fifth segments are strongly 
carinate ; an 13 mm. long, much smaller and more slender than P,; 
Ve, comenrat smaller than P,; P; 9 mm. long, somewhat smaller (ihe 
P,; the proximal carination occurs on the onal: sixth segments; the 
following pinnules very slowly become more slender, at the same 
time gradually increasing in length; the distal pinnules are 10 mm. 
long; the distal carination of the proximal segments, which is very 
marked on the earlier pinnules, gradually becomes less and less 
marked, involving fewer and fewer segments; it is but slightly evident 
beyond P,p. 

The color is a uniform purplish or violet black. 


wo. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 23 


Locality.—Red Sea; the type, which is No. 1055, Berlin Museum, 
was collected by Hempricht and Ehrenberg. 

Remarks.—The stout short-segmented cirri which do not taper 
distally, and the uniformly large size of P,, which is much larger than 
P,, at once distinguish this species from all others in the genus. 


CRASPEDOMETRA MADAGASCARENSIS, new species. 


Description.—Centrodorsal thick-discoidal, the bare polar area 
slightly convex, 4 mm. in diameter; cirri arranged in two closely 
crowded irregular marginal rows. 

Cirri XVI, 34-36, 25 mm. to 30 mm. long, stout basally, tapering 
slightly in the proximal half; first segment short, the following slowly 
increasing in length to the eighth or tenth, which is slightly broader 
than long to one-third broader than long, the distal segments being 
slightly shorter again; from the eleventh-fifteenth (usually about the 
fourteenth) onward small but prominent dorsal spines are developed; 
opposing spine larger than the spine on the preceding segment, tri- 
angular, the apex subterminal, arising from the whole dorsal surface 
of the penultimate segment, and equal in height to about one-half of 
its lateral diameter; terminal claw somewhat longer than the penulti- 
mate segment, moderately slender, especially in the distal two-thirds, 
rather strongly curved proximally but becoming straighter distally. 

Radials concealed; [Br, very short, bandlike, in apposition later- 
ally; IBr, very broadly pentagonal, twice as broad as long, the lateral 
edges only half as long as those of the [Br,; I[Br 4(8+4); IBr and 
IIBr series and first brachials in close lateral apposition and laterally 
flattened; these flattened lateral edges are moderately produced; syn- 
arthrial tubercles obsolete. 

Sixteen arms (in the type) 130 mm. long; first brachial slightly 
wedge shaped, twice as broad as long exteriorly, entirely united interi- 
orly; second brachial about the same size, but more obliquely wedge 
shaped; third and fourth (syzygial pair) slightly longer interiorly than 
exteriorly, twice as broad as the exterior length; next three or four 
brachials oblong, three times as broad as long, then becoming very 
obliquely wedge shaped, twice as broad as long, after the proximal 
fourth of the arm gradually becoming less obliquely wedge shaped, 
but never oblong; eighth and ninth and following with slightly pro- 
duced distal edges, this character gradually dying away after the 
middle of the arm. 

P, slender, becoming very delicate in the distal half, 10 mm. long 
with twenty-six to twenty-eight segments, the first short, the follow- 
ing gradually increasing in length so that the eighth and following. 
are about as long as broad; the second-fourth are rather strongly, 
carinate. 


24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Py 9.5 mm. long, more slender than P,, with thirty-two segments, 
tapering more rapidly from the base and therefore more slender in its 
outer portion; earlier segments short, becoming about as long as 
broad on the twelfth and following; second-fourth segments strongly 
carinate, the following narrowly carinate to about the middle of the 
pinnule; P, 12 mm. long, very slightly stouter basally than P, but 
tapering much more gradually, so appearing considerably stouter, 
with twenty-seven segments, which become about as long as broad 
on the sixth and from one-third to one-half again as long as broad 
distally; P, similar to P,, but very slightly larger and longer; P,8 mm. 
long, resembling P, and P,, but tapering more rapidly and therefore 
more slender in the distal half; P; 6 mm. long, small and weak, with 
sixteen segments, all but the outermost broader than long; following 
pinnules similar, gradually increasing in length and inthelength of the 
component segments, the distal pinnules being exceedingly slender, 8 
mm.long. On the large lower pinnules the second-fifth segments are 
rather strongly carinate; this decreases rather rapidly distally, being 
soon confined to the second-fourth and then to the second-third, dis- 
appearing at the end of the proximal fourth of the arm. 

The color is brownish white, the cirri being lighter and tinged with 
purple. 

Locality.—Madagascar; the type, which is No. 5348 Berlin Museum, 
was collected by Doctor Voeltzkow. 


Genus HETEROMETRA A. H. Clark. 
HETEROMETRA SAVIGNII (J. Miiller). 


Comatula muitiradiata AupouIN, in Saviany, Description de l’Egypte, 1817, 
p. 205, pl. 1, fig. I, 1-6 —Lrucxart, Isis, vol. 5, 1839, p. 612.—von GrarFr, 
Das Genus Myzostoma, 1877, pp. 2, 22; Challenger Reports, vol. 10, Zool- 
ogy, 1884, p. 32. 

Comatula, sp. LEucKART, Zeitschr. fiir organ. Physik, vol. 3, 1833, Heft 4, p. 387. 

Comatula adeone DE BLAINVILLE, Manuel d’ Actinologie (1834), 1836, pl. 26, figs. 
1-5 (but not p. 249). 

Alecto savignit J. Mtituer, Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 1841, Heft I, p. 144 (Red 
Sea). 

Antedon savignyi Lupwia, in KossmMan, Reise nach dem Rothen Meer, vol. 5, 
1880, p. 4.—P. H. Carpenter, Challenger Reports, vol. 26, Zoology, 1888, pp. 
55, 252, 253, 255, 263, 366, 380.—Hartiaus, Nova Acta Acad. German., vol. 
58, 1891, No. 1, pl. 2, fig. 20.—Cuapwick, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 31, 
1908, p. 47. 

Heterometra savignit A. H. CuarK, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 22, 1909, p. 11. 


Localities.—‘Red Sea;” Gulf of Suez; Suez Bay; Ul Shubuk; Khor 
Shinab; Tor; Salaka. 

This species ranges eastward as far as Muscat and Kurrachi. 

Depth.—Littoral, and down to 12 fathoms. 


NO. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 25 


HETEROMETRA JOUBINI, new species. 


- Deseription—Curi XXII, 39-43, 30 mm. long; the segments are 
all subequal, about half again as broad as long; those in the outer 
half of the cirrus bear short dorsal spines. The cirri as a whole are 
comparatively long and moderately stout. 

Twenty arms 80 mm. long; ten IIBr 4 (3+4) series are present. 
The arm divisions and the arm structure are as in H. reynaudii of 
Ceylon. 

P, is the longest, half again as long as P, or P,, slender, with 21 
segments, which become squarish on the fourth or fifth, then some- 
what longer than broad, and elongate terminally; P, is about as long 
as P,; P, and the following pinnules are shorter than P,. The lower 
segments of the proximal pinnules are moderately carinate. 

Compared directly with the type of H. reynaudit, this species is 
seen to differ in its longer and somewhat more slender cirri, which 
have slightly longer segments. 

Locality—Zanzibar; the type, which is in the Paris Museum, was 
collected by M. Rousseau in 1841. Dr. P. H. Carpenter examined 
the specimen on his visit to Paris, and noted it as representing a new 
species, though he never mentioned it in print. 


HETEROMETRA GRAVIERI, new species. 


Deseription.—Cirri XXVIII, 36-39, 21 mm. long, more slender 
than those of the preceding species; first segment short, the following 
gradually increasing in length to the fifth or sixth, which is from one- 
third to one-half again as broad as long, and after the eighth or ninth 
beginning to decrease again, so that those in the outer half are about 
twice as broad as long; the segments in the outer half of the cirri 
bear short dorsal spines. 

Nineteen arms 80 mm. long, nine I[Br 4 (3 +4) series being present ; 
the arm structure resembles that of the preceding species; the division 
series have produced lateral margins; the brachials are only very 
slightly overlapping. 

P, small and weak; P, half again as long as P,, slender, and flagel- 
late distally, with 24 segments, of which the second-fifth are carinate ; 
P, slightly smaller than P,, but much larger than P,; P, about as 
large as P,; following pinnules slightly shorter than P,; the proximal 
segments of all the lower pinnules are distinctly carinate. 

As a whole this species is slightly more slender and delicate than 
the preceding, though of the same size. 

Locality — Zanzibar; the type, which is in the Paris Museum, was 
collected by M. Rousseau in 1841. Dr. P. H. Carpenter also noted 
this species as new and as different from the preceding. 


26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Subfamily STHPHANOMETRIN &. 
Genus STEPHANOMETRA A. H. Clark. 


STEPHANOMETRA MARGINATA (P. H. Carpenter). 


Antedon marginata P. H. CarPENTER, Challenger Reports, vol. 26, Zoology, 1888, 
p. 230, pl. 40.—CHapwicx, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 31, 1908, p. 45. 
Stephanometra marginata A. H. Cuarx, Vid. Medd. fra den naturhist. Forening i 
Kgbenhavn, 1909, p. 169; Amer. Naturalist, vol. 43, p. 255. 
Locality.— Suez Bay. 
This species is otherwise known from Ceylon, Singapore, and the 
Philippine Islands. 
Depth.—10 fathoms. Other records of depth range from littoral 
down to 30 fathoms. 
Remarks.—Mr. Chadwick has expressed some doubt in regard to the 
correctness of his identification of his two small and imperfect speci- 
mens from Suez, and I must confess to sharing his doubts. 


STEPHANOMETRA INDICA (Smith). 


Comatula indica Smita, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), vol. 17, 1879, p. 406; Philos. 
Trans. Roy. Soc., vol. 168, p. 564, pl. 51, figs. 3, 36 (but not 3a). 

Stephanometra indica A. H. CuarK, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 22, 1909, 
p. 10. ‘ 

Antedon palmata Bett, Trans. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), (2), vol. 13, 1909, pt. 1, p. 20. 


Localities —Rodriguez; Madagascar; Seychelles; north reef, Far- 
quhar Atoll. 

This species has also been reported from Ceylon, the Maldive 
Islands (under the name of Actinometra maculata), and the Bay of 
Bengal. 

Depth.—Littoral, and down to 34 fathoms. 

Remarks.—A specimen from Madagascar collected by M. Grandidier 
in 1905 has the cirri XXX, 20-22, smooth, the sixth segment the 
longest, about half again as long as broad; the last ten segments are 
half again as broad as long; the longer segments are slightly con- 
stricted centrally; there are about twenty-five arms; the II/Br 
series are developed in all cases internally instead of externally, as 
usual in the species; P, is long, stiff and spinelike, with about sixteen 
segments. Stephanometra indica might aptly be described as S. 
monacantha with P, much elongated and more delicate and flagellate 
distally. 


Subfamily MARIAMBETRIN 4. 
Genus DICHROMETRA A. H. Clark. 
DICHROMETRA PROTECTUS (Liitken). 


Antedon protectus LiitkKEN, Mus. Godeffroy Cat., vol. 5, 1874, p. 190 (nomen 
nudum).—LitKen, in P. H. Carpenter, Trans. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), (2) vol. 2, 
1879, p. 19. 


No. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK, 27 


Antedon imparipinna P. H. CARPENTER, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 16, 1882, 
p. 502.—Cuapwick, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 31, 1908, p. 46. 
Dichrometra protectus A. H. CuarK, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 22, 1909, 
p. 18; Vid. Medd. fra den naturhist. Forening i Kgbenhavn, 1909, p. 172. 
Localities.—Suez Bay; Suakim Harbor. 
This species ranges eastward to Hongkong, the Philippines, Fiji, 


and Tonga. 
DICHROMETRA PALMATA (J. Miiller). 


?Caput- Meduse cinereum Lincx, De stellis marinis, 1733, p. 57, pl. 21, No. 33. 


Comatula leucomelas (Riippel MS.) Leucxart, Zeitschr. fiir organ. Physik, vol. 3, 
1833, Heft 4, pp. 387, 390 (nomen nudum). 

Alecto palmata J. MtiuuER, Archiv fiir Naturgesch., 1841, Heft 1, p. 144. 
Comatula scita Paris Museum MS.—Dusarpin and Hur, Hist. nat. des 
zoophytes; échinodermes, 1862, p. 208. : 
Comatula palmata VON MARTENS, in von der Decken’s Reise in Ost-Africa, vol. 3, 

1869; p. 129. 

Antedon palmata Bet, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1882, pp. 533, 534.—HarTLaus, 
Nova Acta Acad. German., vol. 58, 1891, No. 1, p. 49.—CHapwicx, Journ. 
Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 31, 1908, p. 47. 

Antedon leucomelas (Riippel MS.) Hartriaus, Nova Acta Acad. German., vol. 58, 
1891, No. 1, p. 51. 

Dichrometra palmata A. H. CuarxK, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 22, 1909, 
p. 13. 


Localities —‘‘Red Sea;” coral reef of Misharif Island, Khor Don- 
gola; between tide marks at Suez. 
This species ranges eastward to the Tonga Islands. 


Depth.—Littoral. 


DICHROMETRA (? species). 

Locality —Cape St. André, Madagascar; Zanzibar. 

Depth—About 30 meters. 

Remarks.—In the Paris Museum there are two young examples of 
some species of Dichrometra from Madagascar. One specimen has 
exactly twenty arms, one I] Br series being present and one I1Br 
series absent; the other also has about twenty arms. The species 
represented is related to D. palmata, though apparently different. 
There is a similar specimen in the British Museum from Zanzibar. 


DICHROMETRA (? species). 
Locality.—Zanzibar. 
Remarks—The British Museum contains a young specimen of 
some species of Dichrometra, near D. flagellata, from Zanzibar. 


DICHROMETRA KLUNZINGERI (Hartlaub). 


Antedon klunzingeri Hartiaus, Nachr. Ges. Gottingen, Mai 1890, p. 175; Nova 
Acta Acad. German., vol. 58, 1891, No. 1, p. 46, pl. 2, figs. 22, 25. 
Dichrometra klunzingert A. H. CuarK, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 22, 1909, 
10q Ll}- 
Locality.— Koseir; Ras-el-Millan, Red Sea. 
Depth.—Littoral. 


28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


DICHROMETRA FLAGELLATA (J. Miiller). 


Alecto flagellata J. MiuueR, Archiv fiir Naturgesch., 1841, Heft 1, p. 145. 
Antedon flagellata Lupwie, Senck. naturforsch. Ges., vol. 21, 1899, Heft 4, p. 538. 
Dichrometra flagellata A. H. CuarK, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 22, 1909, 
p. 13. 
Localities—Reef opposite the harbor of Lamu; Zanzibar. 
Depth.—Littoral. 
This species ranges eastward to Singapore, New Guinea, and 


Amboina. 
Family COLOBOMETRIDA. 


Genus CENOMETRA A. H. Clark. 
CENOMETRA EMENDATRIX (Bell). 
Antedon emendatriz BELL, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) vol. 9, 1892, p. 428, pl. 18. 
Antedon spicata BELL, Trans. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), (2), vol. 13, 1909, pt. 1, p. 20. 

Description.—Centrodorsal low hemispherical or thick discoidal, 
the sides strongly inclined, about 4 mm. in diameter; dorsal pole very 
slightly concave, small; cirrus sockets arranged in two crowded and 
irregular rows. 

Cirri XVIII, 28-33 (usually nearer the latter), comparatively slender, 
15 mm. to 20 mm. long; first cirrus segment short, the following 
gradually increasing in length to the fourth which, with the follow- 
ing, is about half again as broad as long; the penultimate and ante- 
penultimate segments are about as long as broad; after the eighth the 
distal dorsal edge begins to project slightly, this projection after the 
sixteenth becoming a pair of small, though prominent, dorsal spines 
situated close together, one on either side of the median line; on the 
antepenultimate segment only a single median small spine is found; 
in the terminal third of the cirrus the paired dorsal spines, which at 
first were near the distal dorsal edge of the segments, have moved to 
a median position; opposing spme long and prominent, reaching 
somewhat over half the diameter of the penultimate segment in 
height, arising from nearly or quite the entire dorsal surface of that 
segment, the apex subterminal or median; terminal claw about as 
long as the penultimate segment, rather stout basally, but abruptly 
decurved and comparatively slender in its distal half. 

Radials four or five times as broad as long, their interior angles 
slightly separated; IBr, oblong, twice as broad as long; IBr, (axil- - 
lary) nearly or quite as long as broad, pentagonal, with a slight 
transverse median constriction; IiBr 2, resembling the IBr; the divi- 
sion series and first brachials bear comparatively short, though thick, 
ventrolateral processes; the division series are well separated. 

Seventeen arms 90 mm. long, comparatively slender and delicate, 
increasing slightly in width to the twelfth or fourteenth brachials, 
then gradually tapering distally; first two brachials subequal, wedge- 
shaped, about twice as broad as long exteriorly, the first interiorly 


No. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 29 


united for about the proximal two-thirds; third and fourth brachials 
(syzygial pair) slightly longer than broad to slightly broader than 
long; following three to five or six brachials oblong, about twice as 
broad as long, then becoming very obliquely wedge-shaped, almost 
triangular, half again as broad as long, and in the distal part of the 
arm nearly or quite as broad as long; there is a slight development 
of small spines along the distal edges of the brachials. Syzygies 
occur between the third and fourth brachials, again between the 
twenty-first and twenty-second to thirtieth and thirty-first, and dis- 
tally at intervals of from-nine to twenty-five (usually about fourteen) 
oblique muscular articulations. 

P, small, slender, and weak, 5 mm. or 6 mm. long, with 18 or 20 
seoments, of which the second, third, and fourth bear broad carinate 
processes; first four segments broader than long, the fifth about as 
long as broad, the following slightly longer than broad, becoming 
about half again as long as broad distally; P, stout and stiff, 9 mm. 
long, with fifteen to eighteen segments, and much the largest pinnule 
on the arm, though not nearly so stout as in most of the allied species; 
the first two or three segments are broader than long, the following 
about as long as broad, distally slightly longer than broad; the distal 
ends of the segments are slightly produced and finely spinous, espec- 
ially in the outer part; following pinnules small and weak, 4 mm. 
long, with eleven segments, the first two broader than long, the third 
about as long as broad, the following slowly increasing in length, 
becoming half again as long as broad distally; distal pinnules very 
slender, 9 mm. long, with twenty segments, which become twice as 
long as broad or somewhat longer distally. 

The color is purple, the cirri and P, yellow, the remaining pinnules 
white. 

Localities.—Mauritius; Seychelles. 

Depth.—Littoral, and down to 39 fathoms. 

Remarks.—This redescription is based upon a fine specimen in the 
Berlin Museum. The whole animal is very slender, which, with the 
strong carination of the lower pinnules, makes this species an easy 
one to recognize. 

A fine series of eight specimens, four from Mauritius (the types) 
and four from the Seychelles (Sea Lark expedition) show that the 
arms vary from twelve to twenty-two in number, though the former 
is only found in young examples; the usual number appears to be 
between fifteen and twenty. The arm division is always external as 
in the other species of Cenometra. The arms are from 90 mm. to 100 
mm.long. The cirri are XIV—-XX, 32-41 (usually about 35); P, is, 
for the genus, comparatively slender, and possesses from nineteen to 
twenty-one segments. The strong carination of the earlier segments 
of the proximal pinnules make this species an easy one to recognize. 


30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Genus COLOBOMETRA 4A. H. Clark. 
COLOBOMETRA CHADWICEI, new species. 


Antedon serripinna CHapwick, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 31, 1908, p. 44 
(Suez Bay). 
? Oligometra serripinna A. H. CLarx, Amer. Naturalist, vol. 43, 1909, p. 255. 


Description.—Centrodorsal thin discoidal, the polar area broad and 
flat, 2 mm. in diameter; cirrus sockets arranged in a single closely 
crowded marginal row. 

Cirri XVI, 22-24, 12 mm. to 14 mm. long; first segment short, the 
following gradually increasing in length to the third or fourth which, 
with the remainder, is about as long as broad; second and following 
segments with the distal dorsal edge produced into a finely spinous 
transverse ridge which gradually becomes crescentic, in dorsal view, 
then V-shaped, on the tenth segment parting in the middle and on 
the last four or five before the antepenultimate becoming a pair of 
small erect median spines; antepenultimate segment with a single 
median spine; the dorsal processes are rather high, reaching about 
one-quarter of the lateral diameter of the segments; opposing spine 
large and prominent, triangular, terminal, arising from the whole 
dorsal surface of the penultimate segment, and one-half as high as 
that segment; terminal claw slightly longer than the penultimate seg- 
ment, stout, strongly curved basally, but becoming straighter dis- 
tally; the distal ventral edge of the cirrus segments is slightly 
produced and very finely spinous. 

Radials even with the edge of the centrodorsal; I[Br, oblong, slightly 
over twice as broad as long, not in contact basally; IBr, long, pen- 
tagonal, about as long as broad, the lateral edges nearly or quite as 
long as those of the IBr,. 

Ten arms about 90 mm. long; first two brachials subequal, slightly 
wedge-shaped, the first about twice as broad as the median length, 
interiorly united for its proximal half or two-thirds, the distal halves 
of the inner edge diverging at a right angle; the second is somewhat 
longer; third and fourth (syzygial pair) about as long as broad; fol- 
lowing five or six approximately oblong, about twice as broad as long, 
then becoming triangular, as long as broad, and distally wedge-shaped, 
about as long as broad, longer than broad terminally; [Br series and 
brachials in the proximal fourth of the arm with a faint narrow 
median keel; proximal triangular brachials with slightly produced 
distal ends. 

P, absent; P, 7.5 mm. to 8 mm. long, very slender, evenly tapering 
from the base to the tip with sixteen segments, the first broader than 
long, the second about as long as broad, the following gradually 
increasing in length, after the seventh being three times as long as 
broad; the outer segments have slightly spinous distal ends; P, 


no. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 31 


13 mm. long, slender (though stouter than P,), especially distally, 
with twenty or twenty-one segments, the first not quite so long as 
broad, the second slightly longer than broad, the following increasing 
in length, so that the fourth and following are between two and five 
times as long as broad; fourth or fifth and following segments with 
the distal edge and the distal ventro-lateral border prominently 
everted and spinous as in the other species of the genus, though the 
production is not quite so much as usual; the dorsal (outer) portion 
of the outer edge of the segments is not produced; P, 7.5 mm. long, 
as slender as P, but stiffened, with fifteen segments resembling those 
of P,; P, 6.5 mm. long, with sixteen segments, resembling P,, though 
slightly more slender; P,; 6 mm. long, slightly more slender and less 
stiffened than P,, but with the same number of segments; following 
pinnules resembling P,, soon slowly increasing in length, slenderness, 
and length of the component segments. 

The color is deep violet, with the cirri a purplish flesh color. 

Locality.—Suez Bay; the type is Cat. No. 27509, U.S.N.M. 

Depth.—10 fathoms. 


Genus DECAMETRA A. H. Clark. 
DECAMETRA MOBIUSI, new species. 


Description.—Centrodorsal small, thin-discoidal; cirrus sockets 
arranged in a single, somewhat irregular, marginal row. 

Cirri XIV, 14-16, 7 mm. long; first segment short, the following 
gradually increasing in length to the sixth, which, with the following, 
is about as long as broad; on the fourth a slight projection of the 
distal dorsal edge begins to appear; this moves progressively ante- 
riorly, on the ninth and following becoming a low, short transverse 
median ridge, appearing as a small spine in lateral view, and on the 
last two or three segments a small median spine; opposing spine 
median in position, slender and sharp, much longer than the processes 
on the preceding segments, in height equal to about half the diameter 
of the penultimate segment; opposing spine longer than the penul- 
timate segment, stout and comparatively slightly curved basally, 
but becoming more slender and more strongly curved in the distal 
half. 

Radials projecting slightly beyond the centro-dorsal, the distal 
interradial angles widely separated; IBr, oblong, about two and 
one-half times as broad as long; [Br, (axillary) broadly pentagonal, 
about twice as broad as long. 

Ten arms 50 mm. long, resembling those of C. studeri. 

P, 4.5 mm. long, slender, evenly tapering, and becoming flagellate 
distally with about thirteen segments, the first short, the second and 
third about as long as broad, the following gradually increasing in 
length, becoming about twice as long as broad distally, but shorter 


32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


again terminally; P, 5 mm. long, stouter and stiffer than P, (the 
largest pinnule on the arm), with eleven or twelve segments; first 
segment about twice as broad as long, second almost or quite as long 
as broad, the following gradually increasing in length, being twice 
as long as broad in the distal half of the pinnule; the distal edges of 
the second and following pinnule segments are slightly everted and 
finely spinous, and the dorsal distal angles of the segments are pro- 
duced in the form of a short blunt process tipped with a tuft of fine 
spines; P, 3 mm. long, with about twelve segments proportioned as 
in P,; the pinnule is slightly less stout basally than P,, and is shorter, 
weaker, and more slender than that pinnule; following pinnules 
similar, soon gradually increasing in length and becoming more 
slender, the distal pinnules being about 6 mm. long with about 
eighteen much elongated segments, and exceedingly slender. 

The color is light yellowish, the primibrachs, a narrow band at the 
level of the second syzygy, and a few ill-defined bands in the distal 
portion of the arms, purple; perisome brown; cirri and P, straw yellow. 

Locality —Mauritius; the type, which is in the Berlin Museum, was 
collected by Prof. K. Mébius. 


DECAMETRA MODICA, new species. 


Description.—Centrodorsal small, discoidal, with a very small dorsal 
pole; cirrus sockets arranged in two closely crowded irregular rows. 

Cirri XITV-XVI, 16-20, 8 mm. long; first seement short, the fol- 
lowing slowly increasing in length and becoming terminally about as 
long as broad; third and following with slightly produced distal 
dorsal edges which gradually become narrower and move to a more 
central position, on the last five or six segments preceding the penul- 
timate becoming a very small sharp median spine; opposing spine 
prominent, sharp, slender, subterminal, directed obliquely forward, 
much larger than the spines on the preceding segments, in height 
equal to one-half the lateral diameter of the penultimate segment. 

Radials short, about two and one-half times as broad as long; 
IBr, oblong, rather more than twice as broad as long; [Br, pentagonal, 
broader. than long, the distal edges slightly thickened. 

Ten arms 35 mm. to 40 mm. long, resembling those of D. informs, 
but the brachials are slightly longer. 

P, 3.5 mm. long, with eleven or twelve segments, the first short, the 
second about as long as broad, the following slowly increasing in 
length and becoming three times as long as broad terminally; the 
pinnule is comparatively stout and resembles P,, though, in direct 
proportion to its lesser length, smaller; P, 4.5 mm. long with thirteen 
segments, the first short, the second about as long as broad, the fol- 
lowing gradually increasing in length and becoming twice as long as 
broad distally; third and following segments with slightly projecting 


NO. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 38 


and finely spinous distal edges, especially along the thin ventral distal 
border; P, 3 mm. long, much smaller and weaker and much less stiff 
than P,, with ten segments; following pinnules similar, slowly becom- 
ing longer and more slender, the component segments slowly increas- 
ing in length; distal pinnules very slender, 5 mm. long. 

The color is light pinkish narrowly and sparsely banded with deep 
purple, or entirely deep purple. 

Locality —Bagamoyo, German East Africa. 


DECAMETRA ALAUDZ&, new species. 


Description.—Cirri XV, 26, small and slender, all the segments 
subequal, about twice as broad as long. 

Ten arms, 90 mm. long resembling those of D. taprobanes, to which 
this species appears to be most closely related. 

P, absent; P, slender and flagellate, 8 mm. long with 21 squarish 
segments; P, much larger, stouter, and stiffer, 11 mm. long, tapering 
very gradually, with 16 segments, the fifth-seventh half again as 
long as broad, the remainder squarish or broader than long; from 
the fourth outward the segments have projecting distal edges and 
distal angles so that the pinnule as a whole reminds one strongly 
of P, in the genus Cenometra; P, is similar to P, but smaller and 
much more slender and flagellate distally, 10 mm. long, with 19 
segments; P, and the following pinnules are 6 mm. long, small, 
weak, and slender; the distal pinnules are very slender, 10 mm. 
long. 

Locality—Cargados Carajos; the type, which is in the British 
Museum, was collected by Prof. J. Stanley Gardiner on the Sea Lark 
expedition. Another specimen from the same locality is probably 
referable to this species, though P, is more slender. 

Depth.—30 fathoms. 


Genus) OLIGO MED RATA. He Clark: 


OLIGOMETRA SERRIPINNA, var. OCCIDENTALIS, new variety. 


Antedon serripinna P. H. Carpenter, Notes from the Leyden Museum, vol. 3, 
1881, p. 182.—Hartiaus, Nova Acta Acad. German., vol. 58, 1891, No. 1, 
p. 82, pl. 5, fig. 48. 

Ogouetra serripinna A. H. CLarKk, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 21, 1908, 
p. 126. 

Locality — Mauritius; Cargados Carajos. 

Depth.—Littoral, and down to 30 fathoms. 

Remarks.—The single specimen before me from Mauritius has the 
arms about 55 mm. long and the cirri XVI, 17,9 mm. long. P, is 
7 mm. long, with about fifteen segments. 

The lower pinnules of this specimen exhibit almost none of the 
peculiar expansion of the distal ends of the segments from which this 
species gets its name, there being merely a small process ending in a 

80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——3 


. 


34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


a 


tuft of very fine spines at the three distal angles. This character, 
however, is very variable, and I find that I can match this specimen 
fairly well with some from Singapore in the collection of the Copen- 
hagen Museum and with those from India in the collection of the 
Indian Museum. The cirri are proportionately slightly longer than 
usual, but here again it agrees with other specimens from India and 
Singapore. In these two features it represents rather an extreme 
type, and it may be that additional material will show the existence 
on Mauritius of a peculiar species, a localized offshoot from the 
O. serripinna stock. 

Nine specimens in Prof. J. Stanley Gardiner’s collection from 
Cargados Carajos which I recently examined at the British Museum 
are similar to the preceding. The cirri are XIV—XVII, 18-22 (usu- 
ally 19-20), the distal segments being about as long as broad. P, is 
much larger than P, or P, and has nineteen segments, most of which 
are about as long as broad, or slightly longer than broad. The lateral 
processes at the distal ends of the outer pinnule segments are only 
slightly evident; the segments of the pinnules succeeding P, have 
rather strongly projecting distal edges and angles. The arms are 
from 70 mm. to 80 mm. long. ‘ 

For the present it would be convenient to distinguish this form as 
var. occidentalis. 


Family TROPIOMETRID. 


Genus TROPIOMETRA A. H. Clark. 
TROPIOMETRA CARINATA (Lamarck). 


? Alecto carinata Leacu, Zool. Misc., vol. 2, 1815, p. 63. 

Comatula carinata LAMARCK, Hist. nat. des animaux sans vertébres, vol. 2, 1816, 
p. 535.—MicHELiIn, Revue et mag. de zool., 1845, p. 27—Von Martens, in 
von der Decken’s Reise in Ost-Africa, vol. 3, 1869, p. 129.—PourTALEs, 
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 5, 1878, No. 9, p. 214. 

Comatula bicolor DusARDIN and Hup#, Hist. nat. des zoophytes; échinodermes, 
1862, p. 208. 

Actinometra solaris voN MARTENS, von der Decken’s Reise in Ost-Africa, vol. 3, 
1869, p. 129. 

Antedon carinata (part) P. H. CarPENTER, Challenger Reports, vol. 26, Zoology, 
1888, p. 199 (but not pl. 34). 

Antedon capensis Bewt, Marine Investigations in South Africa, vol. 4, 1905, p. 139, 
pl. 2. 

Tropiometra carinata A. H. Crarx, Smiths. Misc. Coll. (Quarterly Issue), vol. 50, 
1907, pt. 3, p. 349. 


Localities.—Seychelles; Mascarine Islands; Zanzibar; Mauritius; 
Madagascar; Saya de Malha;? Cargados Carajos; north reef, Farquhar 
Atoll; the following localities in South Africa: off Algoa Bay, close 


1 This locality is given by Bell as ‘Sd M. 300-500; ” the solution of this missing word puzzle as given 
in the key is ‘‘Saya de Malha, 55fathoms.’’ What is the significance of the ‘‘300-500?”’ 


NO. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 35 


to Riy Bank (lat. 33° 58’ S.; long. 25° 51’ 30’’ E.); Tugela River 
mouth bearing NW. by W., 34 miles distant; Rocky Bank, False 
Bay; Dumford Point bearing NE by E., 9 miles distant. 
Depth.—Littoral, and down to 30 fathoms. 
Bottom.—Reefs; rocks; rocks and coral; sand and shell; dark sand, 
black specks, and rocks. 


TROPIOMETRA PICTA (Gay). 


?Alecto carinata Leacn, Zool. Misc., vol. 2, 1815, p. 63. 

Comatula picta Gay, Historia fisica y politica de Chile, vol. 8, 1854, p. 429.— 
DusarpiIn and Hurt, Hist. nat. des zoophytes; échinodermes, 1862, p. 208. 

Antedon braziliensis (LUTKEN MS.) VerritL, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., vol. 1, 
1867, p 341 (nomen nudum).—RatuBun, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., vol. 5, 
1879, p. 156. 

Antedon carinata (part) P. H. Carpenter, Challenger Reports, vol. 26, Zoology, 
1888, p. 199, pl. 34, figs. 1-7. 

Antedon diibent (part) P. H. Carpenter, Challenger Reports, vol. 26, Zoology, 
1888, p. 181, pl. 37, fig. 1 (but not figs. 2, 3). 

Tropiometra braziliensis A. H. Cutark, Smiths. Misc. Coll. (Quarterly Issue), vol. 
50, pt. 3, 1907, p. 349. 


Locality.—St. Helena. 

Remarks.—The specimen obtained by the Challenger at Bahia in 
20 fathoms and referred by Carpenter to Béhlsche’s Antedon diibenii 
is also of this species. 

Gay has described, under the name of Comatula picta, a new species 
of Tropiometra from Chile. I have examined his specimens in Paris 
and find that they are of the common Brazilian species. He says: 


C. radiis incrassatis, pinnatis decem, dorso obsoleté carinatis et tuberculatis; cirrhis 
dorsalibus 24; brachiis in pinnulis rubro et fusco articulatis. 

Especie de radios espesos, articulados, en niimero de diez, cargados de pinulas 
bastante delgadas; estos radios llevan en el medio de su faz dorsal una carena poco 
marcada, sobre la cual existe una sene de tuberculillos salientes y puntuados. Los 
brazos 6 las cirras dorsales son delgados, articulados, desiguales y en ntiimero de veinte 
y cuartro. Toda la extension del brazo y de las cirras dorsales esta como articulada 
por manchas anulares, alternativamente encarnadinas y pardas. 

Esta linda especie de Comatula es hasta cierto punto vecina del C. carinata Lamk. 
Sus brazos 6 radios son espesos y carnudos como en esta especies, pero difiere de ella 
por su coloracion sumamente elegante, que consiste en manchas anulares de un bruno 
encarnadino el cual cubre toda la estension de los radios y de las pinulas. Se halla 
en Chile. 


Gay’s original specimens are in the Paris Museum, and were in 
1862 listed by Dujardin and Hupé in their monograph under the 
name of Comatula picta. This name was originally proposed by 
Valenciennes, and subsequently adopted by Gay. Gay did not find 
the species in Chile himself, but merely recorded in his work some 
specimens he found in the Paris Museum labeled as from Chile while 
he was engaged in writing his history. The coast of Chile has been 
carefully searched by zoélogists over and over again, and no one who 
has been in that country ever mentioned the occurrence of crinoids 


36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


(other than Heliometra) there from personal observation. Dr. Carlos 
Porter, of Santiago, assures me that they are never found there. We 
must conclude, therefore, either that Valenciennes’ specimens were 
wrongly labeled, or that some other Chile is meant. 

The Antedon braziliensis proposed, but not described, by Liitken, 
which is the same thing as Gay’s Comatula picta, and subsequently 
compared in considerable detail, with Lamarck’s Comatula carinata 
by Rathbun has never been recognized; it is a perfectly good species, 
however, as I have recently been able to assure myself, most obvi- 
ously differing from carinata in the greater length of the outer cirrus 
segments. 

TROPIOMETRA ENCRINUS, new species. 

Comatula, sp. AUDoUIN, in Savieny, Description de l’ Egypte, 1817, p. 205, pl. 1. 

Alecto encrinus LitTKEN MS. 

? Antedon, sp. MosELEy, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., vol. 17, 1877, p. 8.—Mac 
Munn, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., vol. 30, 1890, p. 55. 

Antedon marmorata P. H. CARPENTER, Challenger Reports, vol. 26, Zoology, 1888, 
p. 202 (nomen nudum). 

Antedon carinata (part) (not of Lamarck) P. H. Carpenter, Challenger Reports, 
vol. 26, Zoology, 1888, p. 199. 


Localities.—‘‘ Red Sea;’’ Aden; ? Suez. 

This species ranges eastward to the South Sea Islands and the east 
coast of Asia; it appears to be generally rare, though common about 
Ceylon. 

Remarks.—I am not absolutely certain that the Red Sea speci- 
mens of Tropiometra should be referred to this species, as I have 
never been able to examine any of large size, but they seem to be 
nearer encrinus of corresponding size than to any other form. 

Tropiometra encrinus, while having the same number of cirrus 
segments as J. carinata and T. picta, has proportionately longer 
and stouter cirri, the stoutness being especially noticeable distally, 
Owing to the increased size of the cirri as a whole, the proportions 
of the segments are the same as in T. picta. 


Family THALASSOMETRIDE. 


Subfamily THALASSOMHBEITIN 42*. 
Genus CROTALOMETRA A. H. Clark. 


CROTALOMETRA MAGNICIRRA (Bell). 


Antedon magnicirra Brett, Marine Investigations in South Africa, vol. 4, 1905 
p. 141, pl. 4. 

Crotalometra magnicirra A. H. CiarK, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 22, 1909, 
p. 80. 

Localities—Buffalo River, East London, bearing NW. 3 W., 19 
miles distant; the same landmark bearing N. 15 miles distant; Hast 
London bearing NW. } N., approximately 20 miles distant (Bell). 

Depth.—300-450 fathoms. 


NO. 1808. _ RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 37 


CROTALOMETRA PORRECTA (P. H. Carpenter). 
Antedon porrecta P. H. CARPENTER, Challenger Reports, vol. 26, Zoology, 1888, 
p. 200, pl. 52, figs. 3-5. 
Antedon (Crotalometra) porrecta K@HLER and VaANeY, Bull. du mus. d’hist. nat., 
TOTO. No. L.<pr 32. 
Locality — Near Ascension Island (lat. 7° 54’ 20’ S.; long. 14° 28’ 
207” W.). 
Depth.—420 fathoms. 
Bottom.—V oleanic sand. 
Remarks—MM. Koehler and Vaney record this species from the 
Bay of Biscay (lat. 45° 19’ N.; long. 6° 29’ W.) in 1,480 meters; it 
thus probably occurs on the coast of Morocco. 


CROTALOMETRA FLAVA (Kehler). 


Antedon flava K@HiER, Rev. biol. du nord de la France, vol. 7, 1895, p. 475. 
Antedon (Crotalometra) flava Ka:Huer and VANEy, Bull. du mus. d’hist. nat., 
1910, No. 1, p. 31. | 
Locality —South of the Canary Islands (lat. 25° 39’ N.; long. 18° 
22OW .): 
Depth.—882 meters. 
This species was, previous to 1910, only known from the Bay of 
Biscay, where the type was dredged by the Caudan in 1,480 meters. 


Genus THALASSOMETRA A. H. Clark. 
THALASSOMETRA LUSITANICA (P. H. Carpenter). 
Antedon lusitanica P. H. CARPENTER, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 12, 1884, 
p. 368; Challenger Reports, vol. 26, Zoology, 1888, p. 109, pl. 39, figs. 1-3; 
Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 24, 1892, p. 65.—Ka@u.er, Echinodermes proy- 
enant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice, 1909, p. 267, pl. 1, figs. 7, 8; 
pl. 32, figs. 12-14. 
Thalassometra lusitanica A. H. CuarK, Smiths. Misc. Coll. (Quarterly Issue), 
Issue), vol. 50, 1907, pt. 3, p. 360. 
Antedon (Crotalometra) lusitanica Ka@HuER and VANEyY, Bull. du mus. d’hist. 
Nate LOlOM None pr sie 
Localities.—Madeira; from the Brazilian cable, near Funchal; south 
on eunchal (at. 320 39’ 207 N.; long. 16° 40’ 55’’ W.; lat: 32° 32” 
30’” N.; long. 17° 02’ W.; and lat. 32° 34’ N.; long. 17° 02’ 45’” W.); 
off the southeast coast of Teneriffe, Canary Islands (lat. 28° 04’ N.; 
long. 16° 49’ 30’’ W.); near Mogador, Morocco (lat. 31° 43’ 30’’ N.; 
long. 10° 46’ 45’’ W.); between Madeira and Morocco (lat. 33° 17’ 
INGulone. 14° 23’ W.). 
Depth.—900-2,165 meters. 
THALASSOMETRA OMISSA (Kehler). 


Antedon omissa Ka@uter, Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht 
Princesse-Alice, 1909, p. 268, pl. 33, fig. 10. 


Locality.—Off the southeastern coast of Teneriffe, Canary Islands. 
Depth.—1,330-1,349 meters. 


38 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


THALASSOMETRA MULTISPINA (P. H. Carpenter). 
Antedon multispina P. H. CARPENTER, Challenger Reports, vol. 26, Zoology, 1888, 
pp. 117, 241, 248, pl. 13, figs. 1-3; pl. 14, figs. 5-7; pl. 69, figs. 1-4. 
Thalassometra multispina A. H. Ciarx, Smiths. Misc. Coll. (Quarterly Issue), 
vol. 50, 1907, p. 360. 


Locality.—Near Ascension Island (lat. 7° 54’ 20’’ S.; long. 14° 287 
207’ We), 

Depth.—420 fathoms. 

Bottom.—V oleanic sand. 


COSMIOMETRA GARDINERI, new species. 


Description.—This species is most closely related to C. woodmasona, 
with the type of which I was able to compare it directly. The cirri 
are longer and more slender than in that form, 30 mm. long with 
29-31 segments which are proportionately longer. 

Twenty arms; the carination of the division series is broader than 
in woodmasoni; the lower brachials have a broad median keel quite 
different from the faintly indicated crest of woodmasoni; the outer 
brachials are very strongly overlapping and broadly carinate, the 
raised portion, when viewed dorsally, having a triangular shape, the 
apex of the triangle being proximal. The same type of carination is 
found in woodmasoni, but the triangles are narrower. 

Locality.— Saya de Malha; the type, which is in the British Museum, 
was collected by the Sea Lark expedition under Prof. J. Stanley 
Gardiner. 

Depth —135 fathoms. 


Subfamily CHARITOMBH TRIN 2. 
Genus PACH YLOMETRA A. H. Clark. 
PACHYLOMETRA SCLATERI (Bell). 


Antedon sclateri Bett, Marine Investigations in South Africa, vol. 4, 1905, p. 
140, pl. 3. 

Pachylometra sclateri A. H. CLiarx, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 22, 1909, 
p. 20. 


Locality.—Kast London bearing NW. 4 N., 18 miles distant. 
Depth.—250-300 fathoms. 


Suborder MACROPHREATA. 


Family ANTEDONID. 
Subfamily ANTE DONIN 4%. 
Genus ANTEDON de Fréminville. 
ANTEDON BIFIDA (Pennant). 


Aexdxvepoc rosacea Linck, De stellis marinis, 1738, p. 55, pl. 37, fig. 66 (based 
upon the Decempeda cornubiensium of Lilhuyd, 1699). 


No. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 39 


Asterias bifida PENNANT’, British Zoology, vol. 4, 1777, No. 70. 

Antedon rosacea P. H. Carpenter, Zool. Anzeiger, Jahrg. 4, 1881, p. 521; Chal- 
lenger Reports, vol. 26, Zoology, 1888, pp. 355, 377.—J. Barrors, Rev. 
biol. du nord de la France, vol. 1, 1889, pp. 32, 33. 

Aniedon bifida Bett, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) vol. 4, 1889, p. 432. 


Locality.— Azores (common); Bay of San Pedro (abundant); 
Algiers; Tangier; Morocco; Madeira. 

Remarks.—There are three specimens of this species in the Copen- 
hagen Museum collection which were collected at Tangier; one of 
them has the arms about 60 mm. long, rather stout, and cirri XXXV, 
13-15 (usually 15) about 12 mm. long; P, is 12 mm. long with 
twenty-five segments, and P, 5 mm. long with sixteen segments; 
the production of the distal ends of the segments of the proximal 
pinnules is marked; another is similar, with arms 60 mm. long and 
cirri XXX, 14-16; it has eleven arms, one of the [Br axillaries (the 
right posterior) bearing on the right (i. e., anterior) side a single 
axillary; the third specimen is similar to these, but smaller, with 
arms only 40 mm. long. 

In general structure and in the details of the arms, especially the arm 
bases and the [Br series, these animals appear to be identical with a 
series at hand from southern England and the Channel Islands; 
moreover, there are the same small clusters of perisomic interradials 
in each interradial angle. A specimen from Plymouth, England, so 
far as I can see, matches them exactly in all respects. 

It was somewhat of a surprise to me to find this species at Tangier, 
south of the Straits of Gibraltar, instead of the quite different A. 
mediterranea. It is more surprising still to find an example with 
eleven arms showing a physiological similarity as well as a similarity 
in form between specimens from England and from Africa; for of 
the four species of Antedon, A. bifida is the only one which, so far as 
known, ever exhibits any tendency toward an increase in the number 
of the arms over the primitive ten. 

But the most curious fact of all is that it is this species and not 
A. mediterranea which occurs at Algiers. I have recently examined 
five specimens and several pentacrinoids from that locality which 
are in the Paris Museum. ‘They resemble closely those from Tangier 
just described, but the cirri are XXIV-XXX, 12-14 (usually 13-14). 

Carpenter has recorded ‘‘Antedon rosacea” from Madeira. While 
his specimens probably are of the present species, there is a possi- 
bility that they are in reality Antedon hupferi. 


ANTEDON MEDITERRANEA (Lamarck). 


Aexéxveyoc erocea Linck, De stellis marinis, 1733, p. 53 (based upon the 
OexadacvaxtevoscOjc of Columna, 1592). 

Aecxaxveoc barbata Lincx, De stellis marinis, 1738, p. 55, pl. 37, fig. 64 (based 
upon the dexdavepyoc fimbriata of Barrelier, 1714). 


40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Comatula mediterranea LAMARCK, Hist. nat. des animaux sans vertebres, vol. 2, 
1816, p. 535. 

Antedon rosacea (part) P. H. CARPENTER, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 18, 1877, 
p. 441; Zool. Anzeiger, Jahrg. 4, 1881, p. 521; Challenger Reports, vol. 26, 
Zoology, 1888, pp. 355, 377. 

Antedon mediterranea A. H. Cuarx, Vid. Medd. fra den naturhist. Forening i 
K¢gbenhayn, 1909, pp. 120, 128. 

Locality.—Bay of Benzert (Bizerta), Tunis. 

Depth.—50-100 fathoms. 

Remarks.—It is not absolutely certain that this is the species repre- 
sented by the specimens dredged by the Porcupine off the coast of 
Tunis, though it seems most probable that this determination is 
correct. There is a possibility that A. adriatica, A. bifida, or even an 
undescribed form may occur in these waters. A. mediterranea is 
found on the European side of the Mediterranean as far east as the 
Cyclades, from which islands I have seen a specimen in the Bergen 
Museum. 

ANTEDON HUPFERI (Hartlaub). 


Antedon rosacea GREEFF, Zool. Anzeiger, Jahrg. 5, 1882, pp. 116, 159. 
Antedon hupferi Hartiaus, Nachr. Ges. Goéttingen, Mai, 1890, p. 171; Nova 
Acta Acad. German., vol. 58, 1891, No. 1, p. 88, pl. 5, figs. 53, 59. 
Locality.—Isla das Rolas (near Sio Thomé); Wapoo, Ivory Coast; 
Gorée, Sénégal; Canary Islands; Madeira. 
Depth.—13-21 fathoms. , 


Remarks.—The Challenger specimen of ‘ Antedon dtibeniv”’ described 
and figured by Carpenter is an example of Tropiometra picta. He 
unhesitatingly identified with “Antedon diibenii” as he understood 
it the specimens secured at_Rolas by Professor Greeff, and some 
others from Madeira which he obtained from Professor Lovén and 
from Mr. J. Y. Johnson of Funchal; at the same time he expresses 
the belief that this species is only a synonym of Antedon bifida. 

In view of all this it is rather uncertain just what the Canary and 
Madeira specimens can be; they are “unquestionably identical with 
those from Brazil,’’ but the latter represent two species. Taking 
everything together, however, it would seem that the species with 
which he intended to compare these specimens was the one described 
by Bohlsche, or else he certainly could not have remarked on their 
similarity to Antedon bifida. 


Genus IRIDOMETRA A. H. Clark. 
IRIDOMETRA MAURITIANA, new species. 
Description.—Centrodorsal low-hemispherical, the slightly con- 
cave dorsal pole 1 mm. in diameter; cirrus sockets arranged in 


approximately four closely crowded alternating rows, the most 
proximal with about four cirrus sockets to each radial area. 


NO. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 4] 


Cirri XXX-XLV, 10-13 (usually 11-12) 9 mm. to 11 mm. long; 
first segment short, second not quite so long as broad, third twice as 
long as broad, fourth about two and one-half times as long as the 
proximal diameter; following segments gradually decreasing in 
length so that the penultimate is less than one-third again as long as 
broad; the elongated lower segments are slightly constricted cen- 
trally, and the distal half of the cirrus is rather strongly flattened 
laterally; opposing spine prominent, though small, sharp, sub- 
terminal, more or less erect; terminal claw slightly longer than the 
penultimate segment, rather stout and rather strongly curved. 

Radials even with the edge of the centrodorsal; IBr, exceedingly 
short and bandlike; IBr, triangular, twice as broad as long, the 
anterior angle sharp, the middle of the posterior margin somewhat 
produced proximally, the lateral angles extending considerably 
beyond the anterolateral angles of the IBr,. 

Ten arms 30 mm. to 45 mm. long; first brachial very short, some- 
what shorter interiorly than exteriorly, interiorly united basally; 
second brachial much larger, irregularly quadrate; third and fourth 
brachials (syzygial pair) somewhat longer interiorly than exteriorly, 
about twice as broad as the interior length; following four brachials 
approximately oblong, about three times as broad as long, then soon 
becoming triangular, about as long as broad, and in the outer part of 
the arm wedge shaped and longer than broad. 

Syzygies occur between the third and fourth brachials, again 
between the ninth and tenth and fourteenth and fifteenth, and 
distally at intervals of three oblique muscular articulations. 

P, small and slender, but somewhat stiffened, tapering evenly and 
rather rapidly, 3.5 mm. long with twelve segments, most of which 
are considerably elongated; P, similar, but somewhat smaller and 
more slender, 2.7 mm. long with eleven segments; P,; 6 mm. to 7 mm. 
long with eighteen to twenty segments, slender and flagellate; P, 
4 mm. long with thirteen segments, shorter than those of P,; follow- 
ing pinnules slowly increasing in length, the distal pinnules being 
6 mm. to 7 mm. long and exceedingly slender. 

Locality —Mauritius; the type, which is No. 5349 (part) Berlin 
Museum, was collected by Professor Mébius. 

Madagascar; a specimen in the Paris Museum was collected here by 
M. Grandidier in 1905. 

Remarks.—This species is most nearly related to /. nana of the 
East Indies, but may at once be distinguished by its much stouter 
cirri, the component segments of which are much less constricted 
centrally, and by the larger P,, which-is considerably stiffened. 

I had been aware of the occurrence of some species of this genus 
on Mauritius for some time before I was able to examine any speci- 


42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


mens, and in reviewing Mr. Chadwick’s paper upon the Red Sea 
crinoids I mentioned that the 7. nana group of species occurred there, 
for three years ago, while at Cambridge, I had been permitted to 
look over the letters sent by Capt. Nicholas Pike to Prof. Louis 
Agassiz while the former was United States consul at Mauritius. In 
one of these letters Captain Pike, in his usual charming style, describes 
a little crinoid which he found on the reef near Port Louis (about 
1867), but which broke all up so that he could not preserve it. How- 
ever he made a color sketch of it, and this I was able to recognize as 
being of a species near J. nana. 


IRIDOMETRA AGYPTICA, new species. 


Antedon parvicirra CHADwIcK, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 31, 1908, p. 45. 
? Tridometra parvicirra A. H. Ctarx, Amer. Naturalist, vol. 43, 1909, p. 255. 


Description.—Cirri XXV, 14-16 (usually 15-16), 13 mm. long, 
comparatively stout; first segment short, second about as long as 
broad, fourth or fifth the longest, about two and one-half times the 
median diameter; following segments slowly decreasing in length 
so that the antepenultimate is about one third longer than broad. 
The longer proximal segments are constricted centrally, with enlarged 
distal ends; there are no dorsal spines or projections. The cirri 
are rather strongly constricted laterally. The opposing spine is 
prominent, terminal, and directed obliquely forward. 

Ten arms, apparently about 40 mm. long, resembling those of 
I. nana. 

P, short, evenly tapering, about 5 mm. long, with eight segments 
which become twice as long as broad distally; P, considerably 
larger and much longer, but evenly tapering and very slender dis- 
tally, 9.5 mm. long, with twelve segments which become much 
elongated outwardly; P, larger than P,, much the largest pinnule 
on the arm, 13 mm. long, becoming very slender distally, with eighteen 
to twenty segments, the distal much elongated, three times as long 
as broad; the ends of the segments are slightly swollen, but there 
are no spinous projecting borders; P,small and weak, 4.5 mm. to 5mm. 
long, the outer segments much elongated and with somewhat swollen 
ends; P, slightly longer; following pinnules similar, becoming more 
slender and increasing in length distally. 

Localities.—Suez Bay; Gulf of Suez. 

Depth.—10 fathoms (one record). 

Remarks.—This new species is very readily distinguishable from 
Tridometra parvicirra by its very much larger cirri, though the pin- 
nulation is not very different. — 


NO. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 43 


Subfamily PHROMETRIN 4. 


Genus PEROMETRA A. H. Clark. 


PEROMETRA AFRA, new species. 


Description.—Centrodorsal rounded-conical, the dorsal pole papil- 
lose, resembling closely the centrodorsal of P. diomedex of Japan. 

Articular radial faces almost exactly as in P. diomedex; relation of 
radials to centrodorsal as in P. diomedez. 

Cirri long and slender, resembling those of P. diomedex, 25 mm. to 
30 mm. long, decreasing somewhat in length towaid the dorsal pole, 
with 44-52 segments. 

Kleven to fourteen arms 50 mm. long; the proximal arm structure, 
the flattening of the rays, and the synarthrial tubercles are exactly as 
in P. diomedex, except that the synarthrial tubercles are not so long, 
being more like those of P. pusilla; the I1Br series are 2. 

The lower pinnules are exceedingly slender, with greatly elongated 
segments; P, is the longest, followed by P,, P,, and P,; P; and the 
following pinnules are short. 

The color is purple, the cirri lighter. 

Locality —Providence Island, northeast of Madagascar; the type, 
which is in the British Museum, was collected by the Sea Lark expe- 
dition under Prof. J. Stanley Gardiner. 

Depth.—125 fathoms. 


Subfamily ZHNOMHETRIN 2%. 
Genus LEPTOMETRA A. H. Clark. 


LEPTOMETRA CELTICA (Barrett and McAndrew). 


Comatula woodwardit Barrett, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (2) vol. 19, 1857, p. 33, 
pl. 7, fig. 1 (not of Forbes, 1852). 

Comaiula celtica BARRETT and McANprReEw, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), vol. 20, 
1858, p. 44. 

Antedon mediterraneus (part) WyviLtLtE THomson, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, 
vol. 7, 1872, p. 765. 

Antedon phalangium (not of Miller) P. H. Carpenter, Zool. Anzeiger, Jahrg. 4, 
1881, p. 521 (part); Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 12,1884, p. 361 (part); 
Challenger Reports, vol. 26, Zoology, 1888, p. 159 (part); Journ. Linn. Soc. 
(Zool.), vol. 24, 1892, p. 67. 

Leptometra celtica A. H. CLark, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 21, 1908, p. 129. 

Antedon (Leptometra) phalangium Ka@HueR and Vaney, Bull. du mus. d’hist. 
nat., 1910, No. 1, p. 32. 


Localities.—Seine Bank (between Madeira and Morocco); near the 
Seine Bank (lat. 33° 47’ N., long., 14° 21’ W.); near the Gorringe 
Bank (west of the Straits of Gibraltar) (lat. 36° 30’ 30’’ N.; long. 11° 
B67) 15” Wand lat. 36° 317° N:: Jong. 11° 32’ W.); off Madeira; 
Funchal Bay, Madeira; south of Cape St. Vincent (lat. 36° 20’ N.; 


44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


long. 9° 01’ W.); south of the Canary Islands (lat. 26° 17’ N.; long. 
17° 12’ W,). 

This species occurs northward to the Faroe Islands. 

Depth.—50-500 (?700) fathoms. 

Remarks.—As Carpenter, in discussing the specimen from Funchal 
Bay, speaks of ‘‘the extreme shortness of the later cirrus joints,” 
which is the character by which Leptometra celtica is most readily 
separated from L. phalangium, it has seemed best to refer the records 
for the Atlantic coast of Africa and the outlying islands to the former 
species. The specimens from off Cadiz and from off the Portuguese 
coast, which I have recently examined, are undoubtedly this form. 

Professor Koehler remarks that this species ranges westward across 
the Atlantic, as Carpenter received specimens from Brazil, from a 
cable picked up in between 915 and 1,280 meters; the specimens upon 
which this statement was based were found on the Brazilian cable, 
but at its Madeira end, near Funchal. 


LEPTOMETRA PHALANGIUM (J. Miiller). 


Alecto phalangium J. Miituer, Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 1841, Heft 1, p. 142. 

Antedon mediterraneus (part) WyvittE THomson, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, 
vol. 7, 1872, p. 765. 

Antedon phalangium Marion, Ann. de sci. nat., sér. 6, vol. 8, 1879, p. 40, pl. 18.— 
P. H. Carpenter, Zool. Anzeiger, Jahrg. 4, 1881, p. 521 (part); Proc. Roy. 
Soe. Edinburgh, vol. 12, 1884, p. 361 (part); Challenger Reports, vol. 26, 
Zoology, 1888, p. 159 (part). 

Leptometra phalangium A. H. CuarK, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 21, 1908, 
p. 129. 


Localities —Tunis; Bay of Benzert (Bizerta), Tunis; Skerki Bank, 
off Tunis. 
This species occurs also along the French and Italian coasts of the 


Mediterranean. 
Depth.—30-120 fathoms. 


Family PENTAMETROCRINID. 
Genus PENTAMETROCRINUS A. H. Clark. 


PENTAMETROCRINUS ATLANTICUS (Perrier). 


Eudiocrinus atlanticus Prrrter, Comptes rendus, vol. 96, 1883, p. 725.— 
Ka@uter, Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice, 
1909, p. 271, pl. 32, figs. 15-18. 

Pentametrocrinus atlanticus A. H. CLarx, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 21, 
1908, p. 185. 

Eudiocrinus (Pentametrocrinus) atlanticus Ka@Hurr and VaNey, Bull. du mus. 
d’hist. nat., 1910, No. 1, p. 81. 


Localities —Azores; southeast of Terceira (lat. 38° 26’ N.; long. 
26° 30’ 45’ W.); Canary Islands; southeast of Arreceife (lat. 29° 
06’ 30’’ N.; long. 13° 02’.45’’ W.); between Madeira and Mogador 
(at..32°277 Ni lone 12> 157 W.). 


No. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 45 


This species ranges northward to the Gulf of Gascony, and I have 
examined a specimen, apparently of this form, from Martinique, 
French West Indies. 

Depth.—578-1,165 meters. 

Specimens are recorded from as deep as 1,674 meters. 


II. STALKED CRINOIDS. 


Family PENTACRINITID. 
Genus ENDOXOCRINUS A. H. Clark. 


ENDOXOCRINUS WYVILLETHOMSONI (Wyville Thomson). 


Pentacrinus wyville-thomsoni Jerrrtes, Proc. Roy. Soc., vol. 19, 1870, p. 157 
(nomen nudum); Report Brit. Ass. for 1870, 1871, p. 119 (nomen nudum).— 
WyvitLe THomson, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 7, 1872, p. 767.—P. H. 
CARPENTER, Challenger Reports, vol. 11, Zoology, 1884, p. 313, pl. 17, figs. 
2-6; pl. 18; pl. 24; pl. 57, fig. 1.—FitHo1, La vie au fond des mers, 1885, 
pl. 2, opposite p. 10; pl. 5 (colored), opposite p. 160; p. 210; p. 212; fig. 
66, I, p. 211.—Prrrier, Nouv. arch. du mus. d’hist. nat. (2), vol. 9, 
1886, p. 145; Explorations sous-marines, 1886, p. 272.—P. H. CARPENTER, 
Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 24, 1892, p. 64.—ALBERT, PRINCE DE Monaco, 
Comptes rendus, vol. 126, 1899, p. 313.—Ricuarp, Les campagnes scien- 
tifique de S. A. S. le Prince de Monaco, 1900, p. 78.—RicHarD, Bull. soc. 
zool. France, vol. 27, 1902, p. 84.—ALBERT, PRINCE DE Monaco, Comptes 
rendus, vol. 134, 1902, p. 963; vol. 140% 1905, p. 1373; Bull. mus. Monaco, 
1905, No. 39, p. 1.—RicHarp, Bull. mus. Monaco, No. 41, 1905, p. 3.— 
Ke@uter, Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht, Princesse-Alice, 
1909, p. 254, pl. 5, fig. 1 (colored). 

Pentacrinus Parratr, Rapport sur la campagne scientifique du Talisman en 1883, 
1884, p. 41. 

Pentacrines Parratr, Rapport sur la campagne scientifique du Talisman en 1883, 
1884, pp. 41, 47.—pE Fottn, Sous les mers, 1887, pp. 275, 276, 288. 

Endoxocrinus wyvillethomsoni A. H. Ctark, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 21, 
1908, p. 152. 

Pentacrinus (Endoxocrinus) wyville-thomsoni K@uuER and VANEy, Bull. du mus. 
@hist. nat., 1910, No. 1, p. 31. 


Localities.—Off the west coast of Morocco; off the coast of Morocco 
Gnees2e 40" N.= lone. 12°10’ B.; lat. 32° 31’ N.; Jong. 12° 08’ HW); off 
Cape Cantin, Morocco; Azores; Madeira, near Funchal and off Porto 
Santo Bay (lat. 32° 39’ 20’’ N.; long. 16° 40’ 55’’ W.); east of Hierro, 
Canaries (lat. 27° 41’ N.; long. 17° 53’ 45’” W.); off the southeast 
coast of Teneriffe, Canaries (lat. 28° 04’ N.; long. 16° 49’ 30’’ W.); 
Canary Islands; between the Canary and Cape Verde islands; south 
of the Canary Islands (lat. 25° 39’ N.; long. 18° 26’ W.); between 
Madeira and Mogador (lat. 32° 31’ N.; long. 12° 09’ W.). 

This species is found as far north as Rochefort dat. 45°159% 307" N.).! 

Depth.—1,330-1,917 meters. 


1Bell has recorded it from Ferne Islands, off the coast of Northumberland. Probably he meant to 
say ‘‘Fayal,’”’ as it certainly does not occur anywhere in the British Channel. A similar error in his 
citation of the habitat of Antedon diibenii is ‘“‘ Bengal”’ instead of Brazil. 


46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


The extreme depth known for the species is 1,095 fathoms, at which 
depth it was originally dredged by the Porcupine. 


Family HYOCRINIDA. 


Genus GEPHYROCRINUS Keehler and Bather. 
GEPHYROCRINUS GRIMALDII Keehler and Bather. 


Hyocrinus ALBERT, PRincE DE Monaco, Comptes rendus, vol. 134, 1902, p. 
963.—RicHarD, Bull. soc. zool. France, vol. 27, p. 84. 
Gephyrocrinus grimaldii, K@HueR and Batuer, Mém. soc. zool. France, vol. 15, 
1902, p. 68.—ALBERT, PRINCE DE Monaco, Comptes rendus, vol. 142, 1906, 
p. 621.—Kq@u.ier, Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht 
Princesse-Alice, 1909, p. 256, pl. 1, fig. 12; pl. 32, figs. 1-9. 
Localities.—East of Hierro, Canaries (lat. 27° 41’ N.; long. 17° 53’ 
45’’ W.); south of Funchal, Madeira (lat. 32° 32’ 30’’ N.; long. 17° 02’ 
We). 
Depth.—1,786-1,968 meters. 


Family BOURGUETICRINIDA. 


Genus BATHYCRINUS Wyville Thomson. 
BATHYCRINUS ALDRICHIANUS Wyville Thomson. 
e 
Bathycrinus aldrichianus Wyvitte THomson, The Atlantic, vol. 2, 1877, pp. 
92-95 (86-87), fig. 23; Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 13 (1876), 1878, pp. 
47-51, fig. 1.—A. H. Cuarx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, pp. 553, 554. 
Bathycrinus campbellianus P. H. CARPENTER, Challenger Reports, vol. 11, Zool- 
ogy, 1884, p. 238, pl. 7a, figs. 22, 23; pl. 8; fig. 15, p. 239. 
Locality.—Lat. 1° 47’ N.; long. 24° 26’ W. 
Depth.—1,850 fathoms. 


BATHYCRINUS GRACILIS Wyville Thomson. 


Bathycrinus gracilis WYVILLE THOMSON, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 7, 1872, 

p. 772.—\Kq@xHuer, Echinodermes provenent des campagnes du _ yacht 
Princesse-Alice, 1909, p. 254. 

Locality.—Between the Azores and Gibraltar (lat. 38° 54’ 55’’ N.; 

long. 21° 06’ 45’’—18’ 45’’ W.). 

This species is otherwise only known from the Bay of Biscay. 

Depth.—5,005 meters. 

The previous record of depth is 2,435 fathoms. 


BATHYCRINUS PERRIERI Kehler and Vaney. 


Bathycrinus perriert K@HLER and VANEY, Bull. du mus. d’hist. nat., 1910, No. 1, 
Os Ae tare MLE VAs 10)5 Ziff 

Locality.— Off Cape Ghir, Morocco (lat. 30° 03’ N.; long. 14° 02’ E.). 
Depth.—2,212 meters. 


No. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. AT 


BATHYCRINUS RECUPERATUS (E. Perrier). 


Tlyocrinus recuperatus E. Perrier, Rey. scient., vol. 35, 30 mai 1885, p. 691.— 
P. H. Carpenter, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), vol. 16, p. 108. 

Hyocrinus recuperatus E. Perrier, Rev. scient., vol. 35, 30 mai, 1885, p. 691.— 
P. H. Carpenter, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), vol. 16, p. 108. 

Ilycrinus recuperatus E. PERRIER, Explorations sous-marines, 1886, p. 273, fig. 
193; p. 341, fig. 242, No. 4. 

Bathycrinus recuperatus HAMANN, Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier- 
Reichs, 1907, p. 1574.—Kq@uter and Vaney, Bull. du mus. d’hist. nat., 
1910, No. 1, p. 28, fig. 3, p. 29. 

Locality.—N ortheast of the Azores (lat. 44° 20’ N.; long. 19° 31’ W.) 
Depth.—4,255 meters. 


Genus RHIZOCRINUS M. Sars. 
RHIZOCRINUS PARFAITI (Perrier). 


Democrinus parfaiti PERRIER, Comptes rendus, vol. 96, 1883, No. 7, p. 450. 
Rhizocrinus parfaiti A. H. CtarK, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, 1909, p. 676. 
Locality.—Off the coast of Morocco ‘‘par le travers du cap Blanc.” 
Depth.—1,900 meters. 
Remarks.—This is a perfectly good species, but Carpenter sub- 
jected it to such severe criticism in the Challenger report that it has 
been allowed to drop into oblivion. 


RHIZOCRINUS CHUNI Doderleia. 


Rhizocrinus sp. nov. DépERLEIN, in CHuN, Aus den Tiefen des Weltmeeres, 
1900, p. 487, fig., p. 488. 
Rhizocrinus chuni D6pERLEIN, Die gestielten Crinoiden der Siboga-Expedition, 
1907, p..14, pl. 1, fig. 5; pl. 6, fig. 6; fig. 6, p. 14. 
Locality Off Somaliland, East Africa. 
Depth.—1,644-1,668 meters. 


UNIDENTIFIABLE SPECIES. 
ANTEDON IMPINNATA (P. H. Carpenter). 


Antedon impinnata von Grarr, Challenger Reports, vol. 10, Zoology, 1884, pp. 15, 
16, 18 (nomen nudum).—P. H. CarrEnTER, Challenger Reports, vol. 26, Zool- 
ogy, 1888, p. 206. 

Remarks.—The very short description of this species reads: ‘The 
third, fourth, and fifth brachials have no pinnules; eight or ten cirri 
of twelve joints,” which would be now expressed: P,, P,, and P, 
absent; cirri VIII-X, 12. Carpenter further says that this ‘‘is a 
little species, which was obtained at Mauritius by Professor Mobius, 
who was kind enough to show it to me when I visited [iel.”’ 

The type is recorded as having been taken in North Bay, Mauri- 
tius, at a depth of 15 fathoms. 


48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


COMATULES. 


Comatules FErussac, Bull. des sci. nat. (2), vol. 26, 1831, p. 183. 
Ferussac records that M. Lamare-Picquot brought home numerous 
comatulids from his voyage to the East Indies and South Africa. 
COMATULA. 
Comatula von GRrarr, Challenger Reports, vol. 10, Zoology, 1884, p. 48; repeated 
in Braun, Centralbl. fiir Bakteriol. und Parasitenkunde, vol. 3, 1888, p. 186. 

Professor von Graff records myzostomes from an undetermined 
comatulid taken at Fouquet Island, southeast of Mauritius, in 18 
fathoms. 

COMATULES. 
Comatules Parrait, Rapport sur la campagne scientifique du Talisman en 1883, 
1884, pp. 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 55, and 57. 

Captain Parfait records comatulids from the Talisman dredgings 
as follows: south of the Bay of Cadiz (lat. 36° 02’ N.; long. 9° 01’ E.), 
126 meters (‘‘une pleine baille de comatules”); off Cape Spartel 
(lat. 35° 26’ N.; long. 9° 09’ E.), 717 meters; lat. 33° 47’ N.; long. 
11° 23’ -E., 1,635 meters (‘‘comatules jaune soufre;’ probably 
Thalassometridz) ; lat. 32° 27’ N.; long. 12° 15’ E., 1,123 meters. 
lat. 30° 08’ N.; long. 14° 02’ E., 2,200 meters; lat. 30° 03’ N.; long. 
14° 02’ E., 2,212 meters; lat. 29° 01 N.-; long. 14°51" he ieteo 
meters; lat. 28° 37’ N.; long. 15° 22’ H., 865 meters; lat. 28° 35’ N:; 
long. 15° 30’ E., 975 meters; lat. 28° 35’ N.; long. 15° 36’ E., 
1,238 meters; lat. 26° 17’ N.; long. 17° 11’ E., 355 meters (mul 
titude de comatules’’); lat. 26° 16’ N.; long. 17° 11’ E., 250 meters; 
lat. 26° 13’ N.; long. 17° 10’ E., 175 meters; Jat) 26° 07 Noome 
17° -08’ E., 130 meters; lat. 25°41" N.; longs 18°) 160 
meters; lat. 21° 51’ N.; long. 19° 18’ E., 235 meters; lat. 19° 19’ 
N.; long. 20° 22’ E., 2,333 meters; lat. 19° 16’ N.; long. 20° 207 H., 
2,320 meters; lat. 38° 38’ N.; long. 30° 41’ E., 1,257 meters; lat. 
45° 59’ N.; long. 6° 29’ E., 1,480 meters. 


COMATULES. 


Comatules pE Fourn, Sous les mers, 1887, pp. 266, 277, 280, 281, 282, 283, 288, 
297, 328, and 335. 

Marquis de Folin records unidentified comatulids from the west 
coast of Morocco, off Cape Spartel, 717 meters; west coast of Morocco, 
1,123 meters; west coast of Merocco, 2,200 meters; west coast of 
Morocco, 2,212 meters; Canary Islands, 1,180 meters, 865 meters, 
1,238 meters, 345 meters, 130 meters, and 410 meters; off the coast 
of Senegal, 2,333-2,320 meters; among the Azores, 1,257-1,255 
meters (and in the Gulf of Gascony, 1,480 meters). 

Probably these specimens are in the Paris Museum. 


No. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 49 


COMATULES. 


Comatules RicHarp, Les campagnes scientifique de 8. A. S. le Prince Albert I: 
de Monaco, 1900, p. 78. 


Professor Richard says: ‘‘Enfin il est interessant de signaler la 
capture, dans une masse, d’une centaine de comatules, par 175 meters 
sur le banc de Gorringe.”’ 

PENTAMETROCRINUS (? species). 
Endiocrinus sp. nov. CHuNn, Aus den Tiefen des Weltmeeres, 1900, p. 488. 

Professor Chun records the discovery by the Valdivia of a sulphur 
yellow ‘“ Hudiocrinus”’ representing a new species (as determined by 
Professor Déderlein) in 1,289 meters off the coast of Somaliland. 

BATHYCRINUS. 
Bathycrinus MinbNE-EpWarps, Comptes rendus, vol. 97, 1883, p. 1392. 


One or more species of this genus are stated to have been dredged 
“nar le travers du cap Ghir et du cap Noun, a 120 milles environ 
de la céte,” at depths between 2,000 and 2,300 meters. 

One of these is undoubtedly the Bathycrinus perrieri recently 
described by MM. Keehler and Vaney. 


BATHYCRINUS. 
Bathycrinus Firnot, La nature, No. 572, 17 mai 1884, p. 391. 
This refers to the same specimens as does the preceding. 


CRINOIDE. 


Crinoide Parralr, Rapport sur la campagne scientifique du Talisman en 1883, 
1884, p. 43. 

Captain Parfait here records a small crinoid from lat. 30° 03’ N.; 
long. 14° 02’ E., in 2,212 meters, on gray mud and broken shell; 
it is undoubtedly the same as the preceding. 

BATHYCRINUS. 
Bathycrinus Parrait, Rapport sur la campagne scientifique du Talisman en 


1883, 1884, pp. 43, 57. 


The remains of Bathycrinus are here recorded from lat. 29° 52’ N.; 
long. 14° 04’ E., in 2,075 meters, on gray mud and broken shell; 
and from lat. 44° 20’ N.; long. 19° 31’ E., in 4,255 meters, on soft 
white mud. 


BATHYCRINUS. 
Bathycrinus E. Perrier, Rey. scient., vol. 35, 30 mai 1885, p. 691. 
MM. Keehler and Vaney believe that the individual here referred 


to is the specimen described by them as Bathycrinus perriert. 
80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——4 


50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


CRINOIDE. 
Crinoide DE Foun, Sous les mers, 1887, p. 281. 


De Folin here records a small stalked crinoid from 2,212 meters 
off the west coast of Morocco. 


BATHYCRINUS. 
Bathycrinus DE Fottn, Sous les mers, 1887, p. 282. 


De Folin records a specimen dredged from 2,083 meters off the 
west coast of Morocco. 
UN PETIT CRINOIDE. 


Un petit crinoide Richarp, Bull. soc. zool. France, vol. 27, 1902, p. 85. 


Professor Richard records a small crinoid, probably a Bathycrinus, 
from 3,890 meters in the Cape Verde Islands. 


RHIZOCRINUS LOFFOTENSIS Wyville Thomson. 
Rhizocrinus loffotensis WyvittE THomson, The Depths of the Sea, 1873, p. 450. 


Sir Wyville Thomson records that the Swedish frigate Josephine 
obtained this species on the Josephine Bank. Undoubtedly the 
identification is incorrect. 

RHIZOCRINUS (7? species). 
Rhizocrinus rawsoni (not of Pourtalés) P. H. Carrenter, Challenger Reports, 
vol. 11, Zoology, 1884, p. 262 (part), pl. 10, figs. 8-14.—Ka@uurr, Echino- 


dermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice, p, 255.—K@HLER 
and VANEY, Bull. du mus. d’hist. nat., 1910, No. 1, p. 31. 


Localities.—South of Terceira, Azores (lat. 38° 11’ N.; long. 27° 
09’ W.); off the eastern end of Pico, Azores (lat. 38° 20’ N.; long. 
28° 04’ 25’’ W.); ‘‘par le travers du cap Ghir [Ras Aferni] et du cap 
Noun [Morocco], & 120 milles environ de la céte;” ‘‘par le travers du 
cap Blanc’”’ (Morocco); near Cape Blanco (lat. 33° 09’ N.; long. 11° 
58’ W.); northwest of Mogador (lat. 32° 38’ N.; long. 12° 09’ W.). 

This group of species extends northward to west of the Scilly 
Islands and slightly west of south of the southwestern corner of 
Treland (lat. 50° 01’ N.; long. 12° 26’ W.). 

Depth.—1,435-2,300 meters. 

The extreme recorded depth is 1,207 fathoms. 

Remarks.—A number of distinct species are included by Carpenter 
and by Keehler under the name Rhizocrinus rawsoni, none of which 
are the same as the West Indian form originally described under that 
name by Pourtalés, 


No. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 5] 


DEMOCRINUS. 


Democrinus Parrair, Rapport sur la campagne scientifique du Talisman en 1883, 
1884, pp. 41, 43, 47. 


Captain Parfait records undetermined Rhizocrinus from the coast 
of Morocco as follows: lat. 32° 40’ N.; long. 12° 10’ E., 1,435 
meters; lat. 29° 52’ N.; long. 14° 04’ E., 2,075 meters; lat. 25° 01’ 
N.; long. 19° 15’ E., 2,638 meters. 

Probably the specimens mentioned are in the Paris Museum. 


DEMOCRINUS. 


Democrinus DE Fotrn, Sous les mers, 1887, pp. 282, 288. 


M. de Folin records Rhizocrinus from African waters as follows: 
off the west coast of Morocco, 2,083 meters; off the Canary Islands, 
2,636 meters. 

Probably the specimens are in the Paris Museum. 


APPENDIX. 


While at the British Museum recently I was, thanks to the kind- 
ness of Prof. F. Jeffrey Bell, able to examine some very interesting 
comatulids which had been collected by the cable repair ship lectra 
in the Red Sea, and to the northwest of Sokotra. These f find to be 
as follows: 

Locality.—Red Sea, southeast of Messawa (lat. 15° 02’ 30’’ N.; 
long. 41° 13’ 30’’ E.); depth, 20 fathoms. © 


Oligometra serripinna var. electree A. H. Clark. 


Locality.—N orthwest of Sokotra (lat. 14° 20’ N.; long. 52° 30’ E.); 
depth, 1,200 fathoms. 


Thalassometra (new species). Thaumatometra (new species). 
Pachylometra (new species).  Cyclometra flavescens A. H. Clark. 


WAL aa Rd des 


MAMMALS COLLECTED BY DR. W. L. ABBOTT ON BORNEO 
AND SOME OF THE SMALL ADJACENT. ISLANDS. 


By Marcus Warp Lyon, Jr., 


Assistant Curator, Division of Mammals, U.S. National Museum. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Before collecting on the mainland of Borneo, Dr. W. L. Abbott 
made two expeditions to adjacent islands, the mammalian fauna of 
which is closely allied to that of Borneo. One of these expeditions 
was to the Natuna islands, north of Borneo, and was made during the 
spring and summer of 1900; the other was to the Karimata Islands, 
off the west coast, during August and September, 1904. Lists of 
the mammals obtained on these expeditions were published by Mr. 
Gerrit S. Miller, jr., in 1901 and in 1906.1. More recently Doctor 
Abbott has visited the mainland of Borneo five times, on each 
occasion stopping at some of the adjacent islands. An account of 
the mammals collected on the first trip to the mainland, covering 
the Kapuas River region, was published by me in 1907.2 The present 
paper aims to give an account of the mammals obtained on the 
remaining four expeditions—two to southwestern Borneo and two 
to southeastern Borneo—as well as those collected in the near-by 
islands. For the sake of completeness, I have included in the 
present paper the species collected in the Kapuas River region, as 
well as those from Karimata Islands, the latter having been visited 
a second time. Four short papers* have appeared recently which 


1 Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 3, pp. 111-138, March 26, 1901. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, pp. 55-66, 
July 23, 1906. 

2 proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, pp. 547-572, December 24, 1907. 

3 Lyon, Description of a new squirrel of the Sciurus prevostii group from Pulo Temaju, west coast of 
Borneo. Smiths. Mise. Coll., vol. 48, pp. 275-276, February 4, 1907. 

Lyon, Remarks on the Insectovores of the genus Gymnura. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, p. 449, 
May 27, 1909. Doctor Abbott’s Bornean specimens listed. 

Elliot, On the genus Presbylis Esch., and Le Tarsier Buffon, with descriptions of two new species of 
Tarsius. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 28, pp. 151-154, May 27, 1910. Describes the tarsier from 
the Kapuas River region. 

Elliot, Descriptions of some new species of monkeys of the genera Pithecus and Pygathriz collected by 
Dr. W. L. Abbott and presented to the United States National Museum. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 
38, pp. 343-352, August 6, 1910. Describes the common macaques from Karimata, the Kapuas River 
region, Bawean Island, and Pulo Mata Siri. 


Proceepinas U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1809. 53 


54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. 


deal in part with the mammals included in the present paper, but 
the collections as a whole are here published for the first time. 

A list of the localities visited by Doctor Abbott is given below, 
together with his geographical and natural history field-notes. Many 
of these localities are not to be found on the ordinary maps, and 
reference should be made to the maps on pages 55 and 57. 


LIST OF LOCALITIES, WITH GEOGRAPHICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY 
FIELD-NOTES BY DR. W. L. ABBOTT. 


West BoRNEAN MAINLAND, June 6-September 16, 1907. 

Sukadana (or Sukudana).—At Sukudana a mass of hills 1,000 to 2,000 feet high rise 
right from the seashore. They are well forested, but there are many plantations of - 
durians and other fruit upon their slopes and many clearings in the neighborhood. 
The sea is very shallow near the coast; otherwise it would have been a good collecting 
ground for me,! as animal life is pence in the neighborhood. The inhabitants 
are all Malays except a few Chinese traders and small planters. 

Sempang River.—The country along the Sempang River is low and swampy, very 
little above high water, as is also nearly all west Borneo near the coast. The lower 
part of the principal affluent, the Semandang, is also low and flat. The headwaters 
of both rivers are among the hills. The low country is for the most part heavy forest, 
with a strip of clearing along the river banks. The hilly country is inhabited by 
Dyaks and here there is comparatively little virgin forest remaining. The greater 
part of the surface is covered with secondary jungle. A few rhinoceroses are said to 
inhabit the upper Sempang about Batu Dayeu (or Dajeuh). A much larger cat 
than Felis nebulosa occurs, Galled by Malays and Dyaks ‘‘rimow.’’ It must be very 
rare, as very few people whom I met had ever seenit. The big red pig (Sus gargantua?) 
T heard of from both Dyaks and Malays, especially about the upper Sempang River, 
but not reported at all common. 

Matan (or Matai) River—The Sungei Matan enters the Sempang at the rajah’s 
kampong (village) called Sempang. I camped about 12 miles up (44 hours) at a place 
called Matan. Formerly there was a large kampong there but it was abandoned 
twenty to thirty years since. Most of the neighborhood is large secondary jungle. 
The hill called Matan was close by. Animal life was very abundant, and orang-utans 
plentiful. There are no permanent villages now upon the Sungei Matan, except 
on the slopes of the hill called Sepunchok, about 24 hours above Sones where 
there are eight families. 

Mount Palung.—Palung is 1,110 meters in height. I ascended Panti and remained 
one night; saw no mammals high up. Panti [not shown on map] is one of the hills of 
Palung. It is somewhere about 3,500 feet. Rhinoceroses are said to inhabit the 
lowlands about the base of Palung. No tapir or banting (Bos) in this part of Borneo, 

SouTHwWEst BORNEAN MAINLAND, June 17-September 29, 1908. 

Kendawangan River.—The country along the lower Kendawangan River, as else- 
where in west Borneo, is mostly swamp, just above high-water mark. Occasional 
higher patches and tracts occur which always remain dry and are called ‘‘pématong,”’ 
about what we call ‘‘islands” in swamps or ‘“‘hummocks” in Florida. There are no 
hills close to the lower river except at Mankol. At Lanchut, 30 miles from the mouth, 
there is quite a large tract of dry land extending back to Mount Kedio, 4 miles from 
the river. About Kalang Anyer, a Malay kampong of three houses, 70 miles from the 
mouth, the banks become higher, with but little swamp. A few miles higher up the 
hilly and rolling country is reached, the Dyak country, where most of the original 
jungle has been destroyed and now covered with secondary jungle, scrub, and “‘alang 


1 Doctor Abbott travels about in a schooner, and the anchorage probably was poor. 


No. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VIOCINITY—LYON. 55 


alang” (long coarse grass). On the upper part of the largest tributary, the Mambuluh, 
there are many ‘‘danau, ” or lakes, which, however, dry up in time of drought. There 
are several hundred Malays living along the lower Kendawangan, Lobo Batil, 18 miles 


pf Pulo Maja” 


PANEBANGAN =r Ses 


aS 


PELAPIS 


SERUTU 


Maro X ¢Karangan 
Garok 


Ahwattan 


P.IRAS g 


PULO BAUWAL Lh 


Fic. 1.—Map OF SOUTHWESTERN BORNEO. 


from the mouth, being the highest permanently inhabited place. The rattan and 
gutta gatherers wander all over the forests and the uninhabited belt lying between the 
Malay settlements and the Dyak country on the hilly ground, and they all carry guns 


56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. 


with them. On the upper Kendawangan among the Dyaks there are about 200 Malays, 
mostly about Maro. Nearly every man, both Dyak and Malay, has a gun; so game is 
remarkably scarce. Luckily, powder is difficult to obtain. The Dutch have not 
interfered with the natives much as yet, and have not taken away their firearms, as 
they are gradually doing all over their colonies, much to the advantage of the animal 
life, for Dyaks devour everything they can kill. I myself saw very much less life 
than on the Sempang, and far less than in southeast Borneo, where the natives were all 
disarmed several years ago. The Dyaks kill far more with their ‘‘bétantik, ” or spear 
traps, than by shooting, except in the case of orang-utan. The Dyaks are extremely 
fond of the meat of these, and it is useless to look for orangs anywhere in the neighbor- 
hood of a Dyak settlement. I could hear nothing of Sus gargantua, and probably it 
does not occur in that part of Borneo, nor could I hear anything of the ‘‘rimau, ” or 
tiger, which was said to inhabit the Sempang district. A few rhinoceroses are said to 
inhabit the neighborhood of Mount Kedio and a few sapi utan (Bos sondaicus) on its 
west slopes on the headwaters of the little river Tingar. This is the only place on or 
near the west coast of Borneo where wild cattle occur. The Malays told me they also 
existed in some places on the upper Pasaguan River—that is the next large river north 
of the Kendawangan. The country about Mount Kedio is uninhabited, and there is 
said to be much animal life there. Fifty or sixty years ago the district was inhabited 
by Dyaks, but these, becoming involved in war with the Malay rajah, left their homes 
and fled into the interior. All over this corner of Borneo occur shghtly elevated 
sandy tracts covered with small trees (or smaller trees than the surrounding forest); 
these are locally called ‘‘padang,’’ which is Malay for meadow. Much of this land and 
a good deal of the drier forest was burned over six or seven years ago, during a period of 
excessive drought. No rain fell for four or five months, a most unusual occurrence in 
any part of Borneo, where ordinarily rain falls every month in the year, and there is 
no proper dry season. The following animals, in addition to some already mentioned, 
were well known to the natives, but none was obtained during this trip: Mydaus, 
called bébot by Malay and kalinsida by Dyaks; Reithrosciurus; Felis nebulosa, 
rimau dahan; Felis marmorata?, a wild cat with a large tail, was caught by a Malay 
in a snare, but for some reason was not brought to me; Paradoxurus philippinensis; 
Gymnura, local name dngkis. 

Batu Jurong.—Batu Jurong is the southerly point of a range of hills which stretch 
north-northeast to Mankol on the Kendawangan River. I anchored in a small strait 
between Pulo Irasand the mainland. Two or three Malay families lived here and had 
their clearings. Pigs were plentiful; kijang (muntjacs) and rusa were also common, 
but the Malays were continually after them with their dogs. South of this there are no 
inhabitants in the southwest corner of Borneo, and until recently none on the south 
coast west of the Sungei Jelai. Lately, however, about a dozen families of Malays 
have made clearings on the lower course of the Sungei Ayer Hitam Besar. Animals 
were said to be plentiful, especially rusa, about Tanjong Kepala, where there is said 
to be large tracts of short grass. I saw two orangs and the sarongs (nests) of many more 
about 2 miles east of Batu Jurong, where I shot one female. 

Mankol.—Mankol lies along the Kendawangan River for about 2 miles. There 
are about 25 or more houses altogether. At this point the north end of the range of 
hills (400 to 800 feet high) approaches the river. Animals were scarce, as most of the 
people had guns, and the jungle in the hills and along the base was full of old jerats and 
pagars (traps and snares). A few orangs were said to 6ccur, but I saw no traces. 

Lanchut.—Lanchut is now without inhabitants. It was formerly the most impor- 
tant village on the river and the residence of the rajah. The ground along the river 
is quite high and dry and covered with secondary jungle and long grass for some dis- 
tance back from the river. Four or five miles due east rises Mount Kedio, in an 
uninhabited district covered with heavy forest. 


no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON, oO 


Kiumpane Bay, SOUTHEASTERN Borneo, January 8—March 13, 1908, and April 


18-19, 1909, 
Tanjong Batu lies at the north entrance of Klumpang Bay. The hill is 3 or 4 


miles long and 1,200 feet at its highest point.. It is covered with heavy forest, 


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© arends Island 
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Fig. 2.—MApP OF SOUTHEASTERN BORNEO. 


except at the south end, where there are some pepper gardens and a good many old 
clearings covered with scrub and coarse grass. The timber is very good, containing 
much bilian (iron wood). A range of lower hills extends north of this to Bukit Batu 
near the Sampanahan River and Pamukang Bay. This range of hills is evidently an 


58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


ancient island, joined to the mainland by the elevation of the land and also by silting 
up a wide tract of mangrove swamp lying in the intervening space. As one ascends 
the river, a few miles from the bay, evidences of elevation become everywhere visible 
in the masses of limestone coral projecting from the swampy surface. In many cases 
the flat surface of the ancient reef is but a few inches below the mud or actually on the 
surface. A little farther an irregular line of limestone hills, mostly with precipitous 
and waterworn sides, runs in a general direction parallel with the coast. The 
uncleared land is all heavy forest. Many old clearings and some new exist in the 
neighborhood of the rivers. The population of the coast is made up of Bugis, Banjer, 
and other Mohammedan Malay tribes. Inland is a large Dyak (pagan) population. 
The Dutch annexed this district in 1905. 

Pangkallahan (or Bangkallaan) River.—Kampong Pangkallahan is about 7 miles 
up the river of the same name and is the residence of the mankoh, or head of the Dyaks 
of the district. The country is covered with splendid forest, with only a few clear- 
ings. There are ranges and scattered hills of precipitous limestone rock. Animals 
seemed scarce, as usual in Dyak districts, everything hunted off or driven away by” 
the Dyaks and their dogs. They have very few guns and no powder. About a half 
mile above the village is the lower entrance to the Temmelung or tunnel of the Pang- 
kallahan. This tunnel cave, through which the river flows, swarms with bats as well as 
with edible birds’-nest swifts, hundreds of thousands of their nests being collected 
annually. I could not devise any way of catching the bats, as I had no net and had 
not brought a gun for fear of a capsize, there being a dangerous rapid near the lower 
end of the tunnel. The Temmelung must be about 2 miles long, judging by the time 
we took passing through it. It is through limestone rock. I do not think the roof 
was anywhere very thick, at some places only 2 or 3 yards. That part of the country 
is full of Lhmestone hills and rocks all honeycombed with caves and passages. But 
bats did not seem to be present in the hundreds of holes I visited, except an occasional 
individual which I could not secure. Judging from the noise, for the light from the 
torches did little but accentuate the gloom, there must be hundreds of thousands in 
the Temmelung. Another tunnel occurs farther up the same river, but I did not 
visit it, as it was said to be very difficult of passage except by a very small canoe. 

Saratok River.—The Saratok is a small river flowing into Klumpang Bay. Two 
Dyak houses stood in a small new clearing. Back of this and extending eastward for 
nearly 2 miles was a large tract of alang alang (tall, coarse grass) covering several hun- 
dred acres. Ther: appeared to be a good many rusa here, but the grass, 4 to 5 feet 
high, made it very difficult to shoot anything. When the grass is burned off in the dry | 
season the place is said to be frequented by a herd of sapi utan (Bos sondaicus). There | 
were no tracks of these at the time of my visit. Most of my collecting was done near 
some limestone hills and rocks about a mile westward in the midst of splendid forest. 
Only the red Presbytis was seen here; near the coast only the black one existed. 

Besides the animals shot in Klumpang Bay I saw the long-tailed and the pig-tailed | 
macaques and Presbytis cristata. 

PAMUKANG OR TJENGAL Bay, March 17—April 7, 1908, and March 23-April 13, 1909. 

Musangs were generally scarce except the tangalunga, which was common. I | 
let most of those go which I caught in traps. The Mydaus was well known, but no— 
specimens were obtained. Gymnura must be very common, as one often smelt them | 
in the jungle, although none were obtained. The pig-tailed macaque was twice met 
with in droves, but none were secured. I met with Reithrosciurus twice on Bukit 
Batu. It was running on the ground in heavy forest. Its movements were so quick 
T could not shoot it. Its big bushy tail, carried high over its back, made the animal 
very conspicuous. I was much surprised to find that it is a ground squirrel. The 
headman of the Bajaus at Sungei Manungul, Pamukang Bay, said there used to be 
some rhinos in that locality, but he had seen no traces for years. 

Pasir River, December 31, 1908-January 22, 1909. 


no. 1809. MAMMALS FROW BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 59 


Baik Papan Bay, February 1-February 24, 1909. Balik Papan Bay extends 
nearly 18 miles in a northerly direction. Several rivers empty into it. The eastern 
shore is high and hilly for the most part, the western low and covered with mangroves. 
There were very few inhabitants when the Royal Dutch Oil Company first estab- 
lished its headquarters here about fifteen years ago. Now there is a large settlement, 
wharves, oil refineries, paraffin works, etc., and about 6,000 inhabitants, situated on 
the eastern entrance to the bay. It is an excellent harbor. The shores of the bay 
are still mostly heavy forest. The line of the bay probably coincides with that of a 
fault. The hills are mostly red laterite, but a line of limestone stretches southwest- 
ward not far from the head of the bay. Animal life is fairly plentiful. Banting (Bos 
sondaicus) were said to occur especially around the head of the bay. 

Puto Lamuxoran, May 7-10, 1907. Pulo Lamukotan is the largest of the Burong 
Islands, and hes about 10 miles off the mainland of Borneo. It is about 4 miles long 
by 1 mile wide. It consists of a long ridge with a low rock near the middle of the 
island. The highest point is near the southern end and is nearly 1,000 feet in height. 
Most of the surface is now cleared and the lower parts entirely planted with coconuts, 
which are very fine and healthy. The only heavy forest remaining covers the highest 
summit and the crest of the ridge on the southern part of the island, and a smaller 
piece on the summit of the northern ridge. The soil seems fertile and the surface is 
not very rocky, except upon the shore. The forest trees are very large in the remain- 
ing jungle. The other islands in the group, four in number, are smaller and have 
been entirely cleared and planted with coconuts. The inhabitants are Malays 
from Sambas. A Sciwras vittatus, a Macacus cynomolgus, a large pig, and three or 
more rats constitute the mammalian fauna. Pigs are not now very numerous, having 
been largely hunted off by Chinese from the mainland, who employ dogs. Pigs were 
formerly very abundant upon the other islands of the group (Penata and Kebun), 
but have been entirely exterminated upon these since the clearing of the jungle. 
Rats seemed pretty common. My traps were set in the jungle on the ridge near the 
highest peak. Fruit pigeons and Nicobar pigeons were fairly common. 

Puto Tremasu, May 5-6, 1907. (First visited by Doctor Abbott in 1905.) Pulo 
Temaju is now mostly cleared and planted with coconut. The only heavy forest 
remaining covers the summit and upper slopes of the highest peak. There are no 
mammals except Sciurus proserpine and rats. The coconut trees are not very pro- 
ductive and seem much diseased. 

Puto Datu, May 2-4, 1907. Pulo Datu les 21 miles from the coast of Borneo. It 
is about 14 miles long by three-fourths mile wide. It is very hilly (mountainous) 
and rocky, and rises to about 1,000 feet. It is covered with heavy forest, except 
at some places on the east side, where some clearings have been made and a few 
coconuts planted. The clearings are now overgrown with large secondary jungle, 
as the rats swarm to such an extent it is impossible to grow anything. Squirrels 
(Sciurus vittatus group) were plentiful. No monkeys. I put out about forty rat 
traps one night. Nearly every one was sprung in the morning, but many of the rats 
had been devoured by land or hermit crabs. White fruit pigeons and Nicobar pigeons 
were common. There are no sand beaches, but plenty of fresh water flows out beneath 
the rocks, on the east side at any rate, between high and low water marks. Mus 
“rattus”’ appeared to be more abundant then M. ‘‘lingensis,’’? but the hermit crabs 
showed marked preference for the latter and spoiled most of those caught. 

Puto PANEBANGAN, May 16-26, June 2-3, and September 20-21, 1907. Pulo 
Panebangan lies 8 miles from Pulo Maja, which is practically the mainland of Borneo. 
It is about 4 miles long by 2 to 3 wide, containing about 6,000 to 7,000 acres, It is 
very hilly, scarcely any level ground. The highest point is said to be 1,700 feet. 
It is uninhabited and covered with dense jungle. Rattans (of an almost valueless 
variety) abound, and the jungle is so matted up with rattans and their flagella as 
to be impenetrable. In some places the jungle seems to have been cleared at some 


60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


previous period, as at the head of the small bay on the north side. Macacus cynomolgus 
was the only monkey seen. There is no lotong (Presbytis). The ratufa is probably 
fairly common, as I frequently heard it. I only actually saw the three which were 
shot. I thought I saw and heard Nannosciurus on one occasion, but am not certain. 
There is no napu or large tragulus. No deer occurs; no otter tracks seen; and the 
tangalunga trapped was the only musang seen. The small Hipposideros was very 
common, flying about in the daytime; the larger one was less common. ‘There were 
several other species of bats flying about in the forest in daylight, but I failed to 
secure any. No Rhinolophus were seen. Another musang is said to occur and also 
a red flying squirrel. Pigs were plentiful. All those noticed upon the beach seemed 
to be males. We did not once see a small one out of two or three dozen individuals. 
Possibly the old males appropriate the beaches and reefs, which are the best feeding 
grounds, and drive away intruders. The pigs were all very lean and gaunt. Up to 
the present there are no inhabitants, although there are many durians, mangos, and 
chempadak. We heard that some Karimata people propose to come in July, 1907, 
and form plantations. 

Puro Pexaris, May 29-June 1, 1907. Pelapis, a group of four islands, lies 34 miles 
southwest of Panebangan and 17 miles from Karimata. The islands are all hilly and 
rocky and covered with forest. The highest point is about 1,200 feet. The total area 
is about 5,000 acres. South Island (also called Pelapis Tengah) is the largest and is 
nearly 2? miles long. AJ] collecting was done upon this island. Some years ago some 
Malays and Karimata people settled upon South Island and farmed some plantations 
of coconuts, etc., but three years ago an epidemic broke out, many died and the rest 
of the settlers fled, and to-day scarce a trace of human occupancy can be seen. Besides 
the animals obtained, the flying lemur and the common long-tailed macaque occur. 
No tragulus, no musangs, or no ratufas occur. The pigs come out upon the sand 
beaches and reefs at low tide, and can be shot without much difficulty. Bats were 
flying about in the forest on Pelapis, but not nearly so many as upon Panebangan. 
None were obtained. 

Karimara Istanps, Telok Edar, Karimata Island, October 4-7, 1908. (First visited 
by Dr. W. L. Abbott in 19085. ) 4 

Puro Juanta, September 10-11, 1907. Pulo Juanta is a small island, 63 miles 
‘from the mainland, about 1 kilometer long by 4 wide. It is about 300 feet high. 
The greater part is covered with heavy forest, but a clearing was made about four 
years ago and an attempt made to plant coconuts, but nothing could be grown owing 
to the rats and-pigs. About thirty pigs were killed, but many remained. There are 
still a few on the island, but I could neither shoot nor trap them. There are no squir- 
rels on the island. 

Puto Bauwat, June 12-16, 1908. Pulo Bauwal (or Rendezvous Island) lies near 
the southwest corner of Borneo. It is about 15 miles from Tanjong Sambar, which 
is the extreme southwest point. Bauwal is about 6 geographic miles long by 5 in 
extreme width and contains about 12,000 acres. The strait separating it from the 
mainland is from 4 to 6 miles wide and 4 to 12 fathoms deep. The island is sur- 
rounded by wide coral reefs and hard rocks. The island is composed of hard red 
rock (iron ore?) and is rather low. There are two or three hills, rising to about 300 
feet to the tops of the trees. The surface is rolling and covered with forest. There 
is some mangrove swamp. A house, inhabited by Pontianak Malays, is on the east 
coast, and five houses inhabited by Orang Laut from Karimata were established near 
the northwest corner about three years ago. The fauna is rather peculiar in that there 
are no squirrels, traguli, rusa, or pigs. Muntjacs and tangalungas are common. 

SotomsBo (not shown on map), December 4-6, 1907. The island of Solombo, or 
Masolombo Besar, is about 4 miles long by about 2 wide. The surface is mostly rather 
low and rolling, and there is one hill about 250 feet high. The rock seems to be nearly 
all volcanic, except, of course, the coral around the shore. The island is surrounded 


no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 61 


by acoral reef. It lies midway between Madura and Borneo, 84 miles to each. There 
is quite a large population, 300 to 400 of Bugis and Madurese. The island has been 
settled about forty years. Most of the heavy forest has been cleared, except about the 
hill. The soil, dark red, with many stones and rocks of lava upon the surface, is very 
fertile, and produces large crops of paddy and maize. The only mammals I saw were 
flying foxes, which were quite common. Rats were said to be plentiful. There are 
no monkeys or squirrels. There are said to be many sapi or feral cattle (Bos sondaicus), . 
and the natives were very anxious for me to go and shoot some, but I did not have 
time to doso. They are said to have been running wild a long time. Birds are very 
plentiful. The anxiety as to the safety of my schooner prevented me from doing as 
much as I would have liked, besides cutting short my stay, for the wind went around 
to the northwest and we had to get out on short notice. I should like to have putin 
several more days and visited Pulo Solombo Kitchil. There are no people upon the 
latter and it is still uncleared forest. Birds are said to be very plentiful there. 

BaweEAan Istanp, November 24-27, 1907. (Not shown on map.) Bawean Island 
lies about 60 miles north of the Straits of Madura. It is about 11 miles long by 10 
wide, the area being about 100 square miles. The surface is mountainous, several of 
the hills rising from 2,000 to 2,200 feet. The island is volcanic, the rocks being mostly 
lava and basalt, with some limestone. There are extensive coral reefs around the 
coast. Many volcanic cones are scattered about and there are several hot springs. 
A beautiful lake of about 15 acres called the Telaga occupies the extinct crater of the 
mountain of the same name. The island is densely inhabited around the coasts, 
the population being about 50,000. Most of the men go to Java, the Straits, and 
Sumatra is search of work. Nearly all the saises in Singapore and Penang are 
Beyanese. One sees but few males between the ages of 18 and 40 in Bawean. The 
“women weave the mats of pandanus, for which the island is famous, and which are 
exported all over the archipelago. Animal life is not plentiful. Remarkably few 
birds are to be seen. As for mammals, pigsare very common. The only ones obtained, 
however, were young—too small to be of any use as specimens. The rusa (Cervus 
kuhli)*is not numerous, and is only found in a few localities. The only specimens 
obtained were three pairs of horns from the kampong of Tombak on the north side 
of the island. It is more numerous on the hills behind Tombak than at any other 
place. There is also a porcupine, possibly two species, a musang, a Manis, and what 
appears to be an otter, but they do not seem to be common, and none were obtained. 
Pteropus was very common, but no other bats were seen. The cattle are the tame 
variety of Bos sondaicus, which has been introduced from Bali. They are not used 
for milk, but are employed to some extent for draft and plowing. A few buffaloes 
are also kept. There is but little virgin forest left upon Bawean. The largest piece 
lies upon the northern slopes of the central mountain mass, especially Gunong Besar 
and the Telaga. There is also a tract upon the west coast which I did not visit, 
however, and there are some small patches on the eastern and southern slopes of the 
mountains. The rest of the island is toa great extent covered with small scrub and 
giant bamboos. Mangos and jack fruit escaped from cultivation form much of the 
jungle. The scrub is everywhere traversed by the trails formed by the numerous 
cattle. 

ARENDS (or KERAMIAN) IstAND, November 24, 1908. (See map, p. 57.) 

Puto Mata Siri, December 7-11, 1907, and November 25-December 1, 1908. 
Mata Siri is the largest of the Laurot or Laut Kitchil Islands. It is 74 miles long by 
14 broad, is 1,400 feet high. There is scarcely any level ground, the whole island 
being hilly, consisting of a long ridge dividing into two peninsulas at its northeast 
end, inclosing the bay of Telok Sungei. Itisa good, safe harbor, and we lay there in 
security, although the westerly monsoon was blowing strong at the time. The other 
two islands of the group, Kalambau and Kadapangan, are each about one-half the 
size of Mata Siri, and each consists of one long ridge. The islands are of granite 


62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


formation, with but little coral reef around them. Rats of one species were very 
plentiful; a very pale Sciwrus vittatus was common, so was the ordinary long-tailed 
macaque. Ishotone Pteropusanda pair of Cynopterus, also another bat ( Megaderma?), 
but it was lost in the jungle. A muntjac (or kijang) is common, but I only had a 
glimpse of one. As the island is covered with dense unbroken jungle it is almost 
impossible to shoot them. The animal only occurs on Mata Siri. It is possible it 
may have been introduced by man. We heard them barking daily, and they must 
be very numerous. None of the group is permanently inhabited, but Malays visit 
the islands from Pulo Laut and Pasir to collect turtles’ eggs and birds’ nests. Evi- 
dently there have been some clearings and cultivations in the past, as there is sec- 
ondary jungle in some places which is now almost indistinguishable from the original 
forest. My crew saw a dugong in the bay. 

Puto Laut, December 16-29, 1907. Pulo Laut is a large island lying at the 
southeast corner of Borneo. The strait separating it is about 30 miles long and from 
1 to 3 miles wide. The depth is 4 to 10 fathoms. The island 1s 55 geographic miles 
long by 20 wide. The north end is very hilly, the highest points being about 2,300 
feet. Most of the rest of the surface iscomparatively flat, with isolated hills. There 
is a large population of Bugis and Banjer people. The higher hills are still mostly 
covered with heavy forest, but much of the lower land has been cleared for paddy 
and pepper cultivation. ‘This last is the staple production of the island. Some coal 
is mined in the hills at the north end. Kota Baru, near the northern entrance to the 
strait, is the seat of the Dutch Kontroleur of the district, and is quite a busy little 
place. The mammals of Pulo Laut are as follows: Rusa and Sus barbatus, both com= 
mon; some very big pig (Sus gargantua?) said to occur; there is said to be a large red 
flying squirrel; napus were common, and a smaller kanchil was said to be less com 
mon, but I did not see it; Bos sondaicus may be truly wild (not feral) on Pulo Laut, 
as it is common on the opposite mainland; it is said to be numerous on Pulo Bira 
Birahan on the south coast of Pulo Laut; it is only one mile long and must have been 
introduced there. Gibbons, Nasalis larvatus, pig-tailed macaques, and Mydaus do 
not occur on Pulo Laut. . 

Puto Sesuxu, December 31, 1907-January 5, 1908. Pulo Sebuku lies east of Pulo 
Laut, from which it is separated by a shallow strait only a mile wide in some places. 
The strait about the middle has only about a foot of water at low tide. Sebuku is 
174 geographic miles long by about 5 wide. The highest point is only about 400 
feet and the whole island is low but not swampy. The surface is mostly rolling. 
The inhabitants are mostly Bugis and Banjer people. It is thinly inhabited and the 
surface is still covered with heavy forest. The soil is red. Some black pepper is 
grown, and billian wood is cut. The Bugis build small praus here. As the strait 
separating Sebuku from Laut is so shallow, particularly at the northern end, I had to 
anchor the schooner near the northern end of the island, between the northwest point 
and the small coconut-covered island of Manti. Here we lay a mile offshore, just 
afloat at low tide. Rats were very plentiful in the jungle, Sciurus ‘‘vittatus” com- 
mon; so was the ratufa, which seems much the same as that of Pulo Laut, but is a 
little smaller. The ordinary long-tailed macaque is the only monkey. A small napu | 
is very common, although I secured but one pair. Pigs and rusa occur, and musangs | 
are said to occur, although I did not meet with them. No tupaias were noticed. 


No. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 63 


DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES, WITH CRITICAL ANNOTATIONS 
AND LISTS OF SPECIMENS. 


MANIS JAVANICA Desmarest. 


1907. Manis javanica, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 548, December 
24, 1907. 


Two specimens from Pontianak, collected in 1905. 


BOS SONDAICUS Schlegel and Miiller. 


1839-1844. Bos sondaicus SCHLEGEL AND Miiuer, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederl. 
Bezitt., p. 197, pls. 35-39. 

Two specimens, skins and skulls, from Pamukang Bay—an adult 
female, Cat. No. 1543885, collected in 1909, and a female calf, Cat. No. 
151865, collected in 1908. The general body color of the adult lies 
between Ridgway’s hazel and chestnut; a conspicuous narrow black 
stripe extends down the back from behind the shoulders to base of 
tail; from the base of the neck to the beginning of the black stripe 
there is an inconspicuous reddish stripe due to a general brightening 
of the general body color; the general color effect of the head and 
neck is something between russet and wood brown; the underparts are 
almost blackish; the ‘‘stockings,’’ buttock patch, inside of ears, and 
the chin vary from dirty white to cream-buff; the tail is long-haired, 
the upper two-thirds being of the body color, the terminal third 
blackish. The calf is similarly colored to the adult, but much duller, 
so that the general effect is much like russet. The colored illustra- 
tions of Bos sondaicus by Schlegel and Miller are good representations 
of the present specimens except that the adult female in the plate is 
rather dull. 

Measurements of the adult female: Head and body, 2,060 mm.; 
tail, 670; hind foot, 560; height at shoulder, 1,280; at rump, 1,310; 
weight of cut-up carcass without entrails, 386 pounds (175 kilos); 
estimated live weight, 500 pounds (227 kilos); basal length of skull, 
405mm.; condylo-basal length, 434; zygomatic width, 175; maxillary 
toothrow, 128; mandibular tooth row, 135. 

This was quite common about Pamukang Bay, and I wasted much time in trying 
to get a specimen. Twice I was close to herds containing good bulls, but all my 
heavy rifle cartridges had gone bad. The cartridges had been five years on the 
Terrapin [Doctor Abbott’s schooner] and the caps would not explode. To what 
extent these cattle are indigenous and to what extent, if any, feral, it is impossible 
to say. They are also found wild upon Pulo Laut, and even it is said on the small 
island of Bira Birahan, near the south end of Laut. They could not have been 
indigenous on that little island, only a mile long. At the present day very few 
cattle are kept by the natives. But the praus from Madura and Bali bring up many 
Bali cattle for beef every year. These and the wild ones look just alike,—W. L. A, 


64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


TRAGULUS NAPU BORNEANUS (Miller). 


1902. Tragulus borneanus MILLER, Proc. Biol.. Soc. Wash., vol. 15, p. 174, 
August 6, 1902. 

1907. Tragulus borneanus, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 550, Decem- 
ber 24, 1907. 

Doctor Abbott has collected thirty specimens of Tragulus of the 
napu group in Borneo and on the large Pulo Laut. A careful com- 
parison of these with a large number of specimens from various 
localities in Sumatra, the type-locality of napu, shows that the 
Sumatran and Bornean napus are almost identical in point of size, 
color, and cranial characters. The Bornean animal averages a very 
little smaller in most external and cranial measurements. (See table 
of measurements, p. 66.) At the same time the throat markings are 
slightly darker and the collar slightly wider than they are in typical 
napu. These differences, however, are very slight and not at all 
constant, and it is only possible to identify with certainty a little over 
half the specimens in each series. The specimens from Pulo Laut 
average slightly smaller in their cranial measurements than do those 
from Borneo proper, but not enough to justify their recognition as a 
distinct race. Externally there are no differences. Mr. Gerrit S. 
Miller, jr.,! has lately intimated that the Bornean napu would prove 
to be very closely related to if not identical with the Sumatran one. 
The following localities are represented in Doctor Abbott’s series: 
Kapuas River, 3; Sempang River, 2; Matan River, 4; Kendawangan 
River, 3; Saratok River, 1; Pamukang Bay, 4; Pulo Laut, 13. 

(For measurements of the adults of this series, together with those 
of the original series of Tragulus borneanus and of Sumatran napus, 
see table, p. 66.) 


TRAGULUS SEBUCUS, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult male; Cat. No. 151810, U.S.N.M.; 
collected on Pulo Subuku, off southeastern Borneo, January 4, 1908, 
by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5736. 

Diagnostic characters —A small member of the napu group, similar 
in size and color to Tragulus pretiellus Miller? of Pulo Bakong, Rhio- 
Linga Archipelago, but blacker above and with posterior pair of dark 
throat markings almost clear blackish instead of mixed blackish and 
ochraceous. 

Color.—Upper parts of body, a mixture of black and ochraceous, 
the former in excess; sides of body similar, but the ochraceous light- 
ening to ochraceous buff, or buff; under parts of body white, but much 
suffused in the middle line with pale ochraceous buff, this latter color 
also forming a fairly well defined line between the color of the sides and 


1The Mouse Deer of the Rhio-Linga Archipelago: A Study of Specific Differentiation under Uni- 
form Environment. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, p. 4, September 1, 1909. 
2Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 253, September 11, 1906, 


No. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 65 


that of the under parts; top and sides of head and neck a rather pale 
or dull tawny ochraceous mixed with some black. A blackish line ex- 
tends from inner canthus of eye to nose, and on either side of this the 
tawny ochraceous is rather clear, over a narrow triangular area on 
top of head it is considerably mixed with black. The usual black 
nape stripe is barely indicated. Throat pattern composed of four 
Vs. The first or most anterior V white and bordering the interramial 
glandular area, except near the middle of the area where there is a 
small ochraceous spot; second V ochraceous, lined by a few blackish 
hairs; third V white; fourth V black, except at the point which is 
prolonged into an ochraceous, slightly mixed with blackish, line about 
25 mm. long and passes through the point of the third V to blend 
with the point of the second V. The sides of the black V are broad 
and conspicuous. The collar is a mixture of blackish and ochraceous 
in nearly equal proportions. A narrow line, 2 to 5 mm. wide, mixed 
blackish and ochraceous in varying proportions, extends from the 
collar across the white of the chest and into the ochraceous suffusion 
of the under parts. Outer side of legs mixed tawny ochraceous and 
blackish, inner side with a narrow white line, bordered on either side 
by almost clear ochraceous or tawny ochraceous; tail above like 
back, beneath and at tip white. 

Skull and teeth.—Aside from their smaller size for a member of the 
napu group, these show no noteworthy characters. 

Measurements.—External measurements of the type and of a 
paratype, a female with the last permanent molars not yet cut; 
Cat. No. 151809. Head and body, 485, 490 mm.; tail, 70, 75; hind 
foot, including hoofs, 123,125; weight, 2.3, 2.7 kilos. Cranial measure- 
ments: Greatest length, 102.7, 95.7 mm.; upper length, 94, 88.2; 
condylo-basal length, 94.4, 90; greatest length of nasals, 28.6, 27.9; 
zygomatic breadth, 46.1, 43.5; breadth of braincase above roots of 
zygomata, 33.8, 32.8; mandible, back of condyle to front of symphy- 
sis, 79.7, 74.5; maxillary toothrow, alveoli, 34.6, ——*; mandibular 
toothrow, alveoli, 38.8, a 

Specimens examined.—Two, both from Pulo Sebuku. 

Remarks.—Aside from Tragulus pretiellus, the only species with 
which TJ. sebucus needs comparison is T. nigricans Thomas.? The 
latter, however, is a larger animal, “apparently about the size of 
T. napu,”’ has a more distinct nape stripe, and the throat pattern 
considerably different. The posterior dark V is black in color to and 
including the apex of the V, and the apex is not prolonged into a pro- 
nounced line different in color from the rest of the V. 


1 Last molars not through alveoli. 
2 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 9, p. 254, March, 1892. 


80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——5 


66 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


in nnn EEESnEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEDI 


Measurements of adult napus. 


oo =) 
AS 4 
E 5 
a S 8 
Cata- He ot 2 os 
Name. Locality. logue Sex. & os Q ig 
No. ro aa ES a n 
eyo es ae 
q SS 
a | Ig bh | 
He ar SBE o | 8 
mle |i Bale 
mm.|mm.|mm.| kilos.| mm. 
T. napu napu....-- Sumatra, Tapanuli | 114434 | Male....| 550 | 70 | 146} 4.0] 107.6 
Bay. 
WOLFE ees saan Sumatra, Siak region..| 144132 |...do....-. 554 83 | 152 | 4.1 | 103.9 
DOS ets soon eee (6 Koa OS AS nie on 144133 |. ..do..... 590 | 100 | 156} 4.2} 108.5 
1 DC ee Gare otc lene ae GO%e So aieecee eas 144136 | Female -| 550 | 90] 154] 4.1 | 104.4 
IDO Sato e eee er cee QOveescctace ees 144139 |...do..... 550 | 100 | 150} 4.2 | 103.8 
WMO sie oes Sumatra, Aru Bay....| 143481 | Male 588 | 92] 147] 4.0] 111.9 
1D YORE aS Sees eee GOs seesee steels 143483 |...do....- 565 90 | 146 3.6) | LOT ti 
T. napu borneanus - Bomee; Suanalamba | 442299 |...d0.....].....]-.--- B46 gle cee 101.8 
iver. 
Doss cers os Borneo, Kinabatan- | 34905 | Female .j_....]....-|.....]...-.- 107.8 
gan River. 
PAD ORS Asn cece cen COMA t eS sees $2884). 300. - 252] soso STAD | soe -e 103.8 
IDOlteeos mest oe Borneo, Sapagaya | 42243 |...do....-].....|...-- 5136 |------ 103.7 
River. 
1D Yeas See eee |e ese Oe eeeonns Matas bY 2 es | Benes Pe aee! Beare BISON |e seen 107.6 
1D SES ee ee ea eee Ob Re eee nee” EPSRe |. 20s... ofS a|e see BIBT Lal eee = 108.5 
DOf sce cer: Borneo, Kapuas River} 49772 | Male....].....]..-.-|.....]------ 103.6 
IDO See eee lUEe es (3 Foyer Seapets oa ehin 142345 |e aed Osesan ns cctel ae ceeleeeen| eee 96.7 
Yo hated ite Pre rae Hee C6 {0 eae eS See EY 142346 | Female -} 545 | 85] 140] 4.6 | 100.8 
Dost Aes tre Borneo, Matan River. -}| 145345 | Male. 565 | 85] 157} 4.1 | 105.5 
ID Osea eee Borneo, Kendawan- | 153753 |...do-...-. 525 | 65] 147) 3.2] 104.9 
gan River. 
IDO sade tasers noes (eee ane aaeecss 153743 | Female -| 560 |... .- 148 | 4.5 | 107.0 
IDO: eeessheenel ace Cleo seems semen N5SCODN| ee Oseeee 531 85 | 143 2.8 | 101.1 
DON GR eae tee Borneo, Saratok River | 151811 | Male 545 | 83] 147] 4.0] 108.5 
1DYa eae ae ee Borneo, Pamukang | 151813 |...do....- 550 | 90] 140] 3.5] 104.0 
Bay. 
1DY ease ae aL eee dose eee eee 151814 |...do..... 565 | 70] 148] 3.7 | 111.0 
ID OS eee eer ae Borneo, Balik Papan | 154344 |...do....-. 535) | 100!) 14 2a esse 107.0 
ay. 
DO Ee easter alaeses OO ass cemccsoecece 1543465 |SeeGOseee DOOR nO) el aon | eee 105. 0 
DOreeo-c eee ous |b eee dotaser hoses 154345 | Female .} 572] 98 | 147 |....-- 105.5 
DOtsessese wee BulosWautee-s-ees--2- 151798 | Male. HoOn| = Ont 5 On| seen 101.3 
dD Yee tae ere | SES GORE eee tees 151800 |...do..... 520} 80] 145] 3.2 | 100.7 
DOS Serene Pama GOsS ese accesses 1518020 |eeGOneese 550 | 80/148] 3.5 | 103.0 
TD Oe ee oe aa OW Se ee esssseeas see 151806): do- 225: 525 90 | 144 3.3 | 101.0 
DOVE een rani: Sem does s8 Sateeeesatne 1518087|eead0lse.- 532 | 80} 141] 3.6 | 101.6 
WO -2ee eae st eee oss. eae 151796 | Female.| 520} 80 | 146 ]..._-.. 106.4 
LO Neer see | St oe dot kaa eee ae T5101 Sa dosese= 570 83 | 152 4.2 | 103.4 
DORE as eres Henne GO es ee oes ec ee 151803i9|2--G02-.-5 572) 75 |) 495) aa) Ob 7, 


1 Collector’s measurements. 


2Measured by writer. 
8 Collector’s measurements in pounds and quarters computed into kilograms. 
4 Type. 
5 This measurement can be considered approximate only. 


TRAGULUS KANCHIL LONGIPES Lyon. 


| Zygomatic width. 


Maxillary toothrow (al- 
veoli) 


1907. Tragulus hosei, Lyon (not of Bonhote), Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 
549, December 24, 1907. 
1908. Tragulus kanchil longipes Lyon, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, p. 628, 
September 14, 1908. 


Doctor Abbott has collected a total of twenty-five specimens of T’ra- 
gulus of the kanchil group in western and southwestern Borneo and 
one in southeastern Borneo. 
Kapuas River, 1; Sempang River, 9; Batu Jurong, 1; Kendawangan 
It is with much hesitation that I 
have referred them to T'ragulus kanchil longipes, the type-locality of 
which is the lowlands of eastern Sumatra, but I can find no essential 


River, 14, and Balik Papan Bay, 1. 


The following localities are represented: 


NO. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY--LYON. 67 


differences, however, between them. The necks of the Bornean speci- 
mens are perhaps not so brightly colored as are those of the Sumatran 
examples. Only one Bornean skin, Cat. No. 153740, from the Ken- 
dawangan River, has a distinct yellowish coloration, resembling the 
Tragulus fulvicollis * type, instead of several such specimens, as in the 
case of the Sumatran series. The length of hind foot, including the 
hoof, is essentially the same in the two series, and it is distinctly longer 
than it is in the typical Sumatran kanchils from Aru Bay and Tapanuli 
Bay. (See table of measurements, p. 68.) A careful study of this 
table shows that the range of variation of the Bornean skulls is slightly 
ereater than that of typical kanchil skulls from Sumatra; and that the 
skulls of males and females in Borneo are of essentially the same size, 
the males showing, however, more variation. In the Sumatran series, 
on the contrary, the skulls of females average larger than do those of 
the males. 

The relationship of the present series of kanchils from southwestern 
Borneo with Tragulus hosec (Bonhote)? of northern Borneo is not at 
all clear. The latter species is represented in the National Museum 
by the type of 7’. virgicollis Miller * and two poor skins, badly made 
up and much discolored by a salt-and-alum pickling fluid, from north- 
ern Borneo. The skulls of these three specimens are indistinguishable 
from skulls of 7’. kanchil or T. kanchil longipes. The skins, however, 
show the nape stripe to be darker, narrower, and better defined than 
it is in any of the Sumatran or west Bornean specimens. The Mount 
Dulit specimen has rather long hind feet; the hind feet of the other 
two from north Borneo appear shorter, but reliable measurements can 
not be taken from them. 

At present, judging by the material at hand, I believe that three 
forms of small Tragulus occur in Sumatra and Borneo: 7’. kanchil 
kanchil, from northern and western Sumatra; 7’. kanchil longipes, 
from the swampy lowlands of eastern Sumatra and the swampy low- 
lands of western and southwestern Borneo; 7’. kanchil hosei, from 
northern Borneo. 

(For measurements see table, p. 68.) 


TRAGULUS CARIMATZ Miller. 


1906. Tragulus carimatx Mituer, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 55, July 23, 
1906. 


Four specimens of a kanchil taken on Pulo Panebangan may be 
referred to Tragulus carimate Miller. The skins average darker and 
the nape stripe wider and darker than they do in specimens from the 
mainland of Borneo. Of the four specimens only one is adult. It 


1Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, p. 630, September 14, 1908. Type-locality, Pulo Bengkalis, off east 
coast of Sumatra. 

2Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 11, p. 239, March 1903. 

3 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 16, p. 37, March 19, 1903. 


68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. , VoL. 40. 


has the long maxillary tooth-row of 7. carimate. Sixteen specimens 


from Karimata in 1904. 

Measurements of the adult, Cat. No. 145352, male: Head and body, 
475 mm.; tail, 78; hind foot, including hoofs, 125; weight, 2.2 kilos; 
condylo-basal length of skull, 90.2; zygomatic width, 44.1; maxillary 
tooth-row, alveoli, 35. 


, 


Measurements of adult kanchils. 


= ' 
EI s Ss 
EB ne 
= o aq = 
. q Bo ~ 
Cata- ee en aa/ 8 3 = 
Name. Locality. logue Sex. B PSY) ea E So 
No. = ote cover | ae} ll 2 
q Om oO, } ics a 
& aie | 8 la 
uo) Satya ee) Om ines 
si) 2S | 2) Se 
3 ° pm 
Cie |e | elo nN | 
mm.|mm.| mm.|kilos.; mm, | mm. | mm. 
143488 | Male....| 442 | 75 | 123 | 1.7 | 86.0 | 43.0 | 31.7 
143489 |...do..... 456 | 70 | 126 | 1.5 | 87.4 | 43.3 | 32.0 
143492 |...do....- 445 | 65 | 116 | 1.7 | 84.0 | 43.5 | 30.6 
143497 |...do..... 460) ||| 70s 1225 |e 87.5 | 48.3 | 33.0 
143493 | Female..| 470 | 80 | 125 | 1.8 | 88.6 | 45.0 | 33.3 
143494 |...do..... 450:'| 70} 120 |..... 88. 25 teeee 30.5 
143495 |...do....- 455 | 75 | 114] 1.9 | 90.3 | 44.7 | 34.4 
143496 |...do....- 490 | 85 | 128) 2.2 | 92.2 | 45.7 | 32.9 
143498 |...do..... 457 TAU | AVAL We 89.9 | 438.2 | 32.9 
143499 |...do....- 470 | 80 | 124 | 2.2 | 91.4 | 42.9 | 32.2 
114419 | Male....} 432 75 | 117 | 1.6 | 84.4 | 40.6 | 31.7 
114420) |So adores. 442 | 95 | 129 | 1.6 | 85.9 | 41.8 | 32.7 
114427 |...do....- 430 | 70 | 123 | 1.6 | 87.0 | 41.7 | 33.0 
114426 |...do..... 425 | 60 | 121 | 1.5 | 85.8 | 41.6} 31.3 
114421 | Female..| 468 | 80 | 128 | 1.8 | 88.7 | 42.4 | 32.2 
1442290 Pe sdorees= 457 | 80 | 128] 1.8 | 86.6 | 42.2 | 33.4 
44230 Sead oseee 470 75 | 121 | 1.8 | 84.4 | 41.4 | 31.5 
| 114424 |...do..-.-. 465 | 70 | 122 | 1.8 | 87.5 | 42.5 | 33.8 
MEO Rano ERs 55\55aec|ssecslles585|lsac0n 87.3 | 39.9 | 32.0 
Tan OSCtseneee eee Borne: Kinabatangan | 42393 | Male....|.....|-..-- 4126 | 7.252 92.4 | 46.5 | 31.3 
iver. 
IW@}snooqsesacace Borneo, Sandakan.....- 49362 | Female .|.....|...-- saa eee 87.7 | 43.0 | 33.0 
DOM eeeckea2e50 Borneo, Mount Dulit....| 583941 | Male....|.....].-.-- 133) ss cawino ees pees eee 
T.k. longipes......-- Borneo, Kapuas River. .| 142348 |...do..... AS2 Renee 135 | 2.2 | 88.2 | 43.6 | 34.3 
IDX, Seg ocoseeare Borneo, Sempang River.’ 145354 |...do...-| 475 | 77 | 142 | 1.9 | 86.4 | 43.5 | 32.8 
d ows TE AAU eee 92.4 | 43.8 | 30.4 
75 | 139 | 1.6 | 84.1 | 41.7 | 30.2 
77 | 144 | 2.0 | 91.4 | 42.1 | 32.8 
60))| 189) 22522 88.0 | 41.2 | 30.4 
60) 133s een. 84.9 | 43.4 | 29.9 
10} | 1483 Fen. 93.8 | 43.9 | 31.0 
Tos 140 sleeeee 86.3 | 41.7 | 30.0 
xc ae US WARY Noe see 85.4 | 40.3 | 33.8 
IDO) cconseedosue Bone, Kendawangan | 153740 | Male....) 450 | 75 | 181 |.-..- 89.9 | 42.9 | 32.2 
iver. 
DOs escremteeicies ete eee Ob ye ecient ceeece eee 53742) |eendobes.r 445) | ifonlloon sees 87.5 | 42.0 | 33.8 
DORs see csemaaleseee dovseabsteee sade 15374472 22d0rccs. 445) 6d 130) hese 88.3 | 42.5 | 31.7 
DOe es <2 ninie)-|e == Ole Sad ncensadosneccs 6153748 |...do....- 450 | 85 /1133 |....- 92.2 | 42.4 | 32.4 
IDG Ree eeeenetred sancae OO emo s Soe ea 6153752 |. -do....- 455u|e 60) |b koosleeaee 84.2 | 40.8 | 29.4 
DOnGea oastecre| see 6 lo ee erie ees 15 S754 Pee GO see eau ecl ence | seeets eee 81.5 | 40.3 | 29.9 
IDG seenocosecoed atc. GOue cease Jae 153739 | Female..| 465 | 75 | 127 |..... 88.8 | 40.6 | 34.0 
IDG ee amseme eee beags Govin’ vemsencceeeene L53s7AbuEadolenee AQP (Goi 2o nl esas 82.5 | 40.4 | 30.4 
DORIS oe ceeeen oes ce CO Ro eee ate carte ee nw W5STA9N | eed Ob seee eee eeeee 135) |eecee 88.4 | 41.8 | 32.2 
IDG BE a aasceaorad| Boeoe dosseee shoo Seesocer 15375 1m eeadossees 460). 75 128i ees 87.7 | 43.0 | 32.6 
ID OSs mee tec Borneo; Balik Papan | 154350 | Male...-| 460 | 85 | 126 |...-- 89.0 | 44.0 | 32.4 
ay. 


1 Collector’s measurements. 

2 Measured by writer. 

3 Collector’s measurements in pounds and quarters computed to kilograms. 
4 Measurements only approximate. 

5 Type of Tragulus virgicollis, 

6 Skulls only. 


NO. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 69 


RUSA BROOKEI (Hose). 


1893. Cervus brookei Hosr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 12, p. 206. 

1906. Rusa brookei, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 585, December 18, 
1906. 

1907. Rusa brookei, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 550, December 24, 
1907. 


Twenty-three individuals of Rusa brookei are represented in Doctor 
Abbott’s recent collections from southwestern and southeastern Bor- 
neo, sixteen of them by antlers obtained from natives, and four by 
skins and skulls, and the remaining three by skulls and scalps. Two 
specimens were obtained along the Kapuas River in 1905. (For 
exact localities and the external, cranial, and antler measurements 
see tables, p. 70.) 

It is possible that more than one species is represented by this 
material. The skulls of the male specimens from southeastern Bor- 
neo average somewhat smaller than the skull of a fully adult male 
from the Sempang River. The skins of those from southeastern 
Borneo are decidedly different from that obtained in southwestern 
Borneo, but the difference is probably one of pelage. It is seen most 
clearly on the lower back. In the Sempang skin the color appears 
uniformly dark brownish, although the hairs are very light in color 
at the base; none of the hairs are annulated. In the specimens from 
southeastern Borneo the color is very bright and ‘‘reddish,’’ and a 
distinct grizzling is conspicuous. The individual hairs are almost 
whitish at their bases, gradually changing to a dark brownish about 
the middle portion, followed by a well-marked bright hazel ring and 
a blackish terminal band. A more or less well-defined blackish-brown 
stripe extends along the back of the animal. The pelage difference 
appears to be independent of season. The three specimens showing 
the grizzling were collected in February, April, and November, 
respectively; the dark ungrizzled skin was collected in August. 

The single specimen from Pulo Laut shows no noteworthy differ- 
ence from the mainland individuals. 

Generally common, especially about Pamukang Bay. Those found on Pulo Laut 
had much finer horns than those on the mainland. Two heads obtained at Pamukang 
Bay have extremely poor horns, but they are certainly not immature. Probably 


the food is better on Laut. There is good pasturage there. The carcasses of deer 
from both places are about the same size.—W. L. A. 


70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 
External and cranial measurements of Bornean sambars. 
=) 
hal a F 
3 Re a: 
a eee 
Cata- g 5 sell we rs 
Locality. logue Sex Age. & Pe eI 45/3 
No. od + ~~ 2 a — — 
5 s| 2 | 3/4 eae 
s = » ee = 
ao) ma 1g a ‘Sh 4] ro) ates 
3 = joy s rz Sb 
CP) ) {| o a Gs ag 
q a | q q = S) a iN 
mm. |mm.| mm.) mm. \kilos.| mm.) mm.) mm. 
Sempang River....... 145369 | Male....)| Nearly adult -.| 1,720 | 320 | 570 980i} tees 339 | 107 | 124 
eS SaeaEe ane 145370 |...do..... KGuilt ee eeaee ales Ba pidtecsclek =. lay ies 364 | 103 | 134 
Saratok River........ 151859 | Female#}.._.. do. 1,780 | 290 | 540 | 1,050 | £91 | 338 | 104 | 138 
Pamukane Bays.ssa-4|e lol S60) Malet ssi @ deems oe |e |e eel | Se eee 333 | 90] 133 
D : 1518618 Sand oseee Adult, young.| 1,600 | 240 | 480 | 1,040 |..... 320 | 103 | 136 
154382 | Female .|..... do 1,670 96} 134 
151858 |/...do..... Adult 97 | 136 


RUSA KUHLII (Miiller and Schlegel). 


1839-44. Cervus kuhlii MiLueER AND ScuHLeGen, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederl. 


Bezitt., p. 223. 


Three pairs of antlers of this small deer were brought back by 


Doctor Abbott, from the island of Bawean, the type-locality. 


(For 


measurements see the last three specimens mentioned in the table 


below.) 


Measurements of antlers of Sambars from Borneo and Pulo Bawean. 


Cireum- | Circum- | Length | Burr to 
Cata- | ference of| ference of| of antler | tip of 
Locality. logue. antler antler along | brow tine 
No. above above |convexity|along con- 
burr. |browtine.| of curve. | vexity 
mm.? mm.? mm.* mm.? 
Upper Senmipante Riverssse ye eee eee eee 145369 | 80 (8)| 65 (8)| 281 (8)} (9) (8) 
EDO Bee ees ee oye Cen ea en See ta 145370 | 154 143 | 109 102 | 370 406 | 122 115 
PoloyBatwalesce 4.2 50.-a sso erent 153773 | 146 147 | 107 107 | 412 410 | 234 236 
Kendawanganthiverz ioe sce ee an seen 153774 | 175 178 | 131 1380 | 409 395 | 128 122 
164 160] 118 115 | 435 442 | 208 217 
136 135] 100 95 | 394 405 | 215 212 
112 111] 93 90) 4385 423 | 167 161 
172 177 | 102 105 | 415 407 | 200 187 
145 146 | 122 116 | 416 405 | 235 239 
145 142) 160 103 | 496 467 | 147 188 
WL 75) 122, @t)| 450 195 | 215 G4) 
163 163 | 108 103 | 466 440 | 245 248 
220 (18)| 178 (8) |.445 (13)] 218 (13) 
200 204 | 167 170 | 4382 485 | 205 233 
167 163 | 148 146 | 545 562 | 200 195 
25S RAPE SeE NORE Ans ee im ghee aoe See S 151857 | 157 167 | 110 110} 436 435 | 240 230 
legzhaalibiltezh ald 8 {hy Aa ete ae eee eran le | hile n 14151860 | 98 98} 82 81] 319 341] 68 60 
Cah ESD SASH rose aS eee mete eee ane 151861 | 101 100) 85 81) 287 274] 105 95 
UippemRasinyRivenss tesa saan stern ne 154413 | 172 173 | 189 139 | 438 435 | 6) 255 
Saratai Raver. iacc oes saa leet nee aaa 154414 | 150 149 | 120 112 | 472 485] 185 172 
iBaweanslslandeesscar cnc cee re eee eae 151853 | 95 95] 62 64] 324 315] 118 110 
DO) Seyi se ee eee oe RS Hie Ranta ai 151854 | 112 115) 75 75) 372 874] 192 165 
ED) Os Ss ey eS ea RR ME ek 151855 | 102 105 | 70 70} 354 358] 142 136 
1 Collector’s measurements. 10 A bsent. 


*Collector’s figures in pounds computed to kilo- 


grams. 


8 Last molars about half way through alveoli. 


4Embryo in uterus. 
5 Estimated by collector. 
6 Gutted. 


7 First figure, left antler; second, right antler. 


8 Broken off. 


11 Spike antler on right side. 


12 A two pointed tine. 


13 A left dropped antler only. 
M4 Fully adult as judged by toothwear, but note 


small size of antlers. 
15 Antlers deformed. 
16 Broken. 


®Tmmature, last molars just coming through, brow tine alone present. 


Tip of 
apical 
tine to its 


no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. val 


MUNTIACUS PLEIHARICUS Kohlbrugge. 


1896. Cervulus pletharicus KouiBruaer, Natuurk Tijdschr. Nederlandsch- 
Indié, vol. 55, p. 192, and plate facing p. 260. Type-locality, Pleihari, 
southeastern Borneo. 

In 1906! I described as new a muntjac from the island of Banka, 
comparing it with specimens of Muntiacus moschatus from Sumatra, 
and with three Bornean muntjacs. At that time I assumed that 
there was only one species of muntjac on Borneo and used Kohl- 
brugge’s name pletharicus for it, thinking that the antlers he figured 
were slight variations from the normal type and having seen a pair 
of similar looking antlers from Tenasserim. Two of those Bornean 
specimens are females and the third is a pair of antlers from the 
Sakaiam River. With the much more abundant material that has 
been collected by Doctor Abbott in Borneo, I quite agree with 
Kohlbrugge that two distinct forms of muntjac occur on Borneo, 
and now consider that the two female specimens were correctly 
identified as M. pleiharicus in 1906, but that the single pair of antlers 
do not represent M. pleiharicus but belong to a species to be described 
below and of which the Banka animal is merely a slightly smaller 
geographic race. 

Doctor Abbott secured six specimens of Muntiacus pleiharicus, three 
from southwestern and three from southeastern Borneo; one young 
female, two immature males, and three adult males. The antlers of 
the adult males represent a much more extreme type than do those 
figured by Kohlbrugge. It is not improbable, however, that they 
are newly-formed antlers, although the bone forming them looks 
fully mature and as if they had not been recently covered with velvet. 
The following is a description of M. pleiharicus based on Doctor 
Abbott’s specimens: 

General color of the animal a light, dull ochraceous, somewhat like 
ochraceous-buff, darker and brighter along the middle line of the 
back and neck, where there is a considerable admixture of a brown 
somewhat like Prout’s forming an indistinct dorsal line; ears dull 
brownish on the outside, whitish on the inside; bases of ears similar 
to adjacent portions of head; chin, under side of neck, inner side of 
fore legs, and inguinal region whitish to cream-buff; hind legs and 
outer side of fore legs similar to the general pale ochraceous head and 
body color, except for a slight admixture of brownish along the 
lower legs, most marked on the fore legs; tail whitish, with a narrow 
dorsal stripe of dark brownish slightly mixed with ochraceous. 
Compared with the other species of Bornean muntjac, Cat. No. 
151863, adult male from Pamukang Bay, MV. pleiharicus is very dif- 
ferent. The general color of the other is a bright reddish-brown, 


—_—. 


1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 582, December 24, 1906. 


72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von, 40. 


very similar to Ridgway’s ferruginous, with a fine black grizzle, while 
the legs are dark brownish, in marked contrast to the ochraceous 
legs of M. pletharicus. 

There are three good adult male skulls of WM. pletharicus, each of 
them with little short spike antlers terminating much longer, slender 
pedicles. Unlike the antlers figured by Kohlbrugge, none of them 
show burrs. The length of the antlers vary between 22 and 35 mm., 
decidedly shorter than those figured by Kohlbrugge. The skulls of 
the other two males are immature, showing long, slender pedicles 
of soft, spongy bone, with as yet no differentiation of the tip into 
hard antler substance. 

The most striking characters of the skull of M. pletharicus are its 
smaller size and shorter and much slenderer antler pedicles. In 
addition to these, it differs in several minor details, such as extensive 
articulation of the upper extremity of the premaxilla with the nasal 
instead of just meeting the nasal; superior portion of the lachrymal, 
above the large pit, much narrower, the anterior supero-external 
surface of the malar narrower and more pointed; the arch over the 
posterior nares not smooth and rounded but marked by a more or 
less well-defined, rounded ridge, part of the basisphenoids; and inter- 
parietal about twice as wide as it is long, instead of about three 
times. The teeth of the two forms of Bornean muntjac donot show 
any striking differences; they are about the same size in the two 
species, hence relatively larger in M. pleiharicus. (See pl. 1, figs. 2 
and 4, and pl. 2, upper figure.) 

(For external and cranial measurements, see table below.) 


External and cranial measurements of Bornean muntjacs. 


) 
“, rr 
a bo 5 D 
, S S8 (/e\s 
Cata- Ss 3 =a/3/3 
Name. Locality. logu Sex. Age. S g a3 S|F 
No. = as a Rom) b A>) 
ql Sil Say Sem Opa eee lies 
3 © | + 4 14 Sy 
me eee erect syne vee S| || 
— a) a Ke) ta rs) 
3 etal Eesha ea o |8 a | po 
iS) B 
| eS ailing 
mm. |mm.|mm.| mm.| kilos. |\mm. |mm\mm 
M. pleiharicus. . ond ay anean 153769 | Female .| Young3.| 820 | 170 | 270 | 490 | 10 147 835 | 62 
iver. 
Don eee=e2=| 2-008 dose. sas 153740))| Miale-=2-|5--do:422- |) 913) | 170), 272) |easee 13 158 |447 | 75 
DOs a ensean esas s doles: 1537/10 ee donasss Olde eres ea Seen Manes | See eee 171 | 46 | 77 
DOs he Kiu mpang | 151862 |...do..... Adult...| 905 | 170 | 275 | 520 | 16 178 | 57 | 82 
ay. 
ID OMe se iP an ukang | 151864 |...do..... Young‘.} 850 | 185 | 270 | 525 | 59 166 |447 | 73 
ay. 
1DYO) RopeR SSB ees Gow eased: 154384 |...do..... Adult...} 900 | 150 | 272 | 540 | 14.5 | 167 | 52] 78 
IME RUDIdUs s- Se lees doit ees - |§151863 |...do..... pa Onee ee 1,000 | 170 | 290 | 580 |516.3 | 186 | 54} 88 
DOs e ee Pulo Mata Siri | 154383 | Female .|...do.-.-.. 1,006 | 150 | 254 | 518 | 25 185 | 54 | 88 
M. bancanus...| Banka........ 6124726 |...do..... eed Oeenee 920 | 120 | 235 | 450 | 14 177 | 54] 74 
WOES SS ete eee (0 Ke earners 124752 |...do..... ae Oneeee 970 | 110 | 250 | 470 |719 179 | 55 | 77 


1 Collector’s measurements. 

2 Collector’s measurements in pounds and quarters computed to kilograms. 
8 Second and third molars not through alveoli. 

4 Last molars not through alveoli. 

£ Gutted. 

6 Type. 

7 Uterus contained a nearly mature embryo. 


No.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 73° 


MUNTIACUS RUBIDUS, new species. 


1907. Muntiacus pletharicus, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 550, Decem- 
ber 24, 1907. (One pair of antlers from the Sakaiam River.) 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 151863, U.S.N.M., 
collected at Pamukang Bay, southeastern Borneo, March 20, 1908, by 
Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5907. 

Diagnostic characters —A medium-sized member of the genus, much 
larger and darker in color than Muntiacus pleiharicus of Borneo, 
smaller than MM. moschatus of Sumatra, and closely resembling M. 
bancanus' of Banka, but slightly larger and with darker and longer 
legs. 

Color.—Type: General color of upper parts of body hazel, richer 
and darker in the median line and over the hind quarters, everywhere 
with a fine blackish grizzle, on the shoulders the hazel paling almost to 
ochraceous; neck a mixture of dull tawny ochraceous and blackish, 
the two colors about equally mixed on the sides, and the blackish 
in excess above; face dull brownish; top of head bright hazel; outer 
surface of ears dull hazel, except blackish margins; inner surface of 
ears whitish; covering of pedicles hazel, with a conspicuous black 
line running down them and continued down on the face over the 
eyes; sides of head similar to sides of neck; chin and upper portion of 
throat whitish; underside of neck generally clay color with darker 
grizzling; middle line of chest and upper belly brownish, something 
like hair brown, lightening laterally to drab, which gradually blends 
with the grizzle of tawny ochraceous and blackish of the sides of the 
body; inguinal and axillary regions whitish, the light color extending 
part way down the inner side of the legs; outer side of forelegs black- 
ish brown, a narrow area on inner side tawny ochraceous, a small 
indistinct tawny ochraceous spot above each half hoof; hind legs 
somewhat darker than forelegs, the inner side being lighter only as far 
as the heel, a very ill-defined tawny spot above each half hoof; tail 
deep rich hazel above, white on the sides and below. 

Antlers.—Normal for the genus, those on the type rather smaller 
than usual, and the left one injured. (See pl. 3, figs. 1 to 7, pl. 1, 
figs. 1 and 3, and pl. 2, lower figure.) 

Skull and teeth—The skull of Muntiacus rubidus is at once dis- 
tinguished from that of M. pleiharicus by its much larger size, stouter 
antler pedicles, and a marked concavity on its dorsal aspect at the 
posterior end of thenasals. It is, however, very similar to the skull of 
M. bancanus, the main distinguishing characters being larger size 
and shorter antero-posterior diameter of the interparietal. The teeth 
in M.rubidus have about the same size that they do in M. bancanus 


1 Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 582, December 18, 1906. 


74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


and hence are relatively smaller. (See pl. 1, figs. 1 and 3, and pl. 2, 
lower figure.) 

Measurements.—See table, p. 72. 

Specimens examined.—Two, the type and an adult female, Cat. No. 
154383, from Pulo Mata Siri, and the frontlets and antlers of twenty 
specimens, one from the Sakaiam River and nineteen from the 
Kendawangan River. 

Remarks.—Muntiacus rubidus is very distinct from the other 
Bornean muntjac, and is very readily separable from the larger 
Sumatran animal. It closely approaches the muntjac of Banka, of 
which it is scarcely more than a subspecies. This is another illustra- 
tion of the close relation existing between the animals of Borneo and 
Banka. I have referred the adult female from Pulo Mata Siri to 
M.rubidus, because the skulls of the two specimens are almost exactly 
alike. The skin of the Mata Siri specimen, however, is lighter in 
color, and the legs are not nearly so dark. I can not believe that the 
muntjac on Mata Siri is indigenous, but think it must have been 
brought rather recently to the island from the mainland of Borneo. 


SUS “VITTATUS.” 
1906. Sus vittatus, MILLER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, p. 748, June 13, 1906. 


Two pigs of the Sus vittatus groups were collected on Bawean 
Island. Neither of them is fully mature. The older, Cat. No. 
151841, has the last molars not quite level with the rest of the tooth- 
row; the younger, Cat. No. 151840, has the last molars just breaking 
through the alveoli. The skull measurements of the two specimens 
are respectively: Upper length of skull, 330, 290; zygomatic width, 
132, 120; parietal constriction, 37, 31; maxillary toothrow, 108, 
Me SO. LUA Os pele xe. : 


SUS BARBATUS Miiller. 


1839. Sus barbatus MititER, Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol., vol. 5, p. 149. 
(Type-locality, Banjermassing. ) 


1906. Sus barbatus, MituER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, p. 739, June 13, 1906. 
1907. Sus barbatus, Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p.550, December 24, 1907. 

In addition to the six skulls of Sus barbatus obtained from the 
natives along the Landak River in 1905, Doctor Abbott has since 
obtained twenty-nine adult specimens of this pig from Borneo, and 
adjacent islands. (See tables on pp. 76 and 77 for a list of these speci- 
mens, with their external and cranial measurements.) The four 
adult specimens from Pulos Pelapis and Panebangan average some- 
what smaller than specimens from the mainland, and their teeth 
show relatively more wear in proportion to their age, as judged by 
skull sutures. I can find no satisfactory structural characters by 
which they may be distinguished from mainland animals. The 


— 


No. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 75 


excessive wear of the teeth on these island specimens is probably due 
to some difference in the character of the food on the island as com- 
pared with the Bornean mainland. 


One of the females had four fetuses in utero, another seven, one nine, one ten, and 
another eleven. One female had seven young with her. 

Very common about Pamukang Bay. Have never been in a place where pigs were 
as common as in some localities in this district. For some reason I got only three 
boars, but the sows with their young simply abounded. Twice while the schooner 
was anchored at Tanjong Kramet droves of pigs attempted to swim across Klumpang 
Bay. I was absent up river at the time. My Malay skipper went after them in a 
small boat and bagged an old boar with a club. On the other occasion thirteen pigs 
swam close to the vessel, but no boat was available and they passed without molesta- 
tion. Sometimes they get into kelongs (fish fykes) at low tide. The sows appear to 
go in gangs of three to five, both when pregnant and when they have their young. It 
appears to take most of their time to procure suflicient food when suckling, for I met 
with these gangs roaming about nearlyall day. Sus gargantua does not appear to occur 
in this district (Klumpang Bay region). No one had ever seen or heard of it. <A 
small black hairy pig is said to be locally plentiful. The Dyaks call it ““By wangi” 
(literally moon-pig). I saw nothing of it. It was said to be very small, the males, 
with tusks, the size of goats or less. It is probably some sort of Sus vittatus.—W. L. A. 


VOL. 40. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


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76 


‘OauLog UWoLf snjDg.ng sng ajyput fo syuawmainsvapyy 


77 


MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 


‘NO. 1809. 


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*ponurju0j)—oauiog wouf snqnqung sng aynwuaf fo sjuawmainsnayy 


78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


IOMYS LEPIDUS, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 153684, U.S.N.M., 
collected at Batu Jurong, southwestern Borneo, June 27, 1908, by 
Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number 6005. 

Diagnostic characters—Related to lomys thomson. (Thomas) * 
from which it differs in its smaller size. 

Color.—Type: General color of upper parts of head and body, of 
upper surface of parachute, and of outer surface of fore and hind legs 
dark, hair brown, irregularly and finely lined with the buffy or cream 
buff subterminal annulations of the hairs, the buffy color darker and 
the annulations wider about the sides and the shoulders; under 
surface of parachute and inner side of forelegs bright ochraceous 
buff, under surface of neck and body, and inner surface of hind legs, 
and scrotum, pinkish buff, a small spot on chin whitish; upper 
surface of tail an indefinite brownish color, but much ‘‘reddened” by 
the showing through of the ochraceous to ochraceous-rufous of the 
hairs of the underside of tail; underside of tail nearly a clear, but 
rather dull ochraceous-rufous; sides of head and neck, below eye and 
ear, buffy to ochraceous-buff; inner side of ears with only a few short 
hairs, not enough to color them, outer side of ears nearly naked on 
distal half, basal half with hairs colored like those on top of head. 

Measurements.—External: Type, Cat. No. 153684, from Batu 
Jurong and paratype, Cat. No. 151792, young adult male, from 
Klumpang Bay, and those of the type of Jomys thomsont, respectively : 
Head and body, 190, 189, 231 mm.; tail, 190, 176, 199; hind foot with 
claws, 38, 40, 40.5. Cranial measurements: Greatest length of skull, 
42.7, 42.3, 46. 5; basilar length, 32.5, 33.5, 37; greatest broaden 27.4, 
529.63 leven of meee 13, 12.2, 13; upper cheek teeth, 8.7, 9.3, 


922: 

Specomens excamined.—Two. 

Remarks.—While Iomys lepidus is closely related to J. thomson, 
yet its smaller size serves to distinguish it. In color both forms are 
very much alike as far as can be told without an actual comparison 
of specimens. J. lepidus probably ranges throughout southern 
Borneo, while J. thomsoni is very likely naned to the northern por- 
tions at the island. 

This squirrel was one of a pair which had a nest of leaves about 11 inches in diam- 
eter, in the top of a small sapling, about 20 feet from the ground. They both 


flew out on the tree being shaken, the male going to a large tree trunk, where he was 
shot. The other was lost sight of. —W. L. A. 


1Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 5, p. 275, March 1900. Type-locality, Bakong River, Eastern 
Sarawak, Borneo. ; 


No. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 79 


LARISCUS DIVERSUS (Thomas). 


1898. Funambulus insignis diversus Tuomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 2. 
p- 248. September, 1898. Type-locality, Baram River, Eastern Sarawak, 
Borneo. 

Seven specimens of Lariscus collected in southern Borneo by Doctor 
Abbott differ in no essential respects from north Bornean specimens 
as described by Thomas. The latter’s remarks about the Bornean 
form ‘‘perhaps averaging slightly larger” than the Sumatran form 
does not hold good as regards the present specimens and Sumatran 
examples from Tarussan Bay. The Borneo skulls are distinctly smaller 
and more slender than are the Tarussan Bay skulls. 

(For measurements and exact localities of the seven specimens, see 
table, p. 92.) 


Doctor Abbott has collected four distinct forms of prevostit squirrel 
on the Bornean mainland. They are Sciwrus borneoensis borneoensis 
from the higher ground north of the Kapuas River, S. 6. palustris 
from the swampy region north of the Kapuas River, S. sanggaus 
from southwestern Borneo, south of the Kapuas River, and S. atri- 
capulus from southeastern Borneo. Colored illustrations of all four 
forms are well shown on plate 4 which was made directly from the 
skins. 

SCIURUS SANGGAUS Lyon. 
1907. Sciurus sanggaus Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, No. 1577, p. 554, 
December 24, 1907. 

In addition to the original large series of squirrels of this species 
taken along the south bank of the Kapuas River in 1905, Doctor 
Abbott has secured twenty-seven others from the coast region of 
southwestern Borneo. (For exact localities, see table of measure- 
ments, p. 83.) Although the large series of specimens of this squir- 
rel taken as a whole are fairly uniform in coloration, yet there is 
a tendency toward differentiation shown by specimens from certain 
localities in the range of the species. Skins from Sukadana agree in 
every respect with those from Sanggau. One from the mouth of the 
Sempang River, Cat. no. 145441, and two others from the Semendang 
River have darker and ‘‘redder”’ shoulders than usual, in this respect 
being very much like the two specimens from Pulo Kubu in the orig- 
inal series of S. sanggaus, but not quite so dark. Nearly all the 
squirrels from along the Kapuas River below Sanggau have the 
underparts darker in color than the Sanggau and the Sukadana skins. 
Specimens from the Kendawangan River region have the underparts 
a lighter ‘‘red”’ and the shoulder area and sides of head and neck 
lighter in color and the white of the thighs less grizzled with black 
than have the Sanggau or Sukadana specimens. The different 
members of this species may be roughly placed in three groups: 
1. The Sanggau-Sukadana specimens, typical of the species. 2. The 


80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


specimens from the lower Kapuas, and some from the Sempang and 
Semendang rivers, with darker underparts and ‘‘reddish”’ shoulders. 
3. The Kendawangan River specimens with lighter underparts and 
shoulders, and a clearer white on the thighs. In any of the three 
groups a few intergrading specimens may be found. As none of the 
three forms has a definite range, so far as known, it does not seem 
advisable to recognize them by name. The characters of the Ken- 
dawangan River series, however, are nearly as distinctive as are those 
of some of the insular forms of the prevosti: group of squirrels. 

(For measurements, see table, p. 83.) 

See figure next to the bottom one on plate 4. 


SCIURUS ATRICAPILLUS Schlegel. 


1863. Sciurus atricapillus SCHLEGEL, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., vol. 1, 1863, p. 27; 
Zoogdieren, pl. 2, fig. 1. 

Doctor Abbott collected one squirrel of the Sciurus prevostw group 
at Balik Papan Bay, which is referable to S. atricapillus. 

Mr. Miller has made the following notes on the original material of 
this species in the Leyden Museum: 

Sciurus atricapillus—Seven mounted specimens from Borneo—four from Kapuas 
River, one from Duson River, one from southeastern Borneo, and one from Borneo— 
also one skin from Liang Koeboeng, back of Pontianak. They are very uniform, and 
agree perfectly with a specimen of this species in Berlin. In two of the Kapuas 
specimens the hairs of the tail are clear black throughout except for the narrow light 
base; in the third adult a few light annulations can be detected; in the immature 
individual there is conspicuous annulation beneath the surface. This is also present 
in the four others to a variable extent, but never appearing distinctly at the surface 
unless the hairs are disarranged. Muzzle always black, usually to a little behind 
eyes; feet always black; red area, dark rufous, shading toward chestnut; pale side 
stripe cream color, 10 mm. wide; dark stripe about same width; cheeks grizzled buffy 
brown. 


Doctor Abbott’s specimen agrees in every way with the above 
description, as well as with the original account. The type-locality 
may be taken as the Kapuas River, 4° or about 270 miles east of Pon- 
tianak, as that locality is the first mentioned in the description and 
the majority of the specimens came from there. The species is seen to 
have quite an extensive range—from the center of the island to the 
southeast coast, at least. Sciurus atricapillus probably intergrades 
with S. caroli' and its subspecies in northern Borneo. 

It resembles S. caroli griseicauda in general external appearance 
more than any other member of the group that I have seen. The 
black color of the tail, of the nose, and adjacent parts of head, includ- 
ing an ill-defined ring about the eye, and the black feet of S. atrica- 
pillus serve to distinguish the two forms. 

(For measurements, see table, p. 83.) 

See bottom figure on plate 4. 


1 Bonhote, Ann. Mag. Nat Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, February, 1901, p. 174. 


No. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 81 


SCIURUS BORNEOENSIS BORNEOENSIS (Miiller and Schlegel). 


1907. Sciurus borneoensis bornecensis, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 552, 
December 24, 1907. 
Ten specimens from the Kapuas River region, northern bank, and 
inland on the higher ground, collected in 1905. 
See figure next to the top one on plate 4. 


SCIURUS BORNEOENSIS PALUSTRIS Lyon. 


1907. Sciurus borneoensis palustris Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 553, 
December 24, 1907. 
Fifteen specimens from the Kapuas River region, northern bank, 
and in the lowlands, collected in 1905. 
See top figure on plate 4. 


SCIURUS CARIMATZ Miller. 
1906. Sciurus carimate MituER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p.57, July 23, 1906. 


In addition to the original series of specimens collected on Kari- 
mata Island, Doctor Abbott secured three additional specimens in 
1908. 


(For measurements, see table, p 83.) 
SCIURUS PROSERPIN& Lyon. 


1907. Sciurus proserpine Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., vol. 48, No. 1659, p. 275, 
February 4, 1907. 

Since securing the two original specimens of this species in 1905, 
Doctor Abbott took three others from Pulo Temaju in 1907. They 
differ in no respects from the earlier specimens. 

(For measurements of the series, see table, p. 83.) 

The relations of this squirrel are with Sciurus bornecensis palustris 
and S. borneoenis borneoenis from the adjacent mainland of Borneo 
on the north side of the Kapuas River. This is most clearly shown 
by its gray tail. The squirrels of the S. prevostw group from the 
islands of Karimata, Pelapis, and Panebangan, with their solid black 
tails and brightly colored underparts, are clearly related to Sciurus 
sanggaus from the mainland of Borneo south of the Kapuas River. 
The relationships of these squirrels and the positions of the islands 
on which they occur would indicate that the Kapuas is an ancient 
river, and has long separated the gray-tailed group of squirrels from 
the black-tailed group, and that as the land has subsided members 
of the two groups have been left on the elevated portions of the land, 
now forming islands to the north and south of the Kapuas. The river 
is thus older than the islands. Should prevostit squirrels be found on 
Pulo Lamakotan or Pulo Kabung they would probably be found to 
belong to the gray-tailed group. 

80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——6 


82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


SCIURUS ARMALIS, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 145420, U.S.N.M., 
collected on Pulo Panebangan, off west coast of Borneo, May 19, 
1907, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5257. 

Diagnostic characters.—A member of the prevostii group of squirrels 
related to Sciurus carimate Miller,’ differmg in having the light 
shoulder area larger and practically clear gray (grizzle of black and 
white), without buffy admixture, and lighter colored feet. 

Color.—Upper parts of head and body, and entire tail, black or 
blackish, under parts, inner sides of fore and hind legs, dull orange- 
rufous to ferruginous; upper surfaces of hands and feet, ochraceous 
to orange buff; side stripe extending from behind shoulder to heel, 
white or whitish, quite pure throughout its extent, but slightly 
mixed with blackish along the thighs; sides of head and neck, grayish, 
a grizzle of blackish and whitish, the darker color predominating 
except about the base of whiskers which is quite light; light area of 
shoulder largely developed, a coarse grizzle of whitish or cream color 
and blackish, the lighter color much in excess; outer side of upper 
arm, nearly clear whitish or cream color becoming buffy toward the 
lower arm. 

Skull and teeth.—These show no special peculiarities. The audital 
bulle are of the type found in Sciwrus carvmate. 

Measurements.—For external and cranial measurements of the 
type and series, see table, page 83. S.armalis is one of the smaller 
members of the prevostii group, about like S. carimatx and S. pelapwus 
in size, and distinctly smaller than the form of prevostw squirrel found 
on the adjacent mainland of Borneo. 

Specimens examined.—Twelve, all from Pulo Panebangan. 


SCIURUS PELAPIUS, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult female, Cat. No. 145417, collected 
on Pulo Pelapis (South Island) off west coast of Borneo, May 30, 1907, 
by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5335. 

Diagnostic characters—A member of the prevostii group; very 
similar to Scvurus carimate Miller,! but differing in possessing a 
darker shoulder and larger audital bulle. 

Color.—Upper parts of head and body and entire tail, black or 
blackish; underparts, inner sides of fore and hind legs, and upper 
surfaces of feet and hands, dull orange-rufous to ferruginous; side 
stripe, extending from behind shoulder nearly to heel, whitish or 
cream color, quite pure throughout its whole extent, but slightly 
mixed with blackish along the thighs; sides of head and neck, grayish, 
a grizzle of blackish and whitish, the darker color being in excess, 


1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, No. 1481, p. 57, July 26, 1906. 


no. 1809. 


MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 


83 


except about base of whiskers which is quite light; upper arm, orange- 
ochraceous, which color spreads over the shoulder where it is not so 
clear due to showing of the dark bases of the hairs, and the admixture 
of some buffy hairs. 


Name. 


Se IONE 


S. atricapillus..- 


Measurements of squirrels of the prevostii group. 


Locality. 


Mouth of Sempang River... 
pempans RIVER Soe seectsse a 


Bau Jurong, southwest 
Borneo. 
here southwest Borneo. 


Kalang Anyar, southwest 
Borneo. 
ee southwest Borneo 


Mankol, southwest Borneo. 
Balik Papan Bay, southeast 
Borneo. 


Cata- 
logue 
No. 


142284 
3142285 
145412 
145413 
145414 
145415 
145416 
3145417 
145418 
145419 
3145420 
145421 
145422 
145423 
145424 
145425 
145426 
145427 
145428 
145429 
153672 
153673 
153674 


145430 
145431 
145432 
145433 
145434 
145435 
145441 
145436 
145437 
145438 
145439 
145440 
153657 


153658 
153659 


153660 
153661 


153662 
153663 


153664 


153665 
153666 
153667 
153668 
153669 
153670 
153671 
154292 


1 Collector’s measurements. 


A rs 
e|a|2 
oO . 
2/2/28 /4 
“, 2 a) 3 
be =“ a a S) ® 
uo) at 
Sex and age. | 8 |S bp = lie 
2 z a a ° 
od o ~ = = = 
ie |e ae epost |) tae ies 
Shea ead ak amd od =| 
uo) ea uc) i 5 io) 
Seer feiceea (i salt asec | ee 
a= y= = lla Ue = Me <e 
mm.|mm.| mm.| mm. | mm. | mm. 
Female, adult.| 233 | 230 | 57 | 53.7 | 22.7 | 34.8 
Male, adult....| 285 | 285 | 56 | 53.9 |...... 34.0 
ee GOES Se sne|| GEE PO24) 57 | 53.7 | 22.2 | 33.6 
Female, adult.} 240 | 225 | 58 | 54.0 | 22.5 | 33.7 
Female, young] 205 | 215 | 55 | 48.4 | 20.0 | 29.6 
Female, old...) 230-| 200 | 53 | 52.0 | 22.4 | 33.0 
Male, adult....| 223 | 157 50 | 51.6 | 22.0 | 32.0 
Female, adult .| 232 | 190 | 50 | 52.0 | 20.8 | 31.7 
Male, old.....-. 992 | 204) 54} 52.7 | 20.2 | 31.5 
Female, adult.) 228 | 204) 52 | 52.2 | 20.8 | 32.5 
Male, adult....| 230 | 210 50 | 54.0 | 20.5 | 31.8 
mrenele Gone so 5) 223h eL75 62)]) Oleg) |) 20V On| ile, 
eae GOeeeeeeaee20n|2205 55 | 53.0 | 20.5 | 32.0 
Eee Ss do. 230 | 200 | 53} 51.8 | 19.6 | 30.6 
eels do.. 214 | 208} 53) 51.5 | 20.8 | 30.6 
Male, old.....-. 222 | 200} 51) 51.3 | 19.5 | 32.0 
Male, adult....| 220 | 204 | 52] 51.4] 19.6 | 30.0 
Male, young. ..| 205 | 220} 53 | 50.0 | 19.4 | 29.9 
Male, old...... 212 | 205 54 | 52.3 | 20.0 | 31.5 
Female, old...} 225 | 205} 53 | 53.8 | 21.0 | 32.4 
pas GOs 251/220) (9195 52 | 51.2 | 20.0 | 31.4 
Female, adult.| 220 | 213} 54 | 51.9 | 19.8 | 30.8 
Female, young 220 | 202 | 54 | 51.2 | 19.2 | 30.6 
adult. 
Male, old...... 260 | 240] 59 | 58.0 | 23.8 | 33.6 
Pe AG do. 258 | 225 61 | 55.7 | 22.3 | 33.3 
Female, adult.| 255 | 215 | 57 | 56.0 | 22.0 | 34.4 
Male, adult. 235 | 230 | 55 | 55.1 | 20.8 | 32.5 
Prati -| 241 | 250 60 | 54.6 | 21.0 | 33.3 
Mercate: old...| 250 | 241] 55 | 55.2 | 22.0 | 33.8 
Male, adult... 202 || 212 61 | 57.0 | 22.5 | 34.2 
Female, adult.| 245 | 235 | 58 | 54.5 | 20.4 | 33.0 
do.. : 252 61 | 57.8 | 22.0 2.8 
225 59 | 55.0 | 22.6 | 34.3 
a 240 60 | 56.7 | 23.4 | 33.7 
Male, adult....| 248 | 250 | 60) 55.6 | 23.3 | 35.2 
Female, old. ..| 263 | 250 62 | 58.2 | 22.5 | 33.5 
aoe do.. -| 240 | 240 | 57 | 56.5 | 23.2 | 34.3 
Female, young 245 | 245 53 | 56.1 | 22.4 | 32.6 
adult. 
Female, old...) 255 | 235 60 | 57.0 | 21.8 | 33.6 
Female,young | 230 | 240 | 57 | 53.5 | 22.2 | 32.2 
adult. 
Female, adult .| 243 | 200 | 60 | 57.0 | 22.3 | 33.6 
Female,young | 245 | 245 | 60 | 53.4 | 20.6 | 30.0 
adult. 
Male, adult....| 248 | 225 58 | 55.8 | 22.3 | 33.5 
Female, old...| 259 | 230 | 62 | 56.7 | 23.0 | 34.2 
Male, adult....| 253 | 250 60 | 56.1 | 22.8 | 33.5 
Female, adult.| 248 | 254 | 59 | 57.2 | 22.6 | 34.2 
Female, old...| 243 | 220 | 59 | 57.4 | 23.4 | 35.0 
Male, adult....| 260 | 255 64 | 57.4 | 22.8 | 33.4 
Male, old... -.-. 260 | 260 62 | 57.0 | 24.2 | 34.6 
Female, adult .| 260 | 215 | 62 | 57.5 | 23.7 | 34.5 
eiereiete GORee see 200N|0245 60 | 56.4 | 21.5 | 34.5 
2 Measured by writer after relaxing feet in water. ’ Type 


84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Skull and teeth.—These show no striking peculiarities, but the 
audital bulle are distinctly more inflated than they are in the closely 
related Sciwrus carvmate, especially noticeable in the anterior segment 
of the bullee. 

Measurements.—For external and cranial measurements of the type 
and series, see table on p. 88. S. pelapius is one of the smaller mem- 
bers of the prevostit group, about the same size as S. carimate. 

Specimens examined.—Three, all from South Island, Pelapis. 

Remarks.—Sciurus pelapius is very closely related to the near-by 
S. carimatz, the only distinguishing characters being its darker and 
‘“‘redder” shoulder and larger audital bulle. Two specimens in the 
carimate series have shoulders nearly as dark as those of pelapius, 
but none that I have seen shows the more inflated bulle. 


SCIURUS DULITENSIS (Bonhote). 


1901. Sciurus vittatus dulitensis BonHoTE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, 
p. 451, May, 1901. 

1907. Sciurus dulitensis, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, No. 1577, p. 555, 
December 24, 1907. (Kapuas River region.) 

Since he collected nine specimens of plantain squirrels from the 
Kapuas River region Dr. W. L. Abbott has secured eleven additional 
specimens in southwestern Borneo, eight in southeastern Borneo, and 
one on Pulo Laut. As far as the general coloration of the upper 
parts and side stripes is concerned all the Bornean specimens are 
fairly constant. They vary considerably, however, as to the bright- 
ness of the under parts, as may be seen even in specimens from one 
locality. The single specimen from Pulo Laut does not seem to be 
separable from the others. 

It is noteworthy that nearly all the specimens from the Kapuas River 
region, as well as several in the U.S. National Museum from northern 
Borneo, have the entire under side of the tails distinctly reddish or 
rufous, while nearly all the others from Borneo have the entire under 
side of the tail generally grayish. This character is not absolutely 
constant and at best could only be considered a subspecific one. The 
difference can not be attributed to season, sex, or age. Without 
more specimens, especially well-prepared skins from northern Borneo, 
it does not for the present seem advisable to recognize this difference 
by name. 

It may not be without interest to point out how easily the “red”’ 
color of the underparts of the Sciurus vittatus group of squirrels may 
become altered. There are in the museum two specimens of Sciurus 
dulitensis from north Borneo, collected by C. F. Adams in 1887. At 
that time they were preserved by some pickling solution, probably 
salt and alum. The underparts are now a dull vinaceous-cinnamon, 
instead of the usual bright ochraceous colors. Some other specimens 


no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 85 


collected in Sarawak by Hose, which have recently had their skulls 
removed, and have been made over into modern study skins, have the 
original colors of the underparts more or less dulled and rendered 
somewhat pinkish. The fluid used to relax these skins in the 
remaking was probably alcohol and water. In order to relax the 
feet in the large number of squirrels of the vittatus group recently 
collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott, the unlabeled hind foot and adjacent 
part of leg of each specimen was soaked for about twenty-four hours 
in tap water placed in a galvanized-iron receptacle. In a great many 
of the specimens the bright ochraceous-rufous colors of the inner side 
of the leg have become dulled and more pinkish on the foot and leg 
that was soaked. In the last case it can hardly be probable that the 
plain water brought about the change in color. It is more likely due 
to the preservative, probably arsenic or a mixture of arsenic and 
alum, used on the inside of the skin, and which had come through the 
skin to the hairs by solution and osmosis. 


SCIURUS LAMUCOTANUS, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult female, Cat. No. 145405, collected 
on Pulo Lamukotan, off west coast of Borneo, May 8, 1907, by Dr. 
W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5201. 

Diagnostic characters.—A “red” bellied, ‘red’? footed member of 
the Sciurus vittatus group, differing from S. dulitensis of the neighbor- 
ing mainland of Borneo in having a generally more ochraceous tone 
on the upper parts, lighter under parts, broader but less clear dark 
sides tripe and more buffy light side stripe. 

Color.—Type: Upper parts of head and body, a fine grizzle of 
ochraceous-buff and blackish, the two colors about equally promi- 
nent; upper surface of tail similar but grizzle coarser, and the 
ochraceous-buff darkening to ochraceous and tawny ochraceous at 
the tip; underside of tail with the ochraceous-buff replaced by 
ochraceous and tawny ochraceous, the latter colors being in excess 
of the black; light side stripe (5 by 65 mm.) buffy; dark side stripe 
(12 by 80 mm.) blackish, sprinkled with a few light hairs; under 
parts and inner sides of fore and hind legs ochraceous-buff; outer 
sides of fore and hind legs similar to adjacent parts of body; fore and 
hind feet similar to outer side of legs, but more ochraceous-bufl; 
inner side of ears dull tawney ochraceous; outer side similar to head; 
orbital rmg and region about mouth ochraceous-buff. There is 
some little difference shown in certain indiyiduals of the series as to 
brightness of under parts, but all are essentially like the type. 

Skull and teeth.—These show no special characteristics and appar- 
ently do not differ from those of examples of Sciwrus dulitensis from 
Borneo. 


86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Measurements.—For external and cranial measurements see table, 
pages 90 and 91. 

Specimens examined.—Kight, all from Pulo Lamukotan. 

Remarks.—While Sciurus lamucotanus is sufficiently distinct from 
the Bornean S. dulitensis to be regarded as a separate species, it is 
not, however, a highly differentiated form. 


SCIURUS SERUTUS Miller. 
1906. Sciurus serutus MituER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 58, July 23, 1906. 


One specimen collected on Pulo Serutu, Karimata Islands, in 1904. 


SCIURUS DATUS, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult female, Cat. No. 145393, U.S.N.M., 
collected on Pulo Datu, off west coast of Borneo, May 2, 1907, by 
Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5153. 

Diagnostic characters.—A ‘‘red”’ bellied, ‘‘red’’ footed member of 
the Sciurus vittatus group, similar to S. dulitensis of Borneo, but 
distinctly smaller, and with wider dark side stripes. 

Color.—Type: Upper parts of head and body a fine grizzle of 
blackish and a dull light cream-buff, in some lights appearing dull 
olive-buff, the outer light annulations of the hairs being lighter than 
the inner more buffy ones; upper surface of tail similar in color to 
upper parts of body, but grizzling much coarser, underside of tail 
with the cream-buff largely replaced by ochraceous, especially in- 
middle line, where it is the predominating color; light side stripe 
(4 by 65 mm.) dull cream color; dark side stripe (10-15 by 80 mm.) 
blackish, sprinkled with a few light hairs; underparts and inner 
sides of fore and hind legs ochraceous-buff, rather bright; outer side 
of fore and hind legs similar to adjacent parts of body; fore and hind 
feet generally similar to legs, but more ochraceous-buffy; outside of 
ears, like top of head, inside more ochraceous buffy; orbital ring 
pinkish-buff. The series of specimens of Sciurus datus is very » 
uniform in coloration, and differs in no essentials from the type. 
Two examples have the hairs of the underparts rather worn, allow- 
ing the bases to show and darken and dull the ochraceous buff. 

Skull and teeth.—Aside from their distinctly smaller size these 
show no noteworthy characteristics. 

Measurements.—For external and cranial measurements see table 
page 90. 

Specimens examined.—Six, all from Pulo Datu. 

Remarks.—In the color*of the under parts and of the side stripes 
Sciurus datus closely resembles S. lamucotanus; in the color of the 
upper parts it more nearly resembles S. dulitensis from Borneo. It 


can be readily distinguished from either, however, by its distinctly 
smaller size. 


no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 87 


SCIURUS SIRIENSIS, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 151768, U.S.N.M., 
collected on Pulo Mata Siri, Java Sea, December 7, 1907, by Dr. W. L. 
Abbott. Original number, 5580. 

Diagnostic characters.—A very pale form of the ‘‘red’’ footed, ‘‘red”’ 
bellied Scirus vittatus group of squirrels, generally similar to S. 
lautensis Miller,t but slightly more pallid, and with larger audital 
bullee. 

Color.—Upper parts of body a fine grizzle of cream-buff and 
blackish, the cream-buff being in excess; tail both above and below 
similar, but the grizzle much coarser; under parts, including throat 
and inner side of fore and hind legs, pale ochraceous buff; light 
side stripe (17 by 60 mm.) whitish cream color; dark side stripe 
about the same length and width, dull pale blackish; top of head a 
grizzle of buffy and blackish, the former in excess; sides of head gen- 
erally buffy; outside of hind legs similar in color to back; outside of 
forelegs similar to adjoining parts of body, but more buffy; fore 
and hind feet generally buffy to ochraceous buffy; ears similar to 
adjoining parts of body; whiskers black. 

Skull and teeth.—These show no special peculiarities and very 
closely resemble those of Sciurus lautensis. The bulls, however, are 
distinctly larger in S. siriensis, so that the two species are easily 
distinguished. 

Measurements.—See table, page 90. 

Specimens examined.—Six, all from Pulo Mata Siri. 

Remarks.—The occurrence of two species so closely resembling each 
other as Sciurus lautensis and S. siriensis on islands of opposite coasts 
of Borneo is interesting. It is probably the result of similar envi- 
ronments, but I have been unable to find any details concerning the 
conditions on the two islands. 


SCIURUS ARENDSIS, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 154276, U.S.N.M., 
collected on Arends Island, Java Sea, November 24, 1908, by Dr. 
W.L. Abbott. Original number, 6251. 

Diagnostic characters—A member of the Sciurus vittatus group of 
squirrels, distinguished by its small size, light under parts, and 
whitish axillary hairs; rather closely related to its geographic 
neighbor, Sciwrus siriensis, from Pulo Mata Siri (see above), but 
smaller, with more whitish hairs on under parts, and with darker 
upper parts. 

Color.—Type: Upper parts of head, neck, and body, and outer 
surfaces of fore and hind legs and upper surface of feet, a fine grizzle 


1 Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 3, p. 128, March 26, 1901, Pulo Laut. Natuna Islands. 


88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


of pale ochraceous buff and blackish, the two colors about equally 
mixed; tail, both above and below similar, but the grizzle coarser and 
the ochraceous buff predominating on the underside; under parts, and 
inner side of hind legs, a color closely approaching Ridgway’s pink 
buff, becoming whitish cream color in axillary region and about chin, 
and nearly as light on inner side of fore legs; light side stripe (6 by 
50 mm.) buffy cream color, ill defined; black side stripe (12 by 45 
mm.) blackish, strongly lined with whitish, and many of the hairs 
with narrow ochraceous buff rings; region of nose, sides of head and 
neck similar to upper parts, but the ochraceous buff deeper and more 
conspicuous; a rather poorly defined eyering; ears, inside and out, 
similar to upper parts. 

Skull and teeth.—Aside from its slightly smaller size and relatively 
heavier teeth, the skull and teeth of Sciwrus arendsis show no differ- 
ences from those of numerous related forms. 

Measurements.—See table, page 90. 

Specimens examined.—Five, all from Pulo Arends. 

Remarks.—Sciurus arendsis is simply another of the numerous 
races of Sciurus vittatus, produced by isolation on various Malayan 
islands. It closely resembles its geographic neighbors, S. sirensis, 
from Pulo Mata Siri, and S. dulitensis, from the Bornean mainland. 
It differs from S. siriensis in its smaller size, darker upper parts, and 
in the possession of numerous white hairs on the under parts, as in 
S. vittatus albescens (Bonhote)! from northern Sumatra. From the 
mainland S. dulitensis it is distinguished by its smaller size, lighter 
coloration, both above and below, and less conspicuous side stripes. 


SCIURUS POLIOPUS, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 151789, U.S.N.M., 
collected at Pamukang Bay, southern Borneo, April 5, 1908, by Dr. 
W.L. Abbott. Original number, 5923. 

Diagnostic characters.—A member of the vittatus group distinguished 
by a very dull “red” belly and conspicuous gray legs and feet. 

Color.—Upper parts of head and body, a fine grizzle of pale dull 
buff-yellow and blackish, the two colors about equally mixed; thighs 
and shoulders similar, but the buffy color becoming gradually 
replaced by a light gray on the outer side of the fore and hind legs 
and on feet, lower parts of inner side of fore and hind legs also gray- 
ish; tail, similar to upper parts of body but the grizzle very coarse, 
appearing somewhat annulated, and with the buffy color very light 
above, but darker underneath; under parts, a very dull ochraceous 
color, ranging from almost clay color in the type to a very dark 


1} Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, May, 1901, p. 446. 


no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 89 


tawny ochraceous in the specimen from Klumpang Bay; inner side 
of the upper portions of fore and hind legs similar to under parts of 
body; light side stripe (about 75 by 7 mm.), dull cream color; dark 
side stripe about the same length, but nearly twice as wide, blackish, 
fairly clear in color or sprinkled with a few buffy hairs. A sugges- 
tion of the grayish color of the feet is seen about the extreme anterior 
portion of head. 

Skull and teeth.—These show no special peculiarities, and I have 
been unable to find characters in them by which they may be dis- 
tinguished from related forms. 

Measurements.—See table, page 91. 

Specumens examined.—Three, the type from Pamukang Bay, one 
from Klumpang Bay, and one from the Saratok River. 

Remarks.—Sciurus poliopus needs no comparison with any of the 
other known members of the vittatus group. The combination of 
“red”’ belly and gray feet occurs in no other members of the group 
so far as I am aware, with the exception of the species to be described 


below. 
SCIURUS MARINSULARIS, new species. 


Type.— Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 151777, collected on 
Pulo Laut, off southeastern Borneo, December 17, 1907, by Dr. W. L. 
Abbott. Original number, 5619. 

Diagnostic characters —A member of the vittatus group, with a red 
belly and gray feet similar to Sciurus poliopus, described above, but 
with the under parts ochraceous-rufous and with less gray appearing 
on portion of legs adjacent to feet. 

Color—Type: Upper parts of head and body and outer surfaces 
of fore and hind legs a fine grizzle of blackish and a color intermediate 
between a light tawny-olive and buff-yellow, the two colors about in 
equal proportions; under parts, including inner sides of fore and hind 
legs, ochraceous-rufous; upper surfaces of fore and hind feet, with the 
buffy color of the upper parts replaced by light grayish, tail similar 
to the upper parts, but the buffy portions of the hair lighter and the 
erizzle coarser, the tail in certain lights and portions appearing annu- 
lated; light side stripe (about 75 by 10 mm.), buff; dark side stripe 
(about 75 by 5 mm.), blackish. A suggestion of the grayish color of 
the feet is seen about the extreme anterior portion of the head. 

Skull and teeth—These show no special peculiarities, and I have 
been unable to find characters in them by which they may be dis- 
tinguished from related forms. 

Measurements.—See table, page 91. 

Specimens examined.—Six from Pulo Laut and two from Pulo 
Sebuku. 


90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. 


Remarks.—Sciurus marinsularis needs comparison only with S. 
poliopus, described above. The two species may be more closely 
related than the descriptions would indicate. The specimens repre- 
senting the mainland species are evidently in not so fresh a pelage, 
which might account, in part at least, for the striking difference in 
color of the under parts of the two forms. The greater extension of 
gray about the feet and legs of the mainland animal serves to distin- 
guish them readily, and would not appear to be produced by wear. 
It is unfortunate that no cranial or dental characters can be found to 
separate the gray-footed squirrels from the buffy-footed forms. It 
hardly seems probable that the difference in color of the feet and legs 
can be dimorphic. Among the many squirrels of the vittatus group 
collected by Doctor Abbott it has never been noticed before. The 
only other gray-footed squirrels of this group in the U. S. National 
Museum are specimens of the gray-bellied Sciurus notatus from Java. 
All the other gray-bellied and ‘‘red’’-bellied species have the feet in 
general concolor with the upper parts, or often more buffy or ochra- 
ceous in color. 


Measurements of squirrels of the vittatus group. 


a pas d 
oh 3S 2 
= is ~~ 
Se cis hos a 
FA S) ‘Ss Be) = 
ae ne! aq a a 3 
Cata- o 93 = = S) 2 
Name. Locality. logue | Sex and age. 2 B es =} iS a 
No rallies > g S 2 
Ff Se Sea = 3 3 
2 | 8] 2.) ig. eae 
re) ll EES) tees ees a 5 
3 | 2 it) 
o Cs) AS = =| BR 
en] s) on] o =) N 
mm.) mm.| mm.) mm. | mm. | mm 
3151768 | Male, adult....) 198 | 174 | 43] 47.3 | 17.0 | 28.9 
151769 |..... do... 202 | 150! 461 47.3 | 16.7 | 28.0 
P57 E see dOse ee seeee 195) |) 076i) 2445) 552 ee 17.0 | 28.2 
154281 |..... 40 Seco seee 210 | 150 | 49) 47.8.| 17.3 |2...- 
154283 |...-. (6 (oie 210 | 173 | 47) 46.5 | 17.3 | 28.7 
154284 Mele young | 180 | 180 | 49] 41.6 | 16.3 | 26.2 
adult. 
---]-154286 | Male, adult....] 207 | 185 | 49 | 47.7 | 16.4 | 27.8 
-| 151770 Female, Sault. 198 | 175 | 44 | 46.7 | 16.7 | 28.0 
Sa SLs |eeeee dor -| 195 | 175 | 45 | 46.2 | 16.2 | 27.2 
ay LOLS | Sarre otc Boece) fel bo loja ei lre3 46 | 46.3 | 15.6 | 27.7 
=| 542825 See do.. 200 | 195 Al, | 46.85 GiieOllepeee 
154285 Bou young 200 | 173 | 48 | 46.5 | 16.1 | 26.0 
adult. 
154287 | Female, adult.} 200 | 165 | 46 | 45.5 | 16.0 ! 27.5 
3154276 | Male, old....-- 194 | 152 45 | 46.5 | 16.6 | 26.0 
154277 | Male, adult....| 192 | 128 CO Bessa Specs loaook 
154278 Female, young 187) 165-|" 435 |-eeese 16.3 | 25.5 
adult. 
Dots aesescdteovse GO sesoant eee eecemieeeee V542790 eee Ol aseesrige 183 | 172 44 eens ae 16.0 | 25.2 
Dobssese sales (6 (EAS Soe aaee ae rae 154280 | Female, adult.| 195 | 150 | 44 | 46.0 | 16.4 | 25.8 
S. datus IPulo ND abuses pees cee 145395 | Male, adult....| 202 195 | 48 | 46.0 | 16.2 | 27.0 
IDO Ro Ase aeome GOES 2 = aciclemisisle inte cron 145396 | Male, old.....- 208 | 180 48 | 47.3 | 15.6 | 27.5 
ID soenaceas| babe GORE: 22 Sac eectsececiemen 145397 | Male, young | 196 | 180] 48 | 45.0 | 15.7 | 25.2 
adult. 
DOr ac aermccleeeee 0 (0 ESS AM ONOOARAREEEC 3145393 | Female, adult.| 208 | 195 | 50 | 46.4 | 15.3 | 26.2 
DD Oe oye epeizte | aimee 6 aS aa SS ENe en eee 145394 Bemale, ,young| 205 | 185 |} 47 | 45.7 | 15.3 | 25.7 
adult 
DOs uses sacl ae GOs A etre nek ce eee cae 145398 | Female, adult.| 204 | 186 | 48 | 46.7 | 16.0 | 27.0 
S.lamucotanus..| Pulo Lamukotan........... 145399 | Male, clans 225 | 185 | 49 | 50.2 | 16.5 | 29.5 
DOt a eeece nl sesee OnStar ene nee see 145400 | Male, adult....| 225 | 190 | 50 | 51.8 | 18.0 | 29.5 
DOSS iiss! See oe (cl Sasa oeise eae eee 145401 !..... ane ee 217) 195i" 550951527 See eee eee 


1 Collector’s measurements. 
a ee by writer after feet had been relaxed by soaking in water 24 hours. 
ype 


No. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VIOCINITY—LYON. 91 
Measurements of squirrels of the vittatus group—Continued. 
a qd 
Ste iS 
fe Petes ale tL fe 
alecn| etl 
Cata- ort ligeit Sulu S42 
Name. Locality. logue | Sexandage. | & Sy 5 =r wa) 
No. irl nema es Sl ee | ee eee 
Bee | Sle lee lea 
hea) [exam (a= alt eo (n= Le 
Sua ome | ee We ee ee |e 
ante ba a (ko (= 
mm.| mm.| mm.) mm. | mm. | mm. 
145406 | Male adult....} 214 | 198 51 | 51.3 | 17.0 | 29.8 
145402 | Female, adult.) 220 | 178 50 | 50.6 | 17.5 | 30.2 
145403 |....- Woes = es) 220) || 158 50 | 50.8 | 17.2 | 30.0 
145404 eee young} 216 | 190 | 51 | 49.8 | 18.7 | 29.6 
adult. 
1145405 | Female, adult.| 224 | 196 51 | 50.4 | 16.8 | 29.0 
145407 | Male, adult....} 210 | 175 48 | 49.4 | 17.7 | 29.0 
145408 |..-.-. do. <...----|) 212 || 190'| 50} 48.3 | 16.4 | 28.5 
145409 |..-.. (Cle sSasece| 72le yah} 47 | 49.0 |] 17.5 | 28.4 
145410 | Female, adult.) 215 | 185 | 49 | 48.8 | 17.3 | 29.5 
DONSe e252 Sempang River......-.-... 145411 |..... wse------| 221 | 182 | 50] 51.4 | 18.7 | 30.5 
IDOLS saceeae Babu Guronge. oss - 153675 | Male, imma- | 185] 180] 48 | 47.3 | 16.3 | 27.5 
ture. 
DOES 2254565! 2205 6 (ee NE eae 153676 | Male, young | 190 | 175 47 | 45.6 | 15.2 | 27.2 
adult. 
DOs se 6 Seal: oee Orestes een eyes 153677 | Male, adult....| 206 | 182 | 50 | 49.6 | 17.2 | 28.4 
DOF esses sees (6 (ae> Sarre ete eee 15386785 Maleccscas-s.- 21S 190, |), 492 ees e|e sae clscnae 
Done aes e 358 Kendawangan River.....-- 153679 | Female, adult.| 215 | 180 | 47 | 47.9 | 18.4 |..... 
DOM ee tse OT eee sae eee 153680 |...-- do.......--| 206 | 192 | 49 | 49.0+] 16.5 | 28.1 
DOssaska Kilumpang Bay .5--2---=.2- 151785 | Male.....-..-- 190) e190) |) AOE ac lEaaaculeeeee 
IDO) eee ees LO ree ae se eee ee 151784 | Female, adult.| 205 | 195 49 | 49.2 | 17.3 | 28.3 
DOE stacey ce OMe as ae Lee LOLTSOR eee Obes eee 215 | 185 47 | 49.8 | 16.5 | 29.8 
DOSE ees ban Gun ese sates ciocioicie mics 151787 | Male, adult ...} 203 | 190 | 48 | 48.0 | 17.4 | 28.4 
1DXo ae ee Balik Papan Bay.....------| 154289 }..... Owes. aect 203 | 185 50 | 49.1 | 18.6 | 30.0 
IDO ea ees eee Choe eter 154290 |..... doleeee- 203.}177} 51} 49.7 | 18.0 | 28.7 
DOreiace> 3 sales GOs a eesh See sce Sei) 154291 | Male, young | 206 | 195 | 53 | 50.7 | 17.7 | 28.8 
adult. 
DORE cea Seer OMe ee ite 1 re 154288 | Female, adult.} 210 | 184 | 51 | 50.0 | 17.9 | 29.4 
IDO= rteosece 1270) Gy DRT pees ene eeaeneece 151779 | Female. 205 | 190 | 48 | 49.7 | 17.5 | 27.7 
S. poliopus..... Kalim panpyBayee--- 1-2-1 Lol7Ssn ie Males esas - a. 195 | 170 | 46 | 45.5 | 19.0 | 28.5 
DOR sensor Saratok Rivers. o2.5---025-- 151788 |..... do........-.| 200 | 195 | 48 | 48.0 | 18.0 | 30.8 
1D Oe a See Pamukang Bay....----.--- 1151789 | Male, adult....| 205 | 190 | 48 | 48.6 | 17.8 |.-...- 
S. marinsularis.| Pulo Laut, east side... ----- DSL 74 3 |EMale te 222 > cae 212 NAGS KAO) Ee cal oe eee beens 
Does ees IPMomaubs- 222 oe 22e 222 s3e 15N776) |e doxetsalss 210 | 175 | 49 | 46.8 | 18.3 | 29.8 
DORs cele ce GO se soe reece eens 1151777 | Male, young } 205 | 180 | 48 | 48.6 |......].-..- 
adult. 
DO Seance eae e ae (V0). 5 nS oo Seay es 151780) Malecns= 5-5-2: 205 | 190 | 49 | 48.4 | 18.0 | 30.3 
DOB Sae oe ealtce ae does BES SeeancesCense 151778 | Female........ 210 | 200} 49 |.-.-..-- 18.0 | 30.2 
1D aye) ee See ge| eee Overs LLe See eee See 151775 | Female, adult.) 211 | 185 | 48 | 48.8 | 17.4 | 29.5 
Doses ts. s Pulo|Sebukues:222 525-622 TSU S1s| See Qrstesases 205 | 176 | 47 | 47.3 | 17.2 | 28.7 
DD Oeeaee separa GOS rae deena cemeaeee 151782 | Female........ 205 | 175 47 | 48.0 | 18.0 | 29.8 
1 Type. 


SCIURUS LOWII Thomas. 
1892. Sciurus lowii THomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 9, p. 253, March, 1892. 


Two specimens were secured, an adult male from the Kenda- 
wangan River, southwestern Borneo, and an adult female from the 
Saratok River, southeastern Borneo. 

(For measurements, see table, p. 92.) 


SCIURUS PARVUS Miller. 


1901. Sciurus parvus Miter, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 14, p. 33, April 5, 1901. 
Type-locality, Nulu, Sarawak, Borneo. 


Three small squirrels, members of the tenuis group, were secured 
They do not differ essentially from 


along the Sempang River. 
specimens of Sciurus parvus from northern Borneo. 
(For measurements, see table, p. 92.) 


99 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. 


SCIURUS BORNEENSIS (Gray). 


1867. Macroxus rufogaster, var. borneensis Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 
vol. 20, 1867, p. 283. 
1901. Sciurus hippurus grayi Bonnotr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, 
February, 1901, p. 171, footnote. 
1907. Sciurus grayi, Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., vol. 50, April 8, 1907, p. 28. 
One specimen, an adult male (Cat. No. 154293), from Balik Papan 
Bay, is apparently indistinguishable from specimens of Sevwrus bor- 
neensis in the U.S. National Museum collection from North Borneo. 
(for measurements, see table, below.) 


SCIURUS HIPPURELLUS Lyon. 


1907. Sciurus hippurellus Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., vol. 50, p. 27, April 8, 1907. 
1907. Scturus hippurellus, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 557, Decem- 
ber 24, 1907. 


Two from the Landak River and one from the Kapuas, collected 
in 1905. 


Measurements of squirrels. 


S| 4 g 
3 a ca 
at ray ~ 

= ° ° S a 

Cata- Bo) eS eas 

Name. Locality. logue | Sexandage. | 8 | & |E| B® peu 

No. Q a = o eB} 3 

Lo) BS evel aves se) = 

ao] 2) a4 Bales oie 

oS Polng = is) =| 

3/3 |e See 

Hie |e] & Sy | 7} 
Lariscus diversus....| Sukadana............--- 145383 | Male, old...... 193 | 100 | 48 | 49.6 | 26.6 | 13.0 
IDR ARSE ne Kendawangan River....| 153683 | Female, adult.| 196 | 104 | 48 | 49.4 | 25.8 | 13.0 
DOs soca eee Saratok#River-ssecees oe 151791 || Male, young.--| 142) 95 |/44 |... 23/22 sooiees se 
DOR AS aa Rare ee Balik Papan Bay......- 154294 | Male, adult....| 187 | 113 | 50 | 49.0 | 26.4 | 12.8 
WD OSes tae [bee oe GOSS seeee ter eens 154295 | Female, adult.} 197 | 110 ! 50 | 49.7 ! 27.6 | 13.3 
i) Oe ee ee GOt See he coat e ee 154296 |..... GO:teScaas 185 # 115 | 50 | 49.7 | 26.7 | 13.8 
ND) Oe ts eee lease COS Aes ee oe aoe 154297 Pea, YOUNG Pree | ese | eee 46.0 | 25.3 | 12.4 

adult. 

Sciurus lowii.....-- Kendawangan River..-.-.| 153681 | Male, adult....| 140 ]..... 88 | 38.6 | 21.5 } 11.5 

MOR eet fete SaratoksRiverss.-eee-see 151790 | Female, adult.| 150} 80] 38 | 39.4 | 23.2 | 12.5 

Sciurus parvus....-- Sempang River.......-- 145384 | Female, young] 140 | 112 | 38 | 36.9 | 20.8 | 12.2 
adult. 

ID ON oc een ce see GOSS aac asso eeenee 145385 | Male, adult....] 155 | 126 | 39 }......| 22.7 | 13.0 

IYO ae ee el Les dose eee 145386 | Female, adult.} 142 | 123 | 38 | 38.5 | 22.4 | 12.0 

Sciurus borneensis..| Balik Papan Bay.....-. 154293 | Male, adult....) 244 | 271 | 64 | 57.7 | 33.0 | 19.9 


RATUFA EPHIPPIUM (Miiller). 


1838-39. Sciurus ephippium Mutuuer, Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol., vol. 5, ° 
p. 147. 


Doctor Abbott secured seventeen specimens, practically topotypes, 
of R. ephippum from the region of Klumpang and Pamukang bays. 
Miiller’s figure* is an excellent representation of this species as 
shown by unbleached specimens of the present series. The side of 
head and top of nose in the plate, however, are too ‘‘red.’’ In Doe- 
tor Abbott’s specimens those portions of the head are similar in 


1 Collector’s measurements. 
2 Measured by writer after relaxing in water for 24 hours. 
3Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederl. Bezitt., pl. 13, 1839-1844, 


no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 93 


color to the base of whiskers in Miiller’s plate. The grizzling seen 
along the edge of the dorsal stripe in the plate is less noticeable in 
the specimens. 

Regarding the type-locality of this species, Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., 
who examined in Leiden, in 1904, the type, an adult male mounted, 
remarked: ‘‘No locality can be given beyond southeastern Borneo, in 
the low country.” 

(for measurements, see table, p. 96.) 


RATUFA COTHURNATA, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult female, Cat. No. 145378, collected 
at foot of Mount Palung, near Sukadana, western Borneo, February 
9, 1907, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5537. 

Diagnostic characters—A member of the ephippium group, dif- 
fering from true ephippium in having the dark dorsal area less 
sharply defined and general coloration not so bright, most closely 
related to Ratufa ephippium baramensis Bonhote,' but differing in 
having the thighs concolor with under parts of body. 

Color.—Type: Upper parts of head and body a mixture of tawny 
ochraceous and blackish, the former more conspicuous anteriorly 
and laterally, the latter more prominent in the dorsal line and pos- 
teriorly. The mixture occurs as a grizzle, except over the shoulders, 
where the tawny-ochraceous is essentially clear and unmixed, and 
on the lower back, where the blackish is unmixed and spreads out 
laterally nearly as far as the femoral spots. On the head between 
the ears the blackish is quite pure. Cheeks and sides of neck rather 
dark tawny-ochraceous. Under parts buff or buffy. Fore and hind 
legs and feet buff to ochraceous-buff, the inner sides of the legs 
lighter than the outer. General color of tail above blackish, the 
bases of the hairs whitish, marginal portions of under side of tail 
blackish; central portion, including short appressed hairs, ochraceous- 
buff. Ears inside and out dull ochraceous. The type is one of the 
brightest and freshest-looking in the series. The majority of speci- 
mens are duller and lighter in color, the tawny-ochraceous becoming 
ochraceous-buff or buffy and the under parts correspondingly lighter, 
the blackish becoming brownish. One specimen, Cat. No. 145381, 
from Kumbang River, is very much bleached and worn, the pelage 
in places having a singed appearance. 

Skull and teeth—Apparently there are no characters by which the 
skulls and teeth of R. cothurnata can be distinguished from those of 
R. ephipprum. 

Measurements.—The external and cranial measurements of A. 
cothurnata are essentially the same as they are in R. ephippium, the 
hind foot and greatest length of skull averaging, however, a trifle 
less. The hind foot in R. cothurnata ranges from 81 to 87 mm. and 


1Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 5, p. 496, June, 1900. Type-locality, Baram district, Sarawak. 


94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. - YOu. 40. 


the skull from 62.5 to 66; in R. ephippium these ranges are 85 to 90 
and 63.4 to 68.5. (For measurements of the series see table, p. 96.) 

Specimens examined.—Twenty-three, from western and southwest- 
ern Borneo. (For exact localities see table, p. 96, four from along 
the Kapuas River not included.) 

Remarks.—This is the same species that I called Ratufa ephippium 
(Miller) in 1907.1 At that time there were no specimens of true 
ephippiwm in the museum collection. It is not at all unlikely that 
the forms of Ratufa on the mainland of Borneo, baramensis, san- 
dakanensis, cothurnata, and ephippium, represent local races of one 
species, but at present intergradation is not known. 


RATUFA GRISEICOLLIS, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 145372, collected on 
Panebangan Island, west coast of Borneo, May 24, 1907, by Dr. W. L. 
Abbott. Original number, 5315. 

Diagnostic characters.—A richly colored species of the ephipprum 
group related to Ratufa cothurnata above, from the neighboring main- 
land of Borneo, but back darker, sides and under parts more rufous, 
and sides of neck gray. 

Color.—Upper parts of head and body in the middle line blackish; 
some light-colored hairs over nose, and in the type over back of 
neck; sides of body and shoulders rich cinnamon-rufous, grizzled with 
blackish; the shoulders contrasting with the black of the back, but 
elsewhere the latter color blends in with the sides; under parts of 
neck and body and inner side of thighs and legs orange-buff, rather 
richer than that of Ridgway; thighs similar to sides, becoming dull 
orange-rufous on the hind feet; upper and lateral aspect of tail 
brownish black, inner half of the long hairs on under side of tail 
buffy, the short hairs in median line tawny with slight grizzling of 
blackish. 

Skull and teeth.—I can find no characters by which the skull and 
teeth of Ratufa griseicolis may be distinguished from those of R. 
ephippium or R. cothurnata. | 

Measurements.—See table, page 96. 

Specumens examined.—Three, all from Pulo Panebangan. 

Remarks.—Ratufa griseicollis, while clearly related to R. cothurnata, | 
from Borneo, is very distinct and easily recognized by its gray neck, 
rufous under parts, and generally richer coloration. Head and body 
measurements of &. griseicollis are somewhat greater than corre- 
sponding measurements in mainland specimens. 


RATUFA VITTATA, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult female, Cat. No. 151758, collected 
at Saratok, on Pulo Laut, off southeast coast of Borneo, December 
19, 1907, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5632. 


1Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, No. 1577, p. 557, December 24, 1907. 


No. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 95 


Diagnostic characters.—A member of the ephippium group, but 
differing from typical ephippium in having a more sharply defined 
dorsal stripe which does not extend forward beyond the shoulders, 
and in having a lighter cream-colored head. 

Color.—Upper parts and sides of body with exception of dorsal 
stripe nearest Ridgway’s ochraceous. This color is almost pure, 
but on close inspection, especially with a glass, dark tips to many 
of the hairs may be seen. The basal portions of the hairs on this 
part of the body are blackish slate. Dorsal stripe and all of the tail 
except in the middle line on the underside black or blackish. The 
stripe gradually begins, due to increasing extent of dark tips of the 
hairs, just behind the shoulders. It soon becomes prominent, vary- 
ing in width in different specimens from about 30 to 50 mm. It 
is continuous with the color of the tail. Top and sides of head, 
just posterior to the ears, whitish, irregularly sprinkled with blackish 
due to dark-colored tips to the hairs. The dark-colored tips have a 
tendency to accumulate on the point of the nose and on the top of 
the head just anterior to the ears. Ears concolor with head. Under- 
parts of body and throat varying from light buff to buff-yellow. 
Outer sides of legs and feet generally similar to sides of body, but 
slightly lighter, inner side of legs and femoral spot similar to under- 
parts. Middle line of underside of tail similar to underparts or 
shghtly darker. 

Skull and teeth.—There are no evident peculiarities by which the 
skulls and teeth of R. vittata can be distinguished from those of R. 
ephippium. 

Measurements.—For external and cranial measurements of the 
type and series see table, page 96. 

Specimens examined.—Five, all from Saratok, Pulo Laut, south- 
eastern Borneo. 

RATUFA VITTATULA, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 151762, collected on 
Pulo Sebuku, southeastern Borneo, January 2, 1908, by Dr. W. L. 
Abbott. Original number, 5720. 

Diagnostic characters.—Practically identical with R. vittata, but 
smaller; hind foot 78-81 mm. instead of 84-89, and greatest length 
of skull 61-63.2 instead of 66-66.8. 

Color.—The colors of R. vittatula are identical with those of R. 
vittata except that the light color of the head extends back on the 
side of the neck. 
~ Skull and teeth.—The skulls and teeth of R. vitiatula are distinctly 
smaller than they are in R. vittata. The rostrum in the smaller 
species is relatively shorter than it is in the larger one. 


96 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


vou. 40. 


Measurements.—The external and cranial measurements of R&, 
vittatula are all smaller than the corresponding measurements of 
(See table below.) 


R. vittata. 
Specimens examined.—Seven, all from Pulo Sebuku. 


Measurements of ratufas. 


a 

E 

os 

oC 

lal q 

8 | 
Soe 

2/8 

Sine 

a | 
3 — 

& |} 
mm.) mm. 
420-| 86 
442 | 85 
415 | 8&8 
415 | 84 
420 | 86 
380 | 81 
405 | 82 
390 | 87 
387 | 84 
390 | 81 
455 | 86 
390 | 83 
395 | 83 
393 | 84 
388 | 77 
385 | 82 
373 | 80 
405 | 79 
335 | 79 
410 | 82 
410 | 84 
420 | 80 
415} 85 
405 | 86 
380 | 84 
445 | 90 
410 | 86 
420 | 87 
450 | 88 
385 | 85 
422 | 82 
410 | 82 
415 | 85 
400 |} 81 
395 | 81 
400 | 80 
420 | 85 
420 | 86 
410 | 86 
425 | 86 
425 | 89 
400 | 8&4 
400 | 84 
390 | 84 
385 | 80 
395 | 80 
400 | 80 
365 | 78 
360 | 81 
380 | 80 
380 | 80 


Cata- i 

Name. Locality. logue | Sexandage. | § 
No. = 

q 

3 

og 

$ 

sa) 
mm 

R. griseicollis....| Pulo Panebangan.......... 3145372 | Male, adult....| 366 
DOSeEe eRe alae (6 Loe eh Eee Sar oe 145371 | Female, adult-} 360 
DOs Sete alee GO Sse ose esate ce sciogins 1453730 eeeee OC Ofeeee eee 360 

Rcowhunata.- 4) sukadana...---2---+-22-=-- 1453 75n sess dots scae: 335 
Does sacteus| fees. Ose eee cee eee 145376) eee do.. 340 
IDO iese Cel Pane River, mouth... 145379 | Male, adult....| 330 
DO Aes seer ees Oa a ae Cee Ne 145380 Female, adult.| 335 
DOM eacece Sungei Matanis-secemes eee. 145374 | Male, adult....| 345 
Doe a ees Re bans RVUVCT scion 1453810 peo. does eae 330 
DOCS ed Se ee eee tera 145382 | Male, young..-.} 300 
Do stseas ie ana PAlUN Sisson kee 145377 | F e m ale, | 340 

youngish. 
DOraseace Mount Palung, foot of....-.- 3145378 eee adult.| 350 
ID Owes see Kendawangan River... ---- 153647) Bees 330 
153648 | Male, ‘ad. ==.) 340 
1536495225 == 333 
153650 ear ‘old...| 335 
153651 | Male, adult.-..| 315 
153652 | Female, old...| 345 
153653 | Male, young |} 305 
adult. 
DOs eee sealloace GOs 34 etkeeciosceseeeees 153654 | Male, adult....| 345 
1D Opee eens teen SON Cees ence men eeaee 153655 | Female, adult.} 345 
DO fee ere mo hs Ohta enis Cee ea oseaeee 153656 | Male, nearly | 295 
adult. 

R. ephippium...| T. Batu, Klumpang Bay...| 151743 | Male, adult....] 355 
ID a eee pean Cone ye erLehe sane 151744 |..... dor Rae 355 
DORE ee seca ses ee GOW ete oataeneceens LS 7ASa | eee do 3} 33510) 
DOR ahs ace eee GOS eee eee aces USU7AGr eee do. -| 368 
DOSS = sees leee ae Gee See tase ae yi ee 151747 Female, ‘adult.| 350 
DOM eases Pulo Soren, Klumpang Bay | 151748 | Female, old...| 348 
Donseeest. Saratok R., Klumpang Bay} 151750 | Male, adult....| 342 
DOsenseas- Pangkallahan R., Klum- | 151749 | Female, old-..| 335 

pang Bay. 
IDG useee Kilumipang! Bayecc- ose 154300 | Male, old...-.. 340 
WD Oe cen heellecee GOs bite ce ee cee 154301 | Male, adult....) 336 
Domest ane Ramikan oes ayjee ee ene eee 151751 | Female, adult.} 315 
DOES eS aes sate GO eee Sees ald ae ee 154298 | Male, adult....} 320 
ID Onset ces aloanice Gln see ee eesscaasear 154299 |....- dose 325 
DOs geass Sampanahan R., Pamu- | 151752 | Female,young | 300 
kang Bay. 
IDO see eer tncee Ghee Jase ere ME egepSbas ae 151753 | Female, adult.| 345 
DON |p seer GOs ee Aas eee oe 151754 | Male, old...... 338 
DOs asstssc\loeiee GOS saeiowe Ghee aoe oe 151755 | Female, adult.| 348 

Jie OTT eae Saratok, Pulo Laut........ 151756 | Male, edule 355 
DOP iaere. ee a] Meese Go ssa ee sac eee MSR, ose ae .| 370 
1BXCys Se ena eee GOs eae Serr nee 3151758 eae! ‘adult.| 355 
DOeseccteer | sees Cl Baremnacoeseoncscencs 151759 | Male, old...... 345 
DOR ees ccaleseer GOS eee Bee een ee 151760 Male. adult....) 345 

RB MUIMOU Dee ooe| Poul Sebukul sseoeeeeeneeoe VS LTGUS cee Chmesrciose 340 
DOME eter ret (0 (0) Goat eee ase eee 3151762 | Male, old.....- 333 
DOs aces salneeae Oe es ae SOW Stree ea inne 151763 Female, adult} 330 
DOE eos.) nom ar GOsse teen seee cearee 517,645 | Soeee 325 
DOS 2 Saasae\astes GOs ee ees etee oem 151765 | Male, pane 343 
1D) Se eecaees| aeeee (ley or ee serene 151766 | Male, old..-.... 338 
1D one See Reece Oe eRe hs ewes 151767 Male, adult....} 335 


S | Greatest length of skull. 
Zygomatic breadth. 


67.0 


DOD 
DAR: 
ford) 


DPARABAADADAD AHR Bom 
DE SEC ESD RS SSS a 
mB NOMA NIeS WOM WRw 

oo 

wa} 

a 


> 


Interorbital constriction. 


eI) 
Ceigh 


bob tho 
Sa 
SSOWMMDOSDOWNSCSORASCS BWHROSCS wNUwHmmonnm wwo om 


NNNNHYNNNNNY NNNNNID NNNWNNWt 


lin EDL CO EN ES IES Ser STAY SES (EY SUS SD SL ten) SS ISaue 


Nwovnwy 


no.1809. WAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 


oi 


Specimens examined.—Seven, all from Pulo Sebuku. 

Remarks.—Superficially the two species, R. vittata and R. vittatula, 
appear identical, but the difference in size is absolutely constant, 
and there is no doubt as to their specific distinctness. The light 
coloring of the neck in £. vittatula is also constant. Both species are 
clearly offshoots from the mainland R. ephippium. The smallness 
of the Sebuku specimens was noticed by Doctor Abbott in the field. 


NANNOSCIURUS EXILIS (Miiller). 


1907. Nannosciurus exilis, Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 558, December 
24, 1907. 


One specimen collected at Sanggau in 1905. 


NANNOSCIURUS BORNEANUS Lyon. 


1906. Nannosciurus borneanus Lyon, Proc. Biol. Sec. Wash., vol. 19, p. 54, May 
1, 1906. 

1907. Nannosciurus borneanus, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 558, 
December 24, 1907. 


Fourteen additional specimens of this species of pigmy squirrel were 
secured, five from southeastern Borneo and nine from southwestern 
Borneo. They differ in no essential respects from the original series. 

(For measurements and exact localities see table below. Three 
specimens from. Matan River and one immature individual from 
Tjantung, all in alcohol, are not included in the table.) 


Measurements of pigmy squirrels. 


| 
2) 4 
E lee 5 
e Slag} a | 4 
Cata- rea est Peirce bees I 
/ Name. Locality. logue’| Sexandage. | 8 | & | E | SH) 3 | S§ 
No. o ra ray is aq a Ss 
tall (aah st Wg ace eS al ee 
3 oD oe) a u 
3/Flel/os] 3 a 
ae eee Shel fehen | 8 
el tee Pipe ah car sh eere i S| 
mm.| mm.) mm.) mm. | mm. | mm. 
Nannosciurus borne- | Pangkallahan River. .} 151793 | Male, adult. -.|...-- 67 | 24] 15.4) 15.0 8.7 
.| Saratok River.-.......| 151794 |....- Gosteeae- 83 | 62:1) 23). 15.5: 15.79) 10) 2 
Klumpang Bay..-.-.- 151795 | Female, adult.| 85 | 70] 24] 15.6] 15.8] 10.8 
Upper Pasir River... .|154407 | Male, adult...| 75} 52) 21 |....--/------}...-.- 
Kendawangan River.| 153682 dol GON 9251 |ean ae leas eel enine oe 
Sempang River...-.-.. 145387 80) 60} 24] 15.2] 16.3 10.2 
De de ete! sicrecoelieve rere Otros eee ae 40388 80 | 65 24-| 15.0 | 15.7 9.7 
Sungei Matan........ 145389 | Female, adult.| 87] 63] 26] 16.0] 16.4] 10.3 
WEAR OSU OE Onae mesa GOze ese oes ae 4 os90n lo Malesadiltee el) Wii fd |e 2a ld <Gu)| Ga, 11.0 
EOCEOBbades= 45] saecc do...............-| 145391 | Female, adult.) 80) 60] 24 | 16.8 | 16.4 10.0 


1Collector’s measurements. 


2 Measured by writer after relaxing feet in water. 


80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——7 


3 Tn alcohol. 


98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


EPIMYS EPHIPPIUM Jentink. 


1880. Mus ephippium Jentinx, Notes Leyden Museum, vol. 2, p. 15. 

1894. Mus ephippium, Tuomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 14, p. 453. 

1907. Mus ephippiuwm, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 558, December 24, 
1907. 

In addition to the nine specimens of Epimys ephippium taken in 
western Borneo in 1905, Doctor Abbott secured twelve others, on later 
expeditions; two from Mount Palung, nine from Sempang River, one 
from Kendawangan River. None were taken in southeastern Borneo. 

(For measurements see table below.) 


Measurements of Epimys ephippium. 


i at 

a Ss 

a z 

: |) 2]2 
Cata- 3 eee eet || Sie 
Name. Locality. logue Sex. State of wear of | & F EB 89 
No. teeth. sy oi eee 

rs ie) » = u 

3 & g 2 |= 

nel |b cab jots: = By lee, 

8 |) Sie Meee 

se St |p eee ||) 8S N |4 
mm.| mm.| mm.| mm. | mm. | mm 
E. ephippium...| Gunong Palung} 145553 | Male....| Slightly worn..-| (1) | (@) | @) | 319] 14.8] 5.4 
IDS a Aue oee seems Ona sears 145555 | Female .|.-.-- dose ose (@) |} @) | @) | 31.9) 14.7) 5.7 
DOs Senses Sempang River] 145556 |...do....|..... GOs aces ace PAH ae aes 24 | 31.1) 13.9] 5.2 
DOS seh. Saline ase GOssesetas IMG EVA SAGWs5a||seeae (Ks eee ere 130 | 127 | 24) 31.1) 148] 5.2 
MOR eo scaces leat e dos eae 145558 | Male....) Unworn.....--. 1.06)3]| 120i) i254) Se =— | see 5.3 
1D Seasene| eee dora 52 145559 | Female -.|...-.- GOR sense 108 | 128 | 24 | 28.0 |..--.-- 4.9 
DO taseeeeclesecs Ossi saacce 145560 |...do....| Slightly worn2..| 130 | 135 | 25 | 30.7 |...-.- 5.3 
ID Yee tie aera G02 eocesnne 1455615 |p edOee a leeeee G0eeetcesece 127 | 140) 25] 31.8] 14.0] 5.3 
1D Ee oae ol eee G0s23-2 522 145562 | Male....|....- Gossies eke 131 | 188 | 28 | 32.8 | 14.6] 5.5 
DOr kh eee amaleesss Gost s sees 145563 | Female .|.-..-- (0 (a Sen 140 | 1386 | 26] 31.6] 14.8] 5.6 
1D ty) Seer etic eee Gores suse 145564 | Male....}..--- Gorse eae 135 | 126} 26 | 32.3) 149) 5.3 
1DYe SoReal Kendawangan | 153720 | Female .}..........-...-..- P21 |) 1265) 227) See ae eet eee 

River. 
1 Skull only. 3 Scrotum very large. 
2 Uterus contained 7 embryos. 4 Mamme 2-2=8, evidently nursing. 


EPIMYS NEGLECTUS Jentink. 


1880. Epimys neglectus JentTINK, Notes Leyden Museum, vol. 2, p. 14, January, 
1880. Type-locality, Banjarmasin. 

Doctor Abbott collected a large number of rats which may be 
referred to Jentink’s Epimys neglectus. Most of them are from small 
islands lying off the coast of Borneo. Two only are from the main- 
land of Borneo and none were taken on the comparatively large Pulos 
Laut and Sebuku. As a whole the 83 specimens are fairly uniform in 
size, color, and cranial characters, after due allowance has been made 
for age. The dimensions of head and body, tail, and condylo-basal ° 
length of skull are increased as the animal advances toward old age. 
T have used the amount of wear of the check teeth for comparing ages. 
The measurements of hind foot and the alveoli of the maxillary tooth 
row are quite constant, irrespective of age. (See table of measure- 
ments, p. 101.) The great majority of the specimens are dark brownish 
in color but in nearly every island series certain of the skins tend to 
reddish brown. This is merely an individual characteristic and I am 


no. 1809. "MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 99 


unable to see that a series from one island differs as a whole from a 
series from another island. On the basis of measurements of the 
hind feet and the maxillary tooth row these rats may be separated 
into three groups: A group with small feet and smail teeth charac- 
teristic of the specimens from the mainland and from the small and 
close-lying islands of Junata and Bauwal. These are here considered 
as typical Hpimys neglectus. They agree closely with Jentink’s 
measurements of the type. A group with small feet and large teeth, 
embracing the specimens from Pulos Panebangan, Lamukotan, and 
Mata Siri. A group with large feet and large teeth from Pulos Pelapis 
and Datu. Each of the last two groups are described below as 
subspecies of Hpimys neglectus. They are not well marked forms and 
without a series of specimens it would be impossible to identify them, 
but they present average differences in size which can not be disre- 
garded. It should be noted that the islands in geographic relation 
to each other, Pelapis and Panebangan, and ier and Lamukotan 
are not in sana to each other so far as the forms of neglectus rats 


are concerned. 
EPIMYS NEGLECTUS DUCIS, new subspecies. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 145511, collected on 
Pulo Datu, off west coast of Borneo, May 4, 1907, by Dr. W. L. 
Abbott. Original number, 5174. 

Diagnostic characters.—A form of Epimys neglectus Jentink charac- 
terized by longer hind feet and longer maxillary tooth row. 

Distribution.—The islands of Pelapis and Datu off the west coast 
of Borneo. 

Color.—Type: Upper parts and sides of head, neck and body, a 
mixture of blackish brown and a color between ochraceous buff and 
clay color, the blackish brown slightly in excess; under parts, cream 
buff, more or less dirty; outer sides of legs, eanilen to upper parts, 
inner sides, similar to under parts; tail fae brownish; scantily haired, 
3 brownish hairs to a scale, and each hair about the length of 14 scales; 
outside of ears with short brownish hairs, inside with light dull 
buffy hairs. 

Pelage.—Pelage of the back is composed of (1) rather long slender 
hairs, slaty at the base with a conspicuous ochraceous-buff-clay 
colored subterminal band, and a small dark brownish tip; (2) less 
numerous flattened, grooved bristles, somewhat spine-like, but not 
stiff enough for true spines, colored light grayish basally, and with a 
conspicuous brownish tip; (3) a few long slender bristles nearly twice 
the length of the grooved bristles, uniformly dark brownish in color. 

Skull and teeth.—These are of the same general form and size as in 
the alexandrinus-rattus group of rats. The maxillary tooth row 
averages longer, from about 7 to 7.7 mm., than it does in typical 
Mus neglectus, about 6.5 to 7. 


100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Measurements.—For external and cranial measurements of the 
type and series, see table, pages 101 and 102. The length of hind 
foot of this subspecies runs from 38 to 44 mm. nearly always over 
40 mm., of the typical subspecies, 35 to 39, always under 40. 


EPIMYS NEGLECTUS LAMUCOTANUS, new subspecies. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult female, Cat. No. 145497, collected 
on Pulo Lamukotan, off west coast of Borneo, May 10, 1907, by 
Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5224. 

Diagnostic characters.—A form of Epimys neglectus Jentink, char- 
acterized by a longer maxillary tooth row. 

Distribution.—The islands of Lamukotan and Panebangan, off the 
west coast of Borneo, and Pulo Mata Siri, off the southeast coast of 
Borneo. 

Color.—Type: Upper parts and sides of head, neck, and body, a 
mixture in about equal proportions of blackish brown and a color 
between ochraceous buff and clay color; under parts, cream buff; 
outside of legs similar to upper parts; inner side similar to under parts; 
tail light brownish, scantily haired, three brownish hairs to each scale, 
and each hair about the length of one and one-half scales; outside of 
ears with short brownish hairs, inside with ight dull buffy hairs. 

Pelage.—As in Epimys neglectus ducis above. 

Skull and teeth.—These are of the same general form and size as in 
the alexandrinus-rattus group of rats. The maxillary tooth row 
averages longer, from about 7 to 7.6 mm., than it does in typical 
Epimys neglectus, about 6.5 to 7. 

Measurements.—F¥or external and cranial measurements of the 
type and series, see table, page 101. The length of hind foot of this 
subspecies runs from 35 to 40 mm., nearly always under 40, about 
the same as in the typical subspecies. 

Remarks.—The Mata Siri skins have on the average slightly longer 
hind feet than do skins from Panebangan and Lamukotan. Some of 
them have feet quite as large as do the members of the preceding 
subspecies, but they seem closest to the present form. 


no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 101 


Measurements of Epimys neglectus. 


F a 
= = 
oD - 
“ Perea 
Cata- 7 ra ios 
Name. Locality. logue | Sex. | State of wear of | § g E |8a 
No teeth. fel 4, 3 Ge Leo 
: se) zal liters feu) |i (zl 
a fe) 2 3 5 
Ry oe, [bees qo 
bo} ber uo} Sie} 5S = 
3 = q q to || 4 
ov a — o — Ss 
Mia |] o N |4 
——o 
mm.|mm.\mm.| mm. | mm. |mm 
E.neglectus neg-| Sempang River.| 145569 | Male....|...............--- se ey ee Se SOR eg eA Pea SESS 
lectus. 
DOS eee ee = 5 GO: 52 eases 145570 | Female .| Slightly worn. -..| 160 | 173 | 35 | 35.9 | 18.0] 6.5 
WOR seas: Pulo Junata..... 145442 | Male....| Moderatel y 195 | 192 | 37 | 40.6 | 20.4] 6.7 
worn. 
1D Gyo Aa eee dovate s:cee: 145443 |...do..... Much worn.....-. 195 | 182 | 37 | 40.5 | 19.9 | 6.7 
MOSS 2 [beiaes Goss i Sse 145444) Eek dors +. Slightly worn. ..| 162 | 178 | 35 | 37.5 | 18.4] 6.3 
DOS sees acs leecen Choe See 145445 |...do..... Much worn...... 193 | 184 | 37 | 40.2 | 19.4] 6.5 
IDO he oa eee Coens Govtsc tees. 1454467)... <dOs. sc] 5-50 dois 3. s32583< 194 | 185 | 37 | 40.7 | 19.7 6.7 
LD OMe e ses|eoe cs dota: 145447 Ais Co Rees seer Gore oes: 198 | 193 | 39 | 41.5 | 19.6] 6.8 
ND) Oe ee ae Be od Ob ase. aan 145448 | Female .| Moderately | 202 | 203 | 39 | 41.6 | 20.1 | 7.1 
worn. 
1D Yo} Sy esa (eee Ores Sees 145449 |...do..... Much worn.....- 198 | 193 | 39 | 42.3 | 20.2 | 6.7 
DOe. Se etaos Pulo Bauwal....| 153731 | Male....| Moderatel Ve!) 176i] 2057/39) |e 19.0} 6.8 
worn. 
100) ee eae Se GOseee -cee2 153732 a6 (oS seca dows eas: 190 | 216 | 40 | 39.9 | 20.4] 6.9 
DO sastesclce sed Goris s- dae 153734 |...d0..... Slightly worn. ..] 166 | 190 | 38 | 36.3 | 18.4] 6.8 
OSs mes ace esac GO eeaee nane 153733 | Female .|..... doin Fee 153 | 195 | 39 | 35.8 | 17.9] 6.9 
DAE Ges are ne (eae GOL eee a 328: 153735) |saed Of see Moderately | 181 | 212 | 39 | 39.5 | 20.0| 6.7 
worn. 
POMS Sao 2 | bess 03244-2825 153736: s2-€ 05-55 Slightly worn...| 175 | 213 | 39 | 37.5 | 18.3 | 7.2 
E. neglectus lam-| Pula Mata Siri - .|? 151943 “Male....| Moderatel ea laces care iat 38 | 37.9 | 18.7 | 7.3 
ucotanus. worn. 
IDO} See Geese enee CO's ae Mere. Fe 1151946) 22 /G0n.-<5|-anins dow. se sa332 182 | 171 | 38 | 37.9 | 19.5 7.2 
1D os ese see) eevee Ol ssa SAAS U5194 79) Ss adoeeee| hose do: Py: 183 | 183 | 38 | 38.2 | 20.2 7.4 
IDC Gee aes aan GO aes 22 552 U5 T9485 Se GOee ease a8 Oboes semen TlZrdnl) MUST A BAC RT EON Salle hy) 7.6 
1D eee heen eeee Gow ee ee IMs hey Sc Ko RE Comes eae 184) LOD SS SOG s|e20e on nn hee 
DO ee se [e iets 2 Co oS SE Pails Gaia eeco tee sel See dow See 196 | 215 | 41 | 41.7 | 21.4] 7.3 
DOs ase 5 Selke tee GOs ta) 5855- 2151955 |...do..... ACG (OSes es 192 | 204 | 41 | 40.8 | 20.4] 7.3 
WOR Fe secte| ete GOeeSSees eee PL OL956) |asedOlcese “Much worn...... 193 | 190 | 39 | 40.3 | 20.5] 7.5 
1D eRe en ease Cotes ache ce H5LO5S) |PaedOeesse Moderately | 199 | 190 | 40} 41.5 | 21.2] 7.5 
worn. 
DY SAs paaee eee Goss ateeeeal) LOLS as dOvssen| MeassdOessus aasee 199 ces 41 | 41.8 | 20.8] 7.4 
DOs Sacec |stats doste 53525 151960! |xeG Os oe ae| + sa edOceenngsseee 194 | 166 | 39 | 39.7 | 20.6] 7.3 
One eee anes Orestes 2151944 | Female .|..... dol see ease 1SFe 18S 39) | sOnsn 0s oe | wad 
DO Ae See san sen GO ssec ews se bua lfs ey Ci Ko Ve esos) et eee (oe nereee 184 | 186 | 39 | 40.0 | 19.8 | 7.4 
Doers tances head 0 Ko San TS51L949N | s< 2G: 22 te Ss eOs.. 5. coee 194°\6196)\139) Seen cle oes os 7.4 
DORR Slee oee dos Sse. P51950) esd Osece classe GOre ea os cee 190 | 182 | 37 | 38.7 | 20.7 7.5 
IDOLS ess alseeee GO Sseeeeaas 211952 IE Sod Osss oe Muchiworn-sasse|.secclaoe ce ere euler Sa ea Tal Recs 
1D Gye AE Se ea leper! dovasere cee 2151954 |...do..... Moderately | 177 } 183 ! 38 | 87.5 J-.--.... 7.2 
worn. 
DORs ee dele eat GOs eases: 151957, |S5-00Lse-— Much worn.....- 199 | 207 || 41. |) 4322) |; 22551 |) 7.3 
ID Yas Shes Aas ener domes tse ey USTOGUEIE Sd Osncec hse eGOrs. tyee- 200 | 187 | 40 | 41.9 | 22.3 7.2 
ID Yor aeie es Fue) Lamu- | 145485 | Male.... Slightly worn...} 184 | 181 | 37 | 39.7 | 19.7] 7.2 
<otan. 
454 Gr ee OO sesae|ee oe COzsce eee cea 1 O7))| So nSS Moodie | eLOsae mural 
PADAR (alee Oe seen a= cnc On se seie eee 172 | 173 | 38 | 37.4 | 18.0 7.2 
TADS al eedOse cel case @O: cow scenas 186 | 181 | 39 | 39.5 | 18.9] 7.0 
145489). SdOs..- S|hace Os: Sscceahce 168 | 173 | 39 |} 36.8 | 18.8 | 7.2 
145490 Me Sed Ole .|-- 22 GO.-c<5 aaicoae 180 } 189 | 38 | 37.6] 18.7] 7.4 
145491 |...do..... Much WOIN.. =... 201 | 179 | 39 | 41.5 | 20.6] 7.4 
145492 |...do..... Slightly worn...] 156 | 164 | 38 | 35.5 | 17.5 | 7.1 
145403 eNO SSeaa| sine se Oreccune as 158 | 147 | 37 | 35.7 | 18.4 |) 7.2 
45494 ee dOsen cee <les doe eee TUS EGY (a) | 9/8] Re aa Vie, 7.2 
145495 | Female .]...-. do. TSS PLT gate oseeers | eee 7.2 
145496 |...do..... Moderately. 194 | 185 | 36 | 39.3 | 20.0] 7.3 
worn. 
3145497 |...do..... SCOR so iee sas 180 | 178 | 38 | 39.6 | 20.0] 7.6 
145544 “Male... “Mod erately | 178 | 175 | 37 | 38.0 | 19.1 7.3 
worn. 
145545) ee OOseecs |p saedOresene- sere ep 1LOOn1ESH cou|padece! Lead. | eure 
145547 B10 Ko esta [acai Vo) vinta Ss Sens 180 | 182 | 36 } 38.4 |----.. (eal 
145546 | Female . Slightly worn. 145 | 160 | 36 | 34.4] 18.2] 7.6 
145548 |...do..... Moderately STG erie 37 | 40.0 | 20.5} 7.5 
worn. 
DOES eee | eater do...........|2145550 | Male....| Much worn...... TSBiosee Sie keer 19.6] 6.8 
DORs ae acel-eleeres GON seco ena aoboleieaedOrerss Moderately | 177 | 154 | 35 | 37.4| 19.5] 7.4 
worn. 
IDR ea ece laa GOs eeeee eee al 45 pb 24 |ee Olea | eee Ob eae aes WS! | UGGe (Sa5 AS75385) SL ORS 659) 
DOM ae caleertes do. .----|?145549 | Female .| Much worn...... TSA eTSGh Ot \NS9eo| Blea | eva 
£E. neglectus| Pulo Wate sae 1455070) Male. ces). 52¢ Close eae sae 206, | 202 } 43 |°42.7 |--...- 7.7 


ducis. 
1Collector’s measurements. 2Skull only, but specimen measured in flesh by collector. 3 Type. 


102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Measurements of Epimys neglectus—Continued. 


3 
ae 
oO 
q si RS 
a = = 3 
Cata- rear of | = = |og 
Name. Locality. logue Sex. State ol wear ° 2 2 eB le $ 
No. = < a 3 >> 
a 5 2 3 5 
& Ea lacs Se 
gilaiel se | & ie 
CH) = a 8 B 3 
Hiei} o N |& 
mm.|mm.\mm.| mm. | mm. |mm 
E. neglectus | Pulo Datu...... 145508 | Male....| Moderately | 206 | 183 | 42 | 41.3] 18.8] 7.3 
ducis. worn. 
DOMES CeaIEELE Ow esece see) W45500 Ne dorese: Much worn...-...| 209 | 202 | 41 | 42.3 | 20.5] 6.9 
1D oye ME ae Se i eas Gonssst 2 ae 145510 |...do-..... Moderately | 210 | 206 | 43 | 41.7} 19.6 | 7.7 
worn. 
180 a ooeee Saeae Gossees ose MASS US Ree doses | sae ae do.........-.| 200 | 194] 40 | 40.4; 19.8] 7.6 
IDS ane) eee ae Gone aes Lab Sl 2n| Seed Osea | eee doen 2235 208 | 195 | 42 | 40.7] 19.6 | 7.4 
10) Gene eee |e ha do.......--.-] 145513 | Female .| Much worn...... 199 | 198 | 42 | 41.5 | 19.8} 7.2 
1DYOA Se ae ae eae Glos eae =F V4 5b VAS edorscne|eeeee GOs eteeecee 212 | 198 | 42 | 43.6 | 19.9 6.9 
IDYo See, cose (een Coe Seve lL 4bol or eed OL seen | eee dos eae 216 | 216 | 44 | 43.1 | 21.4] 7.6 
Wee eae Elke 8 Ors a2 sees |) 1455160] Sead ons es| head ots meaam ee 210 | 182 | 41 | 42.5 | 21.0] 7.2 
IDO SSeS aoe eee dot sssese ec /s|) L455 17a Eee Obs seal yen Ostet eee 207) | 953A) eee 20.3 7.4 
DOME a Pulo Pelapis..../ 145450 | Male....| Moderately | 212 | 222 | 41 | 42.7 | 21.5| 7.3 
worn. 
DOR eee | ees GOtereee a= eal 4545 Uae dosesee Much worn.....- 207 | 208 | 40 | 42.3 | 21.9] 7.8 
DOR eee se eee 8 Gozanrtee ee TA5 4525 sdOlzena|neree do See 208 | 220 | 41 |.....-|_..... te 
DOs a ee EE Ae Osea eee | el 454505 pen doreeen Moderately | 210 | 207 | 41 | 41.9 | 20.5| 7.6 
worn. 
HE) pee etn doses 145458 |}...do..... Much worn...... 214 | 187 | 41 | 42.4] 21.8] 7.4 
BD Yo ok ep Leh eagees Ose seas (45459) eedomes. pecs donee tae 207 | 204 | 40 |...... 21.4] 6.9 
1DYoyae eye be a eae Goeeeee oe eee la 5460N | endoreeae Moderately | 202 | 174 | 40] 41.1 | 20.5] 7.3 
worn. 
DOR sans eo |e ee Gossres Rees 145453 220 | 40 | 41.7 | 22.0] ° 7.3 
Dore sesee 2 eer 3 Ort 2 eee || 145454 ead 213 | 40 | 41.6 | 20.5] 7.5 
DORE eee Mea EE dorstes = 2555) 45456 | edons 200 | 40 | 40.9 | 20.8] 7.2 
DOA ee Lae donee ar. 145457 |... 220 | 41 | 42.5 | 22.0] 7.5 
DOG ee Sa Osean eee ee 214546 204 | 38 | 39.0} 19.3] 7.4 
1D Yo) Se eee | 35 eee Gone Bee 2145462) PeadOve 5 J5| pened OL een ee aie il Oa mae 38 | 39.3 | 19.7} 7.2 
INO ae ES ee Gosia +3 Vee 2145463 200 | 41 | 39.8 | 20.0] 7.3 
DOrs mee SAIL. E 3 doe Ae ee 2145464 |...d 193 | 39 | 39.8 | 19.8] 7.4 
1Type. * Skull only, but specimen measured in flesh by collector. 


EPIMYS SEBUCUS, new species. : 

Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 151964, collected 
on Pulo Sebuku, off southeastern coast of Borneo January 2, 1908, 
by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5717. 

Magnostic characters —A member of the Epimys firmus * group, 
differing from the typical form in a more reddish brown general col- 
oration. 

Color.—Type: Upper parts and sides of head, neck, and body 
and outer sides of legs a coarse grizzly mixture of blackish and a 
color something between russet and tawny olive, the russet more 
conspicuous posteriorly; under parts and inner sides of legs, buff or 
buffy, the hairs practically the same color to their bases; tail uni- . 
formly brownish throughout; feet similar, ears dark brownish, very 
scantily haired with short dark hairs. 

Pelage.—Pelage of three kinds of hairs, short, uniformly grayish 
colored under fur; longer hairs with dark bases, a russet-tawny olive 
middle portion and blackish tips; and long, slender grooved bristles, 
uniformly blackish in color; the three types named in the order cf 
their abundance. Middle portion of tail with ten scales to the cen- 


® Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1902, p. 155, June 11, 1902. 


no.1809. JIAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 103 


timeter, each scale subtended by three hairs, equalling a scale or a 
scale and a quarter in length. 

Skull and teeth.—These show no special characters, and I can 
find no essential differences to distinguish them from the skulls 
and teeth of Epimys firmus. 

Measurements.—For measurements of the type and series see 
table, page 104. 

Specimens examined.—Eleven, all from Pulo Sebuku. 

Remarks.—Epimys sebucus at best can only be considered a slightly 
differentiated form of the widely distributed Epimys firmus group, 
of which there are many examples in the museum from Sumatra 
and adjacent islands and the Rhio-Linga Archipelago. No members 
of the group were taken on Borneo. 


EPIMYS CRASSUS, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat, No. 145471, collected on 
Pulo Lamukotan, off the west coast of Borneo, May 8, 1907, by 
Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5190. 

Diagnostic characters—A large member of the Epimys firmus * 
eroup, differing from the typical form in larger size, larger and 
heavier skull, and a rather prominent swelling on the anterior 
portion of the nasal bones. 

Color.—Type: Upper parts and sides of head, neck, and body, 
and outer sides of legs a coarse grizzly mixture of blackish and buff, 
slightly darker and rather duller than that of Ridgway; under parts 
and inner sides of legs cream color, the hairs essentially the same 
color throughout; tail and feet light brownish; ears dark brownish, 
very scantily covered with short, dark hairs. 

Pelage—Pelage of three kinds of hairs; short, uniformly grayish 
colored under fur; longer hairs with dark bases, a buffy middle 
portion, and blackish tips; and long, slender grooved bristles, black- 
ish in color; the three types named in the order of their abundance. 
Middle portion of tail with eight and one-half scales to the centi- 
meter, each scale subtended by three hairs, equally about a scale 
and a quarter in length. 

Skull and teeth.—The skulls of Epimys crassus average larger and 
heavier than do those of EZ. firmus of like age, and most of the speci- 
mens have an elongated swelling on the outer side of the anterior 
half of the nasal bones, which is barely indicated on the skulls of 
other members of the firmus group. The teeth average slightly 
smaller than they do in Epimys sebucus. The bullz, also, are a 
trifle smaller in /. crassus. 

Measurements —For measurements of the type and series see 
table, page 104. 

Specimens examined.—Fourteen, from Pulo Lamukotan. 


1 Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1902, p. 155, June 11, 1902. 


104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Remarks.— Epimys crassus appears to be a well-defined member of 
the E. firmus group. It is larger than anyother members of the 
group in the U. S. National Museum. The swelling of the nasals is 
also quite characteristic. Externally it can not be differentiated 
from typical firmus. 


Measurements of rats of the firmus group. 


; s 
bo Sealbs 
“4, 8 Ss 4 
Cata- State of wear of 3 3 Noes 
Name. Locality. logue Sex. Ta ene 8 PA E So 
No. ; & Resins tics Baty eats 
6 
g 8/2] 4 {8 
re i ees o B = 
o ‘3 sl g is a 
Ee Se a ae N [4 
mm.) mm.) mm.| mm. | mm. | mm 
Epimyscrassus.| Pulo Lamuko- |2145471 | Male...-| Moderately worn) 255 | 260 | 50 | 54.2] 27.7 | 88 
tan. 
MM Ox Meson See eee GOsssenen sic’ V4 5A 72M GOs sere ecee Goi sste se eee 259 | 291 OL 1.55. it eese0l | oe 
DOseie tease eee doiss.f 288 145473 |...do-....- Much worn.. 255! 277 | 50) 52:3) 26.7 8:6 
Dome ass se sol eco OS te eee 145474 | Female .|..... do.. 249 | 275 | 49] 50.5] 26.5] 86 
DOs ese cee etine Ol cise see - | L447 Ou doscsss Moderately worn| 210 | 239 | 47 |......|...--- 8.6 
DD Overs some sae GOs soeeste 145476 | Male....| Slightly worn...] 215 | 225 47 |....../.-..-- 8.5 
DOlMAaS: . 2e|E see dow. 325a- 145477 |...do....- Moderately worn| 240 | 262} 49| 50.5 | 263] 8&8 
DOstsecece aleacce Oss ano | 454784) eedos. sasleeaee 0 (ere oe 232 | 258} 49] 50.0] 24.5] 87 
ID OWS ater do....------| 145479 | Female .|..... Go 2. = obs 5) 225) 1240! | Ae PATS soul ess 
WO es. sosase| wacee GOs sks 2-2] 45480) Males so 2 |i soe do.....:-----| 227 | 239} 50:) 47.9) 24°6))" 829 
WOR seas costae doves. S254 1454817) Sedosssca|eee ae do........-.-! 241 | 279 | 53 | 49.6} 24.5) 8.7 
WD Oj satats eel eeee Go ee se) 145482") 2edoreece|eocee 6 Pe eaaiooee eet eiSooe 48 | 48.2] 24.9] 8.9 
WO: dssche Sele eee do......--..| 145483 | Female .|..... dotsct sea 222 | 219| 47 | 46.2 | 24.3) 8&8 
1D Yo a eee eee dose ose 145484 |...do-....- Much worn....-..| 242 | 255 | 49] 52.9] 26.2) 8&5 
Epimys sebucus | Pulo Sebuku. .-| 151962 Malebua,| 29483 GO eee ee 9263010267) 250 ola arene eenoent 
DOES see sola Govsess 253 151963 | Female .|..... doz 254 | 255 | 46} 48.8 | 25.7) 9.3 
Doress see lees Woxses. ae. 2151964 | Male.... Moderately worn) 251 | 277] 51 | 49.6] 26.4] 9.8 
IDO See een (raerte COsess-s eer 151965 | Female .|....-. do.. ..---| 225 | 242] 46 | 48.0] 25.3 | 9.4 
DOte- 222 etelseeae do........-.| 151966 | Male....| Much worn...... AU Me ee 51 | 50.5 | 27.5] 9.6 
IDO Sareea Secs Gosesaeeces 1 SLOG TH EsedOsese= Slightly worn. -.| 216 | 224 | 46 | 45.7 | 23.0] 9.1 
Doth? Peers teoes (Ko eee 151968 | Female .| Much worn......| 237 | 238 | 48 | 49.5 | 27.2| 9.5 
DORs soe see | Pee ee dovsse-aeeee 151969 |...do.....|.....d0..........-| 234] 234) 46 | 48.9) | 25.0))|> 9:0 
1D) OF eee | aes Onset ee 151970 | Male....) Unworn.......-- 192 | 210 | 46] 40.8 | 21.6] 89 
IDG See eee leaood Gon oases) WSIS Te ssdoRe. Much worn....-..| 247 | 233 | 46 | 49.9] 26.7] 9.1 
IDO ee eee acre GOs teeta 151972 | Female .| Moderately worn) 230 | 250 | 46 | 48.2 | 24.9] 9.4 
| 
1 Collector’s measurements. 2 Type. 


EPIMYS SABANUS Thomas. 
1887. Mus sabanus Tuomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 20, p. 269, 1887. 


Six specimens from the mainland of Borneo, a fully adult female 
from the foot of Mount Palung, a young adult female from the 
Saratok River, and four young adult females from Balik Papan Bay, 
and a young adult female from Pulo Laut. The fully adult specimen 
agrees in all essential respects with an example from northern 
Borneo. The younger specimens, however, are distinctly smaller, 
more so than their age would indicate. It is possible that they 
represent another form of the E ipimys sabanus group, but the mate- 
vial at hand is too scanty to determine this. 

(For measurements see table, p. 106.) 


EPIMYS NASUTUS, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 145519, collected on 
Pulo Panebangan, off west coast of Borneo, May 21, 1907, by Dr. W. L. 
Abbott. Original number, 5270. 


xno.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 105 


Diagnostic characters.—A member of the Epimys sabanus! group 
characterized by a shorter tail, somewhat smaller skull, and dis- 
tinctly heavier rostrum. 

Color—Type: Upper parts and sides of head, neck, and body and 
outer sides of legs a mixture of blackish and orange buff, the former 
in excess in the median line, and the latter in excess along the sides 
and on the legs; underparts, including inner sides of legs, cream color, 
lighter on the throat than elsewhere; ears dark brownish, scantily 
clothed with a few dark hairs; tail brownish, not noticeably lighter 
below than above. 

Pelage.—Pelage composed of three kinds of hairs—a rather scanty, 
dull, drab-gray colored underfur; hairs of normal texture, with dull 
grayish bases, succeeded by a dark brownish ring, then the con- 
spicuous orange buff band and a small blackish apex; flattened and 
grooved spines, dull grayish at base and blackish at extremity. On 
the underparts the spinous hairs are shorter and weaker, and all the 
hairs are uniformly cream color throughout. Middle portion of tail 
with seven and one-half scales to the centimeter, each scale sub- 
tended by three hairs about a scale and a half in length. 

Skull and teeth.—The skull and teeth are about the average in size 
for the group, but the skull is angular and massive; the brain case 
and interorbital region being wider than usual, and the rostrum 
unusually heavy. 

Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 252 (253)? mm.; tail, 326 
(329); hind foot, 54 (49); condylo-basal length of skull, 51.4 (51.7); 
zygomatic width, 25.8 (26.2); interorbital constriction, 9.3 (9.4); 
breadth of brain case above roots of zygomata 19.4 (19.4); greatest 
breadth of rostrum, 11 (10.6); depth of rostrum near incisors, 11.3 
(11.5); maxillary tooth row, alveoli, 9.3 (9.3). (See table, p. 106.) 

Specimens examined.—Three, all from Pulo Panebangan, two skins 
with skulls and one skull without skin. 

Remarks.— Epimys nasutus differs by its heavy rostrum from all 
the rats of the . sabanus group that I have seen with the exception 
of H. bale from Tana Bala of the Batu Islands, off the west coast of 
Borneo.. The skull of the Panebangan animal is decidedly larger, 
however, than that of the rat from Tana Bala. The tail of the latter 
is rather short and uniformly brownish in color, like the tail of Epimys 
nasutus. The tails of about half the members of the group are dis- 
tinctly bicolor, brownish above and cream color beneath. 


1 Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 20, p. 269, 1887. 
2 Measurements in parentheses are those of a paratype, Cat. No. 145518, an old adult female. 


106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 40. 


Measurements of long-tailed rats. 


a 

qa — 

Ep e 

=, B ig 

Cata t es ee cs) S 
‘ata- L=| — as 
Name. Locality. logue Sex. plate ol went p & 2 El Sis 
No. 4 < ar Q (3) o 
co) 3 1 Ss | Be 

a Ss) | es 3S |3 

a = By | cl 

2. | col Sub cael eas 

o ‘3 =| 8 se 3 

fle |] o N |& 
mm.|mm.jmm| mm. | mm. | mm. 
Epimys saba- | Base of Mount | 145565 | Female -| Much worn...-. 263 | 382 | 50 | 53.5 | 24.4 | 10.0 

nus. Palung. 
Owe sse. 2 Saratok River...} 151942 |...do..-..| Moderately worn] 230 | 328 | 49 | 48.3 | 22.5 | 10.1 
Wor ais PuloMwaute\o22 4 | M5107) | Paedouers|sesee dome teensse 210 | 290 | 44 | 45.8 | 23.0] 9.4 
Doss]. 4) balik Papanbay,|543060|-=.d0e a es|eeeer GOs 2! sSstemiele 247 | 370 | 50 | 51.5 | 24.9 | 10.5 
ID oie es aa Peete doi-stecwecs 54307 ee Gon ae pence do. Se s2 244 | 346 | 50 | 51.7 | 25.6 | 10.8 
WOR esas al secs GOsnctee aa 154308) |eeedOsees|Ssen- Gore es aee 231 | 354 | 47 | 49.2 | 24.7] 9.8 
IDS eeraeeeea| peters GOzeeensae es 21 54309) (eae Osea epee. dozto5 42-2 240 | 355 | 48 | 50.7 | 25.0 | 10.0 
Epimys nasu- | Pulo Paneban- } 145518 |...do....| Much worn.....| 253 | 329 | 49 | 51.7 | 26.2] 9.3 
tus. gan. 

WD Oe aemerse le ace Goss-esee cee 2145519 | Male....| Moderately worn} 252 | 326 | 54 | 51.4 | 25.8] 9.3 
DO an ee |eieere Gosaeiee. 26 3145520 | Female -| Slightly worn. .-} 188 | 272 | 46 }......|...... 9.3 


EPIMYS WHITEHEADI (Thomas). 


1894. Mus whiteheadi Tuomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 14, p. 457, 
December, 1894. 


About fifty specimens of small reddish brown, spiny rats, with 
bicolor tails, were collected in various parts of Borneo or on islands 
near the coast by Doctor Abbott. (For the exact localities see table 
of measurements, p. 107.) I have called them all Epimys whiteheadi, 
although they show much variation, and I have been unable to com- 
pare them with topotypes from northern Borneo. Several of the 
present series have a strong tendency to be more brown and less 
“red” on the upper parts and to have gray instead of ochraceous 
bellies. Such specimens also average larger externally and cranially 
than do the others. These specimens are perhaps representatives of 
Thomas’s recently described Epimys whiteheadi perlutus,* but they 
have distinctly smaller skulls, shorter tails, and longer hindfeet, and 
are found in southwestern Borneo and Pulos Bauwal and Sebuku. 
The series of skins from Balik Papan Bay are very uniform in their 
bright “reddish” coloration and look exactly like a series of topo- 
types of Epimys asper (Miller)* from Trong, Lower Siam. 

(For measurements see table, p. 107.) 


1 Collector’s measurements, 4 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 7, p. 205, February, 1911. 


2T ype. ® Proce. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 13, p. 145, April 21, 1900. 
3 Skull only. 


no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. LOT 


Measurements of Epimys whiteheadi. 


a e 

- — : (o) 

Bb ° ao = 
Cata- ssl a|3 |€s 
Locality. logue Sex. State of wear of teeth. | E a BE |S’ 
No. 3 | AS RE RC = 

A 2} » = bu 

= Siete Seats 

= & = 

eee | gute a |) reon We 

© i || ce! & BS | 8 

Hla |e | S N |4 

| 

mm. mm.imm| mm. | mm. |mm. 
Summit of Mount Palung...| 145553 Males eels soci. <<caes ees <= ='-1=:- TBOR EOS eSos aaeee al eeeeesiaeees 
IDI MGe eRe omnes 145554 | Female .| Moderately worn... --- 133 | 125 | 33 | 34.0] 15.6] 6.2 
Dee Aaa eee eee OTS ta SAGs Seelam ae eeeeeeeroe Sear e micas 128) 102) | RSOl eee || oees lesa 
_| 155720 |...do...-| Unworn.. --..---------|-----|----- 52213050) |)14:'0. |) 5.2 
Wey eae cosas Slightly worn. ...-----|----- GOK seca lees 13.0 | 5.2 
155722 | Female .| Moderately worn...-.- 129 | 105 | 28 | 30.4] 14.0] 5.2 
IDOs Masson sep oneabpe rae 155723 |...do....| Much worn. .-...------ Sia eee 26 | 32.2 114.5] 4.9 
1D.) y aS b eae aoe a oNSaooe 2155724 |...do...-| Moderately worn...--- WSOp Peay S2 hoa e te 15.6 | 5.7 
IDs speSacadesecdcea sede 2155725 | Male....|...-.- Onsen ee a= 120 | 115 | 31 | 31.5]14.0| 5.7 
IDO. fae ease oe aceodee 155726 | Female -|.--.- CO AneM En Seen on coe 0 30.5} 14.0] 5.4 
10) og gee op ee moc set 2155727 | Male..--}....- (So see nS HOS OaTe ; Zoe) | Lovo 5.9 
DO) jo 44 sobeeasepogeesas 2155728 | Female -|....- Glen onearcesaebuts 27 | eee 14.6 | 5.9 
DOS Ge deans ane ean pomeas 155729 | Male....|---.- (el) 5 BASRA epee / 8 SO) | reser |e eieteinnn 5.4 
IDs + See coseeoaenapoee 155730 | Female .-|.---. Cliigneconeaaupsaond y Tall ees eet Aol eee 5.3 
PulowBatiwaleea:-2-2-—----- NGBYANO) ||bsa@ke Aosleeaee Olds Spun acseocescas 9 | 31.2]14.4| 5.6 
IDO) ooasassoreeeeeectac 153711 |...do....] Slightly worn. . 30.0] 14.4 | 5.4 
iNOS = Seas see bee smeence ss 5S TZ eee eerie er Ole eee sec Sects OF avon) Oat 
IDD)a Soba eeaaer caceee see 153713 | Female .| Moderately worn OF p 30.7 | 14.7] 5.4 
DO ses coecenceceebeseuae M5740 SO serncl= eee Gk) Gocaoseosecact Y p 31.4] 14.0| 5.5 
ID) Ore eae ee reer= =r NGSVAlS) |EeCs | ool Sece GOS aaeoteeseascs a Beh 3009) |eweecr its) 
IDO) Roa seaeneacodeescerse 153716 |...do...-| Slightly worn : Pe (0? San Gal peeve 5.5 
IDO Hse eeescoscedeneeennc 153717 |...do...-| Moderately worn. .---- Wy ay ete 98 | 30.8] 14.8 | 5.3 
IDs }Aoaebesaaoseaserere 153718 | Male....| Much worn. ..-------- 146 | 130 | 32 | 34.0] 15.4] 5.4 
TDG cas en eeneneee aoe 153719 | Female .| Moderately worn..----|.----|----- oe 30N4: | 44) be4 
PulotSebwkuw =.= ----4---- =. TROP Eee ae ene ARES Soe Seater eo CRE eo ama oitocc) later he AS etal rete Beeee 
D 151934 | Male....| Slightly worn. ..-.----- TSG SS) | ON |eee ate eee | 5.8 
151937 |...do..-.-| Moderately worn...--- 133 | 94 | 28 | 32.7 | 15.0] 5.7 
ASTOSS) |Sea Ome celeste 6U)5 5 nceSeeactoaoes 135 | 105 | 29 | 34.0 | 15.4] 5.9 
151939 | Female .| Slightly worn-...--.--- 130 | 93 | 27 | 31.4] 15.0} 5.6 
3151940 |...do...-. Moderately worn..---- TOR |S SS aloes errs 145204) 15.7 
151941 | Male. d 128 28 | 31.8} 14.8] 5.7 
154321 | Female 8| 5.3 
154322 | Male 6] 5.2 
TG Spey lebaG e aHl Wes ae be acooseooseercoodel ll/4aun tay Ra) on oee mn aeion Boecr 
154324 |...do 5.6 
154325 |...do- - - 5.8 
154326 | Female 5.2 
154327 | Male. ..- 5.5 
154328 | Female - 5.3 
154329 |...do 5.6 
154330 | Male 5.3 
IBZ BEER eOlo oe 5.4 
154332 | Female 5.6 
154333 | Male. -... 5.2 
154335 | Female - 5.8 
154350) | eee =r 5.4 
154337 | Male-.-- 5.2 
154338 | Female - 5.6 


1Collector’s measurements. 2 Belly gray. 3 Uterus contained two embryos. 
EPIMYS RAJAH Thomas. 


1894. Mus rajah Tuomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 14, p. 451, December, 
1894. 

About ninety specimens of rats belonging to the Epimys rajah 
group were collected on Borneo and many of the adjacent islands. 
About half of them, embracing all those from the mainland of Borneo, 
and from Pulos Lamukotan, Datu, and Bauwal, may be regarded as 
representing the typical form. Those from the other islands are 
referred to four different forms, three of which are described below 
as new. The specimens from southeastern Borneo average brighter 


108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


in color than do those from the western part of the island, in this 
respect resembling the form occurring on Pulo Laut. 
(For measurements and localities, see table, pp. 110 and 111.) 


EPIMYS SERUTUS. 


1906. Mus serutus Miter, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 59, July 23, 1906. 
Twelve specimens collected on Pulo Serutu, Karimata Islands. 


EPIMYS CARIMATZ Miller. 


1906. Mus carimate Muer, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 59, July 23, 1906. 
Type-locality, Karimata Island. 

Six rats of the Epimys rajah-surifer group collected on Pulo 
Pelapis do not show any material differences from Hpimys carimate. 
There are more specimens inclined to be dark in ‘the Pelapis series 
than in the Karimata series, but none of them are darker than the — 
darkest of those from Karimata. Eleven specimens were collected 
on Karimata in 1904. 

(for measurements, see table, p. 110.) 


EPIMYS PERFLAVUS, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 151918, collected 
on Pulo Laut, off southeast coast of Borneo, December 25, 1907, by 
Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5684. 

Diagnostic characters.—A member of the Epimys rajah-surifer group 
with the upper parts and sides strongly colored with bright ochraceous 
buff. 

Color.—Type: Upper parts and sides of head, neck, and body and 
outer sides of legs bright ochraceous buff, sparingly mixed with light 
brownish along the middle of the back; under parts whitish to cream 
color, this color extending part way down the inner side of the legs; 
an indication of an ochraceous buff collar on throat (present in five of 
the paratypes and absent in three); feet whitish; upper surface of 
tail dark, under surface whitish; ears dark brownish, scantily clothed 
with dark hairs. 

Skull and teeth.—These show no tangible differences from the skulls 
and teeth of Epimys razah. ; 

Measurements.—See table, pages 110 and 111. 

Specimens examined.—Eleven skins with skulls and two skulls with- 
out skins, all from Pulo Laut. 

Remarks.—Epimys anambz Miller: shows the nearest approach in 
coloration to £. perflavus, but the upper parts in the Anamba rats are 
considerably darkened by brownish, and the external measurements 
are not so large. Epymys anambe also appears to have a smaller skull, 
with a relatively shorter rostrum. The skulls of Malayan rats change 


1 Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, p. 205, August 20, 1900. 


no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 109 


so much in shape and size with increasing age and present so many 
apparent individual variations that not very much reliance can be 
placed upon them as determining species. 


EPIMYS SATURATUS, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 145523, collected 
on Pulo Panebangan, off west coast of Borneo, May 17, 1907, by 
Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5236. 

Diagnostic characters.—A medium sized member of the Epimys 
rajah-surifer group of rats, distinguished by its dark orange-buff and 
blackish coloration. 

Color.—Type: Upper parts of head, neck, and body a mixture of 
orange-buff, rather darker than Ridgway’s, and blackish, the latter 
color in excess along the back; sides of head, neck, and nearly all of 
legs nearly clear orange-buff, only sparingly mixed with blackish; 
‘under parts whitish to cream color, extending part way down inner 
side of legs; an orange-buff collar, 10 to 15 mm. wide, between throat 
and chest; feet whitish; ears blackish; tail dark above, cream color 
below. 

Skull and teeth.—The skull and teeth of Hpimys saturatus do not 
appear to differ from those of the related Epimys rajah and EL. 
carvmate. 

Measurements.—See table, page 111. 

Specimens examined.—Twenty-three, six skins with skulls and 
seventeen skulls with no skins, all from Pulo Panebangan. 

Remarks.—Epimys saturatus is one of the darkest and richest 
colored members of the EF. rajah group. Other species are as dark, 
such as the near-by Hpimys serutus from Pulo Serutu of the Karimata 
Islands, but the darker color is produced by an increase in the 
blackish elements, while in /. saturatus the lighter colors are deepened. 


EPIMYS UBECUS, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 151931, collected 
on Pulo Sebuku, off southeast coast of Borneo, January 3, 1908, by 
Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5727. 

Diagnostic characters—A member of the Epimys rajah group, 
generally resembling rajah, but distinctly smaller. 

Color—Type: Upper parts of head, neck, and body a mixture of 
dark brownish and ochraceous buff, the darker color more prominent 
in the middle area of the back; sides of head, neck, and body, and 
outer sides of legs, ochraceous buff, nearly clear but slightly mixed 
with brownish; under parts and inner sides of legs whitish to cream 
color, the light color not interrupted at the throat by a darker collar; 
feet whitish; tail dark above, whitish beneath and at the extremity. 


110 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL. 40. 


Skull and teeth.—These have the same general shape and propor- 
tions found in Epimys rajah, but are distinctly smaller throughout. 
Measuremenis.—See table, page 111. 
Specimens examined.—Three skins with skulls and one skull 
without skin, all from Pulo Sebuku. 


Measurements of rats of the Epimys rajah group. 


Name. 


Locality. 


Base of Mount 
Palung. 
Matan River.... 


River. 


islampang Bay - 
Pasir River. 
Balik open Bay 


enanieae Bay. 
Balik Papan 
Bay. 


Pulo Lamuko- 
tan. 


Cata- ans 
logue Sen Siete uw ear of 
No. 
145566 | Female .| Moderately worn 
45567) |eeOO =e peers (0 eerie 
145568 |...do.-..| Much worn...... 
153701 |...do- -...| Moderately worn 
153702| Males 2 -|52 022 don. se ftees 
153703 |...do-..-| Slightly worn. .. 
153704 | Female .| Moderately worn 
153705 |...do....| Slightly worn... 
153706 | Male....)..... (Ole Seer 
153707 |...do--.-.-.| Moderately worn 
151932 | Female . 0 OP ee 
154310 | Male..-..|....-. doseetees cet 
1543115) Memaloe tees seseree a eee 
154312 | Male. Moderately worn 
GZ BARING ACs a scleeane Copecemteaas 
1543145 Pee doearcs|aeeee donee ses. 
1543159 Kemalere|t ase do 2 
154316 | Male....)..... GOSS Reteese 
154317 |...do- Slightly worn 
NGS TS Beep eeerae [5 sero aasouaeeonone 
15435100 | beatae Much worn 
154320 | Female .|..._. Goat asses 
145498 | Male....| Unworn.....-..- 
145501 |...do. Much worn..... 
145502 |...do..-.-.| Moderately worn 
145503 | Female .|_.... Gor seen 
145504 |...do- ae OSE eee 
145505 |...do.-.-.| Much worn. .-... 
145506 | Male. Moderately worn 
153685" |e ed Once |e oC Oneness 
153686 |...do.. Slightly worn. 
153687 | Female . Moderately worn 
153688) | Peer eeecer Slightly worn. 
153689 | Male.. SEG OS Sse Seka 
153690 | Female .| Much worn. .... 
153691 |...do. Shently worn. 
153692 |...do... ECloeoaecace- 
153693 |...do- ores On 
153694 | Male....|..... Gon eee! sen 
153695 | Female .| Moderately worn 
15369612 eGOr me enlaces dose eee 
153697 |...do. Slightly worn... 
153698 |...do- Much worn....- 
153699 | Male....|..... (Oe teeeace 
153700 | Female obehily worn. 
153708; || Males s3| a 3done es cee 
145465 | Female MaGn: WOrn.....- 
145466 | Male....|..._. Gone eae ee 
145467 EGOe ee [eee GOnssesceeee 
145468 | -Female .|.................. 
145469 |...do....| Moderately worn 
145470 | Male. Much worn. .... 
151918 |...do. Moderately worn 
151919 | Female .|..... Co Ko aye es ee 
T5920) |G Oy aren eee Coe ee ee 
151921 | Male... .)- 1... do. 
UGE RPA alos See done ake ae 
1519235 Bae d Ones |e dostceee eee 
U5 19249) 5c 3 ses arenes doses 3 
151925 | Male....!..... Gola eeeeee 


Head and body. 


Hind foot. 


Condylo-basal length of 
skull 


3 
ale 
3 [8s 
3 
ilies 
3 i168 
5 |e 
eis 
N |4 
mm. | mm. 
19.6 | 6.9 
19.7| 6.8 
18.8 | 6.5 
18.1] 6.7 
18.4] 6.5 
18.4] 6.3 
18.8| 6.2 
NS. 6.4 
17. Soe 
18.7| 6.5 
18.4| 6.4 
19.5] 6.4 


wk 


CoO ee 


LOG ie: 
20.6} 6.7 
15.3 | 6.0 
21.2] 6.8 
19.8 | 6.6 
19.0} 6.5 
Tee) = Ged 
bass 6.8 
19.4] 6.8 
17.5] 6.3 
19.0} 6.6 
L725) |, 16. 4 
igBrehl| Moses 
Sues 6.4 
17.5] 6.3 
17.6} 6.2 
17.3 | 6.6 
18.0 | 6.7 
18.5 | 6.4 
17.5 | 6.6 
Don) 676 
19.8] 6.9 
6.4 

17.6) 6.7 
Ba oP 
20.9] 6.7 
6.7 

phono 6.8 


19.8] 6.6 

20.1) 7.2 

19.8} 6.6 

18.4] 6.4 

Sane 6.8 
20.0] 6.7 

20.1} 6.8 

19.7} 6.8 

6.9 

NORTE NN GKE! 


No. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICTNEPY——LY ON, et 


Measurements of rats of the Epimys rajah group—Continued. 


” iS 
Site het ah 
Seles State of wear of | aa | = 3s 
Name. Locality. logue Sex. te WARE TSION | S3 | - |8s 
eeth. = 3 Ad 5 = 
No. 3 a3 (or te SP as 
3 f\2 | 4 lg 
silalelg & | 
4 S ja} ° P| 
Rigg | lo N |a 
| = | _ 

E. perflavus...| Pulo Laut...... 151926 | Female .| Moderately worn| 188 | 169 | 39 |__.._. | 18.9 | 6.4 
Days Beer tl en GOs sa setes* WOIG27 Pe cine = |i oa LOB ake ess 198 | 168 | 40 | 42.2 | 20.1 6.7 
Worteess. 2 \eeees GOz. Jose se 151928 | Female .|..... Ol). ie 183 | 177 | 38 | 39.9] 19.5] 6.6 

EE LOECUS..— << Pulo'Sebuku....| 151929) |..-do_-.-|...-- Cin eae nee 1 PAN ee 36 | 34.8 | 17.4] 5.9 
Oe e215 F | eke x done se 151930 |...do....| Slightly worn...} 158 | 125 | 39 | 35.0 | 17.0] 5.9 
IDO se gece [aces GOmssai Se 151931 | Male..:.} Moderately worn| 177 | 140 | 37 | 37.5 | 18.1] 5.8 
1D eee | eae dona sane 151933)| 2-202. | (Umiwormiz > 5-2: 136) 115 | 33) 31.3 | 16.0] 5.7 

FE. saturatus....| Pulo Panebangan) 145521 |.......... Moderately worn| 206 | 171 | 41 | 41.0 | 20.4] 6.7 
Doren be sale pst: osetia sss + 145622 | Male....|..... (Wortanasneee 209 | 171 | 41 | 41.3 | 20.2] 6.6 
IDO abeeses aaa dott een ee 1455234 | Ss5C Oe ser|ssns GCORes teateee 197 | 186 | 41 | 41.1 | 20.6] 6.3 
IO) Sse eoree sess Gowen sceee 145524 ||) Sadows S2|feeee Cowes. fae 200 | 163 | 41 | 39.9 | 20.0] 6.6 
1DYoys ce seal eee (closeness eta 145525 | Female .| Much worn. .... 198 } 178 | 39 | 40.4 | 20.5] 6.5 
DON Saale sce GOS esse a 145526 | Male....| Moderately worn| 190 | 165 | 41 | 39.2 19.8] 6.4 
IDO Seen Pees Gost eens 145527 | Female .|..... dose 187 | 142 | 41 | 40.0) 19.0] 6.4 
Doree esas 5-Ltee. CO yee ee! 145528 | Male....|..... Gozifeeeee ie 204 | 181 | 41 | 41.1 | 20.3] 6.2 
1D ae Nae (eae PRC O Me a ae ek ee 145520 ee dOe ealns nee GOs, sei see 194 | 157 | 41 | 39.7! 20.4 625) 
DOS gee Ny geo do. -.......-| 145530 | Female .|...-.. dos eee ses 200 | 154 | 40 | 39.6] 18.8] 6.5 
VD Yala | aes dons sesso 145531 |...do....| Much worn. .... 195) S165) oO NAOE Sie seeks 6.6 
DOR eee aoa doseeakee se 1455325 eee Oneal eenee GO So heose 200 | 168 | 39 | 41.6] 21.0 6.5 
1D) Skee ees Goze soe ae 145533) Sout sce Moderately worn | 198 | 157 | 39 | 40.5 | 20.0] 6.3 
TD OSes | eA Osea eee 145534 | Female .|...-.. Goes saeele 194 | 156} 40 | 39.3] 19.8 6.7 
1D io). oe Soe waliaerce GOA ase eee 145535 |...do....| Much worn. .... 200 | 155 | 40 | 40.8} 19.5] 6.8 
DORE TS ees doses ee 145536 | Male....| Moderately worn} 206 | 174 | 41 | 40.3] 20.31 6.6 
IDO soe saenese Paes (0 LO ee ee TESS (id ane 8 Michiwonnla sce. |epeeeleenee hese (ie: 28 7a rata 6.2 
1D (0) 2 setiee ersetoe Goyae ee Sas 145538 | Male....| Moderately worn} 189 | 181 | 40 | 40.7] 19.3] 6.5 
1D) eee ey ee |e ate GQOmee eanres UES TO ea eer | eee Goes acs: 20M LL SOR a ON 2a ee 6.5 
DOS en ele eae Goze os: fe2e8 145540 | Female .|..... Gon ese ge 188 | 162 | 39 | 39.9] 19.6] 6.7 
1D Yaps See | eee Goer eee: 1455413 ||. G0 alia. 2 GOnesewe ee 10 iol ea as Fe 4° 1 ee 6.7 
1D Yoyste here eel eee Coys. ey 145542))|\-2 do. - 2352222 (Oka ene eee 187 | 142 | 40 | 39.2] 19.0] 6.6 
DOSS We ee (O\OE eset Va 54S nee On acetates Goes Aaa sees ese Ne Boo e| S9eo: | LOLS Gaz 


EPIMYS KINA (Bonhote.) 


1903. Mus kina Bonnote, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 11, p. 124, January, 
1903. 


Four adult specimens of Hpimys kina were collected at Balik-Papan 
Bay, and one very young one along the Kendawangan River. They 
differ very slightly, if at all, from typical . cremoriventer Miller. 

(For measurements see table, p. 113.) 


EPIMYS SPATULATUS, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 145499, collected on 
Pulo Lamukotan, off west coast of Borneo, May 10, 1907, by De. W. L. 
Abbott. Orignial number, 5214. 

Diagnostic characters.—A member of the Epimys cremoriventer 
group” distinguished by its large size and the widened extremity 
of the nasals. 

Color.—Type: Upper parts of head, neck, and body, a grizzly mix- 
ture of ochraceous buff and dark brownish, the two colors in about 
equal proportions; sides of head, neck, and body, and outer sides of 


1 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 13, p. 144, April 21, 1900. 
2See Bonhote. Fasc. Malay., Zool., vol. 1, pp. 34, 36, October, 1903. 


1 Eh PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


legs similar, but the ochraceous buff, lighter and duller and with 
very little pounce of other color, except the grayish bases of hairs 
showing through; entire under parts, including inner sides of legs, 
creamy white, feet dirty whitish, ears brownish with a few inconspicu- 
ous short hairs; tail light brownish above, but gradually lightening 
to dirty whitish for a narrow area beneath. 

Pelage.—Pelage of three types of hairs: (1) soft, rather wavy normal 
hair, grayish at base, with a conspicuous subapical ochraceous ring 
and an inconspicuous dark brownish apex, these hairs often partak- 
ing of the nature of underfur, and with very little of the ochraceous 
coloring; (2) numerous flattened grooved spines, straw yellowish 
basally and centrally, dark brownish apically and marginally; (8) 
rather long slender bristles, generally blackish in color throughout, 
present only along middle line of back. On the light under parts the 
short hairs and spines are uniformly creamy white throughout. 
Middle portion of tail with eleven scales to the centimeter, each 
subtended by three brownish hairs, equaling a scale and a half in 
length. Whiskers very long, 65 mm., reaching as far back as 
shoulders. 

Skull and teeth.—The skull of Epimys spatulatus has the same 
general shape as the skulls of other species of the cremoriwenter group, 
but it is distinctly larger, the brain case absolutely and relatively 
longer, the rostrum larger and heavier, and the nasals relatively 
wider at the extremity. The teeth are relatively smaller than they 
are in other species. 

Measurements.—"xternal measurements of the type taken by col- 
lector: Head and body, 158 mm.; tail, 197; hind foot with claws, 31. 
Cranial measurements of the cae Gondeiot basal length, 34.3; 
zygomatic breadth, 16.4; width of brain case above roots of zygo- 
mata, 15.6; interorbital constriction, 5.7; length of nasals, 13.7; 
width of nasals at extremity, 4.8; maxillary tooth row, alveoli, 6.2. 

Specimens examined.—One, the type. 

Remarks.—Epimys spatulatus differs from Epimys kina Bonhote 1 
mainly in its larger size. 


1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 11, p. 124, January, 1903. 


no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 3 


Measurements of cream-bellied rats. 


4 = 
. ay z 
a g|4/s 
Cata- Aes = oa |SA 
F 3 State of wear of | 3 a rte RO 
Name. Locality. logue Sex. PeetEe = e E P os 
: Lo} + = Set ad 
q Bl Bal ae le 
Cs) Sh ical) ce Shea = 
Etat lets a cp | 
o : = E 3 
gale | So te tS 
mm.| mm.|}mm.| mm. | mm. | mm. 
NUN @ ne.< 2.5 2 = Balik Papan | 154302 | Female... Moderately | 124 | 178 | 28 |] 29.8] 15.0] 6.2 
Bay. worn. 
DOR e ee asain GOs ace cet 154303 | Male....|..... MO a canicbecs TSO) 4 M29NI ee oe. 16.0 | 6.1 
IDO) 5) Goa seceleaaee Cees Cama se Gy: E10 el eee see eee dossstiecese 135 | 185 |....| 30.0 | 15.6 | 6.1 
DOeestasee< | 5-255 GOttesen en. 154305 | Female..| Much worn......| 140 |..... 29 | 32.0] 15.9] 6.4 
£. spatulatus...| Pulo Lamuko- |?145499 | Male....| Moderately | 158 | 197 |] 31 | 34.3] 16.4] 6.2 
tan. worn. 


TRICHYS LIPURA Giinther. 
1876. Trichys ipura GintuER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1876, p. 739, fig. 2, p. 
740; fig. 2a; p. 741, pl. 71. Type-locality, Borneo, opposite island of Labuan. 

(See also p. 424 of foregoing reference. ) 

Two specimens of this species of brush-tailed porcupine were taken 
by Doctor Abbott, one in southwestern, one in southeastern Borneo. 
Measurements.—Cat. No. 145571, adult male, Sungei Matan, and 
Cat. No. 151880, adult female, Saratok River, respectively, head and 
body, 420, 445 mm.; tail vertebrae, 200, 190; hind foot, 65, 64; greatest 
length of skull, 85.6, 79.8; zygomatic width, 45.8, 44.3; greatest 
length of nasals, 23.8, 23.7; maxillary toothrow (alveoli). 14.8, 14.5. 


ACANTHION LONGICAUDUM (Marsden). 


1810. Hystrix longicauda MarspEN, History of Sumatra, ed. 3, 1811, p. 118, name 
only, without description, and pl. 13 n. 1., with legend, “The Landak, 
Hystrix longicauda. Published by W. Marsden, 1810.’ Type-locality, 
Sumatra. 


1907. Acanthion crassispinis Lyon (not Giinther), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 
p. 581, June 29, 1907. 


Three specimens of porcupine from southwestern Borneo may be 
referred to Acanthion longicaudum. It is not probable that the Bor- 
nean Acanthion is the same as the Sumatran one, but there is no 
satisfactory material from Sumatra in the U.S. National Museum to 
permit of comparisons, and no name so far as I know has been pro- 
posed for a Bornean Acanthion. In 1907 I applied Ginther’s name 
crassispynis * to the Bornean Acanthion. Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., 
has subsequently examined the type of that species in comparison 
with specimens of my Thecurus sumatrx * and reports that the two 
are congeneric, but distinct species. 


1 Collector’s measurements. 3 Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1876, p. 736. 
2 Type. 4 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, p. 581, June 29, 1907. 


80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——8 


114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


The specimens collected by Doctor Abbott are as follows: (a) Cat. 
No. 153974, from the Kendawangan River, skull of a very young 
male, having but two cheek-teeth in each half of the jaw. This 
specimen has four upper incisors, a pair of slender rounded incisors 
lying in front of and resting on the anterior face of the usual incisors. 
They are scarcely large enough to be functional and remind one of 
the hinder pair of incisors found in the Lagomorphs. (6) Cat. No. 
145572, from the Semandang River, skull, without skin. The per- 
manent molars are in place, but the milk molars have not yet been 
shed. (ce) Cat. No. 153737, skin and skull of an adult male from the 
Kendawangan River. Its principal measurements are: Head and 
body, from dried skin, 630 mm.; tail, from dried skin, 80; hind foot, 
from dried skin, 85; weight, 22 pounds (10 kgs.); greatest length of 
skull, 133; zygomatic width, 64; greatest length of nasals, 62. 


Poreupines seemed the usual inhabitants of caves [southeast Borneo], but except 
the one Trichys none were caught.—W. L. A. 


AILURIN PLANICEPS (Vigors and Horsfield). 


1828. Felis planiceps Vicors and Horsrretp, Zool. Journ., vol. 3, p. 450, pl. 12. 
Type-locality, Sumatra. 

1855. [Felis] (Ailurin) [planiceps], Gervais, Hist. Nat. Mamm., vol. 2, p. 87. 
Five specimens of this cat were secured in southwestern Borneo. 
For exact localities and measurements see table below. I have 
carefully compared this series with an adult female from the Siak 
River, Sumatra, and can find no characters by means of which the 
Bornean specimens may be distinguished from the one from Sumatra. 


External and cranial measurements of Ailurin planiceps. 


——— 


S & | esis 
= Sl a SSeS 
_ 8 rs] ca & ° ° 
ie oe ke Qa | eed ee 
Cata- oO cI = 2 a eS Be 
Locality. logue | Sexandage. | & Boi Q a 2 HO |S 
No. S Aliceilieue Ss 2 eB os > 
SS. se ~ = a or ~ Pato) Bb - 
q im =) : : ° 3 S oo | 
CS elie =n ete | eas | eres || 
3 Polig oo | ‘to | 5 2 {/Se2ls 
Sie )2)812 (8 | Sy ieee 
Pee Ee |) Ee | Sl ee ee 
‘ : ? mm.| mm.| mm.) lbs. \|kilos.| mm.) mm.}| mm. } mm. | mm. 
ae Siak River, | 144119 | Female, adult.| 490 | 169 | 104 |..... so .| 92.0) | 56545) 2OVSN STs oilwoane 
Sumatra. 
Ss om pang River, | 145591 |.._-. dows 2 464 | 148] 99 41) 1.9 | 89.5 | 56.5 | 21.7 | 37.0 | 31.0 
orneo. 
DOME Rote ceesee 145593 |..... Gove a saee 455 | 130] 99 33| 1.7 | 85.7 | 56.2 | 20.0 | 37.0 | 29.4 
IDO pS toeee eceeaaee 145594 |..... Ol aeebeada besos 150 | 100 34| 1.5 | B9.7 | 56.3 | 20.5 | 36.7 | 32.0 
be 1D OS Senererse -----| 145592 | Male, adult....| 505 | 135 | 107 43) 2.2 | 97.0 | 68.5 | 21.2 | 39.0 | 34.0 
Kerdayangan River,| 153849 | Male(?),adult.| 446 | 149 | 102 4] 1.8] 90.0] 57.0] 21.2 |] 37.5 } 33.0 
orneo. 


1 Collector’s measurements. 


no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 115 


FELIS BENGALENSIS, of authors. 


1907. Felis bengalensis, Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 559, December 24, 
1907. 

Two skins with skulls from the Kendawangan River, an adult 
female and a young female. They are brighter in color and appar- 
-ently smaller in size than is the tiger cat from Sumatra. The young 
tiger cat from the Landak River recorded by me in 1907 is also 
brightly colored. An immature cat from Pahang, Malay Peninsula, 
of about the same age as the last is of the same dull color as that 
from Sumatra. 

Measurements of the adult female, Cat. No. 153845: Head and 
body, 495 mm.; tail, 195; hind foot, 110; weight, 4 pounds (1.8 kilos) ; 

ereatest length of skull, 84.7; condylo-basal length, 77.3; zygomatic 

breadth, 57.7; width of brain case above zygomata, 40.4; interorbital 

constriction, 14.6; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 26.0. . 
Stomach filled with rats.—W. L. A. 


ARCTICTIS BINTURONG (Raffles). 


1822. Viverra? binturong Rarrues, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 253. 
Type-locality, Sumatra. 

Skin and skull of an immature female, Cat. No. 153840, from the 
Kendawangan River. The last permanent molars above are just 
level with alveoli. The skin is generally black, coarsely grizzled 
with buffy. 

Measurements—Head and body 700 mm.; tail, 688; hind foot, 
121; weight, 13 pounds (5.9 kilos) ; condylo-basal length of skull, 123; 
zygomatic breadth, 64.3; width of brain case above roots of zygomata, 
44,2; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 40.3. 


VIVERRA TANGALUNGA (Gray). 


1832. Viverra tangalunga GRaAy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1832, p. 63. 
1906. Viverra tangalunga, Murer, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 61, July 23, 
1906, Karimata Island. 

Eighteen specimens of Viverra tangalunga were collected by Doctor 
Abbott on Borneo, and one each on Pulos Panebangan, Bauwal, and 
Laut, and three on Karimata Island. 

(For measurements and exact localities in Borneo see table, p. 116.) 


= 


116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Measurements of Viverra tangalunga. 


' 

: 3 

a — 

Bee |: 

G) a ran 

: 2 ue |e 
Cata- ra = AS) BS 
Locality. logue Sex and age. 3 - Q B Is 3 
No. LS ce |e 2 ET || sats 

eo} an ie) oD aol & ta 

3 = q Os] qd 5p w 

o 3 = ne So BS cs} 

Hila |/asle 1S) N |a 
mm.| mm.| mm.|kilos.) mm. | mm. | mm. 
Bempene River 145338 | Male, adult.......-.-- 675 | 350 | 107 | 3.7 | 117.6 |} 58.0 | 46.8 
Sam ace ee ae ..| 145339 | Female, adult........-| 685 | 325 | 104] 4.0 | 114.3 | 54.8 | 43.1 
MORES of Gunong .-| 145340 | Female, young adult. .| 663 | 330 | 103 }|..... 113.7 | 54.3 | 44.0 
Kumbang River .-| 145341 | Female, very young...) 515 | 240 | 94/1.8{ 98.9} 44.6 ]__... 
Kendawangan River. ..| 153842 | Male, adult........--. 635 | 300 | 104 | 3.0 | 111.0 | 58.3 | 44.2 
DOR sees .-| 153843 | Female, adult......... 630 | 315 | 103 | 3.2 | 108.7 | 57.5 | 42.9 
MO eaees ee eee b3844 Malev oldseeoe centre ee 620 }313] LOS "SQ leas oie eee 
Kiumpane Bay. ecsccsssescee 151868 | Female, young adult. .| 606 | 310 | 100 | 3.2} 107.5 | 53.1] 41.5 
DO ses cece teas aed 151869 | Male, young adult.....] 600 | 335 | 103 | 2.7 | 110.2 | 54.5] 42.8 
1D oa ee Set 151870 | Female, young adult..} 615 | 300 | 100 | 2.5] 109.4 | 54.0 | 42.6 
IDO Soot soac ce c-cke acest aes 151871 | Male, adult........... 665 | 275 | 101} 4.0] 114.9 | 60.6) 44.6 
DStALOKARIVED..aeece aes ce eerie 151872 | Female, adult......... 640 | 300 } 103 | 3.6 | 110.6 | 56.3 | 43.5 
DOL Mee aceecesa nee cinense eee {518737 |p Male, Oldtasseeaseeeaee 662 | 315} 109 | 4.0] 115.5 | 61.4 | 45.3 
Balik Papan Bay---2-.-.ce---- 154354 | Male, adult..........- 620 | 815 | 95] 3.2] 113.0 | 58.4 | 46.2 
WO else cccewcindceeeceestere 1543553 Maleseoncnstaccecetccte 640 | 300} 98 | 3.4] 114.7 | 58.0 | 45.6 
DO maces cease cee ce Soseaeee 154356) |o2 cee AO armeincceeins se see 600'310)1) 98) | 258i eee ees eeeee| Sane 
ID OS someeceimasictaetessaees 154357 | Male, uit Sanasauses. 605 | 315 | 100 | 3.2 | 110.0 | 57.3 | 43.4 
DO seyaneeesc sos oncienesce ae T543858R| sae dOnt oan sete oee 643 | 320 | 106 | 3.6 | 113.9 | 59.6 | 44.7 
Pulo Panebangan.........-... 145337 | Female, 0) (s Rea aese 650 | 310 | 105 | 4.7 | 111.4 | 59.0 | 41.7 
Pulojauteeeoe ae ceccencene 151867 Female, adulteesoeeece 610 | 310 } 103 | 2.8} 111.8 | 53.5 | 43.6 
Bulo;Bauwale.-cccactenss< cose Web S84ile | eee GO Seeecese ee eeeee 635 | 305 | 100 | 4.0 | 112.3 | 55.0 | 43.9 
1Collector’s measurements. 2Collector’s measurements in pounds and quarters computed to kilograms. 


PARADOXURUS PHILIPPINENSIS (Jourdan). 


1837. Paradoxurus philippinensis JouRDAN, Comptes Rendus, vol. 5, p. 523, 
1837. Type-locality, Philippine Islands, Luzon and Mindanao. 

1885. Paradoxurus philippinensis, BLANFORD, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1885, 
p. 800. 


1907. Paradoxurus philippinensis, Lyon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 559, 
December 24, 1907. Kapuas River region. 


Dr. W. L. Abbott has collected three additional specimens of 
Paradoxurus on Borneo since his first expedition in 1905, two. from 
the Sempang River and one from Klumpang Bay. I have followed 
Blanford in calling them P. philippinensis. Jourdan’s account is 
very meager and there are no really good specimens from the Philip- 
pines in the National Museum. Two skins collected by Dr. E. A. 
Mearns in the Philippine Islands, one of them young and the other 
without a skull, show no striking differences from the Bornean speci- 
mens. 

(For measurements see table, p. 117.) 


ARCTOGALIDIA STIGMATICA (Temminck). 


1835. Paradoxurus stigmaticus TeMMINCcK, Esquisses Zool. Cote de Guiné, Ist part, 
Mamm., p. 120. Type-locality, Been (or Dusan) River, southern Borneo. 

1907. Arctogalidia stigmatica, Lyon, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 559, De- 
cember 24, 1907. Landak River, Borneo. 


Two specimens from Klumpang Bay, southeastern Borneo. None 
were secured in the regions of the Kendawangan or Sempang rivers. 
Measurements.—See table, page 117. 


no.1809. MAINMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—-LYON. als ay 


Measurements of viverids. 


: 3 
4 ge | 4/2 
Cata- ay Epui| 2) PSeR 
Name. Locality. logue Sex and age. = é: a E |S 
No. 3 + a 3 AS) Ts 
q = : } =] w 
a oS Paichedl <bean Stee Sap ales 
ko} me oO Et) ro 6 | 
ia Rea (UES ee =i (ian 
Hy el/e is 1s) nN |S 
mm.| mm.) mm.\kilos.| mm. | mm. | mm. 
Arctogalidia stig-| Klumpang Bay...-| 151874 | Male, adult...._. 555 | 600 | 94 | 2.7 |108.7 | 63.5 | 38.0 
matica. “ | 
1D Ye) SRE ee ene GOS secs 151875 | Female, adult....| 437 | 495 | 80] 1.4] 94.0] 51.0 | 33.9 
Paradorurus}| Sempang River....| 145342 |..... dOsissaceeces 515 | 420 | 86] 2.3 | 92.6 | 54.5 | 32.4 
philip pinen- 
Sis. 
IDO ASe5a- 08 aes GOzeeecsetaciaee 145343 | Male, adult.....:.| 516 | 400 | 80] 2.3 | 99.2 | 60.3 | 35.8 
IDWS ehceeee Klumpang Bay....| 151876 | Male, young......| 420 | 370 | 73 ]...-- 84.0 | 48.0 |... 
Hemigalus hard-| Balik Papan Bay...) 154353 | Male, adult, | 474} 310] 77] 1.5 | 93.3 | 44.0] 36.5 
wickii. nearly.3 . 
Herpestes brach-| Kendawangan | 153850 | Female, old...._. 395 | 218} 85] 1.3] 81.2 | 51.0] 31.2 
yurus. River. 
ID) OMe ee | ee ae Gotessee ta 153851 }|..... GOs eete 445 | 250} 90] 1.4 | 88.8} 51.0 | 32.5 
DORA ose Balik Papan Bay-..| 154351 | Male, adult.....-. 422 | 245 | 87] 1.0] 88.2 | 51.5 | 33.5 
DOE eee erlsesn Che See eee 154352 | Male, old......... 445 | 230} 90] 1.5 | 88.6 | 53.9 | 33.5 


HEMIGALUS HARDWICKII (Gray). 
1830. Viverra hardwickit Gray, Spic. Zool., vol. 2, p. 9. 

One specimen; an adult male, from Balik Papan Bay. It is uni- 
form in size and color with specimens from northern Borneo, as well 
as from Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula. 

(Kor measurements see table above.) 


HERPESTES SEMITORQUATUS (Gray). 


1846. Herpestes semitorquatus Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 18, 1846, p. 211. 
1907. Herpestes semitorquatus, Lyon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 559, 
December 24, 1907. 

Skin and skull of a young male from Sanggau, Kapuas River; 
probably represents this species, but it is too young to determine 
positively. 

HERPESTES BRACHYURUS (Gray). 


1837. Herpestes brachyurus Gray, Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, p.578. Type-locality, 
Indian Islands. 
Four specimens—two from the Kendawangan River and two from 
Balik Papan Bay. 
(For measurements see table above.) 


CYNOGALE BARBATUS (Miiller.) 


1838-39. Potamophilus barbatus Mtuuer, Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol., vol. 

5, p. 142. , 
Six specimens of this interesting animal were secured by Doctor 
Abbott. Modern authors have uniformly referred the Bornean 
Cynogale to the species described by Gray* under the name bennettii, 


1 Collector’s measurements. 

2Collector’s measurements in pounds and quarters computed to kilograms. 
3m3 halfway up. 

4Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, 1837, p. 579. 


118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


from Sumatra. <A careful comparison of a fine old skull of a female 
from Aru Bay, Sumatra, with the present series from Borneo con- 
vinees me that the Bornean and Sumatran forms represent distinct 
species. The skull of Cynogale barbatus is slightly larger than that 
of C. bennettii, has more spreading zygomata, a more inflated brain- 
case and a less conspicuous post orbital constriction, the teeth are 
larger and heavier, the most noticeable difference being in the last 
upper molars. Miiller’s figure! of the skull shows that his specimen 
was of the same type as the present series of Bornean skulls. (For a 
comparison of measurements of the two forms, see table below.) 


Externally the two forms are essentially alike. 


The two Sumatran 


specimens, however, are rather lighter in color on the under parts 
than are the Bornean skins. 


Three embryos the size of walnuts.—W. L. A. 
Uterus contained two embryos nearly mature.—W. L. A. 


Measurements of Cynogale bennett and C. barbatus. 


| og 1 a) 
a Ns =) es) 
zi : 3 ial fey 
| | g < re Slip 
| | 3 =f 4 3 So q 5 
| pe eee es rS) oO a g = Ss} g 
| Bb “A ra] ro oO Qa Ss » SSeS 
Locality S Sexandage. | © | 8 | = 3 E |e sol) Slesehes 
ae 7 pe? ge. 5 iS E ee 3 olin us) £3 ~ 8 
2 uo) 2 $2 th oa 2 re 6 E a be 
Ep Ba oi eS) eesti esantl a aS s |a€o/90 |5 |8 
3 ele dese estilo b gE lsol Ss a 
= Ke] oO oa ob ue) io) a> aod » a 
a) Ss TS Sg oOo | Oo q op oO 8 a a 
3 AS) Os] ra S e) Bb ie) [o) 
1S) aa al aa = - 1S) N Q's =| | Ay =| 
mm.| mm.| mm.| lbs. |kilos.| mm. | mm.| mm. | mm. | mm. | mm. 
Aru Bay, Su- | 143621 | Female, old...| 617 | 180 | 106 | 732} 3.5 | 121.0 | 61.0 | 35.8 | 43.0 | 10.2 | 48.7 
matra. 
Siak River, Su- | 144122 | Male, young? .| 520 | 185 } 103 | 43) 2.2 | 110.0 | 53.3 | 36.5 | 41.5 | 15.0 | 47.0 
matra. 
Kendawangan | 153848 |... .. Oeaeaee 440 | 150 | 90] 24/1.0]| 92.0 ) 46.0 |-36.0 | 37.7 | 17.8 |..-.. 
River, Bor- 
neo. 
Sempang Riv- | 145587 | Female, young | 650 | 140 | 111 | 10 | 4.5 | 122.4 | 61.2 | 37.3 | 46.5 | 13.2 | 49.3 
er, Borneo. adult. 
Dorke ee 145588 | Female, adult | 648 | 200 | 110 | 12 | 5.4 | 123.5 | 66.0 | 38.8 | 45.5 | 14.2 | 50.3 
Dore asses TARSSON eases dOea2esees 600 | 205 | 105 | 124} 5.6 | 120.0 | 66.0 | 40.7 | 48.0 | 14.8 | 47.0 
Deb aes 145590!) PAC UNta: oe 8 3 | eee seco seer eee eae 19353) (640 | tS Ourdaleceet 13.4 | 49.8 
Kendawangan | 153847 | Female, young} 595 | 120 | 102 | 7 | 3.2 | 114.0 | 60.0 | 37.5 | 45.0 | 13.0 | 47.5 
River, Bor- adult. 
neo. 
LUTRA LOVII Giinther. 


1876. Lutra lovii GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. 


Borneo, opposite island of Labuan. 
1907. Lutra lovii, Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 560, December 24, 1907. 


Soc. London, p. 736. Type-locality, 


Two specimens from the Kapuas River region collected in 1905. 


1Verh. Nat. Gesch. Neder]. Bezitt., pl. 17, 1839-1844. 
2 Measurements by collector. 
8 Last upper molars just appearing through alveolus. 
4 Last milk molars and canines still in place. 


no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY 


LYON. 119 


AONYX CINEREA (Illiger). 


1815. Dutra cinerea Inticer, Abh. Akad. Berlin, 1811, 1815, p.99. Type-locality, 
near Batavia, Java. 

A specimen of the clawless otter, a young adult female, Cat. No. 
151879, was taken on Pulo Laut. The teeth are moderately large, 
about the size found in a specimen from the Kinabatangan River, 
northern Borneo.!| The shape of the ascending ramus of the mandible 
closely resembles that of a specimen from Pulo Setoko, Rhio-Linga 
Archipelago.t. The skull is smaller than skulls of other clawless 
otters in the collection, but it-is not so old. 

Measurements —Head and body, 460 mm.; tail, 310; hind foot, 
95; weight, 54 pounds, equals 2.5 kilos; basal length of skull, 79.3; 
zygomatic width, 58.9; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 29.6. 

PUTORIUS NUDIPES Desmarest. 
1822. Mustela nudipes DesmMAREST, Mammalogie, p. 537, 1822. Type-locality, 
Java. 
1842. Putorius nudipes, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat! Mamm., Table method., p. 3, 1842. 

One specimen was secured at Tjantung, southeastern Borneo. 
The general color of body, above and below, is tawny ochraceous. A 
narrow streak from occiput, over nape to between shoulders, and 
sides of neck, including front of shoulders, are a lighter and brighter 
tawny ochraceous; head, including ear, whitish or cream color; tail, 
between clay color and ochraceous, with the terminal third buffy. 

Measurements.—Head and body, 366 mm.; tail, 222; hind foot, 58. 


The single Putorius was shot as it was trying to enter a cave.—W. L. A. 


MUSTELA HENRICII Westerman. 


1848-1854. Mustela ( Martes) henriciti WESTERMAN, Bijdr. Dierk, vol. 1, p. 13, and 
unnumbered plate. Type-locality, Padang, Sumatra. (See Jentink, Mus. 
d’Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas, vol. 9, Cat. Osteol. Mamm. Leiden, 1887, p. 112.) 

1901. Mustela flavigula henricti, Bonnore, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, 
p. 346, April, 1901. 

Doctor Abbott collected two specimens of the yellow-throated 
marten in southwestern Borneo and one in southeastern Borneo. 
By a singular coincidence the three Bornean specimens are all females, 
and two from Sumatra are both males. There are no essential 
differences between the skins from the different islands. One of the 
Bornean specimens, however, Cat. No. 145579, from Gunong Palung, 
is generally darker than any of the others, and the anterior portions 
of the upper parts are practically as dark as are the posterior por- 
tions and tail. The other four are distinctly bicolor above. The 
skulls and teeth of the Sumatra martens, the males, are distinctly 


1 See Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, pl. 39, June 1, 1909. 


120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


ee a 


larger than those in the Bornean marten, the females. The differ- 
‘ence in size is about the same as that usually found between the 
two sexes in the Mustelide. 

(For measurements see table below.) 


Measurements of specimens of Mustela henricii. 


7 EB 

4 Scie 

to a bes 

= =I at a ° 
: = 3 | oO 2 
Cata- ih = hi ee 
Locality. logue Sex and age. 2 " 4 B pe Ss = 
Ie i si|. |? | 8 |S8)ee 
q 5 eas 3 3 Sees 

a C1 a S § ot 4S) 

so} oe oO bo se} iS 7 q 

S || SP Sl Bo Sel een ee 

lech yf feet pees) S Shirt a 
Sumatra: mm.|mm.|mm.|kilos.| mm. | mm. | mm.|mm. 
Maca am verona = mcusecs steer 144123 | Male, adult..... 445 1370) 99) | W402 ee eee 26.3 | 32.8 
SOM Pel asus ec eee sea ae 144124 |___.. GOnaFe Se 458 | 340 | 100 | 1.8 |} 87.3 | 52.4 | 28.2 | 33.3 

Borneo: 

Sand akans ves coaeense ce e2a70" |p memale sadullib: 2/2. =e. so] Sacer aaese eee 44.8 | 24.5 | 30.3 
Sungei Matan.............. 1455785222 GOseeere cee 435 |:340°| 93 | 1.1 | 80.8 14727 | 2402") 2902 
Gunons Paling esas. se s2e" TA5579 eee Oeste: 442 | 365 | 94 }....- 80.5 | 45.1 | 24.8 | 29.6 
RamulkaneBayss-eenseeeee GIRS eee oe Gost aeaeeee LOB et0sy |) 10) |esose 81.2 | 46.9 | 24.3 | 31.1 


1Collector’s measurements. : 
2 Collector’s measurements in pounds and quarters computed to kilograms. 


HELARCTOS EURYSPILUS Horsfield. 


1826. Helarctos euryspilus HorsrieEtp, Zool. Journ., vol. 2, pp. 221-234, pl. 7. 
1907. Helarctos euryspilus, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 561, Decem- 
ber 24, 1907. 

Since 1905 Doctor Abbott secured seven additional specimens of 
the Bornean sun bear, six skulls obtained from natives in south- 
western Borneo, and a skin and skull collected at Pamukang Bay. 
The present series of skulls shows that the differences between the 
Bornean and Sumatran sun bears are not as great as I was led to 
believe in 1907, but the differences pointed out then, hold in the 
main, as may be seen on reference to the table of measurements on 
page 121. There is no doubt as to the distinctness of the two forms. 
The Sumatran specimens have smaller collars and the light area of 
the nose is more conspicuous than in the single Bornean skin. 

Bears seem to be pretty common wherever there is a plantation of cocoanuts. Some 
of the trees are said to be dead or dying as a result of their depredations. The bears 
climb up and eat the ‘‘heart” out of the palm. In a small grove of about ninety 
trees, near Tanjong Pamukang, the bears had destroyed about half the trees. It 
was full moon during my stay there, so the owners said it was no use to watch for 


bears, as they only came out on dark nights. The Dutch authorities took away all 
the guns about a year ago, so now the animals have it all their own way.—W. L. A. 


no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. neal 


Measurements of Bornean and Sumatran sun bears. 


rset | Odea le en | eae | rcs See ie ee 
> (aele leuligelecige| =) je | ae 
q j2ei% (ssiM (ssid 1a ise | oe 
45 wae |S Re] OO La [Sy Ea | i = 
“EIA \BE |S |SE|SelSel Bee. | az 
wa @ oP Se Bae Se 4 wo pal oa ie 
Dimensions. HVA | shoes | Swloag| a ae ae 
STS | ee cty|osrno 818 & 38 © So| OM loots 59 - 
w] S/BS/Se Base Ba) 6s Sw | em 
é 2 oF a 5 | alr = air S col 8 S cM a 
zel24e|oe|sel|os|Salos| of |S 53] og 
Ba" 4g |4e AGIZTI A" ALE 28 
eles ts clea Ne a, ce fe eal 
OCP |OM Oy Woy oe oa Sebel |S) S 
TEAC STEN (TIES ONT OU As ee nt eer ee ee mim | 89) ooo US|" se eee 2068 | Reena 194} 215 203 
BASieumlemeGhiove sents cose a Sale cs cece MTN eLSON eee = iC eee Gaee 2025 aaa 190 | 210 199 
Condylo-basal length... ...2......2..-+-.-- evade 2)) 20 neee US loeers lie ae ee 220\|- 52-8 210 | 234 220 
TPADIIGH IF te yO aS ae ee ee mm..| 102 | 108 | 100} 93] 94/109 | 102] 110| 117 114 
Gmreatesienethyss 5s eee, Sethe mm. .| 222 | 220 | 216 | 205 |..... 243 | 222 | 235} 256 230 
ZV SOMALIC WIG «<r sncccecesiacceetasce TTI | wl AGt ee 2 164 | 165 | 164 | 182 | 173} 171] 208 183 
INASTOMM WH GIG eet acacia oh aaaiciseies oes mm..| 134 | 126 | 130 } 125 | 125 | 148 | 136 136 156 159 
Width of brain case above zygomata. .... mm..! 92] 101! 94] 96| 96] 96! 97 97! 104 103 
Width at postorbital processes. ......-..-.- mm..| 75 | 68) 74) 73 | 64) 74f 70 78 88 81 
Least interorbital width. ............--.. mm..| 60] 56] 58] 58] 55] 59] 60 64 69 62 
Least width of palate between last uppe 
AO ARS epee ape se eee ee So fan idigas alae aio me mm..| 36] 37] 38] 32] 38] 36] 40 38 41 37 
Posterior edge of last upper molar (alveolus) to 
jomlininhal. 2. ae eee eee mm..| 28; 29) 28| 23} 24) 27) 26 26 36 26 
Posterior edge of last upper molar (alveolus) to 
CUDLOMM LORY PONS ele a aisc oe ane 5 bougnge|| (OE. GON eee - 52] 70] 63 61 66 62 
Alveolar lengthor last three upper cheek teeth 
COMMING Me ce he oe ici pear siaiwee ee icaiee mm..| 45} 43} 40] 43] 44) 44) 45 45 44 46 
Antero-posterior diameter of upper canine at 
SIV COMMIS eeys ee nioe ae een Sed cratic aca oecie MM ses zor 22 | 20 eae 26) 23 on 25 23 
Headitan di body te 25-22 ecb acte cin Selec sist i) OY (eae iy Res, 3 (eR see] (betes are | Lear [eae Fe 1,260 |1,190 | 1,125 
BTL evap Seok aI Aye sae ok win ga WADI 520s see he [Oss | Be al ateco al Osean, metic 90 40 30 
SVWCISIE URS sia space cece dicts Secese POUNGS AE hsaleeece sees esaelleeatelenace Emons 124 | 138 105 
\W Woe ne. ee Ns Ce ae reed kilograms: Al Sasa aoe Ih oe elle laren I eee ee eee [sy 56 63 48 
ehtiatshouldersi®: sss oci2 se..c nt SUVATT NS | ee oP erie Ame ess iat tere east ae [ Spas eral tah syatotal ans este Meester 490 


1Collector’s measurements. 


TUPAIA SPECIOSA (Wagner). 
1840. Cl[adobates] speciosa WaGNER, Schreber’s Siugethiere, Supplbd. 2, 1840, 
. 43. 
1907, Tupaia speciosa, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 562, December 
24, 1907. 

Nine specimens of this tree-shrew have been taken by Doctor 
Abbott in Borneo, two in the Kapuas River region, three in south- 
western Borneo, and four in southeastern Borneo. (For exact 
localities, see table of measurements, p. 123.) The only adult specimen 
from the Kapuas region differs in its much larger size, cranially and 
externally, from Doctor Abbott’s other specimens as well as from 
specimens from northern Borneo. In color and form, however, it 
resembles the others in all essential respects. It is no older than 
some of the smaller individuals. Without more material it does not 
seem advisable to recognize it as a distinct form. 

(For measurements see table, p. 123.) 

TUPAIA DORSALIS Schlegel. 


1857. Tupaia dorsalis ScutecEL, Hand. beoef. Dierk., pt. 1, p. 59, pl. 3, fig. 31, 
1857. 

1907. Tupaia dorsalis, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 562, December 24, 
1907. 


One specimen from the Kapuas River, collected in 1905. 
(For measurements see table, p: 123.) 


122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


TUPAIA SPLENDIDULA Gray. 


1865. Tupaia splendidula Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865, p. 322. Type- 
locality, Borneo, probably northern. 


Three specimens, two from the Saratok River, Pamukang Bay, and 
one from the Kendawangan River. 

Mr. Oldfield Thomas, of the British Museum, has kindly compared 
one of the specimens with Gray’s type. He remarks: 

Comparing 151884 with the type of splendidula, it is the best match to that trouble- 
some species which I have yet seen, the color being identical (allowing for a slight 
bleaching from black to brown in the old specimen), and the hind feet practically the 
same leneth. The skull of splendidula is, however, certainly rather larger, as you say, 
but it is a very old specimen. There is no difference other than size that I can see. 
Condylo-basal length of 151884, 42.5; of splendidula, 44.2. 

The largest of the three specimens collected by Doctor Abbott was 
sent to Mr. Thomas, but the difference in size between the type of 
splendidula and the three specimens from southern Borneo is so 
slight and the material so limited that it can be attributed to indi- 
vidual variation only. 

(For measurements see table, p. 123.) 

TUPAIA LONGIPES (Thomas). 
1893. Tupaia ferruginea longipes THomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 11, p. 
343, May, 1893. 

Five specimens, two from southwestern and one from southeastern 
Borneo. Tupaia discolor Lyon,'! from Banka, is very close to this 
form, and in the original description should have been compared with 
it. A specimen of the present series was sent to Mr. Oldfield Thomas. 
He remarks as follows: 

With regard to longipes the differences you note are quite true as far as the type is 
concerned, but a later specimen from the same region has practically the same warm 


color on fore back, the same hypochrysa-like chest, and the same grayish tail. The 
skulls are identical, and the size the same. 


(for measurements see table, p. 123.) 


TUPAIA CARIMAT& Miller. 
1906. Tupaia carimate Mitimr, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 61, July 23, 
1906. 


In addition to the original series of Tupaia carimate collected in 
1904, Doctor Abbott took one other specimen in 1908. 
(For measurements see table, p. 123.) 
TUPAIA INFLATA Lyon. 


1906. Tupaia inflata Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 600, December 18, 
1906. 


A specimen of a small Tupaia taken on Karimata Island in 1908 
does not differ essentially from 7. inflata of Banka and Billiton 


1 Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 602, December 18, 1906. 


no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 123 


Islands. It is a young adult female with a somewhat imperfect skull 
not suitable for comparison with skulls of the original series. The 
skin closely resembles the darker individuals of the Banka-Billiton 
specimens. 

(For measurements see table below.) 


TUPAIA GRACILIS Thomas. 


a 


1893. Tupaia gracilis THomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 12, p. 53, July, 


1893. 
One example of Tupaia gracilis was taken along the Kendawangan 
River. 
(for measurements see table below.) 
TUPAIA MINOR Giinther. 


1876. Tupaia minor GintuER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1876, p. 426. 

Three small Tupaias are referable to Tupaia minor. Two are 
from the mainland of Borneo, Kendawangan River, and mouth of 
Sempang River, and third is from Pulo Laut. The latter is yellower 
underneath than are the mainland specimens, this perhaps due to 
staining. It is also somewhat darker above, especially the tail. 
The skull of the Pulo Laut specimen is too badly broken to compare 
with those of the mainland animals. 

(For measurements see table below.) 


Measurements of tree shrews. 


- = * 

an 3 o 
a eee lee 
gi |e SA ch inst 
Cata- a 3 ce a $ c= r= 
Name. Locality. logue | Sexandage. | 8 | & |E] @ | & |8e 
No. ron soulecalbts all Seales 
q 35] S » eS a 
x Oo} 2 g 7 
caer | hates 6 |e 
S = q o t | 4oO 

o 3 — ta Bb cst 

Hie |! N |& 
mm.|mm.)mm| mm. | mm. | mm. 
Tupaia dorsalis...| Kapuas River.......... 142247 | Female, adult...| 175 | 145 | 43 | 49.0 | 22.4 | 17.1 
Tupaia speciosa...| Sungei Matan.........-. 145573 | Male, adult..... 207 | 188 | 52 | 57.0 | 25.1 | 20.4 
DOM aa eee er GORA SE CaaS oe a aS 142247 |. 2... GORens ater 229 | 196 | 55 | 64.4 | 29.4 | 23.2 
IDS on B Eee ae aeeee LO eee eas ae ey 145574 | Female, adult...) 220 | 180 | 50 | 59.2 | 25.7 | 20.5 
DS tae ee Saratok River.........-. POTSS85)|Seeee dosasnes ones 210 | 180 | 49 } 57.7 | 26.0 | 20.0 
1D OS eee PASIFMRAVET cee ei... 6 ac,- 154339 | Male, adult... .- 209 | 175 | 50} 57.6 | 26.2 | 19.6 
1D Oe a eee Balik Papan Bay.....-. 154340 Female, adult. ..| 210 | 180 | 51 | 58.2) 27.0) 19.9 
DOR k er Pamukang Bay.....---- 154341 | Male, adult... .- 210 | 170 | 50 | 56.7 | 27.0 | 18.7 
pepuat splendi- |...-.- Oe EERE ET ty eh al 157883) ea... Gore 4 2453 180 | 130 | 42 | 48.0 | 25.0 | 17.2 

dula, 
1D) 528 Coane ee ae ee OES ree eos 151884 |... o(OrRt epee Dasees SE LoONea2 Ne ee 25.9 | 16.5 
Dom ssa ste ss Kendaw angan River. ...| 153856 | Female, adult...| 188 | 157 | 44 | 46.4 | 24.0] 16.4 
Tupaialongipes...| Batu Jurong.........-.-- 153852 | Male, adult..... 205 | 195 | 53 | 51.0 | 25.9 | 19.1 
WD Oise. ac lemecns Oo eee gas sone a 153853 | Mal e, young | 192 | 205] 53 | 48.3 | 25.0 | 18.2 
ad ult. 
Dose ees sck Kendawangan River....| 153854 Female nearly | 190 | 180 | 53 | 50.6 | 25.3 | 19.4 
adult 

DORR ee See COE ye we 153855 | Male, adult..... 213 | 190 | 53} 51.5 | 25.3 | 19.0 
DO Bee Rese ss 12) angkall: an River....- TSIS828 les 25 dossk 2e.42 213 | 185 | 50} 538.0 | 24.8 | 20.3 
Tupaiacarimate..| Karimata Island........ 1538601) Fase. (lors anaaes Lesa 45) AON eos. 23M el Ge 
Tupaia infilata....|...-. Goes Sela es 153859 | Female, adult...| 135 | 156 | 38 |.....- 19.5 | 13.3 
Tupaia gracilis....| Kendawangan River...-.| 153858 | Male, adult....- 143 | 174 | 42 | 39.0 | 20.6} 13.2 
Tupaia minor....| Mouth of Sempang Riv er| 145575 Female, adult...| 130 | 156 | 34 | 33.5 | 19.2 | 12.2 
JOO Gaemeaoms Kendawangan River. 153857 | Male, adult... -- 132 | 148 | 34 | 34.6} 19.4 | 12.0 
1) Oa toric: IP bilo) ILeNbyh. SH Sa aoe ee HOSTESS Res Clos taco See USON 4S 34s |eoeceslece ocr 12.0 


1 Collector’s measurements. 


124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. 


GYMNURA ALBA Giebel. 


1909. Gymnura alba, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, p. 453, May 27, 1909. 
Six specimens from the Sempang River, southwestern Borneo. 
(For a full account of and measurements of these specimens see. 

paper referred to above.) 
In one of them a nearly mature embryo in utero,—W. L. A. 


GALEOPTERUS BORNEANUS, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult female, Cat. No. 151888, U.S.N.M., 
collected at Tjantung, southeastern Borneo, January 30, 1908, by 
Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number 5775. 

Diagnostic characters—A medium-sized member of the genus 
closely resembling the flying lemur from the Malay Peninsula’ and 
the one from Bunguran of the Natuna Islands,? but skull slightly 
smaller than that of G. peninsulz, and with distinctly shorter max- 
illary tooth row and smaller audital bull; skull and maxillary tooth 
row about the same general size as in G. natunx, but braincase and 
interorbital region distinctly broader and nasals more pinched up 
into ridge. 

Color.—Type: Upper surface of head, neck, body, tail, feet, and 
outer surfaces of limbs varying shades of gray, produced by irregular 
mixtures of dirty white and blackish, notably about the shoulders 
and hips the whitish color darkens to a buff yellow. The usual light 
spotting is found on the feet, and a rather conspicuous white spot is 
found on each side of the base of the tail. The outer border of the 
membrane above is dull chestnut. General color of the entire under 
parts except chin and throat, varying mixtures and shades of dull 
tawny ochraceous and clay color; chin similar to upper parts and 
throat, a gradual blending of the colors of the chin with those of the 
under parts. 

Skull and teeth—The skull is of medium size, about equal to that 
of Galeopterus natune, but the interorbital constriction is wider, the 
brain-case decidedly wider, the nasals more pinched up into a ridge, 
and the rostrum deeper; audital bulle of about the same size, the 
palate, posterior nares, and interpterygoid space decidedly wider in 
the Bornean form. Compared with a skull from the Malay- Penin- 
sula, that of the Bornean animal is slightly smaller, with smaller 
bulla, less inflated mastoids. The teeth have about the same size 
that they do in the Malay form, but the tooth row is shorter. The 
individual teeth appear slightly larger, but the tooth rows have about 
the same lengths in the Bornean and Natunan forms. 

Measurements.—See table, page 126. 


1 Galeopterus peninsule THOMAS, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 2, p. 303, September, 1908. 
Selangor-Pahang boundary, Malay Peninsula. 

* Galcopithecus natune MILLER, Smiths. Mise. Coll., vol. 45, p. 50, November 6, 1903, Bunguran Island, 
North Natunas. 


no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY--LYON. 125 


Specimens excamined.—Two, the type and nearly adult male from 
the Sempang River. 

Remarks.—I quite agree with Thomas! that there is a resemblance 
between the flying lemurs of Borneo, the Natunas, and the Malay 
Peninsula. It is not plausible to suppose that they represent a single 
species, nor does the rather limited material at hand show this to be 
the case. Even Thomas himself has recently named the Penin- 
sular form. Galeopterus horneanus can not be considered a strik- 
ingly distinct species. It is certainly very distinct from G. aoris 
Miller. JI can see very little wisdom in Thomas and Wroughton’s 
combining the Aor, Rhio Archipelago, Natuna, and Bornean (al- 
eopterus under the name aoris.?_ The only real way to settle the case 
is to get together good series, but meanwhile it seems best to recog- 
nize the described forms. Flying lemurs ought to be subject to as 
much geographic and insular variations as are other groups of mam- 
mals. 

GALEOPTERUS LAUTENSIS, new species. 

Type.—Skin and skull of adult female, Cat. No. 151886, U.S.N.M., 
collected on Pulo Laut off southeastern Borneo, December 23, 1907. 
Original number, 5679. 

Diagnostic characters—A medium-sized member of the genus 
closely related to the Bornean animal, but slightly larger, with a dis- 
tinctly longer tooth row and with the mastoids considerably shrunken. 

Color.—The color is essentially like that of the Bornean animal 
described above, but the white spotting occurs frequently in larger 
splotches, and there is more ochraceous in the color of the back. 

Skull and teeth.—The skull and teeth of Galeopterus lautensis closely 
resemble those of the nearby Bornean animal. The skull is shghtly 
larger, more angular, with a narrower brain-case, and less prominent 
mastoids. The tooth row is considerably longer. 

Measurements.—See table, page 126. 

Specimens examined.—Three; the type, a young one taken with 
her, and a male from the island of Sebuku. | 

Remarks.—The male from the island of Sebuku is only provisionally 
referred to G. lautensis. It has about the size and general appear- 
ance as if it might be the male of that species. Unfortunately there 
is no material with which to make a satisfactory comparison. 

Regarding the type-specimen, Doctor Abbott writes: 

This animal has a somewhat interesting history. It was seized by a small forest 
eagle (Spizaétus limnaétus) and the two fell to the ground and were seized by some 
Malays who observed the occurrence. The place was in a small clearing on the east 
side of Pulo Laut. There were some gigantic trees standing on the edge of the clearing. 


The ‘‘kubong”’ was on one of these trees when the hawk grabbed her. She was carry- 
ing a newborn young one. There was an old wound full of maggots upon one shoulder, 


1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 1, p. 254, March, 1908. 
2 Journ. Fed. Malay States Museum, vol. 4, p. 111, 1909. 


126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


i a EES 


which had formed quite a large hole in the membrane and laid bare the muscles of the 
humerus. The disability caused by the wound and being hampered by the young 
one were the probable cause of its capture by the hawk. Both the hawk and the 
kubong were brought to me alive that same evening by the Malays who caught them. 
I have seen Spizattus try to catch Ratufa, but I never saw them succeed. 


GALEOPTERUS ABBOTTI, new species. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult female, Cat. No. 145577, U.S.N.M., 
collected on Pulo Panebangan, off west coast of Borneo, May 16, 1907, 
by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5231. 

Diagnostic characters.—A small member of the genus, much smaller 
than the flying lemur from the adjacent island of Borneo, and even 
smaller than @. gracilis Miller ' from Sirhassen, Natuna Islands. 

Color.—The color of Galeopterus abbotti is essentially like that of 
G. borneanus described above. 

Skull and teeth—The chief peculiarity of the skull of G. abbotti is 
its small size. In addition to that it is a rather flat skull, with mod- 
erately pinched-up nasals and rather shriveled and shrunken mas- 
toids. The teeth show no peculiarities, but are proportionately as 
small as the skull. 

Measurements.—See table below. 

Specimens ecamined.—Two, the type and a young male preserved 
in alcohol. 

Remarks.—Galeopterus abbotti has the smallest skull of any female 
flying lemur in the National Museum. It is nearly but not quite as 
small as the skull of the type, a male of G. pumilus Miller ’ from the 
Adang Islands. The skin of single specimen of G. abbott. shows well- 
developed mamme, so that there can be no question as to the sex of it. 


Measurements of adult flying lemurs. 


Cata- 
Name. Locality. logue Sex. 
No. 


Condylo-basal length of 

skull. 
Zygomatic width. 
Width of braincase. 
Upper toothrow 


Hind foot. 


Galeopterus borneanus...| Tjantung.......-- 4151888 | Female . 

Galeopterus lautensis ....| Pulo Laut......-- 4151886 |...d 
Ouse Pointe oie et Pulo Sebuku...... 151887 | Male. ..-. 0 : i 5 

Galeopterus abbotti ...... Pulo Panebangan. |4145577 | Female .| 345 | 210 | 62 | 60.0 | 40.5 | 22.4 |. 29.4 


opps 
SSn8 | Head and body.? 


1 Smiths. Mise. Coll., vol. 45, p. 49, November 6, 1903. 
2Tdem, p. 46, November 6, 1903. 

3 Collector’s measurements. 

4Type. 


no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 197 


CYNOPTERUS BRACHYOTIS BRACHYOTIS (Miiller).! 


1839. Pachysoma brachyotis MtitieR, Tijdschr. Natuur. Gesch. Physiol., vol. 5, 
p. 146. 

1907. Cynopterus brachyotis, Lyon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 562, 
December 24, 1907. 

Twenty-five specimens from the Kapuas River, thirteen from the 
Sempang River, sixteen from the Kendawangan River, and one from 
Batu Jurong. 

(For measurements see table, p. 128.) 


CYNOPTERUS BRACHYOTIS INSULARUM Andersen. 


1910. Cynopterus brachyotis insularum ANDERSEN, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vol. 6, p. 624, December, 1910. Type-locality, Kangean Island. 


Two specimens from Pulo Mata Siri. 
(for measurements see table, p. 128.) 


PTEROPUS VAMPYRUS Linnzus. 


1758. Vespertilio vampyrus Linnaus, Syst. Nat., l0th ed., p. 31. 


Three specimens from the Kendawangan River and fifteen from 
Klumpang Bay, all skins and skulls; three skeletons and seven pre- 
served in alcohol from Klumpang Bay. 

(For measurements see table, p. 128.) 


An immense roost of many thousands of these bats was among the mangroves near 
the head of Klumpang Bay. The roost was on a small tidal creek a couple of hundred 
yards from the shore of the bay. The mangroves were all small, not more than 18 to 
25 feet high. There were probably at least 15,000 to 20,000 individuals. I fired four 
shots into different trees and we picked up about thirty-five bats which were wounded 
and clung to the branches. Those killed outright mostly fell into the water and were 
lost, either sinking like stones or being swept away by the strong tidal current. Most 
of the females had young ones with them.—W. L. A. 


PTEROPUS SPECIOSUS Andersen. 


1908. Pteropus speciosus ANDERSEN, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 2, p. 364, 
October, 1908. Type-locality, Malanipa Island, off Zamboanga, Philippine 
Islands. 


Five skins and skulls, and three specimens preserved in alcohol 
from Pulo Solombo Besar, and one skin and skull from Pulo Mata 
Sirl. ‘ 

Skins and skulls compared with type and paratype of species and found indis- 


tinguishable. The color of the fur varies in the species of the hypomelanus group 
within wider limits than generally in Pteropus.—Knud Andersen. 


1 The author is indebted to Dr. Knud Andersen for the identifications of many of the fruit bats and 
leaf-nosed bats. 


Measurements of fruit bats. 


PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL. 40. 


Pea = 
q 
Sole 
.| 2 |28 
: Bb q Ss |g 
Cata- so = z 5 q 
Name. logue Locality. Sex. sy iS) aR £9 
No. og : = | 2: | page 
q g | oes 
es q : 2 > |Ss 
Lo} a oS 3 45 po} io} =i 
: ) = 20 
s bem) 5 Q ° q q K 
a iS) ta iS) 3 5 
Hla.je.|e8 |) es be Powe 
mm.|mm.|mm.)mm.| mm. |mm.| mm. | mm 
Pteropus speciosus..) 151893 | PuloSolombo Besar| Female | 182 |..--.- LOU S84 0n ec 54.0 | 21.4 
DOs a ces-sazeecins 151894 |...-- Oe wae eo see Oveas| ul Sail cance 1065) (565) 42305 | Faas 54.0 | 21.5 
DO Meera eee 151896 |..-.- GOSS ee ahiasenie Male. 1955) ee eae 119 O44. Ou eae 57.0 | 22.0 
IDO shee este A5USO Tce GOs eet esac Female} 205 |....- PAL tye ORO) || ssi 56.0 } 21.3 
DON esata 151898 | Pulo Mata Siri. .---. Sdos=s|4205n Sees 1250) 550] 40R0 Nee ces 58.0 | 22.1 
pial se vampyrus.| 153861 | Kendawangan River| Male. 298 |.---- 184 | 90 | 60.0 }..... 76.0 | 28.5 
Sees 153862 sia a eae [spn 206 |22 20.2222 2] 857] 58508 | Sa as eee OnieAs AO 
De Bee ecaaHeses GSTS eces eC gecseccososs Female | 288 |....-]...-- Si |Po9s0ll feeee 75.0 | 28.4 
DO tie see sccese 151901 Tae vane Bay..--| Male...| 292 |....- 185, \|\ 835/57 OM eeares 75.0 | 29.5 
WD) O's eeiristaraciceee 151902 |.-.--- GOs coe eeceiscecn lane do.. 276) | eet 175) | 85 | 5630))|- ose 71.0. | 28.4 
DOORS Season 1STOUST Beers GOs 22.c--Seenee 2202 e ce) 292 oaen 179 | 84 | 64.0 ]...-- 75.0 | 29.3 
1D Lc ee eee 1519035 |eneee dosnacectceeeease Female | 260 }.-..-- 190 | 86 | 57.0 |..<.-| 72.0 | 30.1 
IDS asce cee ee T519TO}|Beeee GOs seco eosscee NOs 280 nN seeee 178 | 89 | 62.0 }....- 71.0 | 27.5 
DOe agers Shee A5LOLT jos =< Ora esas Seca se .do. 280i —ce2 184 88 | 60.0 |...-- 75.0 | 28.8 
Cynopterus brachyo- | 145626 | Sempang River....| Male 71 | 10! 638] 23}13.2] 141 26.5) 9.4 
tis brachyotis. J 
DO sn. soecescese 145627" ):2-2- Glee eeeecaaaese Female | 80 9) GL} 26) 18h 18) 26S 7alieese9 
WD OAc: cossesaee 145628 |...-- dO: cantenaee eaedoOus 73 9] 61) 25°) 13.20) Woe 2os2aeoee 
DORE e sees ereer 153865 | Kendawangan River} Male. 100 9) (625) 225 A On ees Pet ||, 425) 
ID OR ese) aes 153887 |.---- GOse eee se eane Female} 73 9 64 25 | 15.0 14.| 26.0] 8.8 
DO neva ca scene 153889 |.---- GOS; sae ee eee Male. 21 9 60} 22 | 12.2 bh Wea [eres 8.8 
DOs ttc esscce 153892 |.---- GON oases Female} 65 9} 61] 23) 18.4) 14) 25:0))*8.2 
WO see sehe sence 153894 |...-.- COs os sate swore 25022-2575: | 9100}) (62) 9255) ABo5s| asm moe: 
DOs sheeccetses 153896 |..--. (6 (eet pre =.d022 79 10 62 25 | 14.5 14 | 26.6] 9.3 
DO ees occas 153882 | Batu Jurong ...--- Male. ot lleeoee lace Sel eee | Sees eee 26.0] 9.2 
DOR es ates 151892: | -Pamukang Bay<---|)Memalel|Ssen. (Sse seco peeee sac) see 26.1 | 8.7 
Cynopterus brachyo- |! 151891 | Pulo Mata Siri. .--- Males 22\2. dleteedliec eae asso hee cee | Secee See 10.0 
tis insularum. 
CPE sae soe TT51987 \5---- Objs eae esos Female| 82| 13] 67] 27] 15.2] 16) 29.2 | 10.0 
1 Paratype. 
MEGADERMA SPASMA CARIMATZ: (Miller). 
1906. Megaderma carimate Miter, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 63, July 23, 


1906. 


1907. Megaderma carimatey, ANDERSEN and WrouauHTon, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 7, vol. 19, p. 183, February, 1907. 


Thirty-one specimens from Karimata Island. 
carimate is evidently closely related to the Bornean form of J. 
spasma, differing mainly by its rather longer ear and shorter tibia. 


MEGADERMA SPASMA TRIFOLIUM (Geoffroy). 


Megaderma spasma 


1907. Megaderma spasma trifolium ANDERSEN and WrouaGutTon, Ann. Mag. Nat. 


Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, p. 132, February, 1907. 


Eleven specimens from a small islet northeast of Pulo Bauwal, 


five from Batu Jurong, and five from Pulo Lamukotan. 


(For measurement see table, p. 136.) 


These bats were roosting in some small caves on the seashore, just above high-water 


mark. 


1878. Phyllorhina larvata, Dosson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 137. 


HIPPOSIDEROS LARVATUS (Horsfield). 


1906. Hipposideros larvatus, MituER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 64, July 23, 
1906. Karimata Island specimens. 


no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 129 
(oe I A ee 


Twenty-seven specimens from the Pangkallahan River, one from 
the upper Pasir River, four from Pulo Panebangan, six from Pulo 
Serutu, Karimata Islands, all preserved in alcohol. 

(for measurements see table, p. 130.) 


HIPPOSIDEROS DYACORUM Thomas. 


1902. Hipposideros dyacorum Tuomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 9, p. 271, 
April, 1902. 
Seven specimens preserved in alcohol from Sungei Matan. 
(For measurements see table, p. 130.) 


Hanging under a rock on Bukit Sepunchok.—W. L. A. 
HIPPOSIDEROS GALERITUS Cantor. 


1878. Phyllorhina galeritz, DoBson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 141. 


Twenty-two specimens from Panebangan Island, fourteen from 
the Pangkallahan River, and eleven from the upper Pasir River, all 
preserved in alcohol. 

(For measurements see table, p. 130.) 


Taken in a large cave near Lowatsi (the Pasir River specimens).—W. L. A. 
HIPPOSIDEROS INSOLENS, new species. 


Type.—Adult male preserved in alcohol, skull removed, Cat. No. 
154389, U.S.N.M., collected near Lowatsi on the upper Pasir River, 
southeastern Borneo, December 31, 1908, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. 
Original number, 6274. 

Diagnostic characters.—Related to Hipposideros galeritus, but fore- 
arm, tail, and tibia distinctly longer, though skulls are of the same 
size. 

Color.—Type: Specimen taken out of alcohol and temporarily 
dried. On back general color mummy brown. When the fur is 
blown open, the terminal third or half of the hairs is seen to be 
mummy brown, the basal portions Prout’s to wood brown; the 
extreme narrow base of the hairs is buffy. Underparts, terminal por- 
tions of hairs, isabella color, extreme basal portion buffy, and inter- 
mediate portion dark wood brown. Membranes and naked portions 
of ears, the usual blackish brown color seen in bats. 

Nose-leaf.—Vertical posterior portion divided by three vertical 
ridges into four cells, frontal sac in male only, opening by a transverse 
slit, two secondary cutaneous leaflets, external to and on each side 
of horseshoe. 

Ears.—Short and broad, tip reaching to anterior border of horse- 
shoe when laid forward, furred almost to the tip on outer side, and 
anterior and posterior margins well furred inside. Height above 
crown, 1l1mm.; from meatus, 13; width, 13. 

80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——9 


130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 40. 


Wings, membranes, etc.—Wings from the tarsus, interfemoral 
membrane well developed. Forearm, 52 mm.; thumb, 7; first finger, 
42; second finger, 72; third finger, 58; fourth finger, 58; tibia, 21; 
foot, 8; calcar, 9; tail, 38. 

Skull and teeth—The skull and teeth of Hipposideros vnsolens show 
no difference from those of H. galeritus, not even in size, in spite of the 
fact that H. insolens is a much larger bodied animal. The principal 
measurements of the type skull are: Greatest length, 17.7 mm.; zygo- 
matic width, 9; mastoid width, 9; interorbital constriction, 2.7; max- 
illary tooth-row, including canine, 5.8. 

Specimens examined.—The type and two other specimen, females, 
all in alcohol, from the same locality. 

Remarks.—Hipposideros insolens is readily distinguished from H. 
galeritus by its distinctly larger body size. (See table of measure- 
ments below.) The skulls of the two forms, however, are curiously 
enough indistinguishable. This is undoubtedly another instance of 
the not unusual occurrence among bats of two closely related species 
differing only or mainly in size. 


Measurements of Hipposideros. 


| aS 
ty @ | go 
oD > 
; : a 
Cata- 2 sels ahs 
Name. Tone Locality. Sex. | 8 . q.| 84 
Z + rool = bs 
8 5 E | 2 | So 
so) male 3 os) ee es 
S38 | S44 Sse ee 
q Bi ey a a oa Oo | ao 
i mm.|mm.| mm.| mm. |} mm. |mm.| mm. |mm. 
Hipposideros larva- | 152067 | P ae gkallahan | Male...| 67} 382 | 65.0 | 25.0 | 12.5) 15 | 23.0) 9.0 
tus. iver. | 
Does ea. -|) Lo2068: |saase do............-| Female} 59 37 | 62.0 | 25.0 | 12.5 18 | 21.5] 8.5 
D) Ques seme 152079 |....- ro lo eee see Male...| 58} 34] 62.0] 24.0) 138.0] 18 | 22.2} 8&9 
Dope eee reas 52080 Moose 6 (os a es EOE do....| 62 | -32 | 63.0 | 24.0 | 12.5 18 | 22.3] 8.7 
DOr cciccnce 152089 |....- GOenssee eee | emaleiii64 37 | 64.0 | 23.0 | 12.0 17 | 22.2 8.6 
Dore eee 154387 | Upper Pasir River.| Male...| 64] 32] 64.0] 24.0] 12.0] 18 | 22.4] 9.0 
DON eas wessines 145608 | Pulo Panebangan.|...do....| 67] 32} 62.0] 25.0] 13.0] 16] 21.2] 83 
TD Ones eee ore | L456 CON |sesee Gol eee ees PLlemaleie Gl 34 | 62.0 | 24.0 | 12.5 19} 21.4] 8.7 
IDOE Se eecosase| Palebayalles see GOS sess sceneee | see GOsass| gon 28 | 61.0 | 22.0] 12.0] 18) 20.0} 80 
Hipposideros dya- | 145692 | Matan River.....-|... dos.c2| 39") 9215): 4255) i720) Seon ele a eos atone 
corum. 
, WO basssscoseene|| Uebel |e. Osh. Sects s- eee Gos. 52) 42) 21) 42. 0 ALES) NS3ON tsa TON one 
Hipposideros gale- | 152057 | Pangkallahan | Male...) 40] 23 | 42.5] 17.4] 80] 11]149] 5.7 
Titus. River. 
DObsceseiee cece LOZ Sane Goa eee) bemale; || 4 21 | 42.0] 15.0} 83 12/142] 5.6 
On seecee sneer alo 2000 ml merce Ou -cct ee. eee Malesia) 445), 22544 One 2s teSa0 1) | SAG ba, 
Do............-| 154391 | Upper Pasir River.| Female} 42] 22] 45.0] 17.2] 8.0] 12]15.7| 5.9 
IDK ee Seeceoeec| day Sept eee e GOs Ee Sees Male...) 44] 21] 45.0] 18.0] 8.5] 12/)15.7] 6.0 
DOr ese eeteteiee asl aloaSOB Alem oe do........-.-.-| Female| 45\| 24) 47.0.) 18.0 |) 850) 227 4sSG30) 
Dorses jesee =| o4g9 A eee dos. tee ee Male...) 45 | 23 | 44.0] 18.0) 7.5 | 12°) 15.1) ) 6:9 
Do.............| 145615 | Pulo Panebangan_|_-do...:|, 42 | 24 | 46.0)| 18.4 | 8/5 || 227) 15s6)/ oss 
Dosey. Shee 145688 |... .. Gott eee Female; 44] 22] 47.0] 18.0] 9.0 IPA) IGN) ast} 
DObeeenceeicice| L45680n ance Gloeeoeceee eae =. <GOl---| 44°) 251-4750) 1890))|" 18s 5nlse onan nose 
j LDermeseceteace 145689 |... .- dow..-..-.---.-| Male? =| 400) > 25/4720) 18755) ‘S20n|Setouelozon| moa, 
eTipeonaeros inso- | 154388 | Upper Pasir River.| Female| 49 | 38 | 52. 22.0 | 8.2) 12] 15.5) 6.0 
ens. 
DOee cases tis cere 1154389 |..... GOs ccc ----c2-|) Maleens|) 44:1) 838; P5270) 2100 SxOn | lmtlia elon m moses 
Doss ates esee| ossIO eee do.............| Female} 49 | 36] 51.0] 22.0] 87] 12|)15.7)| 5.8 


1 Type. 


no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 10) 


RHINOLOPHUS TRIFOLIATUS Temminck. 


1905. Rhinolophus trifoliatus, ANDERSEN, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 16, 
p. 249, August, 1905. 

1907. Rhinolophus trifoliatus, Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 563, Decem. 
ber 24, 1907. 

One specimen from along the Kapuas River in 1905, and four others 
on later expeditions, three from the Kendawangen River and one 
from the Sampanahan, all preserved in alcohol. 

(For measurements see table, p. 132.) 


Hanging beneath a palm leaf in dense hill jungle (Sampanahan River speci 


men).—W. L. A. 
RHINOLOPHUS AFFINIS Horsfield. 


1824. Rhinolophus affinis HorsFiELp, Zool. Research, Java. 


Fourteen specimens from the Pangkallahan River, and five from, 
the upper Pasir River, all preserved in alcohol. 
(For measurements see table, p. 132.) 


Taken in a large cave near Lowatsi (of the Pasir specimens).—W. L. A. 
RHINOLOPHUS BORNEENSIS Peters. 
1861. Rhinolophus borneensis, PeteRS, Monatsber. Akad. Berlin, 1861, p. 709. 
Five specimens in alcohol from Pulo Panebangan. 
(For measurements see table, p. 132.) 
RHINOLOPHUS BORNEENSIS SPADIX (Miller). 


1906. Rhinolophus borneensis spadiz, MituER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 64, 
July 23, 1906. 
Three specimens from Pulo Serutu and two from Karimata, col- 


lected in 1904. 
NICTERIS! JAVANICUS (Geoffroy). 


1813. Nycteris javanicus Grorrroy, Ann. Mus. Paris, vol. 20, p. 20. : 
One specimen preserved in alcohol, from the Upper Pasir River. 


(For measurements see table, p. 136.) 


In a small cave in limestone rock.—W. L. A. 


1See Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 22, p. 90, April 17, 1909. I have used the name Nicteris in- 
stead of Petalia, as by recommendation of the International Code Nicteris is a different term from 
Nycteris. 


132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


Se 


Measurements of Rhinolophus. 


a pie} 

to | ES 

Spore 

: : i) aS 

mb q = |c > 

Cata- : ue) E elke © 

Name. logue Locality. Sex. 8s ° % 2s 

No. ro iy 2 oe bs 

a 5 ‘ g 2 |S eo 

B rd = 6 ° & q ime) 

vo cs} ) = ° i) io} os 

oie | & |e & || oO jas 
mm.| mm.| mm.| mm. | mm. | mm.) mm. | mm. 
Rhinolophus trifo- | 153960 | Kendawangan Male....| 54] 34] 49 | 24.0] 12.0] 21 | 20.5) 83 

liatus. River. 
ID Oe aes eeec eis NSSOO Seas ae GOK aabaceeces Female .| 53] 32] 51 | 26.0] 13.0{ 22 ].-..-..- 8.4 
WMO ncsteee sock 153962) |Ss-e6 Goes ancestors WET dO asc]: eOON|ero* 52 | 27.0] 14.0] 23} 21.4 8.3 
ID Oy oauseocond. 152090 | Sampanahan Riv- |...do...-| 57 | 31 53 | 28.0 | 14.5] 22] 21.7] 88 
er. 
Rhinolophus affinis.| 152045 Pangkallahan | Male....| 50] 20 47 | 22.0] 11.0] 15] 19.0] 80 
River. 
IDOZe tees eeoe = 1152047 ||. -=-< CO eeeenseeeee Female .| 50} 20) 49 | 23.0] 11.5] 17) 19.5) 84 
Dope eeee 154402 | Upper Pasir River.| Male....| 47 D1 | 48>) 22.0) 1150) ve elOe Tale esao 
1D Nase Beeceee 154404 |..... oy eeererearscee dos. .| 47 | 227) 49) (23200 125i Seda O Ss feeset 
IDG soncssasces 154406 |...-- dor aco Female .| 47] 20] 49 | 23.0] 12.0] 18 | 20.4) 8.3 
Rhinolophus borne- | 145611 | Pulo Panebangan. Male....| 44] 92) 42))-18°5 | 955)) dol) aOR eee 
ensis : 

DOM seeeceee VASO IZ eee (a ASeeesaeer Female .| 44] 21 43] 19.0| 8.6] 15) 16.9] 7.2 
DO seer se ote 145699 |....- 0)... ceemesesce don ail 743. e2Us|) 43/8831 2.950) | Pe lOn el Onlmemen 


EMBALLONURA MONTICOLA Temminck. 


1838. Emballonura monticola TemmincK, Tijdschr. Natuur. Gesch. Physiol. 
Leiden, vol. 5, p. 25. Type-locality, Java. 
Seven specimens from the Matan River, ten from the Saratok 
River, Klumpang Bay. 
(For measurements see table, p. 133.) 


Brought by a Malay boy who said he got them under an overhanging rock. * * * 
Brought by a Malay boy who said he got them in a cave. W. L. A. 


EMBALLONURA ANAMBENSIS Miller. 


1900. Emballonura anambensis Mutter, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, p. 236, 
August 20, 1900. Type-locality, Anamba Islands. 

1906. Emballonura anambensis MituER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 63, 
July 23, 1906. 

In addition to the twenty-six bats of this species collected on 
Karinata Island in 1904 Doctor Abbott secured nineteen others in 
1908. Five specimens from Pulo Panebangan may be referred to 
the same species. 

(For measurements of the Panebangan specimens, see table, p. 133.) 


EMBALLONURA PUSILLA, new species. 


Type.—Adult female, preserved in alcohol, and skull removed, 
Cat. No. 153940, collected at Mankol, Kendawangan River, south- 
western Borneo, September 29, 1908, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original 
number, 6223. 

Diagnostic characters.—Like the Bornean form of Emballonura 
monticola, but with a distinctly smaller skull. 


No. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 1338 


Color.—Type: Dried out of alcohol temporarily, hair of upper parts 
between seal and mummy brown, becoming much lighter at base, 
like a pale sepia; under parts similar to a rather dark Broccoli brown, 
with the hairs of the throat and chin inclining toward russet; ears, 
membranes, etc., blackish. 

Skull and teeth.—Essentially like those of the Bornean Emballonura 
monticola, but distinctly smaller and weaker ; Space between the 
canine and the large premolar distinctly less in the smaller bat. 

Measurements—Type: Head and body, 36 mm.; tail, 9; forearm, 
44; thumb, 6; first finger, 35; second finger, 60; third finger, 44; fourth 
finger, 43; tibia, 17; foot, 8; ear from crown, 9; greatest length of 
skull, 13.3; zygomatic width, 8.3; greatest width of brain case, 6.5; 
interorbital constriction, 2.8; greatest superior width of rostrum, 5.3 ; 
maxillary toothrow, including canine, 5.; mandibular toothrow, 
including canine, 5.2. Also see table below. 

Specimens examined.—Four, two from the Kendawangan River and 
two from the Pangkallahan River. 


Hanging beneath a rock in the forest.—W. L. A. 


Measurements of Emballonura. 


| E 
re] ae 
nse 

.| @ 153 
Cata- mB q = = a 
Name. logu Locality. Sex. Ss Belay iliac 
No. a q a q 
Lo} . 2 a ho 
qa q g ° as 
E Pee S| b% {Ss 

ho] . S 3 43 & oO = 

Ss = 3S ° q fa 

& 3S iS) = is) a 3 s 

Bia |e] ae is ica) Oo la 
mm.) mm.| mm.| mm.| mm. | mm.) mm. | mm. 
Emballonura monti- | 145658 | Matan River..___. Female .| 43] 11] 48] 18] 8.5 1] 13.8] 5.9 

cola. 
WOR Stay 2 eee 145659 |... 2. doles: hae aaaliees dos. --|| 46 11 48 19] 8.6 12} 14.4] 6.1 
DONS eae 45660) | Hoe sad Oe an tne! | nn Gosseee|, 43 13 47 17 8.0 10| 14.0] 5.8 
LDDs ao Oat eek Bae 145664522 SO tees De Male....] 43 13 48 19| 8.2 Lt ASS 6.0 
DOEA et oe eae 152099 | Saratok River.....} Female .| 47] 11 7 190 282451) it T4eoe 650) 
DOSS ogee a 15 2L00U sees CVn el eer eel ae doer ae |e 4212) AGA e190) eve gn le toned 527 
DOtete ee TSZTODH Ronen Ose eater aoe] hoe Goss. -2|).4 13 47 18] 8.2 10 | 14.3 6.0 
Emballonura anam- | 145665 | Pulo Panebangan.|...do.....| 42] 11]..... LA 820) Sali se eae 
bensis. 
DOp ee escecsoes 145666 |... .. dorecthee rar silees doc: 2) 43 11 47 18] 8.6 P13) 4 a7 
Dower 145669 |_.... GOreee re eee! Gor) Az 13 45 uy 8.4 FT) 1355) | 5a7. 
Emballonura pusilla | 153939 | Kendawan gan |...do.....) 41] 12] 45] 17] 8.0] 10] 12.5] 5.2 
River. 
Doe Tose eS 1539401)... Ole Hp C4 oma ieee do.....| 36 PE a ECHO) 9} 12.4] 5.0 
DOP socee eee 152091 | Pangkallahan |...do..... 40 13 42 17 8.5 9} 12.5 |)- 5.0 
River. 


1 Type. 
MYOTIS CARIMATZ Miller. 
1906. Myotis carimate Minter, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 62, July 23, 
1906. 

Two specimens collected on Karimata in 1904 and three from the 
Kendawangan River in 1908. The mainland specimens do not ap- 
pear to be different from the island form. 

(For measurements see table, p. 136.) 


134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


MYOTIS MURICOLA (Gray). 


1841. Vespertilio muricola Hopason, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 10, p. 908 
(Nomen nudum). 

1846. Vespertilio muricola Gray, Cat. Spec. Draw. Mamm. Birds Nepal and 
Thibet, presented by B. H. Hodgson to British Museum, p. 4. 

1907. Myotis muricola, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 563, December 
24, 1907. 

Thirty-seven specimens from Mankol, Kendawangan River, nine 
from the Sempang River, and forty-one from Pulo Laut, all preserved 
in alcohol. 

(For measurements see table, p. 136.) 

Caught roosting in plantain leaves. 


Roosting in curled-up young banana leaves. 
Roosting in the folds of the mainsail, out near the end of the main boom.—W. L. A. 


GLISCHROPUS TYLOPUS (Dobson). 


1875. Vesperugo (Glischropus) tylopus Dosson, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 473. 
1907. Glischropus tylopus, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 563, December 
24, 1907. 


Fifty-six specimens from the Kapuas River region, collected in 1905. 


KERIVOULA HARDWICKII (Horsfield). 


1825. Vespertilio hardwickii HorsFieLp, Zool. Researches in Java. 
1907. Kerivoula hardwickii, Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 563, December 
24, 1907. 


One specimen from the Kapuas River in 1905. 
KERIVOULA BOMBIFRONS, new species. 


Type.—Preserved in alcohol, skull removed, adult male, Cat. No. 
145616, U.S.N.M., collected along the Matan River, western Borneo, 
August 15, 1907, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number 5497. 

Diagnostic characters —A small member of the genus, light in color, 
with large ears, apparently rather closely related to Kerivoula pellu- 
cida Waterhouse from the Philippines, but middle incisors not unusu- 
ally slender, and membranes and legs more hairy. 

Color.—Type; temporarily dried from alcohol: Upper parts, a light 
wood brown with a slight tint of cmnamon; under parts, a light ecru 
drab, but rather dull; wing membranes, brownish something between 
Prout’s and hair brown; bases of hairs lighter in color than tips; uro- 
patagium similar in color to fur of upper parts. 

Membranes, etc.—Uropatagium moderately well furred, hairs at 
free edge not longer or more numerous than elsewhere; legs and 
dorsum of foot quite well furred; forearm, and carpus and bases of 
fingers with rather scant, short hairs; edge (width of 4mm.) of mem- 
brane from foot to fifth digit, hairy to about same extent as uro- 
patagium, membrane between elbow and foot moderately haired. 


no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 135 


Ears.—Large, extending about 3 mm. beyond end of muzzle when 
laid forward; inner margin uniformly convex; outer margin with a 
very obtuse angle about opposite tip of tragus; tragus, long (8.5 mm.) 
slender (1.7 mm. wide at base), tapering gradually to a point, at 
lower outer angle, a small obtuse lobe, projecting about 0.5 mm. 

Skull—Brain-case rather narrowed from side to side but consider- 
ably enlarged and swollen from above downward, anteriorly; inter- 
orbital region narrow (3 mm.); a small concave depression at base of 
rostrum, in front of interorbital constriction; as the skull rests on its 
natural base the facial portion is much tilted upward; or with the 
skull resting on the maxillary toothrow, the cranial portion is much 
tilted upward; in comparison with K. hardwickii and K. picta, the 
portion of the palate posterior to the toothrow is very narrow (about 
1.5 mm. as to 2.0 mm.) 

Teeth.—Very similar to those in the Kapuas River specimen of 
Kerwoula hardwickvi, except that m' is more compressed antero- 
posteriorly, pm? has a slightly greater crown surface and less vertical 
depth as compared with the other upper premolars; the lower pre- 
molars in X. bombifrons are relatively slightly larger and with greater 
antero-posterior diameter than they are in H. hardwickii, especially 
the middle premolars. 

Measurements.—Head and body, 39 mm.; tail, 40; forearm, 30; 
second digit, 30; third finger, 60; fourth finger, 47; fifth finger, 41; 
tibia, 14; foot, 9; ear from crown, 12; ear, tip to tip (without stretch- 
ing), 25; greatest breadth of ear, 11; condylo-basal length of skull, 
13; maxillary tooth-row, including canine, 5.6; mandibular tooth- 
row, front of canine to back of last molar, 6.2; zygomatic width, 7.8; 
width of brain-case, 6.8. 

Specimens examined.— One, the type. 

Remarks.—The only other species of Kerwoula hitherto recorded 
from Borneo are hardwickuvi,' pusilla,’ and papillosa.s From K. hard- 
wicku, K. bombifrons differs conspicuously in its narrower skull, 
anteriorly inflated brain-case, narrower interorbital constriction, and 
by its lighter color; from K. pusilla, by its generally larger size and 
distinctly larger ears; and from K. papillosa by its much smaller size, 
relatively larger ears, and relatively larger incisors. 


Shot while hanging from a leaf in dense forest.—W. L. A. 


1 See page 134. 
2 Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 14, p. 461, December, 1894. 
83 Hose, Mammals of Borneo, p. 40, 1893. 


136 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


ee nn nee EEE 


Measurements of bats. 


VOL. 40. 


, in- 


xillary toothrow 


cluding canine. 


Fg 


3 
= 


nO WO. 


= 
Se oe 


rr) 

q 

~ 

op 

aoe 
Cata- ai E as 
Name. logue Locality. Sex. & ° ae 
No. o ss ° Qu 

q iS Hilé 

3 Ua i>) = 

= : cS a gpl lcz ye 

S18 |S. \ Seely saa 

eee | ee ee Vee less 
mm.|mm.| mm. | mm. | mm. |mm.| mm 
Nycteris javanica.| 154386 | Upper Pasir River.| Female .| 63 | 58 | 47.0 | 27.0 | 11.0] 25 | 19.0 
Megaderma spas- | 153877 | Batu Jurong. ....-- Male....| 70 0 | 61.0 | 35.0 | 19.0] 28 | 19.7 

ma trifolium. 
DoMeececcse ASSO eee On Sie teers eels cae) (a8) QO | 57. 0: | 84°70) 17.0) |) 26 |) 2085 
ID Osea erels P5a88ON ees. Osa Fe apeciill AOo 0 | 56.0 | 35.0} 17.0 | 29 | 20.8 
WW Gereetoce sce TBS Se lees GRRE amncaerce Female .| 71 0 | 60.0 | 35.0 | 18.0} 28 
MD Oesiiceas = 153866 | Pulo Bauwal, small} Male....| 77 OF SSL0M SOLON een eres 20.5 
islet northeast ol. 
DOs eos 153869 Female .| 61 0 | 56.0 | 31.0} 17.0} 28 | 19.5 
DOs Ast eee 153870 |.. RAO SE Solhe ZA0) 0 | 58.0 | 35.0} 16.0 | 31 | 20.5 
DOS ee toe: 153872 Male....| 64 0 | 56.0 | 34.0} 17.0] 30 | 20.0 
ID Oziceee os 145576 Female .|..... 0 | 60.0 | 35.0 | 18.0 )--..- 20.5 
Doweseeees 145653 eedOee || 60 0 | 59.0 | 34.0 | 18.0 30 | 20.2 
DOs oss 145654 Male....| 63 0 | 59.0 | 34.0} 19.0] 31 | 20.3 
Dose saceee 145657 Female .| 65 0 | 60.0 | 33.0 | 18.0 31 | 20.0 
Kerivoula bombi- |!145616 | Matan River .......| Male....| 39 | 40 | 30.0] 14.0] 9.0] 12] 13.0 
frons 
Myotis carimat& .| 153936 en yer et 7 doe 44 | 35 | 38.0] 18.0) 11.0; 11] 14.0 
iver. 
DOse cee eens IGBERV | bsooe GOL Lee eea Oe e ea 40. 805\208200! LSIOn TAO Meta aor 
Doris cer = 153938 |...-- Conese Seer Female 45 33 | 38.5 | 18.0 | 11.0 11} 14.5 
Myotis muricola..| 145617 | Sempang River....| Male. 39 | 34 | 33.4] 14.5] 7.2] 10] 18.2 
Om st cen sey 145619! |... (oo) eae he ee Female .| 388 30 | 32.4 |) 14.5 er} 10 | 12.5 
DORA ceeccr 1456230\|esese Clee ereereees Male....| 37 | 30] 33.0] 14.0} 7.6] 10) 12.9 
DOasocdes se 153899 Keene awangan| Female.| 40] 35 | 33.5] 14.5} 7.2] 11] 13.0 
iver. 
IDO AN Seanoade 1538902) se ece ho Sn as ae Male. =2|| °37)\|/ 32) 3229") 15304) S70) | el09)) 30 
1D) OScos sane 153903) |. ...,- GOei reso siese. Female .| 40] 36} 32.8 | 14.8] 7.5] 11 | 13.0 
DOs oe tke 153904 |...-- OOS. bsas2asecee ==do 38 30) | 80.0. |)Los0 How) TE SRS 
DW Ose coeteeee 1539845 Ssee Oem oanooccee 23d0% 87 | 36: 1535:'05|) 15290) ash), ila ales 
i DY os eee aa 152010 | Pulo Laut: 222522. - Male. 38-1 36 [33203152578 ele een 
IDOn ao as V52019' 2-2: GOs eee: =d0: 39 82 | 34.0 | 16.0 Ha.) 10 | 13.0 
1D Yoyan Beene 152082))|beees GO onssseeese ..do- 39> |) 321534501 TSA6r Tess elon een 
One = scien 1520047 |22en- GO aint eee Female 38 37 | 35.0 | 16.4 7.8 ni) alse 
Dore see S202 702 aoe GO-lnske hte Z2do% 38 35 | 34.0 | 15.5 7.6 1f >) 1323 
DOs 2.222% 1520345)|22e~- ile eeecocsee ice do. 37 37 | 35.0 | 16.0 7.4 10 |} 12.5 
1 Type. 


TARSIUS BORNEANUS Elliot. 


Souler Cre Sri ouere Sri ONE s Cre OU NCTC, SAGO Sg NSIS 100 SC a 
DPW RE RRWNO NWEHOW TY QAwWwwroRmMo oO 


1907. Tarsius tarsier, Lyon, Proc.U.S. Nat. Mus.,vol.33, p. 565, December 24, 1907. 
1910. Tarsius borneanus Exxtot, Bull. Amer. Mus Nat. Hist., vol. 28, p. 153, May 
27, 1910. 


Four specimens collected by Doctor Abbott in western Borneo in 


1905. 


NYCTICEBUS BORNEANUS Lyon. 


1906. Nycticebus borneanus Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 5385, Novem- 
ber 9, 1906. 


1907. Nycticebus borneanus, Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 565, December 
24, 1907. 


Nine specimens from western Borneo, collected by Doctor Abbott 


in 1905. 


PITHECUS NEMESTRINUS (Linnzus). 


1766. [Simia] nemestrina Linnaus, Syst. Nat., vol. 1, 12th ed., p. 35. Type- 
locality, Sumatra. 


1907. Macaca nemestrina, Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 565, December 


24, 1907. 


(Landak and Sakaiam rivers specimens.) 


no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON,. 17 


Three specimens, a skin and skull from Sukadana, an odd weathered 
skull from the Kendawangan River, and a skin and skull from Pamu- 
kang Bay. The two skins have hairs that are distinctly annulated, 
and the skulls are of the narrow type, quite unlike the skin and skull 
of the type of P. broca Miller + from northern Borneo. 

(For measurements see table, p. 138.) 


PITHECUS MANDIBULARIS Elliot. 


1907. Macaca fascicularis, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 565, Decem- 
ber 24, 1907. 

1910. Pithecus mandibularis Exuiot, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, p. 347, 
August 6, 1910. 


Only one specimen of the usually common Malay long-tailed 
macaque was obtained by Doctor Abbott in Borneo, on the Sungei 
Sama, near Pontianak, in 1905. 

(For measurements see table, p. 138.) 


PITHECUS CARIMAT Elliot. 


1906. Macaca fascicularis MiLER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 65, July 23, 
1906. 
1910. Pithecus carimate ExxiioT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, p. 346, August 6, 
1910. 
Two skins and skulls from Telok Pai, Karimata Island, collected by 
Doctor Abbott in 1904. 
(For measurements see table, p. 138.) 


PITHECUS CUPIDUS Elliot. 


1910. Pithecus cuprdus Eviiot, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, p. 348, August 6, 
1910. 


Skin and skull and an odd weathered skull from Pulo Mata Siri. 
(For measurements see table, p. 138.) 


PITHECUS BAWEANUS Elliot. 


1910. Pithecus baweanus Evutot, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, p. 347, August 6, 
1910. 


Two skins and skulls from Bawean Island. 
(For measurements see table, p. 138). 


1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 29, p. 558, Feb. 3, 1906. 


138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL M USEUM. vou. 40. 


nce Sanaa ana an nEISaEnERRRERIREIRRRSRR ERE Re reeennen eee astneintearnnIaERURET ERT 


Measurements of Pithecus. 


5 z 

Br) eas 

S Pe FFE e |) 

Cata- ae) i) AS} a 

Name. | Locality. logue Sex. Age. 8 a a 2 i) 

No. = ns bo a) x 

5 2 | 2.) 2) Peas 

rd =H ie) "Sp “a I a= 

SS | a 2 4 Sie 

Gia | S FQ N ey 
mm.) mm.| mm.| kilos.| mm. | mm. | mm, 
P. nemes- | Sukadana...---- 145330 | Male...-| Adult....... 615) 220) | 190!) LON9) | SeSeee eee | eens 

trinus 
DO era Ken dawangan | 153804 |...do.....]..... G02. se-5 3] (Sees seca eee | teteeers eeeerse 47.0 
River. 
Do.....-| Pamukang Bay.| 154867 |...do..-...]..... do....---| 590 | 240'| 195. | 10.9 || 115 | 10” |) 48:0 
P. mandibu-| Near Pontianak, |3142225 |...do.....].....d0....--- 445 | 570 | 140) 5.0]...... 77 | 37.0 
laris. Sungei Sama. 

P. cupidus..| Pulo Mata Siri. .|$151831 |...do.....]..... dossaiess 435 | 540 | 127] 4.8 85 81 | 36.4 
WO soe al accee Cl eee eed 543680 Reed Otsens|cemter GOrecccise (@)illssece|eececaeeces 87 83 | 38.0 
P.baweanus| Bawean Island. .|8151829 |...do.....|..--. o..2.-- || 472.5680) | 1415) 5652 91 89 | 42.5 
MOS elise ses Gere se 151830 | Female..|.....do.....-- 488 | 5385 | 122] 3.9 74 74 | 34.5 
P. carimatz.| Karimata Island |3125101 | Male..-..|..--- dotsease 460 | 655 | 144} 5.4 81 78 | 37.4 
DOR. eal scree do.....------| 125102 |...do...../.---. Oz 5-55 46086305 M4 os] eal Se perereeel | eerie leer 


PYGATHRIX RUBICUNDA RUBICUNDA (Miiller). 

1838-39. Semnopithecus rubicundus Mistier, Tijdschr. Natuur. Gesch. Physiol., 
Vol.cd;p. 137. 

1839-1844. Semnopithecus rubicundus, MULLER and Scuiea@et, Verh. Nat. Gesch. 
Nederl. Bezitt, pp. 61 and 69, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4; pl. 11, fig. 1. 
Type-locality, southeastern Borneo. 

Doctor Abbott secured three specimens of Pygathrix rubicunda 
rubicunda from Balik Papan Bay and three from the Seratok River. 
These six specimens are practically topotypes of the species, the 
original specimens having been collected at Mount Sakumbang and 
Tana Lawut. (The latter place does not appear on any of the avail- 
able maps. Mount Sakumbang is shown on the map on page 57.) 
They are of a generally darker red color than any of the other 
Bornean specimens of this species in the National Museum, and the 
hands and feet have a more distinct tendency to be suffused with 
blackish. 

There seem to be three distinct forms of this species on Borneo, 
P.rubicunda rubicunda from southeastern Borneo, P. rubicunda igmta® 
from the northern parts of the island, a new form described below as 
P. rubicunda rubida from western Borneo, south of the Kapuas River. 
A fourth subspecies, P. rubicunda carimate, from Karimata Island is 
evidently derived from the Bornean fauna. 

The differential characters of the four forms are set fourth in the 
table below. 

(For measurements, see table, p. 141.) 


1 Collector’s measurements. 

2 Collector’s measurements computed to kilograms. 

3 Type. 

4 Weathered skull. 

6 Dollman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 204, September, 1909. 


no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 


139 


PYGATHRIX RUBICUNDA RUBIDA, new subspecies. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult female, Cat. No. 153790, U.S.N.M., 
collected at Batu Jurong, southwestern Borneo, June 17, 1908, by 
Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5979. 

Diagnostic characters.—Closely related to Pygathrix rubicunda rubi- 
cunda, differing in having a somewhat lighter color, no conspicuous 
suffusion of blackish color on the hands and feet, less prominent outer 
edge of the mastoid, and a distinct space between that edge and the 
edge of the posterior root of the zygoma. 

Color.—Type: General color similar to Ridgway’s hazel, but rather 
brighter, the hairs generally darker at the ends and lighter at bases, 
so that on the back where the hairs are longest, the general color is 
dark hazel; a considerable number of blackish hairs on the dorsal 
surface of the fingers and toes. 

Skull and teeth—The skull and teeth of Pygathriaz rubicunda rubida 
are in general as they are in P. r. rubicunda; the outer edge of the 
mastoid, however, is more inconspicuous than it is in the typical form 
and is usually separated from the outer edge of the posterior root of 


the zygoma by a more or less well-defined groove or distinct space. 
Measurements.—See table, page 141. 
Specumens examined.—Twelve, from various localities in south- 

(See table of measurements for exact localities.) 


western Borneo. 


PYGATHRIX RUBICUNDA CARIMATZ& Miller. 


1906. Presbytis carimatz# MILLER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 65, July 23,1906. 


In addition to the original series of seven specimens collected in 
1904, two additional specimens were collected on Karimata Island at 


Telok Edar by Dr. W. L. Abbott in 1908. 
(For external and cranial measurements see table, p. 141.) 


Diagnostic characters of the forms of Pygathrix rubicunda. 


P. rubicunda carimate. 


P. rubicunda rubida. 


P.rubicunda rubicunda,. 


Lighter colored, without 
well-marked blackish 
suffusion on hands and 
feet. 

Post-glenoid process long 
and heavy. 


Fossa between pterygoids 
relatively shallow. 


Outer edge of mastoid 
relatively less conspicu- 
ous. 

Outer edge of posterior 
zygomatic root as a rule 
not separated from out- 
er mastoid edge by a 
distinct space or groove, 
but the two edges soon 
confluent. 


Angle of jaw and condyle 
large and heavy. 


Lighter colored, without 
well-marked blackish 
suffusion on hands 
and feet. 

Post-glenoid process not 
conspicuously devel- 
oped. 

Fossa between _ ptery- 
goids relatively shal- 
low. 

Outer edge of mastoid 
relatively less conspic- 
uous. 

Outer edge of posterior 
zygomatic root sepa- 
rated from outer mas- 
toid edge by a more or 
less well-defined 
groove or distinct 
space. 


Angle of jaw and con- 
dyle not so large and 
heavy. 


Darker colored, with 
blackish suffusion on 
hands and feet. 


Post-glenoid process not 
conspicuously devel- 
oped. 

Fossa between ptery- 
goids intermediate in 
character. 

Outer edge of mastoid 
rather conspicuous. 


Outer edge of posterior 
zygomatic root as a 
rule not separated 
from outer mastoid 
edge by a distinct 
space or groove, but 
the two edges soon 
confluent. 

Angle of jaw and con- 
dyle not so large and 
heavy. 


P. rubicunda ignita. 


Lighter colored, without 
blackish suffusion on 
hands and feet. 


Post-glenoid process not 
conspicuously devel- 
oped. 

Fossa between ptery- 
goids relatively deep. 


Less conspicuous. 


Outer edge of posterior 
zygomatic root as a 
rule not separated from 
outer mastoid edge by 
a distinct space or 
groove, but the two 
edges soon confluent. 


Angle of jaw and condyle 
not so large and heavy. 


140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, vou. 40. 


PYGATHRIX FRONTATA (Miller). 


1838-39. Semnopithecus frontatus MULLER, Tijdschr. Natuur. Gesch. Physiol., 
vol. 5, p. 136. 

1839-44. Semnopithecus frontatus MtLtueR and ScuiEGeL, Verh. Nat. Gesh. 
Nederl. Bezitt., pp. 62 and 78, pl. 8, figs. 1-4. 


Ten specimens of this rare monkey were collected by Doctor Abbott 
in southeastern Borneo, eight at Klumpang Bay, and two at Balik 
Papan Bay. 

(For measurements see table, p. 141.) 


Generally common.—W. L. A. 


PYGATHRIX CRISTATA (Raffles). 


1822. Simia cristata Ra¥FuxEs, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 244. Type- 
locality, Sumatra. 

1907. Presbytis cristata, Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 568, December 27, 
1907. Kapuas River specimens. 

In addition to two specimens of Presbytis cristata taken by Doctor 
Abbott in the Kapuas River region, an adult female and her young 
were taken at the Pasir River, southeastern Borneo. 

(For measurements of the specimens see table, p. 141.) 

In point of coloration the young specimen bears no resemblance 
whatever to its parent. The hairs are everywhere ochraceous in 
color, with the exception of a fringe of long blackish hairs over the 
forehead. <A good illustration of the young may be seen in Verhan- 
delingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche over- 
zeesche Bezittingen, plate 12, fig. 1. 


PYGATHRIX CHRYSOMELAS (Miiller). 


1838-39. Semnopithecus chrysomelas MUuLER, Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 
vol. 5, p. 188. Type-locality, Pontianak, western Borneo. 

1907. Presbytis chrysomelas, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 567, Decem- 
ber 27, 1907. 


Nine specimens from Pontianak, and the lower Landak and Kapuas 
rivers. None were collected by Doctor Abbott in southwestern or 
southeastern Borneo. 


no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 141 


Measurements of Pygathriz. 


ad 
= | 3 
g 2Q 
=, 7) is | 
Cata- Ler ed ena ie 
Name. Locality. logue Sex. Age. Ss wean EHH IS 
No. = mS bo Ss | © 
| 8 ; Onna 3 
3 = z| = ° a 
ee eS ie SP eros Ters ° 
Cay Ge le dS oD leo Ba 
mia | S po |e N 
, mm.| mm.| mm.| kgs. | mm. | mm. | mm 
P. frontata..| Klumpang Bay.| 151819 | Male.... Not. ; gulte 405 | 660 | 158 | 3.6 | 56.7 | 26.9 | 66.6 
adult. 
DOs Ashes Come oases 5- 151820) | shemaleye|ijesocss se 2. ee ASO 8 el Og KO) | osetia epee a emer 
DORs taal Sonos GOs aeciceneas PUSS se. dO ce oleeeeee saws 405 | 695 | 172 AE O)h es Se eee | eae 
DOsteeslenss= Cee nemocsce WHUS22 5 9200 sean Old eee eect 505 | 735 | 178 | 6.5 | 64.8 | 29.5 | 75.0 
DOA sls 2525 CO eeae Se ee T5US235 Fe dOs =a \eeeee do......| 500 | 660 | 175 | 5.9 | 61.6 | 28.0 | 69.8 
WOME Slkeees GOs sree seus UBS 4b esd Otealaues cease care AQ bale TOO! |il'ZO'| vos 45a sins hee |e 
Dorks ctscee= Ol) Sees oaee 1543630) |e One oo PAGUIES ssee- 480 | 710 | 173 6.4 | 63.3 | 28.7 | 72.3 
MO se fempawalien 151825 | Male....}..... doasce 22 480 | 640 | 168 | 5.6 | 64.7 | 29.3 | 73.3 
iver. 
Doses s< Chenee Papan | 154361 | Female .| Youngadult | 445 | 745 | 175 | 5.0 | 62.3 | 28.9 | 67.0 
1 5ASG2 elk Oley. ashes co cearer 490 | 710 | 163 6.4 | 62.5 | 29.8 | 68.5 
154359 | oeeGOne es | PAGULicee = 515 | 635 | 140 | 5.2 | 59.3 | 28.0 | 68.5 
154360 | Male....| Very young.!' 200 | 280! 70 |......!......]......|..... 
145331 |...do....| Not quite | 475 | 665 | 165 | 4.4 | 56.0 | 26.0 | 63.4 
rubida. adult. 
Dorset lise GOs hee 145332) | Females Oldias22. 222: 525 | 750 | 175 | 6.0 | 61.2 | 28.3 | 67.5 
Dowesealecacs GOR eee AADSSSH eM Oeeiera eet oe oes See 510 | 690 | 165 (ook) (Eee | es eee 
Dower sa|oaees dotnet eee 145334 | Male....| Adult....... 540 | 695 | 177 7.4 | 65.2 | 28.9 | 72.3 
DoOxecios Berane aie 145335 |...d0..-.-|..... does 500 | 700 | 170 | 6.4 | 59.4 | 27.0 | 70.2 
iver. 
DOeees. Sempang River .| 145336 |...do...-.|..... doeeases: 500 | 705 | 188 | 6.9 | 63.7 | 28.5 | 69.6 
DO stesct Bat UrOn gece | lbd189" |e GOr ec see dozer 580) LON 1S2F GE hG0s GaSe iiOse 
1 DYiiaaealipanee (oo PA Rae 3153790 | Female .|..... donee 495 | 690 | 170 | 7.8 | 59.2 | 28.2 | 68.7 
WOR Mee Meee he GOss cence TIES yA a 8 Sallescae dopecene 500 | 670 | 165 7.3 | 59.4 | 26.4 | 67.9 
DOs calsacce GOz eases: 1537920) Male c.22.- oe doeeneee DOS TMGOTSy | iSa |e Garde | ROL Siete linaoee 
DO etea- Heuds we ngan| 153793 | Female -|..... doses: 480 | 690 | 175 | 5.2 | 57.8 | 27.4 | 67.0 
iver. 
Dossiers lyse COGS econo 153803; |\Miale =? ea cje: <2 GOteceee se Patek Sie See oe 59.6 | 25.7 | 68.9 
P rubicunda| Balik Papan | 154364 |...do....|....- Gosariase 485 | 660 | 175 | 6.4 | 61.9 | 28.9 | 69.6 
rubicunda.| Bay. 
DORs tales at Gases e se ASG dp ee Ome rere\l nemaree einen 500 | 690 | 171 6. 4 | 60.0 | 27.3 | 69.2 
DOerscre lnc « COs ase ioe os 54366 a esedOnaee ee cae dora: 510 | 670 | 179 6.9 | 60.3 | 27.4 | 70.9 
Donn. s Saratok River...| 151826 |...do....|....- Gon 2 ratsizrs 5201/6950 180" |e eee 62.2 | 26.6 | 71.6 
DO saslacase GOs ese T5US2 7 Pere Os ier loa doeesee PASC AK Oe RoW ya eee P| Paes ed lee Seed Is rs 
DOsesrs esses Ome ae tsncce 151828: |"Female:.|....52-...22- ALON LOR LOD Pr AGul seer oe | eeeee ol eeeae 
P.rubicunda| Karimata _Is- | 153794 | Male....|_.... dove: 505 | 700 | 175 | 6.9 | 644 | 29.5 | 71.5 
carimate. land. 
ID Agee Aseas GON Sees ncee 153795 | Female .|..... doleeee 510 | 710 | 172 | 7.7 | 63.9 | 29.6 | 72.0 


1 Collector’s measurements. 
q pellector's measurements in pounds and quarters computed in kilograms. 
ype. 


NASALIS LARVATUS (Wurmb). 


1907. Nasalis larvatus, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 569, December 
24, 1907. 
Ten specimens from the Kapuas River region, four from southwest- 
ern and five from southeastern Borneo. 
(For exact localities and measurements see table, p. 142. 


In southeastern Borneo Nasalis larvatus was common in the swampy lowlands at the 
edges (scarcely banks) of rivers and creeks. They understand the art of “‘sitting 
tight.’’ I have often gone within a few feet of them in the Nipa Palms without 
noticing them.—W. L. A. 


142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 
Ee a TER IN 


Measurements of proboscis monkeys. 


; ad 

5 3 

ad Q 

* ° 

Re or eS 
Cata- a 3 | ee 
Locality logue Sex. Age. S a B |e iS 
No. Spine oy eee tors 

q fo) eu 5) 3 pay 

a & ~ TA g ° 

uo] iS) ae "Sb i} ° =] 

S|) a | a | 2 Wao 

Hleia ies Q N |& 
mm.|mm.|mm.| kgs. | mm. | mm. | mm 
Sempang River............. 145323 | Male....| Young adult. .| 710 | 230 | 670 | 22.0 | 93.7 | 91.8 | 40.6 
DOS SS ek bas a 14532458 dora || Adults s eee 715 | 230 | 665 | 19.0 | 93.8 | 93.9 | 39.3 
DONE ete se Se roe Se eee 145325 | Female3} Old........... 560 | 182 | 550 | 9.5 | 72.9 | 73.3 | 33.9 
Kendawangen River....._.. 153802))|/SMalese ss) Youn eadult = =| sueee| mama emia | oaeeanen 94.5 | 91.7 | 44.0 
Pangkalahan River......... 151816 | Female .| Adult......... 600 | 180 | 520 |...... ssa iferonitelens 
TD Os Be Nei avn eg SO MEM eC Oe aallscs oe GOR eens 565 | 188 | 605 | 8.6 | 60.9 | 72.3 | 33.6 
Pamukane Bayete pene soos: 151818 | Male....|..... (0 [opie esenee 680 | 215 | 660 |...... 95.9 | 90. 4 | 39.7 
Balik Papan Bay. 222252225) 154374 |...do. Young adult. .| 690 | 228 |_.... 19.0 | 93.9 | 93.9 | 41.8 
DOR Ee een cece 154375 | Female .|._... (3 (oS oa 560 | 181 | 590 | 9.0 | 71.0 | 73.5 | 36.2 


1 Collector’s measurements. ; 
* Collector’s measurements in pounds changed to kilograms. 
3 Fetus in uterus. 


HYLOBATES LEUCISCUS (Schreber). 


1907. Hylobates leuciscus, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p.570, December 
24, 1907. 


Seven specimens from the Landak and Kapuas rivers, collected in 
1905. e: 
HYLOBATES MULLERI Martin. 


1841. Hylobates miilleri Martin, Nat. Hist. Mamm. Anim., p.444. Type-locality, 
“meridional parts of [Borneo].”’ 


Twenty-three specimens of Hylobates miilleri were collected by 
Doctor Abbott in southwestern and southeastern Borneo. They are 
strikingly different in coloration from Hylobates leuciscus of the 
Kapuas River region. All of them have the crowns of the head and 
the hands and feet distinctly darker in color than the rest of the 
animal. I have been unable to find any tangible differences between 
the skulls of the two species, although they show many and marked 
individual variations. These gibbons from southern Borneo are sep- 
arable into two geographic races, H. miilleri miller, from southeastern 
Borneo, and a new form described below. The type-locality of 
Martin’s H. miilleri is simply southern Borneo. As the gibbons col- 
lected by Doctor Abbott in southeastern Borneo agree with Martin’s 
description, especially as to the light-colored supercillary stripe not 
being continued down on to the face as light whiskers. The type- 
locality of H. miilleri may be restricted to southeastern Borneo, 

Generally common.—W. L. A. 


HYLOBATES MULLERI ALBIBARBIS, new subspecies. 


Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 145327, U.S.N.M 
collected along the Matan River, a tributary to the Sempang, August 
16, 1907, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5501. 


no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 143 


Diagnostic characters.—A geographic race of Hylobates miilleri 
distinguished from the typical form by lighter crown patch, light- 
colored chin and side whiskers, and the lower back very much lighter 
in color than rest of upper parts. 

Color—Type: Narrow rim of hairs encircling face blackish, fol- 
lowed by a narrow, dirty white forehead band, widening and the 
individual hairs lengthening to form well-marked side whiskers and 
a whitish patch on throat; crown patch dark-drab color; anterior 
portion of back and sides, including adjacent portions of arms, a sort 
of drab gray; posterior portion of back and sides, pale cream buff; 
underparts, a blackish brown, continuous with-the seal-brown color 
of the inner side of the arms and legs; dorsal surfaces of hands and 
feet blackish or blackish brown; outerside of forearms and legs a 
sort of light clay or light isabella color. The colors everywhere are 
subdued and there are no abrupt changes from one color to the next. 
The main distinguishing color character between the gibbons of 
southeastern and southwestern Borneo are shown in the table below. 


Gibbons from southwestern Borneo, Hylobates 


Gibbons from southeastern Borneo, Hylobates 
miilleri albibarbis. J j 


mulleri miilleri. 


Crown patch dark brown. 

Lower half of back, generally light buffy in color, 
and arms inclining toward same color. 

Side and chin whiskers buffy in six out of nine 
specimens, brownish in the other three. 


Underparts, including inner side of legs and arms, | 


blackish brown, less widely diffused. 


Crown patch blackish. 

Lower half of back, generally wood brown in color, 
and arms inclining toward same color. 

Side and chin whiskers brownish, not conspicuously 
different in color from rest of animal. 

Underparts, including inner side of legs and arms, 
blackish, widely diffused. 


Skull and teeth—I have been unable to find any characters by 
which to distinguish the skulls or teeth of the gibbons of one part of 
Borneo from those of another part of the island. 

Measurements.—For external and cranial measurements of the 
type and series see table, page 144. 

Specimens examined.—Ten, from various localities in southwestern 
Borneo. (For exact localities see table of measurements, p. 144.) 

Remarks.—The gibbons of Borneo, as shown by Doctor Abbott’s 
specimens, are all closely related, as is indicated in part by the lack 
of distinguishing characters in the skulls. Hylobates leuciscus, while 
very different in coloration from H. miillerz, is evidently not distantly 
removed. It possesses a light-colored forehead band and shows a 
darkening of the fingers and toes, but none of the specimens show an 
indication of the dark crown patch. It is not improbable that some- 
where in Borneo the two forms intergrade. Doctor Abbott failed to 
indicate from which side of the Kapuas River his specimens were 
taken, but they probably came from the north bank, so that the 
Kapuas serves as a barrier between the two forms, as it does in the 
case of the prevostit group of squirrels. Intergradation should be 
looked for in the interior of the island near the sources of the Kapuas. 


144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. 


Measurements of gibbons. 


rs 

= S 

i, g Slee 

. a 

cad med a= o 
Cata- J So | 3 | ae 
Name. Locality. logue Sex. Age. Ore ace q E a S 
No. =) |/ op 2 13s 

soo |) ees q 3 les 

a & =) a) ° 

oa | | a 8 |e 

be 3 Os ici 

SS ne 1 ae Sole 

m | a = ~Q N | 
mm.|mm.| kilos.| mm. | mm. | mm 
H. m. albrbarbis.| Matan River... .|3145327 | Male....} Old.......-...- 462 | 144] 5.8 | 75.3 | 71.5 | 32.3 
WOss sesso |ecek Coster ares 145329 |). - do... - Nearly adult...) 460 | 150 | 5.4 | 72.3 | 64.0 | 32.6 
Dose sar sa|lee os donsttesnses 145328 | Female .} Adult......... 497 | 149 | 6.1] 79.6 | 68.2 |437.8 
ID Oss ae Sukadana....... 145326 af ad Oleees| ase ae Gone eres 465 | 148] 5.9 | 68.8} 66.3 | 31.4 
Doweeessets Batu Jurong....| 153796 | Male....|....- dott 468 | 137] 4.9] 72.7 | 65.5 | 30.0 
DOS 22 clos GOs ajaes ener 5379S eed Onsnee Olds eee eee 470 | 145 | 6.0 | 74.2 | 66.2 | 30.4 
Doe sess eers Gh Sobsk sane 153797 | Female .} Young adult..| 465 | 145] 6.8 | 70.3 | 69.2 | 31.9 
1D Ya ede Se eee doze veces 153799 |...do..... AGulte ss eeee 480 | 147] 6.5 | 72.3 | 66.9 | 31.6 
Doves a. Kendawan gan | 153800 | Male....]..... dors ieee 475 | 146] 6.5 | 76.0} 74.0 | 34.2 

River. 
DOR fete el eee: dorsstioc-ce 153801 | Female .] Old........... 480 | 148] 6.2 | 75.3 | 73.2 | 31.3 
H. m. miilleri. .| Klumpang Bay .| 151832 | Male....| Adult......... 470 | 188 | 5.0} 70.9 | 68.0 | 31.5 
Dorsze rere ee doses 151834 does Olds Ss 510 | 158 | 6.8 | 80.7 | 71.9 | 33.8 
1D Xoyse ee ee | eee Goseiacacens 151835 Gor zeas| eer dOs-nemeee 460 | 138 | 5.0] 72.3 | 64.6 | 32.2 
DOF eae Ace. dosha. ties 151833 | Female Adultosuseee ee 470 | 144 5.8 | 72.8 | 68.9 | 32.0 
Dore aes GO Meeise cece 15US360 |e ed Oseese| seco Oe eases 465 | 185] 4.6] 72.0 | 66.7 | 32.9 
Dore or ss Pangkallahan | 151837 | Male....|..... doses 485 | 143] 5.2] 75.0] 70.5 | 35.0 
River. 
DOS ase eee eee doesent 151838 | Female .| Young adult..| 470 | 140 | 5.9 | 70.8 | 66.9 | 31.2 
Dore aecoalececs dows oe: TDUSSON Aad os ee see dove ince 388 | 130] 3.3 | 63.0 | 68.7 | 29.0 
DO Ses ee Pasir River..... 54360 Em Osea | eae Coe sane! 435 | 185] 4.2 | 65.1 | 63.7 | 28.2 
DOr sseence Belk Papan | 154370 | Male....| Adult.........| 440 | 185 | 5.2 | 68.0 | 70.4 | 29.4 
ay. 

DOr ease eee GO wsiesssee 154371 | Female .|_..-. doeesa yas 470 | 140] 5.4 | 74.5 | 66.2 | 31.3 
Doe se Seale apes dowasees pe 154372022 does. Olde ce aaa 450 | 143 | 5.4 | 72.0 | 68.5 | 33.2 
Doss seta es has doses 154373) [Seed o seers |aanee dona aes 460 | 135] 5.6 | 69.0 | 63.0 | 32.6 


PONGO PYGMZUS PYGMUS (Linneus). 


1763. Simia pygmexus Linnajus, Amcenitates Academice, vol. 6, p. 68. 
1904. Pongo pygmxus pygmexus, Roruscuitp, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1904, 
vol. 2, p. 438. 


1906. Pongo pygmxus pygmexus, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 571, 
December 24, 1907 (26 specimens from the Landak region). 

Orangs are represented by forty-eight specimens from southwest- 
ern Borneo in Doctor Abbott’s recent collections, sixteen as skins 
and skulls and the remainder as skulls obtained from the natives. 
(For a list of specimens with the exact localities see table, p. 145. 
Immature or imperfect specimens among the skulls obtained from 
natives are not included in the table). No orangs were obtained in 
southeastern Borneo, Doctor Abbott remarking, ‘There are no 
orang-utans. They do not occur south of the Mahakam (also 
Mehakam, Mehakkam, or Koetei, Kutei, Koti) River,> but are said 
to be common to the northward of it.”’ 

I have been unable to discover any differences between orangs 
from the Landak River region and those from southwestern Borneo. 
In fact, it is with great difficulty that I have been able to find any 


1 Collector’s measurements. 

? Collector’s weight in pounds, computed to kilograms. 

3 Type. 

‘This specimen has a tooth posterior to m3 on both right and left sides, and posterior to ms on left side. 
The supernumerary teeth are well developed and functional, each about half the size of the tooth in front. 


® This river is not shown on the map, p. 57, but lies about as far north of Balik Papan Bay as the 
Pasir River is south. 


no. 1809. 


MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 


145 


tangible differences between the orangs of northern Sumatra! and 
those from western Borneo. This difficulty is no doubt due in part 
to the bulkiness of the specimens and the resulting inability to get 
a view of both series as a whole, as can so readily be done with 
small mammals in a tray. The Bornean orangs, however, appear 
to be slightly larger externally and cranially; to be lacking nails on 
the great toes almost entirely; to have a less conspicuous beard; 
and to possess less hair about the head and neck generally. 

Illustrations of the head of a freshly killed male, and the entire 
body, and of the head of a freshly killed female are shown on plates 


5, 6, and 7. 


Measurements of orangs. 


1Lyon Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, p. 676, September 14, 1908. 


2 Collector’s measurements. 
3 Collector’s measurements in pounds and quarters computed to kilograms. 
4m3 not included. 
6 “Tn rigor mortis, impossible te measure.’’ 


6“ Teeth unusually small.’”’ 


76 Fat.” 
8“ Gutted.” 


80796°—~Proe.N.M.vol.40—11—10 


6 
o 
Ee 
£ 
Cata- | 0 
Sex and age. Locality. logue | $6 
No. ag 
a) 
] 
5 
o 
=) 
6) 
mm. 
Male, adult.........- Semandang River..| 145301 | 1,410 
Male, young, m3 not | Sempang River....} 145303 | 1,055 
visible. 
Male adult... 0.22|2- 252 O (OR Paes 145304 () 
Male, adult, rather old) Matan River..-.-.. 145305 | 1,400 
Male, young, m not | .-.... Ch see ee 145307 | 1,150 
through alveolus. 
Maeva dilt sees eso... 2. dOse un. sakes = sec LASS ON tare 
Male, adult, rather old) Semandang River. .| 145313 |....... 
Malevadultz se. see cee|s-655 (0 [oe ee W453 TAN ee ee 
OM eee Be) Sempang River....] 145316 |......-. 
Male, adult, rather old)... .- Ges eee ese GRIP ee ee 
Malevadulteses. 228.| 04.2 dos..citeuen ee 14 5S1Sh|eooseee 
Male, adult, rather | Kendawangan | 153806 |....... 
young. River. 
Ca nSepanaseadaas eee GOS ws iccseises gee P5880 7 ee ceeee 
Malevadulteo sac. os |ee ee Gowaseen ste tase T5S86s Meee 
OM Mees i Nae On eaten es 153823 | 1,390 
Male, adult, rather | Mambuluh River. -| 153827 |....... 
young. 
Female, adult......-. Sempang River....} 145300 |.-...-. 
[DOr eee eee Semandang River..| 145302 |......- 
DOES scents Hates Matan River....... 145306 } 1,160 
1D aps pee ete Sie ti te Sempang River....] 145308 | 1,200 
WOrm eens cbse eee c doses ates IV GRO) eoaeer 
DOR ey sepetye is Se Semandang River. .| 145315 |.-....- 
DONS ER oo LEY Sempang River. ...| 145320 |......- 
DORE Seen Se aes Caer GOs eee 145320 be eee 
WORSE ors Someone Batu Jurong....... 153805 | 1,160 
1D0)5 oneness Kendawangan | 153809 |-...... 
River. 
IDO 2s See ee eee GO ee iscinses caer LDS RUSH eee e ee 
Sane) oault, rather Seats Gos soscee sees 153820] = 55-22 
old. 
Female, young, m3|..... GOse suse ss occ GSH PALA) ease ae 
not through alveo- 
lus. 
Female, adult........}..... GOR isce ce cee 153822 | 1,065 
Female, young, m3 |..... COS AareeAcr sae 153824 | 1,200 
level with alveolus. 
Female, adult.......- Mambuluh River. .| 153828 |....-... 


| Head and body.? 


| Hind foot.2 
| Weight.3 


mm.| mm.| kilos 


| Basilar length of skull. 


mm. 
168 
124 


| Zygomatic width. 


Mastoid width. 


Upper toothrow, ir2lud- 
ing canine (alveoli). 


. ~ 
4/3 
6 |e 
+= |%& 
3 iq 
E ° 
a i332 
Oo |s6 
n |Ar 
= |, 
a8 
oo! 
AE ES 
= |e 

-| + 

-| + 
ui 

ae 

+ 

on 

a), aF 
nese) Se 
aetsiat ats 
~64|| 
Sace|| ar 
ae | sa 
See el ae 
= 
see 
+ 


146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


en ———— 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


Puate 1. 
(About one-third natural size. ) 
Figs. 1 and 3. Skull of type of Muntiacus rubidus, Cat. No. 151863, U.S.N.M., Pamu- 
kang Bay, southeastern Borneo, p. 73. 
2 and 4. Skull of Muntiacus pleiharicus, Cat. No. 154384, U.S.N.M., Pamukang 
Bay, southeastern Borneo, p. 71. 


PLATE 2. 
(About one-third natural size.) 
Fig. 1. Skull of Muntiacus pleiharicus, Cat. No. 154384, U.S.N.M., Pamukang Bay, 
southeastern Borneo, p. 71. 
. Skull of type of Muntiacus rubidus, Cat. No. 151863, U.S.N.M., Pamukang 
Bay, southeastern Borneo, p. 73. 
PLATE 3. 
(About one-fourth natural size. ) 
Antlers of Bornean muntjacs collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in southwestern 
Borneo. 


Fic. 1. Cat. No. 153772, U.S.N.M., Kendawangan River. 
2. Cat. No. 153762, U.S.N.M., Kendawangan River. 
3. Cat. No. 153756, U.S.N.M., Kendawangan River. 
4. Cat. No. 15376 33 U.S.N.M., Kendawangan River. 
5. Cat. No. 145364, U.S.N.M., Sempang River. 
6. Cat. No. 153766, U.S.N.M., Kendawangan River. 
7. Cat. No. 153764, US.N.M., Kendawangan River. 


PLATE 4. 


Squirrels of the Sciurus prevostii group collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the 
Bornean mainland (slightly more than one-fourth natural size; reproduced directly 
from the specimens), pp. 79 to 81. 

Fie. 1. Sciurus borneoensis palustris, adult male, Cat. No. 142331, U.S.N.M., Kapuas 

River, north bank near mouth, western Borneo, September 23, 1905. 

2. Sciurus bornecoensis bornecensis, adult male, Cat. No. 142308, U.S.N.M., Kapuas 
River, north bank, at Sanggau, western Borneo, August 25, 1905. 

3. Sciurus sanggaus, adult female, Cat. No. 142328, U.S.N.M., Kapuas River, 
south bank, September 20, 1905. 

4, Sciurus atricapillus, adult female, Cat. No. 154292, U.S.N.M., Balik Papan 
Bay, southeastern Borneo, February 19, 1909. 


PLATE 5. 


Head of a freshly killed adult male Bornean orang utan, photographed by Dr. 


W. L. Abbott, p. 144. 
PuLate 6. 


Freshly killed adult male Bornean orang utan, photographed by Dr. W. L. Abbott, 
p. 144. 


PLATE 7. 


Head of a freshly killed adult female Bornean orang utan, photographed by Dr. 
W. L. Abbott, p. 144. 


“Of | 39Wd 33S 3Lv1d 40 NOILWNY1dx]a HOY 


“SOVPLNNIA, NVANYHOG JO S171NXS 


lL “Id OF “OA ‘SONIGSS00Hd WNASNW TIVNOILVN ‘S ‘N 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 2 


SKULLS OF BORNEAN MUNTJACS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 146, 


MN War.” 


sist i terk ig 


Sea 


“Op| 39vd 39S 31V1d 4O NOILVNV1dx3 YHO4 


“SOVPLNAIA) NVANYOG 4O SHATLNY 


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dNOYD IILSOABZYd SNYNIOS AHL 4O STSYYINOS 


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om = 

- 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 7 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


U. S. 


FEMALE BORNEAN ORANG UTAN. 


146. 


PLATE SEE PAGE 


N OF 


R EXPLANATK 


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F 


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NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF MILLIPEDS IN SOUTH- 
ERN TEXAS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA 
AND SPECIES FROM TEXAS, ARIZONA, MEXICO, AND 
COSTA RICA. 


By O. F. Coox, 
Of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. 


DISTRIBUTION OF MILLIPEDS IN SOUTH TEXAS. 


The millipeds and other primitive types of humus-inhabiting 
arthropoda constitute a living summary of the biological conditions 
and history of the soil. The environmental limitations of the milli- 
peds render this group of animals especially interesting from the 
standpoint of geographical distribution. It is impossible for these 
creatures to exist or to extend their distribution over areas where 
there are no accumulations of humus or other vegetable débris that 
can retain a permanent supply of moisture. As these animals are 
unable to fly, or even to run with rapidity, and can not endure 
exposure to extremes of light, heat, or drought, they afford unusually 
direct evidence regarding the earlier extension of forests or other 
conditions that would determine their geographical distribution. 

Attention has been called in a previous publication to the persist- 
ence of tropical types of humus-inhabiting organisms in certain 
localities in south Texas, as an evidence of permanent moisture in 
the soil. The existence of such oases of permanently moist humus in 
regions where desert conditions otherwise appear so nearly universal 
has been taken to indicate a much greater extension of forest growth 
in south Texas in former times. Without assuming a previous 
extension of forest conditions it is difficult to imagine how animals 
that require permanently moist humus could have reached the isolated 
localities where they now exist.! 

Reference was made in a previous paper to a spot a little to the 
northeast of the town of Falfurrias, Texas, as one of these oases where 
the existence of permanent moisture had made possible the survival of 


1Change of Vegetation on the South Texas Prairies, Circular No. 14, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. Ss. 
Department of Agriculture, 1908. 


PRocEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1810. 
147 


148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


several very small and delicate humus-inhabiting creatures, such as 
Scolopendrella, Pauropus, Japyx, and Campodea. The finding of a 
relatively large tropical milliped (Hurelus, new genus, order Anocheta) 
in the same locality, may be taken to indicate that permanent moisture 
has not beenconfined to the lower layers of thesoil, but has existed prac- 
tically on the surface. Though these larger millipeds are undoubtedly 
able to endure much more exposure to dry air than the smaller and 
more delicate types mentioned above, they can hardly be expected 
to survive any such complete exposure as would follow the destruction 
of all the forest growth. The more minute animals are able to crawl 
into small cracks and interstices, and thus take advantage of any 
moisture that exists, even at considerable depths. The evidence of 
continuous humidity is strengthened by the finding of relatively large 
species of millipeds that remain nearer to the surface. 

These facts indicate that some of the present forest growth in the 
vicinity of Falfurrias is not of recent origin, but may represent a rem- 
nant of earlier and more continuous forests. There is a rather densely 
wooded area to the northeast of Falfurrias, consisting of a slight 
depression where the water collects after rains and stands in small 
pools long enough apparently to prevent the growth of grasses, and 
thus to give protection against the prairie fires that might otherwise 
have destroyed the woody growth and obliterated the last traces of 
the millipeds and other humus-inhabiting types of animal life. 

The existence of any form of arthropod life in the souls of south 
Texas is in striking contrast with the black-land prairies farther 
north, those that form the so-called “hog wallows.” The soil of the 
black-land prairies is remarkably devoid of life of any sort; even the 
agricultural ants are unable to occupy the typical black-land prairie. 
The soil cracks during drought to the depth of several feet, and 
then dissolves into a very adhesive, pasty mud when the rain comes. 
Delicate animals would find no protection in drought, and the more 
hardy would be drowned or smothered in their burrows in times of 
floods. One group of large heavily armored millipeds of the order 
Diplocheta is able to live in deserts of west Texas and Arizona by 
virtue of their habit of burrowing, taking advantage also of the deep 
excavations of the burrowing rodents that are so abundant in the 
deserts. 

The preservation of even a remnant of permanent forest in such a 
place as Falfurrias under present climatic conditions might not 
strike the observer as being at all probable, were it not for the con- 
crete evidence afforded by the existence of these animals. Local 
opinion declares that this district has become distinctly drier in the 
last twenty years. Surface wells and pools that were formerly relied 
upon to furnish permanent supplies of water for stock have completely 
dried out, in the last decade, over a considerable section. This has 


No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COOK. 149 


been ascribed, of course, to a deficiency of rainfall, though there are no 
records to establish the fact, and other factors may be responsible. 

The extension of grazing and the limitations of forest fires has 
allowed woody vegetation to spread in recent years over large tracts 
of land that were formerly covered with heavy growths of grass. It 
is known that little water, relatively speaking, enters the naked sur- 
faces of the soil when the land is occupied by the usual sparse growth 
of mesquite, prickly pear, and other desert vegetation. The formerly 
more heavy and general growth of grass may have afforded more 
favorable conditions for holding water on the surface and allowing it 
to soak gradually into the soil. With ordinary gentle rains the effect 
of grass is, of course, to keep the soil dry, but with the very heavy 
rains that come occasionally in south Texas, nearly level grass-cov- 
ered areas might be expected to hold the water longer than denuded 
surfaces, and give it a better opportunity to penetrate to the lower 
layers of the soil. 

The recent open growth of mesquite probably represents the most 
unfavorable condition for the retention of water in the soil. With 
sufficiently old and abundant forest growth to accumulate fallen 
timber and other débris, obstacles to drainage would be formed and the 
earth would be shaded from the sun. Conditions would again be- 
come more favorable to the retention of permanent moisture, and 
many areas would eventually change from naked deserts into humid 
forests or swamps. Tendencies in this direction begin to appear 
in the region of Brownsville. The finding of another new genus of 
tropical millipeds near Brownsville serves as an additional indica- 
tion that present tendencies are only a return toward a former con- 
dition of much more abundant forest growth in south Texas. 

The rapidity with which these prairies are now being covered with 
woody vegetation is a further indication that the previous treeless 
condition did not represent the natural state of the country, but 
might be ascribed to the same agencies that have exterminated for- 
ests in many parts of Mexico and Central America. Lands that have 
been cleared by the natives for agricultural purposes eventually 
become occupied by perennial grasses that put an end to agriculture, 
as practiced by primitive Indian methods. The burning of accumu- 
lations of dead grass kills young trees and thus hinders or prevents 
the extension of forests. Large areas that are naturally well adapted 
to forests have been gradually denuded into artificial deserts or 
erassy fire-swept tracts, now quite unoccupied by human inhabitants, 
and more or less completely devoid of millipeds and other humus- 
inhabiting types of arthropoda. 

On the other hand, many areas now covered with heavy growth do 
not represent truly virgin or primeval forests. The absence or scarce 
representation of the humus-inhabiting animals shows that many 


150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Ge ee 
forests are of relatively recent growth. Such indications can be sup- 
ported by evidence drawn from other groups of biological facts.* 


DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. 


The two new millipeds that are to be described from south Texas 
belong to the order Anocheta, but are only remotely related to the 
other members of this group previously known from more northern 
and eastern localities as species of the old cosmopolitan genus Spiro- 
bolus. Texas is not lacking in native species of Spirobolus or Arcto- 
bolus, as the dominant eastern genus of this group has now been 
named, but these belong to the temperate fauna and are not to be 
considered in this paper. 

With a single exception of the genus Onychelus, described a few 
years ago from the Colorado desert, the relatives of the new types are 
found only in Mexico and Central America, whence three additional 
new genera are recognized. Study of some further material of the 
previously established genus Onychelus has also resulted in the 
description of three more species from Arizona. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA TREATED IN THIS PAPER. 


First segment not emarginate behind the antenne....--.-- Genus Anelus, new, p. 160. 
First segment broadly emarginate on each side, behind the antennz......-.---- 


Anal valves with prominent compressed, elevated margins. 
Genus Glosselus, new, p. 163. 
Anal valves with depressed beveled margins, meeting in a groove.....-..----- 


First segment not margined with raised ridges. _Genus Cyclothyrophorus Pocock, p. 160. 
First segment with a distinct raised ridge bordering the lateral corners and 
emarpinations.-c.52-<2--<--4o- 202 -2¢- <2 2 aoe = ce aia 


Striations of posterior segments few, produced obliquely upward into sharp 
BPINGBS: | ocak mele Sete sean nents cae Genus Centrelus, new, p. 154. 
Striations numerous, not produced into spines...-.-.------------+++-+-++++-+++- 


Coxe of third legs of male with a long, retrorse process. . ..Genus Eurelus, new, p. 151. 
Coxe of third legs of male unarmed.......------------ Genus Onychelus Cook, p. 157. 


The last four genera, characterized by the depressed margins of the 
anal valves, undoubtedly constitute a natural group, but the affinities 
of Anelus and Glosselus are still uncertain. They are not closely 
related to the other American genera, unless it be with the widespread 
tropical genus T'rigoniulus Pocock. Nor can it be insisted that Anelus 
and Glosselus have any very close affinity with each other, though 
Glosselus seemed to be the nearest relative of Anelus available for com- 
parison at the time the description was drawn. 


1 Vegetation Affected by Agriculture in Central America, Bulletin 145, Bureau of Plant Industry, 
U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1909. 


No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COOK. 151 
> ee 


EURELUS, new genus. 


Type.—Eurelus soleatus, a new species from south Texas. 

Diagnosis.—More nearly related to Onychelus than to any other 
recognized genus. Differs in the much greater size and more fusi- 
form shape of the body, in having the anterior legs of the males armed 
with large coxal processes, but without enlarged claws, and in the 
very different structure of the copulatory legs. 

Description.—Body rather large and robust, about nine times as 
long as broad, subfusiform in outline, gradually narrowed in front 
and more abruptly behind, especially the last five segments. 

Antenne moderately robust, not clavate; second joint longest; 
joimts 3-5 subequal; joint 6 somewhat shorter and narrower than 
joint 5. Antenne not inserted under the first segment, but accom- 
modated by a large lateral depression of the head and the mandibulary 
stipe. In comparison with Onychelus the antenne appear more slen- 
der, and the sixth joint does not appear to be reduced in that genus. 
Olfactory cones four in both genera. 

Kyes of over 40 closely clustered, flattened ocelli, arranged in seven 
or eight rows. 

First segment rather strongly emarginate on each side behind the 
antenne and the somewhat prominent posterior corner of the 
mandibulary stipe. Lateral angle acute, with a prominent, thick- 
ened anterior margin. The groove that bounds the margin remains 
very distinct as far up as the middle of the eye and then suddenly dis- 
appears. Second segment not produced below the somewhat pro- 
jecting angle of the first segment. 

Segments of middle of body with only a slight and rather indistinct 
constriction between the midbelt and the hindbelt. Forebelt with 
very fine and somewhat broken striations extending slightly beyond 
the very indistinct anterior suture. Midbelt and hindbelt marked on 
the surface with the same minute punctations, but somewhat more 
numerous on the midbelt. Posterior suture usually indicated by a 
fine superficial striation. Median suture indicated by a very fine and 
indistinct striation, not grooved on the hindbelt as in Onychelus. 
Ventral striations beginning well below the pores, especially on pos- 
terior segments; extending farther up on the midbelt than on the 
hindbelt, but more irregular and passing below into a fine reticu- 
lation; all these ventral markings much more distinct than in 
Onychelus. 

Repugnatorial pores inconspicuous, located above the middle of the 
segments, though hardly as far above as in Onychelus; on or in con- 
tact with posterior suture, usually below the lateral suture, but in con- 
tact with it or nearly so, the suture being sometimes slightly sinuate 
above the pore. The pores of the sixth segment are distinctly lower 


152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


down than those of the seventh and subsequent segments and are dis- 
tinctly separated from the lateral suture. The aperture of the pore is 
not surrounded by a raised rim, and the lateral suture is not marked 
by a distinct groove behind the pore as in Onychelus. In Onychelus 
the pore is set in a distinct depression and there often appears to be a 
rim or a minute papilla in the depression. 

Supplementary margin shorter than in Onychelus and the surface 
apparently plain, instead of longitudinally grooved or fluted. With 
suflicient magnification very fine longitudinal striations appear, and 
a fringe of minute needle-like teeth. 

Pleural sutures indistinct, indicated only by a slight imterruption or 
ereater irregularity of the reticular striations. 

Sterna subquadrate, but distinctly broader in front; surface with 
distinct close striations, not reaching the ventral sutures. The stria- 
tions are much more distinct and more numerous than in Onychelus, 
and the sutures are not so nearly parallel as in that genus. Spiracles 
set in distinct excavations. 

Last segment very short, with a short broadly rounded apex, 
slightly exceeded by the anal valves. 

Anal valvesstrongly and evenly convex, not thickened nor prominent 
along the margins which meet in a broad groove. Surface rather 
coarsely wrinkled, instead of smooth and shining, as in Onychelus. 
Preanal scale very broadly and evenly rounded, as in Onychelus, the 
surface rugose like the valves. 

Males with claws of anterior legs not specially enlarged as in 
Onychelus, except the first three pairs. The next four pairs have the 
claws reduced, smaller than those of the segments behind the gono- 
pods. 

Coxe of third pair of legs of male produced into very long flattened 
appendages with a sharp double curve near the middle, ending in 
heavily chitinized shoe-shaped process. 

Coxe of fourth, fifth, and sixth pairs of legs of male produced into 
much shorter, flattened, thin-edged processes, bent backward and 
covered by the long process of the third legs. 

Coxe of sixth pair of legs of male with broad, thick subquadrate 
straight processes which project behind the ends of the long processes 
of the third legs. 

Coleopods with ventral plate produced in the middle into a very 
broadly triangular-quadrate process with a very short, broadly 
angular apex greatly exceeded by the abruptly produced median 
corners of the strongly transverse anterior lobes, which completely 
conceal the posterior lobes, as well as the gonopods, both of which are 
distinctly exposed from in front in Onychelus. 

Gonopods ending in a short, expanded, concave, somewhat hand- 
shaped process, not in a recurved bidentate spine as in Onychelus. 


No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COOK. 153 


Coalesced pleure of seventh segment of male crossed by a relatively 
slight, straight ridge, not carried up into a fold-like, arcuate crest, as 
in Onychelus. 

The narrowing of the first segment at the sides in Furelus and 
Onychelus does not result from a change in the anterior margin, which 
is much the same as in Arctobolus. The principal difference lies in the 
much straighter posterior margin of Hurelus which does not curve 
back from the lateral angle of the segment, as in Arctobolus, but passes 
directly upward. 

EURELUS SOLEATUS, new species. 


Type.—Cat. No. 801, U. S. National Museum. Collected at Fal- 
furrias, Starr County, Texas, August, 1906, by O. F. Cook. 

Length of male about 65 mm., width nearly 8 mm. Number of 
segments 48. ; 

Color in life, dull olive brown with somewhat grayish posterior 
margins, not at all reddish or yellowish, as in Arctobolus. On being 
placed in alcohol the dark bands appear darker and the light bands 
lighter, and the contrast accordingly much greater, as though black 
and pale yellow. 

With age the alcoholic specimens become very dark, blackish-green, 
with the margins of the segments paler, and appearing yellowish or 
brownish if the specimens begin to dry out. The first segment and 
the dorsal part of the last segment appear distinctly paler than the 
others, both in the fluid and out. 

Clypeal foveole five on each side, sometimes only four; surface of 
clypeus and vertex with rather remote, irregularly scattered wrinkles, 
otherwise smooth and shining. 

HKyes rounded-polygonal, 48 or 44 ocelli, arranged in nearly vertical, 
somewhat curved rows, counted as follows, beginning at the back: 
6,7, 8, 7,6,6,4. In the other eye of the same specimen the arrange- 
ment of the ocelli seemed to be 5, 6, 7, 7, 7, 6, 4, 1. In an eye of 
Onychelus obustus the ocelli were counted in rows of 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 3. 

First segment with three or four short irregular striations above the 
lateral angle, not present in Onychelus obustus. 'The angle is more 
pointed than in Onychelus, and the anterior thickened margin is 
broader and more prominent and also more distinctly sinuate because 
of the deeper emargination. 

Second segment with a distinct raised flange along the anterior 
ventral margin, but not nearly so prominent as in Onychelus. 

Surface of segments with a rather dull luster, minutely punctate 
over all the exposed surface, but somewhat more on the midbelt than 
on the hindbelt, which becomes slightly more prominent on the sides 
and below, and may then have the surface roughened by indistinct 
granules or by irregular shallow, seal-like depressions, above the 
regular ventral striations. 


154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Last segment punctate like the others except along the margins, 
where it tends to become rugulose like the anal valves. The very 
much shortened and narrowed segments at the end of the body are 
also more minutely and indistinctly punctate. 

The anal valves are both punctate and rugose, the prominent 
wrinkles being marked very often with distinct punctations. 

The same number of the segments, 48, was counted in four normal 
individuals. A fifth specimen had only 47 segments and one of these, 
the ninth, was distinctly shorter than its neighbors and was fused 
with the tenth for a short distance; near the middle of the back. 

The repugnatorial secretion appeared unusually abundant and was 
exuded very promptly, as soon as the animals were caught. Numer- 
ous specimens were found crawling about on damp ground in a field 
of sorghum a short distance to the northeast of the village of Fal- 
furrias, Starr County, Texas. The species is evidently rare, or at 
least not generally distributed, even in the immediate vicinity, for 
no more specimens have been found in many subsequent visits that 
have been made to the same neighborhood. 

Single individuals of Hurelus have been found in two other locali- 
ties in south Texas, one collected near San Antonio by Mr. W. P. 
Carr and another at Moore, Frio County, about 40 miles southwest 
of San Antonio, by Mr. F. L. Lewton. 


A NEW GENUS FROM MEXICO, RELATED TO EURELUS. 


The U. S. National Museum contains four specimens of a small 
milliped labeled as Spirobolus nietanus, Guanajuato, Mexico, prob- 
ably identified by Bollman. 

These specimens are of interest as very near relatives of Hurelus. 
Though hardly to be reckoned as members of the same genus, the 
agreement is more complete than with any other type thus far 
known. The form of the copulatory apparatus is much the same 
and the third legs of the male are provided with coxal processes. 
The following diagnosis and description refer mostly to the features 
in which this Mexican type appears to diverge from Hurelus. 


CENTRELUS, new genus. 


Type.—Centrelus falcatus, a new species from Guanajuato, Mexico. 

Diagnosis.—Closely related to Eurelus. Differs in having the 
body smaller, more slender and more cylindrical, the sterna nar- 
rower, and the ventral striations very few and subtended by large 
curved spines, especially on the posterior half of the body. 

Description.—Body rather small and slender, ten or twelve times 
as long as broad, cylindrical, slightly wider in front, narrowed rather 
gradually behind. 


No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COOK. 155 


First segment with the thickened anterior edge slightly emarginate 
near the somewhat rounded lateral angle, and limited by a deep, 
shightly sinuate groove. Posterior edge not emarginate, marked 
with three or four short strictions like those of the other segments. 

Segments of middle of body with no distinct constriction. Fore- 
belt with very fine, indistinct striations not extending beyond the 
anterior suture except below. Midbelt and hindbelt nearly smooth, 
the hindbelt not thickened nor convex. Posterior and median sutures 
indicated by very fine superficial striations, especially the median. 
Ventral striations very few and remote, not ascending more than 
half way to the pores, even on posterior segments. The surface 
is very prominent below each of the first four or five striations and 
the angle of the prominence is produced into a sharp upcurved 
spine, especially on the segments behind the middle of the body. 
The spined striations are interrupted at the posterior suture instead 
of passing over to join a reticular ornamentation of the midbelt 
as in Hurelus. Only the pleurz have the fine close longitudinal stria- 
tions of the usual sort. 

Repugnatorial pores very minute, set in distinct depressions 
above the middle of the segments, distinctly behind the posterior 
suture, and unusually close to the margin of the segment. Lateral 
suture usually indicated by a very fine groove behind the pore; seldom 
indicated on midbelt but very distinct on forebelt and interrupting 
the concentric striations. 

Supplementary margin short, minutely pectinate along the edge. 

Pleural suture very distinct along the forebelt and midbelt, not 
indicated on the hindbelt; surface of pleurze with very obscure, 
transverse striz and reticulations in front, longitudinally striate 
behind. 

Sterna quadrate, scarcely broader than long, but the sutures dis- 
tinctly excurved near the anterior corners; rather closely covered with 
obscure striations. Spiracles situated in front of a small depression. 

Last segment very short, the broadly rounded apex distinctly 
exceeded by the very convex anal valves. 

Males with claws of the anterior legs distinctly reduced, but the 
first two pairs with strong claws. 

Coxee of third pair of legs of male with large strongly chitinized 
processes abruptly geniculate near the base and then prolonged into 
a recurved falcate armature. 

Coxe of legs 4, 5, and 6 with large flattened obliquely truncate 
processes, the outer corner slightly produced and the inner provided 
with a small narrow, abruptly incurved branch. The same legs 
have the second and especially the third joints swollen into conical 
prominences on the lower side. 

Coxe of seventh pair of legs with a simple triengular-conic process, 
longer and thicker than those of the preceding legs. 


156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Coleopods with ventral plate very large, subquadrate, occupying 
more than half of the anterior surface, but rather poorly chitinized; 
margin nearly transverse, slightly angled in the middle, but not 
produced. Anterior lobes broadly and deeply emarginate, the 
mesial corners produced, much as in Furelus, but broader and dis- 
tinctly curved outward. Posterior lobes also somewhat broader 
and stronger than in Lurelus. 

Gonopods very small and deeply retracted. 

Coalesced pleurz of the seventh segment of male forming a very 
deep sinus behind and with the anterior face carried up into a narrow 
transverse ridge much more prominent than in Hurelus. 


CENTRELUS FALCATUS, new species. 


Type.—Cat. No. 800, U.S. National Museum, Guanajuato, Mexico. 

Length of male about 38 mm., width about 3 mm.; female about 
42 mm. by 4.5 mm. 

Color in alcohol dull olive or grayish green, the segments with a 
pale posterior margin behind an equally short black band. Antenne 
and legs of the same color as the segments, but the head and last 
segment somewhat paler. 

Clypeal foveole 4 on each side, at nearly equal distances; outer 
pair located on the lower margin of the clypeus. Surface of clypeus 
and vertex smooth, except for slight depressions and a few fine 
irregular striations. 

Kyes somewhat oval or trapezoidal, of over 40 ocelli counted in 
eight nearly vertical rows from the back toward the antenne, 4, 5, 
6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 3, or in 7 obliquely transverse rows from above down- 
ward 3, 5, 7, 8, 7, 6, 5. 

First segment with the anterior emargination not so broad and 
deep as in Furelus soleatus, the marginal ridge broader and the 
lateral angle more rounded, not projecting below the second segment 
as in Hurelus. 

Second segment with the anterior margin decurved, much as in 
Eurelus. 

Surface of segments nearly smooth, shining with a dull luster, 
very finely and indistinctly punctate and longitudinally striate above; 
lateral and ventral striations very short, confined to the hindbelt; 
surface convex below each striation. Segments behind the middle 
of the body have the striations remote, only three or four on each 
side, and produced into distinct sharp spines, curving obliquely 
upward. Several of the posterior sezments have the spines reduced. 

Last segment smooth, the apex very broadly triangular-rounded, 
distinctly exceeded by the strongly convex smooth anal valves. 
Preanal scale very broadly rounded. 


No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COOK. 157 


Four specimens were examined, a male being selected as type. 
All four were in a broken condition, so that the proportions of the 
body and the numbers of segments could not be stated with certainty, 
though the matching of the pieces allowed the same number of seg- 
ments to be counted in all four cases. 

This species is evidently very distinct from Spirobolus nictanus 
Saussure, which Pocock has recently transferred to his genus 
Cyclothyrophorus. 

Genus ONYCHELUS Cook. 


Onychelus Coox, Myriapoda of Northwestern America, Harriman Expedition, 
p. 67. 

The type of this genus, O. obustus, was from the Colorado desert. of 
California. Specimens now in the National Museum seem to repre- 
sent three additional species of Onychelus from the deserts of Arizona. 
When the original description was drawn Onychelus appeared to have 
no close relatives in the North American fauna. Several points of 
difference between Onychelus and its undiscovered relatives were not 
anticipated in the original description. Several additional peculiari- 
ties of Onychelus have been noted in comparing it with Hurelus, as 
the description of that genus will show. 


ONYCHELUS HOSPES, new species. 


Type.—Cat. No. 803, U. S. National Museum, collected at Tucson, 
Arizona, December 23, 1896, by H. G. Hubbard, in the nest of a rat 
(Neotoma albigula). 

Diagnosis.—Distinect from Onychelus obustus in the smaller size of 
the body and in the position of the transverse constriction of the 
segments. 

Description. Body about 25 mm. long by 2.5 mm. in diameter, 
probably composed of 41 0r42segments. All the specimens are broken 
and may not be fully mature. 

Color nearly black, with pale posterior margins. 

Clypeal foveolz four on each side. 

Eyes composed of about 33 ocelli arranged in an oval cluster of 
seven rows: 3, 6, 6, 6, 5, 4, 3. 

First segment with two or three very short rudimentary striations 
above the lateral angle. The segment is somewhat less strongly 
emarginate in front and with a somewhat broader and less promi- 
nent raised margin. The posterior margin is not so straight as in 
O. obustus, but is distinctly curved forward above the angle. 

Segments very minutely punctate-striate, much more distinctly 
than in O. obustus. Thestriz of the forebelt and ventral surfaces are 
slight and indistinct, much as in O. obustus. The transverse con- 
striction is in the midbelt of the segment, instead of following the 
posterior suture as in O. obustus. This brings the repugnatorial pores 


158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. 


nC nn tI aIEInsnanSnS gyn San Ua 


behind the constriction instead of in front as in O. obustus. The 
hindbelt is also somewhat shorter than in O. obustus, so that the 
repugnatorial pores are brought closer to the posterior margin of the 
segment. The lateral suture is indicated by a fine groove behind 
the pore, but not so pronounced as in O. obustus. 

Last segment somewhat less produced than in O. obustus but the 
apex distinctly angular, instead of being completely rounded off as 
in O. obustus. Penultimate segment very short, the margin scarcely 
exposed. 

Anal valves somewhat more convex and prominent than in O. obus- 
tus, and with a less distinct row of fine hairs along the margin. Pre- 
anal scale thinner and somewhat angular like the apex of the segment. 

Five specimens, three evidently immature and the others possibly 
so. The only complete specimen is a male with 38 segments, but 
only about 12 mm. long. 


ONYCHELUS DENTATUS, new species. 


Type.—Cat. No. 804, U. S. National Museum, collected at Fort 
Huachuea, Arizona, by T. E. Wilcox. Accession No. 26403. 

Diagnosis.—Similar in size and shape to Onychelus obustus, but 
having the lateral angles of the first segment acute and striate, the 
transverse constriction very shallow and indistinct, the pores closer 
to the posterior margin, and the lateral suture not marked by a 
distinct groove. 

Description.—Body about 40 mm. long with a diameter of 4.5 mm., 
composed of 48 segments. 

Color of Blcunohe specimen very deep olive green, nearly black; 
legs and antenne also dark, with a bluish tinge. 

Clypeal foveole five on each side, the outer pair close to the margin 
and smaller than the others. Surface of clypeus with a few irregular 
impressed lines; otherwise evenly convex but scarcely shining. 

Eyes composed of nearly 40 ocelli, arranged in seven rows, counted 
as follows: 4, 6, 6, 7; 7, 4; 2, amd?5,)6,0%,07,)G, p00: 

First segment with the lateral corner acute, more produced than 
in O. obustus or O. hospes, the anterior raised margin more pronounced 
and the posterior margin striate or grooved near the angle like the 
sides of the other segments. The raised margin is carried farther 
back around the corner than in O. obustus and even projects very 
slightly, so that the posterior margin appears slightly emarginate just 
above the corner. 

Segments very minutely and indistinctly punctate-coriaceous on 
the surface, the punctations more distinct than in O. obustus, but 
less distinct and less numerous than in O. hospes. The transverse 
constriction is very slight, but follows the posterior suture, so that 
the pores are in the line of the constriction. The lateral suture is 


No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COOK. 159 


not indicated by a groove behind the pore as in QO. obustus. The 
suture crosses the midbelt in an oblique direction, being turned or 
bent downward to meet the pore, which appears to be set exactly 
at the junction of the sutures. The ventral striations are much more 
pronounced than in QO. obustus, with the ridges running out into 
distinct teeth along the posterior margin. | 

Last segment more produced and more angular at apex than in 
O. obustus, and the surface rugulose-punctate, more distinctly than 
the preceding segments. 

Anal valves somewhat more prominent than in O. obustus, dis- 
tinctly exceeding the apex of the last segment. Surface distinctly 
rugulose-punctate, especially on the sides; margin fringed with a 
row of short hairs. 

Preanal scale broadly rounded, but not thickened as in O. obustus. 

The more angular first segment and the indistinct transverse con- 
strictions are similar to those of the related Texan genus Lurelus. 


ONYCHELUS SUTURATUS, new species. 


Type.—Cat. No. 805, U. S. National Museum, collected at Fort 
Huachuca, Arizona, by T. E. Wilcox. Accession No. 27626. 

Diagnosis.—Similar in size and general appearance to O. dentatus, 
but with the sculpture of the ventral surfaces coarser and more pro- 
nounced and all the sutures marked by superficial grooves. 

Description.—Body about 43 mm. long, 4.6 mm. in transverse 
diameter, and 4.2 mm. in vertical diameter, the segments being 
appreciably depressed. 

Color, very dark green, nearly black. 

Clypeal foveole four on each side, the inner pair very small and 
crowded into the median suture, the next two pairs large and also 
crowded toward the middle. Outer pair very small, near the margin, 
remote from the others. 

Eyes composed of over 40 ocelli arranged in seven rows, 6, 7, 8, 7, 
7, 5, 3, to form nearly circular clusters. 

First segment much as in O. dentatus, but the lateral angles some- 
what more produced and the anterior raised margin distinctly 
narrower. Posterior margin distinctly striate on the sides and also 
distinctly notched just above the corner. 

Segments nearly as smooth as in O. obustus, very finely and irregu- 
larly punctate-coriaceous, but somewhat less than in O. dentatus. 
Transverse constriction very slight, appearing to follow the suture 
on the sides, passing a little in front of the suture above. All the 
sutures, anterior and posterior, median, lateral, pleural and ventral, 
are marked by distinct superficial grooves. The reticulate sculpture 
of the ventral surfaces is coarser and more pronounced than in 
QO. dentatus, although the longitudinal striations are rather less 


160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


accentuated. The anterior transverse and pleural sutures are 
especially well marked and completely interrupt the patterns of the 
superficial network. The pleure are distinctly wider in front, the 
forebelt, being narrowed and shortened below. 

Last segment of much the same shape as in O. dentatus; surface 
of the segment and the valves less rugulose and more distinctly 
punctate. 

Morphological interest warrants the description of the peculiarities 
of this animal, though more abundant material must determine 
whether they have taxonomic importance or not. 


Genus CYGLOTHAYROPHORUS Pocock 
Cyclothyrophorus Pocock, Biologia Centr.-Amer., 1908, p. 83. 


The Mexican genus Cyclothyrophorus, established by Pocock on 
C. salvini from the Mexican State of Guerrero, may belong to the 
same general group as Onychelus and Eurelus. The anal valves have 
the same peculiarity of meeting in a reentering angle or groove, and 
the anterior corners of the first segment are cut away so as to expose 
the sides of the mandibulary stipes. Nevertheless, if the character- 
istics of the type species are taken into account, the genus Cyclothy- 
rophorus appears to be quite distinct from the more northern types. 
The body of (@. salvini is described as slender, less than 3 mm. wide 
and over 12 times aslong. The antenne are crassate, with the second 
and third joints about equal in length. The first segment is ‘ with- 
out trace of a sulcus” to define an anterior margin. Second seg- 
ment ‘projecting below the level of the first.” The coxz of the 
third pair of legs of males are without processes, and the ventral plate 
of the gonopods is not produced, fully exposing the oblong anterior 
lobes. 
The form of the body, the absence of processes from the third pair 
of legs of the males, and the form of the coleopods seem to ally 
Cyclothyrophorus with Onychelus rather than with Eurelus. 


ANELUS, new genus. 


Type.—Anelus reduncus, a new species from south Texas. 

Diagnosis.—Remotely related to Onychelus and Eurelus, but 
readily distinguished by having the first segment very broad, with 
two nearly square lateral corners, the body segments with densely 
reticulate forebelt and coarsely punctate hindbelt, the last seg- 
ment with a produced triangular apex, the anterior male legs with- 
out coxal processes, and the ventral plate of the on legs 
rudimentary. 

Description.—Body rather small and robust, nine or ten times as 
long as broad, cylindrical, slightly thicker in front, rather abruptly 
tapered behind, coiling into a close spiral. 


No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COOX. 161 


Antenne short, subclavate, joint 2 distinctly the longest, joint 1 
next, joints 3-5 subequal, slightly exceeded by 6, about half as long 
as joint 2. Antennz accommodated by a lateral depression of the 
head and mandibulary stipe and partly covered by the wide anterior 
corner of the first segment. Olfactory cones 4. 

Hyes of less than 20 rather prominent ocelli arranged in five rows. 

First segment very broad, not emarginate below the eyes and with 
broad anterior and posterior lateral angles, the latter more rounded, 
the former somewhat produced and with a very broad raised margin. 
Second segment not produced below the first, but crossed by an 
obliquely longitudinal crest parallel with the lower edge of the first 
segment. 

Segments of middle of body with no distinct constriction, the 
hindbelt scarcely more convex than the midbelt. Anterior suture 
usually distinct, the posterior often perceptible as a fine superficial 
striation; median suture often marked by a distinct groove of the 
hindbelt. Forebelt and covered parts of midbelt with very fine 
indistinct irregular striations along the anterior margin, passing into 
a more distinct, very fine reticulation. Exposed parts of midbelt 
beset with deep, coarse punctations, irregular in size and arrange- 
ment. Hindbelt nearly smooth, with a few minute punctations 
and fine longitudinal strie. The more distinct lateral and ventral 
striations are confined to the hindbelt. They begin well below the 
pores on anterior segments, but on posterior segments come up nearly 
to the pores. 

Repugnatorial pores, with slightly raised margins set in distinct 
depressions, slightly below the middle of the segment, on or in front 
of the posterior suture. Lateral suture not indicated on the midbelt, 
but marked by a distinct straight groove crossing the hindbelt and 
sloping slightly upward from the pore, instead of downward like 
the other lateral striations. 

Supplementary margin short, with fine longitudinal striations; 
minutely pectinate with extremely fine-pointed teeth, visible with 
a quarter-inch objective. 

Sterna quadrate, less than twice as broad as long; the lateral 
margins parallel, the anterior distinctly convex; surface with fine 
transverse striations, somewhat irregular and broken. Pleural 
sutures indistinct, indicated by interruption of the surface reticu- 
lation of the midbelt. 

Legs of anterior segments of males not crassate, the claws not 
enlarged. Basal joints rather prominent below, but not distinctly 
produced. 

Posterior segments somewhat abruptly narrowed and shortened, 
especially the two penultimate. Last segment with a thickened, 

80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11—1 


162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


triangular apex projecting for about half its length beyond the 
closed anal valves. | 

Anal valves moderately convex, not thickened nor prominent, the 
edges meeting in a slight groove. Surface nearly smooth. Preanal 
scale short, broadly rounded. 

Coleopods with ventral plate rudimentary, not produced in the 
middle, exposing the whole of the long, subquadrate anterior lobes, 
which are closely approximate along the median line. 

Gonopods rather straight, the projecting apex consisting of two 
parts, the mesial a simple oblong transverse blade, the lateral shorter 
and ending in two incurved prongs that partially embrace the middle 
of the mesial blade. 

Sixth and seventh segments of males not notably enlarged nor 
prominent below; coalesced pleure of seventh segment crossed by a 
broad flattened elevation, not projecting as a crest, the median 
suture distinct. 

The very broadly rounded lateral margins of the first segment and 
the projecting apex of the last segment would at once distinguish 
this genus from all members of the order Anocheta previously known 
in the United States without taking the other peculiar characters 
into account. The affinity with Hurelus and Onychelus is certainly 
very slight, but there is still less with the more northern genera 
Arctobolus and Tylobolus. 

The absence of scobine and of a median process from the ventral 
plate of the coleopods distinguish Anelus from the Mexican and Cen- 
tral American forms that have the last segment produced. The 
broadly rounded first segment might be supposed to ally this genus 
with Rhinocricus as well as the produced last segment, but it does not 
appear that there is any real affinity with the scobinate forms. 


ANELUS REDUNCUS, new species. 


Type.—Cat. No. 798, U. 5S. National Museum, collected near 
Brownsville, Texas, January, 1905, by O. F. Cook. 

Length of male about 30 mm., width about 3 mm. Number of 
segments, 44. The largest female specimens are nearly 4 mm. in 
diameter. 

Color in life slate gray, the dark background modified by pale 
bluish punctations not large enough to be distinguished by the naked 
eye. Alcoholic specimens change to a moderately dark grayish 
brown, but distinctly banded. The midbelt still appears gray and 
the anterior part of the hindbelt dark brown. Posterior part of hind- 
belt and exposed parts of forebelt light brown. 

Clypeal foveole three on each side, the two upper close together, 
the lower much more widely separated; surface of clypeus and vertex 
smooth and shining. ° 

Kyes rounded, of 17 ocelli, arranged in five rows—3, 4, 4, 4, 2. 


No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COOK. 168 


First segment with surface smooth, not punctate nor striate like 
the others. Lateral margin nearly straight or slightly emarginate 
in the middle, the strongly thickened raised margin broadened and 
slightly produced to a broadly angled corner. 

Surface of segments divided into three bands, the forebelt reticulate, 
the midbelt coarsely punctate and the hindbelt smooth, except for a 
few minute punctations along the midbelt, and a few fine longitudinal 
wrinkles or grooves. Reticulations limited to forebelt on the dorsal 
surface, but covering about half of midbelt lower down. 

Penultimate segments distinctly narrowed and shortened, and the 
punctations less pronounced. 

Last segment nearly smooth with a distinctly triangular produced 
apex, slightly decurved. Anal valves and preanal scale also smooth. 

Several specimens were collected in a small forest of the Texan 
palmetto (/nodes texana) not far from the north bank of the Rio 
Grande, a few miles east of Brownsville. They showed no tendency to 
congregate in rotten wood, as Arctobolus usually does, but were 
scattered about in the humus layer, an inch or two below the surface. 
No other millipeds were found in the same place. 

It is possible, of course, that the Brownsville locality represents the 
most northern distribution of a species otherwise limited to Mexico, 
but this is not to be taken for granted. The Texas palmetto appears 
to have ranged formerly as far north as Jackson County 


ANELUS RICHARDSONI (Pocock). 
Spirobolellus richardsoni Pocock, Biologia Centr.-Amer., 1908, p. 87. 


A Mexican milliped from Tampico, larger than A. reduncus, but 
having the last segment shorter and the outer ramus of the gonopod 
with the terminal prongs very unequal. The females attain, accord- 
ing to Pocock, a length of 56 mm. and a diameter of about 5.5 mm. 
The projecting apex of the last segment of A. richardsoni is ‘‘a rather 
wide and flat, apically rounded, caudal process which surpasses the 
summit of the valves,” while the corresponding part of the Texan ani- 
mal is rather acutely triangular, about as long as wide. The anterior 
portion of the surface of the segments is not described as reticulate, 
but ‘‘only very finely striolate,’’ and there is said to be a distinct 
transverse sulcus or constriction of the segments, which is not true of 
A. reduncus. Pocock recognizes the improbability of any close 
alliance between the Mexican species and the genus Spirobolellus, the 
type of which came from Sumatra. The sexual characters of the 
original Hast Indian species of Spirobelelius have not been described. 


GLOSSELUS, new genus. 


Type.—Glosselus musarum, a new species from Costa Rica. 
Diagnosis.—Apparently related to Anelus, but with the first segment 
strongly emarginate behind the antennz, the last segment scarcely 


164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


produced, the anal valves with prominent margins, the cox of the 
fifth pair of legs of males armed with processes, the ventral plate of 
the coleopods large, and the anterior lobes widely separated. 

Description.—Body rather small and slender, over ten times as long 
as broad, cylindrical, slightly thicker in front, the sixth and seventh 
segments of the male distinctly wider. 

Antenne rather short, subclavate, joint 6 the longest, slightly 
exceeding joint 2; joints 3-5 subequal, distinctly shorter than joint 6. 
Antenne accommodated by a large lateral depression of the head 
and mandibulary stipe, but the cardo with a prominent raised rim 
fitting against the emargination of the first segment, so that the 
antenne are excluded. Olfactory cones four. 

Eyes of more than 40 flattened ocelli arranged in six or seven 
vertical curved rows. 

First segment much longer in the middle than in Anelus, much 
shorter on the sides; distinctly broader than the second segment, dis- 
tinctly narrowed by a broad emargination below the level of the eyes, 
but with rounded lateral angles, both the emargination and the angle 
bordered by a very distinct, rather narrow ridge. Second segment 
slightly exposed below the first when viewed from the side, but with- 
out a crest as in Anelus. 

Segments of middle of body with a slight constriction a little in 
front of the posterior suture, the hindbelt and midbelt about equally 
convex. Sutures not indicated by superficial striations, but becom- 
ing distinct as white lines as the animals dry out, except the median. 
Forebelt nearly smooth, the striations extremely fine and indistinct. 
Midbelt rather sparsely covered with short curved striz deepening to 
a row of distinct punctations in the constriction. 

Hindbelt above smooth and shining, the lateral and ventral stria- 
tions rather few and weak, and confined to the hindbelt, but the con- 
striction with more numerous short striations below, replacing of the 
dorsal punctures. 

Repugnatorial pores nearly on the middle line of side, inserted in a 
distinct circular depression slightly separated from the posterior 
suture that bends slightly away from the pore. Lateral suture some- 
times indicated by a slight groove behind the pore. 

Supplementary margin rather thick and firm, the edge irregularly 
erose-dentate with short, broad, square or rounded teeth, not regu- 
larly pectinate with fine teeth as in Anelus. 

Pleural sutures very faintly indicated on the smooth surface, but 
often marked by a whiter line, especially along the forebelt and mid- 
belt. 

Sterna quadrate, a little broader than long, the surface covered 
with close regular transverse striations, 


No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COORK. 165 


Posterior segments but little shorter than the others, gradually 
narrowed and somewhat compressed; constriction and punctations 
shght. 

Last segment abruptly narrowed and distinctly angled at the apex, 
equaling the anal valves or very slightly produced. 

Anal valves strongly convex, with rather thin, distinctly com- 
pressed slightly prominent margins, bordered by shallow grooves. 

Preanal scale small, the posterior margin nearly transverse. 

Males with anterior legs rather strongly crassate, all of the joints but 
the last swollen on the under side into rounded prominences. Claws 
not enlarged. 

Coxe of third and fourth pairs of legs of male produced into very 
small papuliform processes, turned obliquely forward. 

Coxe of fifth pair of male legs with processes four or five times as 
long as the others and thick in proportion, about twice as long as 
broad, subcylindric, shghtly tapering, with the ends abruptly hooked 
forward. 

Coxe of sixth and seventh pairs without processes, merely rounded 
like the other joints. 

Coleopods with ventral plate forming a large, oblong-ligulate median 
process nearly twice as long as broad, emarginate at apex. Anterior 
lobes widely separated, stout columnar, the outer margins nearly 
straight, the rounded apex slightly incurbed. Posterior lobes small, 
with simple incurved apices only slightly exceeding the corners of the 
ventral plate. 

Gonopods not exposed; doubtless retracted into the unusually thick 
bulbous bases of the coleopods. 

Sixth and seventh segments of males notably broader, the seventh 
inflated and prominent below; coalesced pleure of seventh segment 
with a very broad transversely striate anterior slope, the median 
suture obsolete. The dorsal part of the seventh segment very short, 
that of the sixth segment unusually long. 

The affinity of this genus with Anelus is certainly not close, and 
may prove to be very remote, but the external similarities are at least 
interesting. The transverse row of punctations renders the segments 
much alike, and the apex of the last segment shows a slight projection, 
giving at least an external appearance more similar to Anelus than 
any other Mexican or Central American type available for comparison. 
Both genera may prove to be relatives of Trigoniulus, and may assist 
in determining whether that cosmopolitan genus is of American or 
Old World origin. 


GLOSSELUS MUSARUM, new species. 


Type.—Cat. No. 799, U.S. National Museum, collected in a banana 
plantation at La Colombiana, Costa Rica, April, 1903, by O. F. 
Cook. 


166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. 


Length of male about 33 mm., width 2.8 mm.; female about 35 
mm. by 3.2mm. Number of segments 47 in a male, 49 in a female. 
Males have the sixth and seventh segments broader than the others; 
females distinctly constricted behind the head. 

Color in alcohol very dark brown, nearly black; legs and antenne 
slightly paler and more reddish. 

Clypeal foveolz two on each side, one near the median sulcus, and 
one widely removed, near the inferior margin. Vertex with sulcus 
distinet, and with a band of fine vertical wrinkles under the margin 
of the first segment; surface elsewhere smooth and shining. 

Eyes rounded triangular, of about 42 ocelli arranged in 7 ver- 
tical curved rows, counted from behind: toward the antenne, 9, 9, 
S759 1 and Slr 8. 76,301" 

First segment with the surface smooth, the emarginations very 
broad and shallow and the raised margin narrow but very distinct 
from the rounded lateral corner to behind the middle of the eye. 

Surface of segments smooth on the forebelt, sparingly punctate 
on the midbelt, distinctly punctate along the shallow constriction, 
smooth or very finely striolate longitudinally on the hind belt. 
Lateral striations numerous below the pores, but not strongly de- 
veloped. Surface nowhere distinctly reticulate as in Anelus. Poste- 
rior segments smoother than the others, the transverse constrictions 
and punctations becoming obsolete. 

Last segment, anal valves and preanal scale with surfaces smooth 
and shining. 

Nineteen specimens, mostly adults, were collected about banana 
stumps; some of the male specimens are smaller than the others, 
but do not appear to differ in any other respect except that the sixth 
and seventh segments are only very slightly enlarged. They seem to 
have as many segments as the others, and all the segments are pro- 
vided with legs except the last two, as in the adults. The copulatory 
apparatus appears to be partially developed. 


GLOSSELUS NARESII (Pocock). 


Spirobolus naresit Pocock, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 11, p. 252, 
pl. 16, fig. 4. 

The copulatory apparatus of G. musarum shows such a marked 
resemblance to that of Spirobolus nares Pocock that the existence 
of generic differences between the two species seem very improbable. 
The ventral plate, as well as the anterior and posterior lobes, are of 
the same general form, the most notable difference being that the 
ventral plate of naresii is shown with a somewhat triangular rounded 
apex, instead of emarginate. 


No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COOK. 167 


The color seems to be quite distinct, that of naresit being described 
as slate-gray, with the posterior borders of the segments ochraceous 
and the legs and antenne flavous. The segments are also described as 
marked ‘‘with a transverse row of ring-shaped or crescentic impres- 
sions just in front of the sulcus.’”’ The drawings of the anterior and 
posterior parts of the body also indicate an essential agreement in 
the characters of the first and last segments, so that a reference to 
the same genus seems justified, in spite of the fact that the locality 
given for naresit is ‘‘Mahé Island, Seychelles.” 


DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF ISOPOD 
CRUSTACEAN OF THE FAMILY IDOTHEIDA FROM THE 
MOUTH OF THE RIO DE LA PLATA, ARGENTINA, SOUTH 
AMERICA. 


By Harrier Ricuarpson, 


Collaborator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U.S. National Museum. 


In 1888, the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross, while 
dredging off the coast of South America, obtained a specimen repre- 
senting a new genus and species of Idotheide, the descriptions of 
which follow. 

CHIRISCUS, new genus. 


Body ovate. Head large, laterally expanded; lateral margins not 
cleft. First pair of antenne with a peduncle of three articles, the 
second inserted at the outer lateral margin of the basal article; 
flagellum composed of a single long article and a minute terminal 
one. Second antenne concealed by first pair; peduncle composed of 
five articles and geniculate at the articulation of the second and third 
articles; flagellum multi-articulate. Maxillipeds with a palp com- 
posed of three articles. Segments of thorax, except the first, fur- 
nished with distinct epimera. Seventh segment abruptly narrower 
than the sixth and not wider than the abdominal segments. Abdo- 
men composed of three segments, two short ones anterior to a long 
terminal segment. First pair of legs strongly prehensile, with pro- 
podus large and dilated. Four following pairs and seventh pair 
similar, with terminal joints furnished with long hairs; these legs 
have no dactylus. Sixth pair of legs much longer than the others, 
with the carpus and propodus elongate. 

This genus is similar to both Macrochiridotea Ohlin' and to 
Chetilia Dana.? It differs from both, however, in not having the 
second and third pairs of legs prehensile, and in having no dactylus 


1Jsopoda from Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia. Svenska Expeditionen till Magellansliinderna, vol. 
2, No. 11, 1901, pp. 286-291. 
2U.S Expl Exp., vol. 14, 1853, pp. 711-713, pl. 46, fig. 1la-f. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No. 1811. 
F 169 


170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 


SSS 


to the last six pairs of legs, with the exception of the sixth pair. It 
also differs from both genera in having only three segments to the 


Fig. 1. CHIRISCUS AUSTRALIS. 
xX 9. 


abdomen. It differs further from Macrochi- 
ridotea in not having the sides of the head 
cleft and in having the second article of the 
peduncle of the first antennz inserted in the 
outer lateral margin of the basal article. It 
differs further from Chetilia m not having 
the sixth and seventh pairs of lees jointed and 
in having the sixth pair less elongate. 

The type of the genus is Chiriscus australis, 
new species. 


CHIRISCUS AUSTRALIS, new species. 


Body ovate, a little more than twice as long 
as wide, 8 mm. by 34 mm. Color, in alcohol, 
light brown, with a small patch of black on 
either side of the posterior portion of the 
head and on either side of the antero-lateral 
parts of the first thoracic segment; there is 
also a transverse band of black on the termi- 
nal abdominal segment. 

The head is twice as wide as long, 3 mm. 
by 14 mm., with the anterior margin pro- 


duced into a conspicuous median point. The head is deeply 
immersed in the first thoracic segment, but the lateral parts are pro- 
duced and expanded in wide plates, the margins of which are entire. 
The eyes have almost disappeared; they are 


situated some distance from the lateral margin 
in the posterior half of the head. The first 
pair of antennze have the basal article large 
and dilated, with the post-lateral margin pro- 


fia. 3. CHIRISCUS AUSTRALIS. 
First LEG. X 114. 


duced in a small rounded 

lobe; the second article is Fie. 2. Curriscus avustRAtis. 
narrow, elongate, about Eta 
one and a half times the length of the first, and 
is inserted in the outer lateral margin of the 
basal article; the third article is about as long 
as the second; the flagellum is composed of a 
single large article, about half the length of the 
third article of the peduncle, and a minute ter- 
minalarticle. The first antenne extend beyond 


the post-lateral angles of the head by a distance equal to the length 
of the flagellum; the second antenne are extremely short, extending 
only to the end of the second article of the peduncle of the first 


no.1811. A NHW ISOPOD FROM ARGENTINA—RICHARDSON. bgt 


antenne, and are geniculate at the second article; the first article 
is short; the second is twice as long as the first; the third and fourth 
are short, about equal in length to each other and to the first article, 
the fourth having the outer lateral margin produced in a large 
rounded process or lobe; the fifth article is a little longer than the 
preceding; the flagellum is composed of eleven articles. The sec- 
ond antenne are almost entirely concealed in a dorsal view by the 
first antenne. 

The first, second, and third segments of the thorax are about equal 
in length in the median line, being each three-fourths mm. long; the 
fourth, fifth, and seventh segments are a little 
shorter, being each about one-half mm. in 
length; the sixth segment is the longest, being 
1 mm. long. Epimera are present on all the 
seements except the first; they are visible in a 
dorsal view only on the last three, being wide 
and occupying the entire lateral margin; in the 
other three segments they are narrow plates Le, 
and extend only half of the lateral margin. The fe. 4. Curerscus austraus. 
thorax tapers toward the posterior extremity, "°°? *™* X 
which is narrower than the anterior portion. The seventh segment is 
abruptly narrower than the sixth segment, and is not wider than the 
first abdominal segment. 

The abdomen is composed of three segments, two short segments 
anterior to the long terminal segment. The terminal segment is long 
and narrow, 3 mm. by 14 mm., and tapers to 
a pointed extremity. 

The first pair of legs are strongly prehen- 
sile, with the propodus large, dilated, and the 
dactylus long and reflexed. The carpus is 
produced on the exterior margin in a long 
spine-like process at the base of the propo- 
dus. The two following pairs of legs are not 

Fic. 5. Cutriscus austraus. prehensile, but are similar to the fourth, fifth, 
ee oe and seventh pairs, with the exception that the 
basis is more dilated and the carpus produced in a long wide process 
extending half the length of the propodus. In all five pairs, the last 
three articles are fringed with long hairs, and there is no dactylus. 
The sixth pair is much longer than any of the others and has the 
carpus and propodus elongate. This pair has a small blunt dactylus. 

Only one specimen was obtained by the Albatross at station 2764, 
off Rio de la Plata, Argentina, at a depth of 114 fathoms on sand and 
broken shells. 

Type.—Cat. No. 42092, U.S.N.M. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW GENERA AND THIRTY-ONE 
NEW SPECIES OF ICHNEUMON FLIES. 


By H. L. Vierecx, 
Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 


This is one of a series of papers based upon new genera and species 
of Ichneumonoidea or Ichneumon flies, in most cases contained in 
the collections of the U.S. National Museum and of such a nature 
as to call for their early publication. 


Family BRACONIDZ. 
DOLICHOGENIDEA, new subgenus. 


Head with the facial line greater than the transfacial line, other- 
wise as in Apanteles Foerster. 
Type.—A panteles (Dolichogenidea) banksi, new species. 


APANTELES (DOLICHOGENIDEA) BANKSI, new species. 


Female.—Length 2.5 mm.; black and shining; head dullish, man- 
dibles mostly reddish stramineous, joints beyond the second in both 
maxillary and labial palpi stramineous; dorsulum dullish, scutel 
shining, sparsely punctured, the punctures as many as ten or more 
puncture widths apart, wings whitish except the costa, which is 
stramineous between the stigma and the base of the wing and brown 
beyond the stigma, the stigma, which is brown except for a basal 
yellow mark and the radius, transverse cubitus and third abscissa 
of the cubitus, which are infuscated, fore legs stramineous beyond 
the trochanters, mid-legs with their femora mostly black, their 
tibiz and tarsi mostly stramineous, hind legs black or blackish 
except for a basal stramineous annulus to their tibiz and basal joint 
of tarsi; propodeum rather dullish except for the poorly circum- 
scribed areola, which is more shining and mostly represented by a 
depressed basin, virtually exareolate except for the areola and basal 
area, punctured; first tergal plate almost quadrate, parallel sided, 
shining, punctured, medially impressed though slightly, second tergal 


PROocEEpDINGS U, S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1812. 
; a 173 


TA: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


plate shining, punctured laterally, nearly four times as wide at base 
as long down the middle, its apical margin not well defined, arcuate 
so that it is narrower laterally than medially measured antero- 
posteriorly, exserted portion of the sheaths of the ovipositor prac- 
tically as long as the tergum of the abdomen proper. 

Type.Cat. No. 13510, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality.—Chesapeake Beach, Maryland, September 4, 1910, 
collected by Nathan Banks. 

Named for Mr. Nathan Banks. 


APANTELES (PROTAPANTELES) AFRICANUS, new species. 


Belongs to the same group as Apanteles (Protapanteles) fulvipes 
(Haliday, Marshall), with which it agrees in most particulars except 
as set forth in the following description: 

Female ——Length 3 mm.; first dorsal plate parallel sided or nearly 
so to the middle, hardly twice as long as wide at base; second dorsal 
plate poorly circumscribed, narrower at base than long down its 
middle, nearly twice as wide at apex as long down the middle, mem- 
branous portion of first and second segments more or less pale, 
third tergal segment more or less pale; radius apparently twice as 
long as the transverse cubitus, most of the veins and stigma blackish 
in the fore wings, hind tibiz tipped with fuscous, hind tarsi mostly 
fuscous. 

Male.—Similar to the female. 

Type—Cat. No. 13491, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality.— Pretoria, Transvaal. 

Received from C. W. Howard. 


APANTELES (PROTAPANTELES) BEDELLIZ, new species. 


Female—Length 1.75 mm.; facial line not greater than the trans- 
facial lme, head black, antenne blackish, palpi mostly pale; thorax 
black including tegule and cox, wings almost colorless, tinged 
with brown, basal abscissa of costa stramineous, stigma and post- 
stigmatic costa dark brown, most other veins in forewings strami- 
neous tinged with fuscous; the radius, transverse cubitus and third 
abscissa of cubitus darker than the rest excepting the costa, femora 
and tibize mostly stramineous to reddish, the hind femora and 
tibiz tipped with fuscous, their tarsi fuscous, or deep brown; pro- 
podeum shining, rugulose, with a median longitudinal carina; first 
tergal plate hardly twice as long as wide at base, apparently as 
wide at extreme apex as at the corresponding part of its base, the 
almost parallel sides bulging somewhat beyond the middle and 
finally sharply recurved so that the plate is as wide at apex as at 
base, dullish, mostly rugulose; second tergal plate shorter than the 
third tergal segment, but little wider at base than long down its 


no. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIERECK. L75 


middle, its apical width at least one and one-half times the basal 
width, its sides oblique to the middle beyond which they are almost 
parallel, in sculpture similar to the first tergal plate, remaining 
tergal segments virtually smooth and shining throughout, only the 
third with apparent sculpture and in this confined to extreme base, 
exserted portion of sheaths of the ovipositor nearly as long as the 
first tergal segment, abdomen black or blackish throughout. 

Male.—Similar, its first tergal plate apparently twice as long as 
wide at base and parallel sided throughout, the second tergal plate 
hardly as wide at base as long down the middle; femora more or less 
blackish, mid tibiz with apical infuscation, hind tibize infuscated 
except for a pale basal annulus. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13501, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality —Washington, District of Columbia. 

“Bred from Bedellia, September 9, 1910; T. H. Jones, collector.” 


APANTELES (PROTAPANTELES) BENEFICUS, new species. 


Female.—Length 1.5 mm.; belongs to a group of species of which 
the American Apanteles (Protapanteles) radiatus Ashmead is a repre- 
sentative, but from that species it may be readily distinguished as 
follows: Scape and rest of antenne black, tegument of head black; 
thorax black, dorsulum dullish, indistinctly sculptured, wings hyaline, 
apparently tinged with whitish, transverse cubitus not forming an 
angle at its junction with the radius, anterior coxe blackish as are 
all the other coxee, middle femora brownish, fourth and fifth joints 
of middle tarsi fuscous, hind legs black or blackish almost through- 
out; propodeum almost completely smooth and shining all over; 
first dorsal plate apparently twice as long down the middle as wide 
at base and virtually smooth and polished throughout, sculptureless, 
second plate not much narrower at base than long down the middle, 
also smooth, polished, and sculptureless, the first and second tergal 
segments rather brownish, rest of tergal segments blackish. 

Male.—Quite similar to the female, agreeing in all essential par- 
ticulars. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13492, U.S.N.M. 

Ty pe-locality.—_Mozambique, Portuguese East Africa. 

Received from C. W. Howard, who sent them to the U.S. Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. 


APANTELES (PROTAPANTELES) CHRYSIPPI, new species. 


Belongs to a group of species represented by Apanteles (Protapan- 
teles) solitarius (Ratzeburg) Marshall. 

Female.—Length 2.25 mm.; head black and shining, antenne 
blackish or dark brown throughout, facial line not longer than the 
transfacial line, mandibles brownish, palpi mostly pale, mesonotum 
mostly dullish and closely punctured, many of the interstices narrower 


176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


than the diameter of the average puncture, scutel shining, not so 
closely, but more distinctly punctured than the mesonotum, the punc- 
tures larger, most of the veins stramineous with a brownish tinge, 
stigma and costa brown, membrane almost colorless, legs mostly 
stramineous with a brownish tinge, tarsi brownish, hind femora with 
a brownish tip, all tibize with a more or less developed brownish tip, 
tegule dark brown, fore and mid-coxe brownish, hind coxe black; 
radius a little longer than transverse cubitus, forming a distinct angle 
with the latter; propodeum irregularly reticulate, without a median 
longitudinal carina; tergum brownish suffused with black, apical half 
of first plate punctured, the punctures apparently larger than but not 
so regular as on the scutel; second plate poorly sculptured with ill- 
defined striz, shining; middle two-fourths of basal half of third tergal 
segment with a lunate striate area, exserted portion of sheaths of the 
ovipositor hardly longer than onychium of mid-legs. 

Male.—The third tergal segment almost sculptureless; otherwise 
very similar to the female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13490, U.S.N.M. 

Ty pe-locality Mozambique, Portuguese East Africa. 

‘‘Reared from larve, Danais chrysippus.” Received from Mr. 
C. W. Howard. 


APANTELES (PROTAPANTELES) CINCTIFORMIS, new species. 


Female.—Length 3 mm.; facial line shorter than the transfacial 
line, head black, scape bright testaceous, rest of antenne mostly 
dark brownish, mandibles, palpi, tegule, legs including coxe and 
trochanters, and membranous portion of first tergal segment all more 
or less stramineous to reddish stramineous; thorax with the vertical 
axis equal to the transverse axis, wings transparent tinged with 
brown, stigma and costa beyond the stigma very dark brown, third 
abscissa of the radius darker than and a little longer than the second, 
transverse cubitus and radius concolorous with the third abscissa of 
the cubitus, scutel smooth and shining, punctate, the punctures sev- 
eral puncture widths apart, not well defined; first tergal plate about 
one and one-half times as long down the middle as wide at base, par- 
allel sided to the apical third, from thereon with the sides oblique, its 
apex about two-thirds as wide as its base, rugulose, second tergal plate 
trapezoidal, rather striate, as long down the middle as the first tergal 
plate is wide at apex, second tergal segment reddish like the third and 
fourth and sides of fifth and sixth, distinctly shorter than the third, 
exserted portion of sheaths of the ovipositor about as long as the first 
tergal segment. 

Tupe.—Cat. No. 13502, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality—Great Falls, Virginia, June 18; collected by Nathan 
Banks, 


No. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIEREOK. 177 


APANTELES (PROTAPANTELES) GRIFFINI, new species. 


Female.—Length 1.75 mm. Related to Apanteles halli but with 
the second dorsal plate mostly sculptured and with the color more as 
in Apanteles leviceps to which latter species it is evidently more closely 
related than to the former. From Apanteles leviceps it may be dis- 
tinguished by the smaller size, the presence of a more of less smooth 
sculptureless area on the second dorsal segment, by the apical half of 
the hind femora being mostly infuscated, by the first joint of the 
flagel being almost stramineous beneath and by the almost entirely 
black abdomen; ovipositor normally not exserted 

Male.—Sufficiently similar to the opposite sex to be easily asscci- 
ated therewith, flagel blackish throughout. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13482, U.S.N.M. 

Ty pe-locality.—_ Quogue, New York. 

Hight females and four females from the type-locality ‘‘Griffin col- 
lector, Webster No. 6268.”’ Received from the Bureau of Entomol- 
ogy, U. S. Department of Agriculture. ‘‘Were sent as having over- 
come a scourge of cutworms.”’ F. M. Webster. 

Named for the collector, Mr. N. E. Griffin. 


Genus PSEUDAPANTELES Ashmead. 


Type.—Pseudapanteles annulicornis Ashmead. 
APANTELES (PSEUDAPANTELES) CONSIMILIS, new species. 


Pseudapanteles consimilis ASHMEAD, Manuscript 1900 (1899), Smith’s Ins., N. 7 
p. 593. 

Female.—Length 3.5 mm. Flagel blackish brown throughout, 
scape and pedicel mostly yellowish, head appearing wider than long, 
mandibles yellowish, tipped with castaneous, palpi whitish, tegule, 
base of wings, fore and mid-legs, hind femora, hind coxe apically, 
membranous portion of first and second segments and sides and 
venter of third segment all mostly stramineous, hind coxe basally cas- 
taneous, hind tibize pale yellowish at base merging into castaneous, 
then into blackish brown, hind tarsi dark brown, each joint pale at 
base; otherwise mostly black, wings hyaline, stigma uniformly dark 
brown; first abscissa of radius, transverse cubitus, and third abscissa 
of cubitus brownish; second abscissa of externo-medial, first abscissa 
of discoidal vein, nervellus and costa more or less stramineous to 
brownish, other veins almost colorless; propodeum mostly rugose, 
smooth and polished at base and with a salient longitudinal median 
carina; first dorsal plate half again as long as wide at apex, where it 
it is a little wider than at base, nearly parallel sided throughout, its 
basal third forming an obtuse angle with the apical two-thirds in pro- 
file, the basal third mostly striate and smooth, the apical two-thirds 

80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——12 


178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


mostly rugose but becoming striate apically, the apical edge inter- 
rupted by a smooth area in the middle, second dorsal plate about four 
times as wide as long down the middle and rugose, though not as 
strongly as the preceding plate, the third dorsal segment nearly three 
times as wide at base as long down the middle and almost entirely 
smooth; exserted portion of ovipositor about as long as the abdomen 
above. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13486, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality.—Long Island, New York. Ashmead collection. 


APANTELES (PSEUDAPANTELES) ETIELL&, new species. 


Facial line not longer than the transfacial line; vertical axis of 
thorax virtually as great as the transverse axis; propodeum smooth 
and polished with a distinct median longitudinal carina; first tergal 
plate smooth and polished like the second, less than twice as long 
down the middle as wide at base and distinctly narrower at apex than 
at base, its sides gradually converging from base to apex, only half 
as wide at apex as at base, second plate at least four times as wide at 
apex as long down the middle, its apical edge slightly sinuate, hardly 
as wide at base as long down the middle. 

Male.—Length 2.5 mm., black except as follows: Palpi mostly 
stramineous, tegule almost colorless tinged with brown, fore femora 
apically, their tibiz and tarsi mostly, testaceous; mid and hind tibiz 
basally pale, together with their tarsi mostly dusky, wings whitish, 
first abscissa of costa stramineous, stigma and costa beyond dark 
brown, radius at least twice as long as the tranverse cubitus, the 
third abscissa of the cubitus distinctly shorter than the second, these 
veins, together with the recurrent vein, first abscissa of discoidal, 
second abscissa of median and transverse median vein, all tinged with 
brown. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13503, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality— Pullman, Washington. 

Received from the U. 8. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of 
Entomology, under ‘Webster No. 5935, August 10, 1909”; J. A. 
Hyslop, collector. Ex. Etiella schisticolor. 

CHELONUS KNABI, new anecie! 


Female.—Length 5.5 mm.; antenne 34-jointed, joints of the flagel 
black, finely longitudinally striate, at least twice as long as thick, sub- 
equal in length, each joint a little shorter than the one preceding, though 
from the fourth to the eleventh the joints are nearly equal in length 
to their immediate predecessor, that is, with the fourth nearly equal 
to the fifth, the fifth nearly equal to the sixth and so on, seape and 
pedicel also black, head, including clypeus black, face transversely 
rugose, with a median longitudinal more or less distinct carina extend- 
ing from the base or near the base of the clypeus to the base of the 


No. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIERECK. 179 


frontal basin, clypeus rather smooth compared with the face, covered 
with shallow pits, its anterior edge truncate, the truncature about as 
wide as the anterior edge adjoining, mandibles mostly castaneous, 
palpi mostly fuscous; thorax black, mostly reticulate all over; pro- 
podeum rounded off, coarsely reticulate, tlie lateral spines represented 
by a kind of arcuate buttress, base of propodeum with a median 
longitudinal carina extending from the base of the superior aspect to’ 
the beginning of the posterior aspect and flanked on either side by a 
carina that attains the apex toward which it converges though nearly 
parallel to its fellow of the opposite side, wings transparent fuscous 
except proximad to the base of the stigma where the membrane is 
nearly colorless and the veins mostly stramineous, distad to the 
base of the stigma the veins are mostly fuscous like the stigma, coxea 
and proximal hind trochanters mostly black, rest of trochanters 
mostly ferruginous like all the femora, hind tibiz ferruginous except a 
fuscous stain at base and an apical blackish band enveloping the 
apical third, remaining tibiz ferruginous; abdomen black with little 
more than its basal third ferruginous, the ferruginous color of its base 
extending laterally to a little beyond the middle, the corresponding 
ventral area castaneous, the paired carine of the base of the abdomen 
extending nearly to the middle of the ferruginous area where they 
become lost among the numerous longitudinal reticulo-striations 
which continue to near the apical concavity where they are replaced 
by a kind of reticulation mixed with rugosities, the end of the carapace 
somewhat truncated and with a vague longitudinal sulcus down its 
middle; pubescence generally distributed, almost imperceptible, 
whitish or pale ochreous; tarsi fuscous or blackish almost throughout, 

Male.—About as long as the female, differing chiefly as follows: 
Antenne 33-jointed, carapace not so markedly vaulted, propodeal 
carine and basal carine of carapace indistinctly defined, hind tibiz 
ferruginous throughout at base, apex of carapace rounded off, not at 
all parted by a fissure transversely or by a vague sulcus longitudinally, 
basal two-thirds of carapace mostly ferruginous, the remaining por- 
tion mostly black; facial carina indistinct or wanting. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13487, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality.—F our Mile Run, Virginia. 

Three specimens, two females and one male, collected May 30, 
1910, by Frederick Knab, for whom the species is named. 

In many particulars this species agrees with Chelonus laticinctus 
Cresson, of which I had the type for comparison. Of the British 
species it has characters in common with Chelonus wesmaelii Curtis. 
From each of these, however, it differs abundantly, as may be gleaned 
from perusing the above description. 

The female paratopotype is essentially like the type female, though 
wanting the basal stain to the hind tibie. 


180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 40. 


CRYPTOXILOS, new genus. 


Belongs to the Euphorine and has characters in common with 
Peristenus Foerster. Apparently, however, more nearly related to 
Loxocephalus Foerster. ; 

Transfacial line at least one-sixth longer than the facial line, 
clypeus rather hidden and partly covered by the closed mandibles 
which latter are falcate and edentate and inserted back of a point on 
a line with the middle of the eyes, malar line a little longer than width 
of mandibles at base, antenne 12-jointed, not much longer than the 
head and thorax together, inserted close to and opposite the middle 
of the eyes, the space between the scrobe and the eye not as wide as 
the scrobe, head as seen from above at least twice as wide as long 
antero-posteriorly, occipital carina complete; notauli converging to 
the scutel short of which they unite to form a triangular lobe, recur- 
rent vein wanting, transverse cubitus incomplete, not meeting the 
cubitus; petiole almost parallel sided not produced laterally. 

Otherwise similar to Peristenus Foerster. 

Type.—Cryptoxilos dichromorphus, new species. 


CRYPTOXILOS DICHROMORPHUS, new species. 


Male.—Length 1.25 mm.; castaneous, shining. Face mostly yel- 
lowish beneath the antenne, divided by a low carina that extends 
from the anterior ocellus almost to the clypeus, front indistinctly 
pitted between the scrobes, scape but little longer than the pedicel, 
first joint of flagel longer than the scape but a little shorter than the 
second joint of the flagel, remaining joints subequal, excepting the 
apical joint which is the longest, antennz stramineous, infuscated, 
ocelli nearly equidistant and distinctly nearer to each other than to 
the nearest point on the eyes; thorax shining and somewhat darker 
than the occiput, wings transparent, faintly infuscated, veins stramin- 
eous, stigma very dark brown, forming an obtuse angled triangle 
and nearly as large as the radial cell, cubitus extending as far beyond 
the point where the transverse cubitus would meet as the transverse 
cubitus is long, submedian vein parallel to the median and not 
extending beyond the basal; propodeum reticulate, with a petiolarea; 
tegule and legs stramineous, basal hind tarsus approximately as 
long as the next three joints combined, claws apparently simple, 
empodium of hind onychium apparently nearly as long as the claws; 
abdomen brownish, smooth and polished except for the petiole which 
has three dorsal, longitudinal, straight, parallel carinz, second seg- 
ment cask-shaped, a little longer than the petiole and at least twice as 
long as the combined length of the segments beyond, the segments 
beyond the second apparently not differentiated, tip of abdomen and 


No. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIERECK. 181 


protruding genitalia stramineous, claspers simple, nearly parallel 
sided, tapering, rounded at tip. 
Type.—Cat. No. 13497, U.S.N.M. 
Type-locality.— Bahia, Brazil. 
Type collected on cotton, March 16, 1883; A. Koebele, collector. 
DIACHASMA CRAWFQRDI, new species. 


Female.—Length 6 mm.; sheaths of the ovipositor as long as the 
body. Head black, antenne blackish, 53-jointed, face with a median 
carina extending from as far below the anterior ocellus as the same 
is wide to a point approximately halfway between the antennal line 
and the clypeus where the carina becomes reduced so that it is lost 
on the convexity of the face above the clypeus, clypeus with a 
median longitudinal welt, the lateral free edges of the clypeus rather 
reflexed or upturned, clypeus medially terminating in an obtuse 
angle which is flanked by a sinuosity that is bounded by the lowest 
corners of the clypeus, which latter are angular, apical half of mandi- 
bles more or less brownish, palpi stramineous as are the prepisternum 
and most of the fore cox, with the palpi paler, mandibles but little 
wider at base than at apex; rest of thorax darker stramineous, 
scutellar fovea divided longitudinally by a carina, wings infuscated, 
stigma and veins blackish, radius fully developed throughout and 
attaining the margin of the wing as far or nearly as far from the 
extreme tip as the second transverse cubitus is long, stigma forming 
an obtuse angle on its lower edge and about three times as wide as 
high, radius inserted a little beyond the middle of the stigma, nervellus 
almost interstitial, anal cell in hind wings nearly divided by a vein 
that is almost parallel to the nervellus, mid and hind coxe stramin- 
eous at base and blackish apically; proximal trochanters, distal 
trochanters of hind legs and most or all of femora and tibize black; 
distal trochanters of fore and mid-legs castaneous as is the base of 
fore and mid-femora, first, second, third, and fourth joints of fore 
and mid-tarsi more or less stramineous, fore and mid-onychize 
blackish as are their claws and empodia, hind tarsi blackish through- 
out; abdomen mostly rather ferruginous, the first dorsal segment 
with four carine defining five channels, the inner carine arched and 
terminating a little beyond the middle of the segment, the outer 
carine extending from base to apex and parallel to the outer margin, 
sheaths of the ovipositor blackish, ovipositor castaneous. 

Type.—Female, Cat. No. 13484, U.S.N.M. 

Ty pe-locality— Cuernavaca, Mexico. Sent to the Bureau of Ento- 
mology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, by Mr. D. L. Crawford, 
who observes that the specimen was ‘‘taken while stinging mango 
with maggots in it.” This species is probably a parasite of Anas- 
trepha ludens Loew. 

Named for D. L. Crawford. 


182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


DIAERETUS NIPPONENSIS, new species. 


Male——Length 1.5mm. Related to Dizretus piceus Cresson from 
which it may be distinguished by the costule diverging from the 
apex of the propodeum not at right angles to the median longitudinal 
carina and by the nonprojecting petiolar spiracles. 

Female.—F lagel 11-jointed, costule at right angles to the median 
longitudinal carina on propodeum, otherwise very as in the male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13495, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality.— Japan. Received by the U. S. Department of 
Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, from Mr. G. Compere, under data 
as follows: Cabbage aphis, Japan, 1906; G. Compere collector; No. 
15050. 


DOLICHOZELE, new genus. 


This genus has characters in common with Zele Curtis and Lepto- 
zele Cameron. Compared with Zele Curtis this genus differs essen- 
tially as follows: Clypeus broadly, shallowly emarginate, almost 
truncate, hind ocelli larger than the anterior ocellus and nearer the 
anterior ocellus than to each other or nearest point on eye margin, 
occiput immargined; radius received by the stigma distinctly beyond 
the middle, second discoidal cell completely closed, submedian cell 
with a brownish spot on the median vein and on the submedian vein, 
hind cox shorter than the first abdominal segment; first abdominal 
segment as long as the next two combined, with its spiracles nearly 
twice as far beyond the base as they are distant from each other. 

Type.—Dolichozele koebelet, new species. 


DOLICHOZELE KOEBELEI, new species. 


Female-——Lengeth, 9 mm. Resembles Zele testaceator Curtis, but 
differs as follows: Penultimate joint of m. p. distinctly longer than 
the end joint, scape and pedicel combined hardly two-thirds the 
length of the first jomt of the flagel but about as long as the second 
joint of the flagel, antennee 52-jointed, vertex with a blackish band 
extending from eye to eye; stigma infuscated, propodeum with con- 
centric arcuate stria; sheaths of the ovipositor about as long as the 
second abdominal segment. Color in general dull stramineous not at 
all reddish. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13496, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality—Pernambuco, Benito Province, Brazil. No. 168, 
January 31, 1883; A. Koebele. 

Named for Mr. A. Koebele. 


HABROBRACON BENEFICIENTIOR, new species. 
The affinities of this species are with H. brevicorns (Wesmel). 
Female —Length 2.5 mm.; sheaths of the ovipositor 0.5 mm. long. 
From Marshall’s description of H. brevicornis (Wesmeel) this differs 


No. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIEREOK. 183 


essentially as follows: Color very as in Microbracon howardi Viereck, 
but tinged with testaceous and with yellowish stramineous color 
replacing the yellow, wings transparent tinged with brownish, 
stigma and costal vein brownish, other veins stramineous tinged 
with brown; third, fourth, and fifth tergal segments partly brownish 
laterally. 

Male.—Similar to the opposite sex but with the dark regions mostly 
blackish. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13494, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality.—‘ Busi, just inland from Beira, Mozambique.” 
Portuguese East Africa, ‘‘From a maize storehouse.”’ Presumably 
parasitic on one of the Coleopterons that feed upon maize. In a 
series of specimens the darkening of the third, fourth, and fifth tergal 
segments is seen to be sometimes quite extensive, again wanting or 
almost wanting, at least on the third segment. The first tergal seg- 
ment, on the other hand, is apparently always yellowish or whitish 


yellow. 
HORMIOPTERUS GRACILIFORMUS, new species. 


Related to H. fasciatus Ashmead, compared with the type of which 
it differs as follows: 

Female.—Scarcely 2.5 mm. long; exserted portion of sheaths of 
ovipositor approximately 0.5 mm. long. Tergum hardly striate, first 
tergal segment virtually simple and rounded off at base except for 
the rudimentary dorsal and lateral carine, the latter obliquely 
extending backward and downward, attaining the lower edge of the 
first tergal segment at a point about one-fourth the length of the 
lower edge from the base of the segment; in both species the metano- 
tum (postscutel) as seen from the side of the specimen is produced 
into a low thorn-like process with the apex pointed toward the 
propodeum. 

Male.—Similar to the female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13500, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality.— Wellington, Kansas. 

Received from U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Ento- 
mology, under Webster Nos. 5473, cage 119; 5472, cage 330; 6515, 
cage 497; 5476, cage 294; 5473, cage 300; 5422, cage 121; T. H. 
Parks collector; reared from an eurytomid in Agropyron. 


MACROCENTRUS (AMICROPLUS) CRAMBIVORUS, new species. 


Female.—Length, 3 mm.; sheath of the ovipositor 4 mm. long. 
Head black, mouth and palpi stramineous, infuscated; scape, pedicel 
and first joint of flagel dark stramineous, rest of antenne brownish 
to blackish; antenne 34-jointed; thorax, cox and _trochanters 
stramineous, rest of legs rather brownish stramineous, claws black; 
middle lobe of dorsulum hardly higher than the lateral lobes, notauli 


184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


almost smooth; propodeum granular; wings transparent, faintly 
infuscated, second abscissa of radius about as long as the first trans- 
verse cubitus; first, second, and third dorsal abdominal segments 
stramineous, the second a little shorter than the first and fused with 
the third, second segment smooth and polished, remaining segments 
black, lateral furrows of second segment distinct, simple and extend- 
ing a little back of the middle of the segment, sheaths of the ovipositor 
blackish, ovipositor dark stramineous. 

Male.—Similar to the female but differing as follows: Antenne 38- 
jointed, flagel blackish throughout; thorax black; first, second, and 
third tergal segments black. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13481, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality —Corry, Pennsylvania. Received from the Bureau 
of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, ‘‘Webster No. 
6703,” lot No. 31 and 41; W. W. Yothers, collector; reared from 
larve of Crambus. The paratypes are from the type-locality except- 
ing some females as follows: ‘‘No. 196 Ex. Crambus caliginosus,” 
‘“No. 16920,” ‘‘No. 705, June 23,” ‘‘From unknown pupa, August 18, 
1872,” and additional specimens from Jacksonville, Florida, and 
Washington, District of Columbia. Ashmead collection. The atopo- 
paratypes (paratypes not from type-locality) paler than the types 
and paratopotypes, but in color pattern, structure, and sculpture 
apparently typical. 

MICROBRACON HOWARDI, new species. 


Belongs to that catagory of Marshall’s section I having a median 
longitudinal carina on the propodeum (T’ropidobracon Ashmead). 
Compares well with (Bracon) Microbracon fulvipes Nees, from which 
it differs as follows: 

Female.—Length 3.5 mm.; sheaths of the ovipositor 5.5 mm. long; 
mostly stramineous and yellow, head and thorax shining, abdomen 
dullish; head mostly stramineous, except for the orbits which are 
more or less yellow and the interocellar area which is black, vertex 
exceedingly finely sculptured; dorsulum indistinctly sculptured, its 
median longitudinal two-fourths brownish anteriorly, yellowish pos- 
teriorly, the outer fourths mostly blackish, scutel yellow, rest of 
thorax stramineous maculated with brownish except the mesepister- 
num which is mostly yellow, legs stramineous excepting the tarsi 
which are brownish; propodeum mostly brown, stramineous laterally, 
perfectly smooth and polished, the carina distinctly developed _ 
throughout; tergum of abdomen mostly granular, yellowish and 
stramineous, in part with brownish stains, second tergal segment 
mostly reticulate, the third with the reticulations so arranged as 
almost to make well defined striz. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13493, U.S.N.M. 

Ty pe-locality.—Chai-Chai, Mozambique, Portuguese East Africa. 


No. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIERECK. 185 


Received from C. W. Howard by the U.S. Department of Agricul- 
ture, Bureau of Entomology. 


MICROPLITIS MELIAN&, new species. 


Male.—Length, 2.5mm. Related to Microplitis cinctus Ashmead, 
compared with the type of which it differs chiefly as follows: Antenne 
blackish throughout, tegule and all coxe black; scutel shining, with 
ill-defined punctures; first tergal plate nearly twice as wide at base as 
at apex, parallel sided to beyond the middle and nearly twice as long as 
wide at base, smooth, sculptureless and shining, remaining segments 
smooth and shining virtually sculptureless, tergum blackish, the 
membranous portion of first and second segment rather brownish; 
hind femora and tibiz not concolorous throughout. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13508, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality —Grand River, Lowa. 

“From Meliana albilinea caterpillar of V stage.’’ 

Experiment 342, July 5, 1910, and Experiment 601, September 20, 
1910; R. L. Webster. 


PLATYSPATHIUS, new genus. 


Apparently related to Spathius from which it may be distinguished 
as follows: Greatest distance between lowest point on outer eye 
margin and occipital carinee about one and one-half times the greatest 
distance between uppermost point of outer eye margin and the occi- 
pital carina; notauli converging toward the hind third of the mesono- 
tum, at the beginning of which they terminate, the notauli as far as 
they go distinct and only half as far from each other where they end 
as where they begin, fore wings with the median vein strongly bent 
or curved toward the submedian which it almost touches, subdis- 
coidal vein interstitial with the median; first dorsal segment depressed, - 
apparently three times as wide at base as thick dorso-ventrally, 
approximately half as wide at base as at apex and nearly four times 
as long down the middle as wide at base, uniformly depressed through- 
out; second dorsal segment obtrapezoidal, its apical margin indis- 
tinctly arched back so that this segment is about as long down the 
middle as wide at base though laterally shorter than wide at base; 
suture between second and third segments indistinct, third segment 
shorter down the middle than laterally, gaster (abdomen beyond 
the petiole or first segment) bulbous. 

Type.—Platyspathius pictipennis, new species. 

PLATYSPATHIUS PICTIPENNIS, new species. 

Female.—Length, 4.5 mm.; sheaths of the ovipositor 2.5 mm. long; 
mostly dark castaneous, finely sculptured, dullish to shining; anten- 


ne 26-jointed, rather stramineous except for the 21st to 26th joints 
which are rather blackish, jomts of the flagel subequal, the first a 


186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. 


little longer than the second and nearly as long as the scape and 
pedicel combined; posterior third of mesonotum with a faint median 
longitudinal carma, fore wings mostly infuscated, with a whitish 
fascia extending from near the middle of the anterior margin of the 
costal cell nearly perpendicularly to the hind edge of the wing; basal 
third of stigma and about one-fifth of the first cubital cell adjoiming, 
whitish, this latter area comprising the first part of a second fascia 
which reappears from the junction of the cubitus and the first trans- 
verse cubitus to the hind margin of the wing; there is a hyaline spot 
in the marginal cell and the tip of the wing is washed out or almost 
hyaline; most veins in fore wings brownish, rest of stigma blackish; 
hind wings colorless except for most of the venation which is stramine- 
ous; tegule stramineous; propodeum with the upper aspect sepa- 
rated from the lateral nearly parallel sided aspects by a longitudinal 
carina on each side, the lateral areas hardly more than one-fourth 
the width of the median area at base, the latter with a short median 
longitudinal carina at base; first dorsal segment almost triangularly 
produced laterally at base into a kind of buttress, first and second 
tergal segments dullish, the following segments of the tergum blackish 
and more or less shining. 

Male.—Similar to the other sex but lacking the lateral processes to 
the first tergal segment and with the lateral aspects of the propodeum 
not so well circumscribed. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13489, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality.— Xalasi (Maputo), Lorenzo Marquez, Portuguese 
Kast Africa. 

Received from C. W. Howard, by the U. S. Department of Agri- 
culture, Bureau of Entomology. 

The maculation of the fore wings in this species recalls the Tineoid 
genus Argyresthia. 


POLYSTENIDEA, new genus. 


May prove to be the same as Polystenus Foerster, to which it seems 
to be more nearly related than to any other genus. 

Head back of the eyes extending nearly to or a little beyond the 
eye as seen in profile, antennz not more than 14-jointed; legs slender, 
basal joint of hind tarsi nearly as long as the next three jaints com- 
bined, disk of propodeum and disk of first dorsal segment approxi- 
mately equal in length, notauli wanting; abdomen with only four 
segments visible above. In other particulars very as in Hecabolus 
Curtis. 

Type.—P olystenidea parksi, new species. 

POLYSTENIDEA PARKSI, new species. 


Male.—Length 2.5 mm. Head black, finely sculptured, rather 
dullish, as seen from above, extending a little beyond outside line of 


No. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIEREOK. 187 


eyes back of the eyes, as seen from in front wider than long or with 
the facial line shorter than the transfacial line, ocelli not prominent, 
equidistant or nearly so, about one-third as far from each other as 
from the nearest eye margin, antenne 13-jointed, scape and pedicel 
pale, flagel brownish, joints subequal, the first joint a little longer 
than the second, mandibles and palpi mostly pale; thorax castaneous 
mostly blackish above, finely sculptured; propodeum with a median 
longitudinal carina that extends to a little beyond the middle and 
then bifurcates to form a nearly parallel sided petiolarea; hind wings 
without a parastigma, tegule, stigma, and most veins rather dusky 
stramineous, legs stramineous; abdomen finely sculptured, castane- 
ous laterally, mostly blackish above, basal facet of first dorsal segment 
bounded by a distinct carina and rather triangular with a delicate 
‘median carina extending from its apex to the apex of the first seg- 
ment, first dorsal segment trapezoidal, nearly two-thirds as long as 
the second segment which latter is trapezoidal although nearly 
quadrate and at least one-third again as long as the third, the third 
one-third again as long as the fourth, second segment with a faint 
incomplete longitudinal median carina. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13488, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality.— Wellington, Kansas. 

Received from the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of 
Entomology. “Swept from Agropyron, April 9, 1910;” T. H. Parks, 
collector. 


Named for Mr. T. H. Parks. 


POLYSTENIDEA METACOMET, new species. 


Female.—Length 1.5 mm. Head black, rather smooth and shin- 
ing; as seen from above, extending nearly to the outside line of the 
eyes back of the eyes, antennez 14-jomted, scape, pedicel, and man- 
dibles mostly pale; thorax black, legs mostly stramineous, rather 
infuscated; exserted portion of ovipositor as seen from above not as 
long as the apical segment of the abdomen. 

In other points this spcies answers well to the description of the 
genotype as described above. 

Type.—Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, 
Connecticut. 

Type-locality—New Haven, Connecticut; collected by the writer 
July 4, 1905. 


STENOPLEURA, new genus. 


Related to Protapanteles Ashmead, from which it may be dis- 
guished in the depressed thorax which is apparently wider from side 
to side than thick dorso-ventrally; lower edge of scrobe a little below 
or on a line with an imaginary straight line drawn across the face and 


188 PROCEEDINGS OF TIE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


connecting the middle point of each inner eye margin. Habitus quite 
different from Protapanteles, Apanteles, and Pseudapanteles, very 
suggestive of Goniozus and allied genera in the Bethylide. 

The male of the type-species was not known to the describer at 
the time the species was first described. At any rate, it has appar- — 
ently never been described. It differs from the female as described 
by Cameron especially in having the joints of the flagel at least three 
times as long as wide at base, otherwise it is very similar to the female 
except for the usual antigeny, as is obvious from an examination of a 
male received from C. W. Howard who sent specimens of this species 
to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, that 
were reared from Sesamia fusca in Portuguese Hast Africa. 

Type.—Apanteles sesamize Cameron. 


Family ICHNEUMONID. 


ANEMPHERES DIAPHANIA, new species. 


Female.—Length 8.5 mm. Upper edge of scrobe apparently not 
reflexed nearly as far from the anterior ocellus as the outer edges of 
the lateral ocelli are from each other, front rather uniformly rugulose, 
antenne 38-jointed, scape and pedicel yellowish beneath; dorsulum 
covered with whitish pubescence, tegule not prominently elevated, 
ridge bounding prepectus of mesothorax poorly developed or rudi- 
mentary above, episternum of mesothorax almost smooth and pol- — 
ished in part posteriorly, propodeum with only the basal three sides _ 
of the areola developed, no other raised lines present except the 
poorly developed upper lateral boundary of petiolarea, sulcus of pro- 
podeum very shallow, linear, transversely striate, spiracles nearly 
round, mid-coxe tipped with yellow, mid-trochanters yellow, mid- 
femora mostly brownish, hind trochanters yellow, their femora and 
tibie reddish brown, longest spur of hind tibie straight, wing mem- 
brane nearly colorless, tinged with fuscous, veins and stigma blackish, 
second abscissa of cubitus longer than the third, nervellus not broken; 
abdomen in profile clavate, petiole smooth and rounded without 
carine or fossv, distance from base of petiole to spiracle more than — 
twice that from spiracle to apex, petiole from a little before spiracle — 
to apex bullous and reddish, rest of petiole black; second dorsal seg- 
ment black and reddish, apical margin black, smooth except for a 
fine carina between base and thyridia, the latter longer than wide, and _ 
about as far from the base of the segment as from each other, rest of 
abdomen reddish except for a blackish area at base of third segment. 

Otherwise very similar to Campoplex oxyancanthe Boie. 

Type.—Female, Cat. No. 13485, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality— Raleigh, North Carolina. ‘‘Bred from pupal cases 
of Diaphania hyalinata, October 15, 1909. Under N. C. Exp. Sta. 
Col., Cat. No. 56.25. Received by the U.S. Department of Agricul- 
ture, Bureau of Entomology, from Prof. R. 5. Smith. 


No. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIERECK. 189 


CREMASTUS HYMENIAZ, new species. 


Judging from the accepted classification of Ophionine this species 
should not figure as a Cremastus because the occipital ridge is not 
broken and the radial cell extends more than halfway between the 
stigma and tip of the wing. In other particulars it is so closely simi- 
lar to the genotype of Cremastus that I am constrained to give it this 
position. 

Female.—Length 6.5 mm.; stramineous, head with a broad black- 
ish stain extending from the occipital foramen to the scrobes, orbits, 
malar space and clypeus yellow, rest of head mostly stramineous, 
dorsulum with three brownish areas; areola poorly defined below the 
costulee, finely sculptured and dull, the sculpture similar to that of 
the other areas of the propodeum; wings hyaline, most of veins and 
stigma dark brownish; postpetiole and second tergal segment finely 
closely striated, petiole proper blackish, second tergal segment 
mostly blackish as is the third at base, exserted portion of sheaths of 
the ovipositor about half the length of the tergum of the abdomen. 

Male——Similar to the opposite sex. 

Type-—Cat. No. 13507, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality —Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. 

“Bred from Hymenia fascias, August 16, 1910.” H. O. Marsh, 


collector. 
Genus HYPERALLUS Foerster. 


The following species described under this genus would seem to 
differ from Foerster’s description only in having the longer of the 
hind spurs at least half as long as the first joint of the hind tarsi. 
The thyridia of the second dorsal segment are not much more devel- 
oped than in Scopesis. Assuming that the thyridia are not con- 
spicuous in our species the same would be best received into Scopesis. 
Our species is apparently, however, sufficiently different from Scopesis 
to give Hyperallus standing as separate from Scopesis. 


HYPERALLUS CALIROZ, new species. 


Compared with Scopesis guttigera (Holmgren) Thomson, this 
differs as follows: 

Female.—Length, 3.5 mm.; front hardly depressed, first flagellar 
joint virtually as long as scape and pedicel combined, head black, 
dullish in front, polished behind, scape and pedicel yellowish, first and 
second flagellar joints rather stramineous, remaining joints more or 
less dark brown; clypeus mostly yellowish as are the mandibles, 
palpi stramineous or yellowish, posterior ocelli about as far from each 
other as from the nearest point on the eye, but nearer to the anterior 
ocellus than to each other; thorax shining, poorly sculptured; dorsu- 
lum brownish, more or less stained with blackish; prothorax mostly 


190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vot. 40. 


stramineous, tubercles and tegulz yellowish as is the disk of the upper 
division of the mesepisternum, disk of scutel brownish as is the disk 
of the metanotum (postscutel), rest of thorax mostly black or black- 
ish; propodeum black, the areola poorly or not at all satisfactorily 
defined, virtually confluent with the basal area and petiolarea, apical — 
transverse carina well developed on each side of the median longi- 
tudinal carine, lateral carine virtually wanting, median longitudinal 
carine wanting or poorly defined where they bound the basal area; 
wings transparent tinted with brown, veins and stigma mostly dark 
brown, legs mostly stramineous, hind tibiz with most of apical third 
blackish, hind tarsi mostly fuscous, fore and mid-coxe and all tro- 
chanters more or less yellowish; abdomen shining; basal tergite 
granular, blackish except for the apical fifth which is mostly stramine- 
ous with two longitudinal carine; second tergal segment granular, 
with the apical two-fifths mostly stramineous as are the thyridia, 
remaining tergal segments smoother than the preceding, although 
more or less similarly colored, ovipositor not exserted. 

Male.—Similar except for the thorax, which is almost entirely 
black and in the better developed carine of propodeum and first 
tergal segment. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13504, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality —Tallulah, Louisiana. 

Received from the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of 
Entomology, under Hunter No. 1936, II, 14, 8-10-10, 7-12-10. Par. 
Oaliroa amygdalina, R. A. Cushman, collector; additional data on 
specimens bearing the same number and locality are II, 10, 5-17-10, 
4216-105 Tle 17 9242104812109 71018 t= 10) 


Genus CAMPOLETIS Foerster 
Type.—Limnerium (Campoletis) prodenzx, new species. 
LIMNERIUM (CAMPOLETIS) PRODENIZ, new species. 


Female.—Length, 5mm. Black, covered with silvery pubescence 
that obscures the tegument only on the face and there only when 
viewed in certain lights; cheeks in the middle hardly more than half 
as wide as the eye as seen from the side, malar line a little shorter 
than the mandibles are wide at base, clypeus depressed along the 
anterior margin which is smooth and polished in the middle where it 
is produced into a kind of lip approaching in character the anterior 
edge in Sagarites, lateral suture between clypeus and face appearing 
distinct owing to the apparent reflection of the lateral edge of the 
clypeus, scape partly brownish in front, rest of antenne: black or 
blackish, mandibles yellowish except apically where they are as 
usual more or less castaneous to blackish, palpi yellowish; inner edge 
of eyes slightly, shallowly impressed above the middle. greatest 
diameter of lateral ocellus hardly more than half as long as the ocel- 


no. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIERECK. 191 


locular line, lateral ocellar line a little longer than the greatest diameter 
of the lateral ocellus, postocellar line nearly one and one-half times 
as long as the lateral ocellar line; costule developed, extending to 
the lateral longitudinal carine, which latter are not well defined, 
basal area and areola nearly as in Limnerium oxylus Cresson except 
that the third abscissa of the median longitudinal carina is nearly 
parallel to its fellow of the opposite side, apical transverse carina 
poorly developed, more or less wanting, second abscissa of radius 
straight as compared with the first and a little more than one and 
one half times as long as the same, stigma nearly three times as long 
as wide or high, areolet mesochorine in shape, petiolate, nervellus 
angulate below the middle, the portion below the angulation post- 
furcal, hind claws apparently simple; tegule, base of wings, anterior, 
middle and distal posterior trochanters yellow, anterior and middle 
coxe more or less brownish, hind coxe black, proximal posterior 
trochanters mostly blackish, fore and mid-femora translucent brown- 
ish, hind femora castaneous, fore and mid-tibie translucent brownish 
with yellowish above except apically, hind tibizw variegated with a 
yellowish band at base followed by a fuscous band then a yellow band, 
and finally with the apical third infuscated, tarsi more or less brown- 
ish; abdomen with a more or less developed apical brownish band to 
the dorsal segments and with the greater part of the sides of the com- 
pressed segments brownish, plica yellow infuscated. 

Male.—Similar to the female. The type lacks entirely the apical 
transverse Carine. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13483, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality.—Mount Washington, Ohio. 

The types were received from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, 
Bureau of Entomology, with the following legends: ‘‘Bred from 
Prodenia ornithogalli, August 21, 1909.’ H. M. Miller, collector. 


MEGARHYSSA GREENEI, new species. 


Female.—Length, 27 mm.; sheaths of the ovipositor 35 mm. long; 
similar to Megarhyssa lunator (Fabricius Cresson), from which it 
may be distinguished by the maculation of the wings being confined 
to the basal half of the marginal cell and to the apical third of the 
discocubital cell and by the length of the sheaths of the ovipositor 
which compared with the length of the body are comparatively 
shorter than in Megarhyssa lunator (Fabricius, Cresson). 

Male.—Similar in color with the female but with traces of infus- 
cation along the basal vein; abdomen differing from that in Megar- 
hyssa lunator (Fabricius, Cresson) in ground color, and in the third 
to seventh tergal segments lacking a median longitudinal furrow. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13499, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality.—Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; female June 21, male 
August 22, 1908. Collected by A. B. Champlain. 


192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


The paratypes are from Boonton, New Jersey, August 14, 1901, 
collected by Geo. M. Greene; Canada; Pequaquawaming Point, 
Baraga County, Michigan, ‘‘woods on maple,” July 23, 1903, col- 
lected by Morgan Hebard; Indiana (Baker), No. 2002; Harrisburg, 
Pennsylvania, June 8, 1908, August 22, 1908, P. R. Myers, collector; 
New Haven, Connecticut, August 10, 1909, A. T. Bourne; Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania, July 4, 1899, H. Skinner. 

In the smallest paratype the body is 17 mm. long and the sheaths 
of the ovipositor 22 mm. long. 


MESOCHORUS INFERNALIS, new species. 


Female.—Length, 2.6 mm. Related to M. scitulus Cresson, from 
which it may be distinguished as follows: Basal areas brownish, 
basal area about three times as wide at base as at apex and nearly 
four times as long down the middle as wide at apex, areola a little 
more than twice as long as wide between the costule, sides of areola 
basad of costule a little shorter than sides of areola beyond the 
costule and about twice as long as the areola at apex, petiolarea 
about as long as the areola, but twice as wide as the same, one-third 
as wide at base as at apex, the basal sides a little shorter than the 
apical sides; basal third of first abdominal segment stramineous, 
apical third partly castaneous, hind femora stramineous, hind tibiz 
banded at base and apex with fuscous, their tarsi stramineous. 

Male.—Similar to the female. Basal areas blackish; areola and 
second lateral area brownish; apical third of first abdominal segment - 
black. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13480, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality—Santa Maria, Texas. Received from the U. S. 
Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, under Webster, 
No. 4612. Reared in connection with Apanteles (Protapanteles) — 
flaviconche Riley, which is probably its host. The date is March | 
15, 1909. Collector, T. D. Urbahns. 


MESOCHORUS PATULUS, new name. 


Mesochorus arcolatus VinRECK, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 29, p. 92, separate p. 
91, 1903; not Provancher, Nat. Can., vol. 14, 1883, pp. 4, 5. 


MESOCHORUS NIGRISIGNUS, new species. 


Female.—Length, 3.5 mm.; exserted portion of sheaths of the ovi- 
positor at least two-thirds the length of the first tergal segment; 
stramineous, shining, head and dorsulum tinged with brownish; 
pronotal groove not divided by a longitudinal median carina, areola 
pentagonal, its bounding carine sharply defined, but little more than 
twice as long down the middle as wide between the junction of the | 
costule, the latter width nearly twice that of the areola on its shortest 


no. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIERECK. 193 


side; hind tibiz whitish, brownish at base and apex; first tergal 
segment with gradually converging sides to the beginning of the 
apical two-thirds, beyond this point gradually widening so that it is 
at least twice as wide at apex as at base, smooth and _ polished; 
setting of the spiracles virtually not at all elevated to a higher plane 
than the rest of the segment, postpetiole with a shallow almost tear- 
shaped fossa down the middle, second tergal segment with a deeply, 
triangularly emarginate black band immediately beyond the thyridia. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13509, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality—Grand River, Lowa. 

Presumably parasitic on Microplitis meliane Viereck. 4‘From 
Meliana albilinea, Experiment 500, July, 1910.” R. L. Webster. 


PHYGADEUON (BATHYMETIS) PATULUS, new species. 


Male—Length, 7.5 mm. Compared with the description of 
Phygadeuon (Mastrus) neodipriont Viereck as given below this 
species differs as follows: Face shining, with rather clearly defined 
punctures, clypeus with a testaceous mark on each side, antennx 
30-jointed, flagel brownish throughout, darker above on basal half 
and throughout beyond the middle than above at base; tegule 
yellow, coxz and trochanters of fore legs and trochanters of middle 
legs mostly yellow, fore tibiz and tarsi virtually stramineous, middle 
lateral area ribbed with rather prominent ruge; tergum smooth, 
polished, almost sculptureless throughout. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13506, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality.—Crawford, Nebraska. 

“Bred from a Diprionid July 18, 1910.” M. H. Swenk. 


Genus DAICTES Foerster (=ISOTIMA Foerster.) 


The following species is regarded by the writer as an Jsotima with 

an areolet, as is found in Hemiteles Gravenhorst, strictly speaking. 
_As it agrees with the diagnosis of Daictes Foerster except in having 
an incomplete areolet and the latter name has page precedence, it is 
proposed to regard it as a Daictes Foerster and assign it as a sub- 
genus of Phygadeuon at present, it being apparently a Phygadeuo- 
nine in spite of the conformation of the areolet. Compared with the 
genotype of Stiboscopus (Foerster) Ashmead, Stiboscopus thoracicus 
Ashmead, the description of Daictes will read as follows: 

Antenne thickened so that the first flagellar jot is hardly more 
than three times as long as thick at base, greatest width of head 
back of the eyes, as seen in profile as great as the corresponding width 
of the eyes seen from the same point of view, distance from the 
antennal line to the apex of clypeus about as great as the distance 
from middle of face to eye margin; apical transverse carina 

80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11 13 


194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 
Sa a aaa Ba aE a aD Oc na Te 
angularly produced into a flattened process where it joins the lateral 


longitudinal carina, costule poorly developed almost lost in part 
among the sculpture, first abscissa of the discoidal vein as long as 
the remaining abscisse combined, the side of the stigma adjoining 
the disco-cubital cell almost half again as long as the side adjoining 
the radial cell; spiracles of first tergal segment prominent, the same 
segment with a distinct carina extending from the spiracles to the 
apex of the segment. 


PHYGADEUON (DAICTES) FUKAII, new species. 


Female.—Length, 5.5 mm.; head black, dullish, indistinctly punc- 
tured, scape and mandibles black, shiming as is the clypeus, pedicel 
blackish, first, second, and third joints of the flagel brownish, remain- 
ing fe Scllae ine black or blackish, lateral ocellus a little nearer the 
anterior ocellus than to the eye margin, palpi stramineous, infuscated ; 
thorax black and shining, indistinctly punctured, tegula brownish, 
wings suffused with brownish, veins dark brown, stigma dark brown 
except at base, where it is yellowish, fore wings yellow at base, legs 
mostly reddish brown, coxe black, tibiz and tarsi stramimeous, 
infuscated, proximal trochanters more or less blackish, distal trochan- 
ters more or less concolorous with femora; propodeum black, shining, 
indistinctly punctured, the fused angular area and third lateral area 
rugose; first tergal segment black and polished, the dilated portion 
finely aciculated, second and third tergal segments reddish, polished, 
more or less indistinctly sculptured, remaining tergal segments black, 
polished, almost sculptureless, sheaths of the ovipositor blackish, 
about as long as the first tergal segment. 

‘Type.—Cat. No. 13498, U.S.N.M. 

-Type-locality.—Konosu, Saitama, Japan. 
» T, Fukai, collector. 
- Named for Mr: T. Fukai. 


Genus MASTRUS- Foerster. 


-The species. to be described. below is evidently a°Phygadeuonine 
with an incomplete areolet. , In Foerster’s classification this would go 
to Leptodemas on condition, that, the areolet be; ignored. »Now the 
_ genotype of Leptodemas would appear to be L. cariniscutis Cameron, as 
that is the first species to be included under Leptodemas to the know]- 
edge of, the writer. Accordingly . the description , of Leptodemas 
Foerster is. amplified through. Cameron’s description, of Leptodemas 
_carimiscutis Cameron. As, the Leptodemas Foerster, Cameron: has 
the. scutel carinate laterally on the basal half and the wings with.a 
complete areolet, which is not the case in the following species, it is 
deemed tnwise to call it a Leptodemas Foerster, Cameron. In 


NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIERECK. — 195 


Foerster’s classification of the Hemitelini where our species would 
70 on account of the incomplete areolet we find that it attaches 
itself to Mastrus Foerster. As Masirus has as yet no species in it 
we propose to take the liberty to include our species and transfer 
Mastrus to the Phygadeuonine near Leptodemas. 


PHYGADEUON (MASTRUS) NEODIPRIONI, new species. 


_ Female.—Length 6 mm.; exserted portion of sheaths of the ovi- 
positor about two-thirds the length of the tergum, head black and 
shining except for the face which while black is dullish and mostly 
closely punctures, the punctures not clearly circumscribed, basal half 
‘of mandibles mostly testaceous, the apical half mostly castaneous 
margined with black; antenne ore inten, from testaceous to brown- 
ish beneath, fuscous above, palpi mostly stramineous; thorax black 
and shining, tegule onmiele, wing base yellow, wing transparent 
tinged with brown, most of veins and most of stigma blackish, coxe 
‘and trochanters the color of brownish amber, femora, fore and mid- 
tibie reddish, hind tibixe reddish tinged with brown, tarsi mostly 
brownish ; propodeum black and shining, poorly sculptured except 
im the confiuent angular and third lateral areas where the sculpture 
consists of coarse ruge; first tergal segment black on its basal half 
becoming reddish meal with black beyond, first tergal seement 
beyond the spiracles, or the postpetiole, longitudinally striated later- 
ally; second tergal segment reddish, shining, the apical two-fifths 
‘depressed and very smooth, the basal three-fifths not depressed and 
granularly sculptured; remaining tergal segments smooth and pol- 
ished almost sculptureless, the third and fourth brighter red than the 
preceding; fifth reddish suffused with black at base, blackish apically 
Margined with stramineous; sixth segment blackish margined with 
‘straminoeus; seventh segment blackish except in most of its middle 
third where it is PC nib naone and stramineous, sheaths of the ovi- 
positor blackish, ovipositor mostly translucent reddish brown. 
Type.—Cat. No. 13505, U.S.N.M. 
. Type-locality.— Crawford, Nebraska. 
“Bred from a Diprionid July 18, 1910.”’ M. H. Swenk, No. 1. 


Genus TOXOPHOROIDES Cresson. 


Type.—Lycorina? apicalis Cresson. 


Related to Lycorina Holmgren but differs especially as follows: 
_ Apical joint of antenne as long as or longer than the two preceding 
joints combined; scutel rounded off at apex and narrower at apex 
than long down the middle; propodeum without a basal area and 
with only the arcuate transverse carina! fully developed, no other 


*1In the male as represented by Glypta ranthozonata- Ashmead, even this carina is incomplete. 


196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


carine present except the median and lateral longitudinal carinse 
which latter are much abbreviated and arise at the apex of the 
sclerite but do not attain a pomt anywhere near the middle of this 
segment, basal segment with a flarmg buttress on each side of the 
basal half of the segment, the basal segment not at all channeled 
down the middle; apical joint of hind tarsi shorter than the two 
preceding. 
Still another species of Toxophoroides is Glypta ‘scitula Cresson. 


FINAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE CATALOGUE OF THE PUB- 
LISHED WRITINGS OF CHARLES ABIATHAR WHITE, 
1897-1908. 


By Timotuy W. Stanton, 


Custodian of the Mesozoic Collection, U. S. National Museum. 


Dr. Charles A. White, who died in Washington June 29, 1910, at 
the age of eighty-four, had been officially connected with the United 
States National Museum for more than thirty years as curator of 
paleontology, honorary curator of Mesozoic fossils, and, finally, after 
retirement from more active duties, as associate in paleontology. 
A brief biographical notice will be published in the Annual Report 
of the United States National Museum. 

An annotated list of his published papers was included in Bulletin 
30 of the United States National Museum, published in 1885, and a 
supplement bringing the record down to 1897, with a total of 211 
entries, was printed in the Proceedings of the United States National 
Museum, volume 20, pages 627-642. It is appropriate that the insti- 
tution with which Doctor White was so long associated should com- 
plete the record of his activity as a scientific writer by printing the 
following final supplemental list containing 27 titles of papers pub- 
lished between 1898 and 1908. The titles are taken from a chrono- 
logically arranged and numbered manuscript list prepared by Doctor 


White himself. 
Olle 


Wuire, ©. A. Household Fuels and their Economic Uses. (Edited by his daughter, 
Marian White.) American Kitchen Magazine, vol. 9, pp. 16-18 ;. 59-62; 137-142; 
182-184; 221-225, and vol. 10, pp. 13-17; 49-54; 124-129; 162-164; 207-209. 
Boston, 1898-1899. 

213. 


' Waite, ©. A. Early Homes and Home-makers of Iowa. Annals of Iowa, ser. 3, vol. 
4, pp. 179-195. Des Moines, 1899. 


214. 


Waiter, ©. A. Tne structure and significance of certain botanical terms. Science, 
new ser., vol. 12, pp. 62-64. New York, 1900. 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No. 18138. 
197 


198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


ee eel 


215. 


Wuire, ©. A. Epitropism, Apotropism and the Tropaxis. Science, new ser., vol. 
12, pp. 143-6. New York, 1900. 


216. 


Warr, ©. A. Varietal Mutation in the Tomato. Science, new ser., vol. 14, pp. 
841-844. New York, 1901. 
Pare 


Warrr, ©. A. Memoir of Rev. Willis Hervey Barris, D.D. Annals of Iowa, ser. 3, 
vol. 5, pp. 219-224. Des Moines, 1901. 


218. 


Wire, ©. A. The Mutation Theory of Professor de Vries. Annual Report of the 
Smithsonian Institution for 1901, pp. 631-640. Washington. 


219. 


Wnirr, ©. A. The Saltatory Origin of Species. Bull. Torrey Botanical Club, vol. 29, 
pp. 511-522. New York, 1902. 


220. 


Wuirr, ©. A. My Tomato Experiments. New York Independent, vol. 54, pp. 1460- 
1464. New York, 1902. 
221. 


Wuirr, ©. A. Petiolate Connation in Trifolium Pratense. Torreya, vol. 2, pp. 183 
184. New York, 1902. 
222. 


Wuirr, ©. A. Aggregate Atavic Mutation in the Tomato. Science, new ser., vol. 17 
pp. 76-78. New York, 1903. 
223. 


Wuirr, ©. A. My Boyhood Recollections of the Sac and Fox Indians. Annals 0 
Iowa, ser. 3, vol. 8, pp. 617-625. Des Moines, 1903. 


224. 


Wuire, ©. A... A Visit to the Quarry-Caves of Jerusalem. Popular Science Monthly 
vol. 62, pp. 544-549. New York, 1903. 


225. 


Warr, ©. A. Spontaneous Fission of Olive trees in Palestine. Plant World, vol. 6 
pp. 57, 58, one plate. Washington, 1903. 


226. 


Wuirr, ©. A. De Mutatie-Theorie en de Paleontologie. Album du Natuur, 1903 
7 aflevering, pp. 231-238. Haarlem, Netherlands. Translation into Dutch fro 
the English manuscript. 

227. 


Wuirr, ©. A. Die Mutationstheorie und der Paliontologie. Natur und Schul 
vol. 3, pts. 5-6, pp. 248-253; Berlin and Leipzig, 1904. Translated into Ger 
from the same manuscript as entry 226. 


No. 1813. WRITINGS OF CHARLES A. WHITE—STANTON. 199 


228. 


Wuire, ©. A. The Mutations of Lycopersicum. Popular Science Monthly, vol. 67, 
pp. 151-161. New York, 1905. 


229. 


Waiter, C. A. The Relation of Phylogenesis to Historical Geology. Science, new 
ser., vol. 22, pp. 105-113. New York, 1905. 


230. 


Warr, ©. A. The Ancestral Origin of the North American Unionidae, or Fresh’ 
Water Mussels. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 48, (Quarterly Issue), 
pt. 1, pp. 75-88, pls. 26-31. Washington, 1905. 


231. 


Wuire, ©. A. Memoir of John Strong Newberry. Biographical Memoirs of the 
National Academy of Sciences, vol. 6, pp. 1-24. Washington, 1906. 


232. 


Waite, ©. A. The Black Locust Tree and its Despoliation. Popular Science 
Monthly, vol. 68, pp. 211-218. New York, 1906. 


233. 


Waite, C. A. The Northern Limit of the Papaw Tree. Science, new ser., vol. 23, 
pp. 749-751. New York, 1906. 


234. 


Wuire, ©. A. Biographical Memoir of Dr. Charles Christopher Parry. Annals of 
Iowa, ser. 3, vol. 7. Des Moines, 1906. 


235. 


Wuirr, C. A. The Archaic Monetary Terms of the United States. Smithsonian 
Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 50 (Quarterly Issue), pp. 93-104. Washington, ° 
1907. 

236. 


Wuirr, ©. A. Aggregate Mutation of Gossypium. Science, new ser., vol. 27, p. 191. 
New York, 1908. 
237. 


Wuire, ©. A. The Phenogamous Parasites. American Naturalist, vol. 42, pp. 12-33. 
Boston, 1908. 
238. 


Wuire, C. A. The Aggregate Mutation of Parasitic Plants. American Naturalist, 
. vol, 42, pp. 98-106. Boston, 1908. 


239. 


Waite, C. A. The origination of organic Forms. Annals of Iowa, ser. 3, vol. 8, pp. 
343-358. Des Moines, 1908. 


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NOTES UPON TWO RARE FLATFISHES (GYMNACHIRUS 
FASCIATUS GUNTHER AND G. NUDUS KAUP). 


By W. C. KENDALL, 
Assistant, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. 


On January 29, 1903, on station 7438, in Jewfish Bush Lake, 64 
miles northwest by north of the west end of Long Key, Florida, in 
8 feet of water, where the bottom consisted of ‘‘coral bar,” the U.S. 
Fish Commission steamer Mish Hawk took in a small ‘‘scrape dredge” 
a specimen of . fasciatus Ginther, 24 inches long, of which this is the 
first published record, and the only one of the species since that of 
the specimen described by Giinther! from some unknown locality. 

Ginther’s description of G. fasciatus indicates that it differs from 
G. nudus Kaup only in the number of dorsal and anal fin rays and the 
presence of a rudimentary pectoral fin on the right side. 

The present specimen agrees essentially with the description by 
Gunther, but perhaps showing a few more faint crossbars; being oval 
rather than circular, broadest posteriorly, and having an irregularly 
curved lateral line, arched somewhat in front, then curving gradually 
downward, then upward, thence straight to the tip of caudal, and 
somewhat longer pectoral. 

Head 4; depth 1.81; lower eye 4.28; distance from lower eye to 
tip of upper jaw 2.70; depth of caudal peduncle 2 in head. Lower 
pectoral ray prolonged, longer than eye. Eye in pectoral 1.4; D. 68; 
eases Pods) C. 16: 

Transverse rows of cilia on body white tipped; preopercular and 
opercular ridges, chin, mouth, and snout fringed with cirri; ventral 
fringed; strongly fringed in front of dorsal to tip of snout, making it 
difficult to tell where dorsal begins; tips of dorsal, anal, and caudal 
rays bifid. 

Color on right side brown with fourteen or more narrow, transverse, 
darker bars, extending on vertical fins, and plain lighter brownish on 

1 Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum, vol. 4, 1862, p. 488. 

Condensed description from Giinther: 

Total length 74 inches; head about 44 (53 in total length); depth about 14 (2in total length with cau- 
dal); D. 68; A. 50; P. 2; V. 5; pectoral very small, 3 in orbit; jaws hidden in thick skin; lips and left 
side of head covered with fringes; gill-opening not extending upward as far as pectoral; vertical finsin 
thick skin. 

Yellowish olive with 14 brown cross bands, as broad as the interspaces, all extending on dorsal and 


anal, the first across snout, second and third across eye; caudal with 3 brown cross bands; tips of the 
rays of the vertical fins white. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSEuM, VOL. 40—No. 1814. 
201 


202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 


left side; tips of vertical fins, caudal rays, and pectoral white. Pre- 
served in U. S. National Museum. 

On October 20, 1906, Mr. Vinal N. Edwards, agent of the Bureau 
of Fisheries, at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, collected in’ Tisbury 
Great Pond, near the outlet, Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, a 
specimen of naked sole, of hich the only previous’ record is he 
original one of Kaup,' ito in 1858, under the name Gymnachirus 


Fig. 1.—GYMNACHIRUS FASCIATUS. 


nudus, described a scealeless sole from Bahia, Brazil, making it the 
type of a new genus. 

The Tisbury Great Pond specimen of G. nudus is somewhat larger 
and more circular in outline than the Florida specimen of @. fasciatus, 
darker in color, and has a straighter lateral line. It also appears to 
have a longer head, somewhat smaller eye, and longer snout, but 
otherwise, except in the absence of pectoral, agrees with it very 
closely as it does with the description of G. fasciatus of Ginther. 


fi 

1Ubersicht der Soleinze der vierten subfamilie der Pleuronectide, Weigenmann Archiv fiir Naturge- ; 
schichte, vol. 1, 1858, p. 101. 

Abridged translation of description: 

“Without vestige of scales on body and fins. Anterior nostril in lip, next corner of mouth; second — 
above this, midway between theeyes. Fiveraysin right ventral fin; noleft ventral. * * * ( 

“Somewhat longer,than deep, profile and chin with cilia. Lateral line above middle of opercle, high, 
curved, and reaching tip ofsnout. The slimy brown body with 14 black crossbars, which extend upon 
the fins. Irregular concentric rings about the eyes. Caudal fin edged with white, with two black bands 
at beginning. 

SOD bls A. 42° Vi. 0-bs (Coals. 

‘Bahia; presented to the Paris collection by the Geneva Museum.’’ 


No, 1814. TWO RARE FLATFISHES—KENDALL. 203 


Total length about 2? inches; head 3.82; depth 1.85; lower eye 
4.75; distance from lower eye to tip of upper jaw 2.77; depth of 
caudal peduncle 1.70 in head. D. 64; A. 50; V. 5; C. 16. 

Strongly fringed about the head, in front of dorsal and ventral, and 
crossrows of cilia on body; tips of rays of vertical fins and caudal 
bifid. 

Color in formalin very dark brown with slight traces of fourteen or 
more darker crossbars on body, which have disappeared after a long 


Fig. 2.—GYMNACHIRUS NUDUS. 


time in alcohol, the body becoming almost black; left side very 
dusky but not so black; tips of vertical fin rays white. (Cat. No. 
67356, U.S.N.M.) 

More remarkable than the presence of this bottom fish in southern 
Massachusetts waters is the fact that it was taken in a so-called pond 
or estuary usually inclosed from the sea several months of the year. 
Of course, in the pond it is a chance occurrence, probably being one 
of the numerous stray species from southern waters brought north 
by the Gulf Stream as a surface-swimming young. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF TINEOID MOTHS (MICROLEPIDOPTERA) 
FROM SOUTH AMERICA. 


By Avaust Busck, 
Of the Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 


The U. S. National Museum is indebted to Mr. William Schaus for 
the material on which the following paper is based, as well as for the 
bulk of the Central and South American material of tineoid moths it 
possesses, which is considerable. 

In the working up of this material the writer has carefully avoided 
any interference with Lord Walsingham’s part of the Biologia 
Centrali-Americana, which is now in press or partly issued, and with 

the material for rien the writer is thoroughly familiar. For this 
reason very many new species and genera from South America, now 
contained in the National Museum, were passed by and these remain 
to be described when the genera shall have been established by the 
publication of the Bilan 

In the identification of the forms already described from Sonik 
America, Zeller’s careful descriptions usually suffice to establish the 
identity of the species; Felder’s species also may be recognized with 
reasonable certainty from his colored figures. Walker’s numerous 
descriptions, on the other hand, are as a rule quite inadequate for 
recognition, but the writer has had the opportunity to study his 
types in the British Museum, and the National Museum has obtained 
carefully colored figures of these types, which proved a valuable aid 
in their identification. 


Family GELECHIID/. 


PLEUROTA LITERATELLA, new species. 


Plate 8, fig. 12. 


Labial palpi very long, typically Pleurota-formed, brown with 
whitish base. Face and tongue whitish. Head and thorax light 
brown. Forewings long, narrow, pointed, spear-shaped, light brown; 
dorsal half somewhat lighter and more yellowish than costal half 
and separated from it by an indistinct longitudinal streak of darker 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 40—No. 1815. 
205 


206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. 


brown; at the end of the cell is a faint blackish shade, hardly dis- 
cernible as two small black dots; on the middle of the wing are two 
small, well-defined ocher-yellow dots, edged with reddish scales, one 
on each side of vein 1%; extreme dorsal edge ocherous towards base. 
Hindwings yellowish white. Abdomen above salmon red; under- 
side and anal tufts yellowish white. Legs yellowish white, tufts on 
posterior tibiz brown. 

Alar expanse.—32-38 mm. 

Habitat—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13557, U.S.N.M. 

Cotype in British Museum. 

A striking species typical of the genus in oral and venational 
characters, but with rather unusual narrow, spear-shaped forewings. 


PSORICOPTERA APICEPUNCTA, new species. 
Plate 9, fig. 35. 


Labial palpi light ocherous, mottled with brown. Antenne 
brown with basal third deep black. Face ocherous. Head light 
brown. Thorax light brown; patagia with base black. Forewings 
light deer brown, finely mottled with indistinct, transverse, black 
striation; on the middle of the cell is a smali black, oblong spot, and 
at extreme apex is another deep black, very prominent, larger spot. 
Cilia light brown. Hindwings dark silky fuscous. Abdomen dark 
fuscous above, underside light brown. Legs ocherous brown. 

Alar expanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat—Cayenne, French Guiana; Panama; Tuis, Turrialba, and 
Sixola River, Costa Rica. Wm. Schaus, collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13558, U.S.N.M. 

* Cotype in British Museum. 

A striking, clear-cut species, typical of the genus and not mistakable 

for any other described ‘species. 


Family G@COPHORID/L. 
FILINOTA, new genus. 


Type.— Filinota hermosella Busck. 

Labial: palpi long, recurved, reaching beyond the ivertex;. second 
joint slightly thickened with smoothly appressed -~- scales; terminal 
joint long, but shorter than second, slim, smooth, pomted. “Antennse 
longer than the forewings, finely ciliated (1); basal joimt without 
pecten. Tongue long, curled, scaled. Forewings long and:narrow, 
nearly five times as long as broad; costa and dorsum nearly parailel; 
termen evenly rounded; apex bluntly pointed; 12 veins; 7-and 8 
stalked; 7 to costa; 2 from before end of cell; 3 and 4 stalked from 


no. 1815. SOUTH AMERICAN TINEOID MOTHS—BUSCK. PAW 


end of, cell; 1° furcate at base. Hindwings broader than the fore- 
wings; costa straight; dorsum and termen evenly rounded; apex 
rather pointed; 7 veins; 8 free; 6 and 7 parallel; 3 and 4 coincident; 
m5 approximate to 3 wk Posterior tibia nearly smooth, slightly 
hairy above. , 

Closely related to the European genus Carcina Hiibner, but further 
developed and differing in the narrow wings and the coincident veins 
3 and 4 in the hindwings; also it has lost the pecten on the basal 
joint of the antenne and vein 7 has reached the costal side of apex. 


FILINOTA HERMOSELLA, new species. 
Plate 8, fig. 7 


Labial palpi light golden yellow, touched exteriorly with carmine. 
Face and head straw yellow; collar carmine. Antenne carmine with 
golden underside and basal joint and with pale yellow tip, preceded 
i by a broad blackish band. Thorax golden yellow with central car- 
mine spot. Ground color of the forewings bright carmine with 
‘golden yellow, blackish brown, and silvery white ornamentation; 
costal edge from near base to apex and terminal edge golden; on the 
dorsal edge are two silvery white spots, one at basal fourth continued 
‘up into a whitish yellow spot on the cell, the other triangular at 
“apical third. Three small golden yellow dashes are found on basal 
half of the wing, one at the base, one just within the dorsal margin 
beyond the first silvery spot, and one following the continuation of 
that spot on the middle of the cell. On the middle of the apical part 
of the wing is a large conspicuous silvery white dash surrounded 
first by carmine, then by blackish brown scales, which latter are 
continued into long winding lines in the central part of the carmine, 
between the various white and golden spots. Cilia blackish brown. 
findwings paler carmine with golden cilia. Abdomen carmine 
above, yellow laterally and on the underside. Front legs carmine, 
sannulated with black; hind legs yellow with a deep black, longitu- 
‘dinal line on first tarsal jomt. Underside of wings bright carmine. 
_ Alar expanse.—15-17 mm. 
*Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. \ Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 
‘Type.—Cat. No. 13559; U:S.N.M. 
A very striking brilliantly colored: insect. 
, - FILINOTA PERUVIELLA, new species. 
; Plate 8; fig. 9. 


‘Labial palpi light golden yellow. Face silvery white. “Head yel- 
‘low touched with carmine. Antenne yellow. Thorax yellow with 
carmine anterior and posterior spots. Forewings light yellow with 
carmine and blackish brown streaks. Base of costal edge carmine; 
three longitudinal carmine lines on basal part of the wing; from 


208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


basal fourth of costa to the middle of dorsum and back to the apical 
third of costa runs a narrow blackish brown line shaped like a V, 
lightly edged with carmine; across the tip of the wing runs a similar 
brown line, also edged. with carmine, parallel with the outer leg of 
the V and connected with it by two longitudinal, somewhat oblique 
carmine lines. Cilia brownish yellow. Hindwings silvery white. 
Abdomen light yellow. Legs yellow. 

Alar expanse.—17 mm. 

Habitat.—Peru. -Schaus collection. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13560, U.S.N.M. 

An equally striking species, closely allied to the type of the genus 
but with quite different pattern and of lighter color. 


Genus PELEOPODA Zeller: 
Peleopoda ZELLER, Horee Soc. Ent. Rossicee, vol. 13, 1877, p. 385. 


Type.—Peleopoda lobitarsis Zeller. 

Though Zeller’s generic descriptions are totally inadequate for abso- 
lute determination, I feel reasonably assured in applying his name 
Peleopoda to the present genus, which has the following characters: 
Labial palpi rather short, hardly reaching vertex; second joint thick- 
ened with loose scales toward apex; terminal joint short, pointed. 
Antenne about half the wing length, ciliated; basal joint without 
pecten, thickened with scales. Tongue short. Thorax and abdomen 
robust. Forewings elongate, two and one-half times as long as 
broad; slightly broadened outwardly; costa straight, a little de- 
flected toward apex; apex bluntly pointed; termen straight, oblique; 
12 veins; 7 and 8 stalked; 7 to termen; 9 and 10 connate or stalked — 
from end of cell, closely approximated to stalk of 7 and 8; or 9 out of — 
stalk of 7 and 8; 2 and 3 closely approximated from end of cell; 
1° furcate at base. Hindwings broader than forewings; costa 
straight; termen and dorsum evenly rounded; apex bluntly pointed; 
8 veins; 6 and 7 parallel; 3 and 4 stalked; 5 cubital, parallel with 4. 
Posterior tibiz and tarsal joints with heavy bunches of compressed 
hairs above. 

PELEOPODA MARONIELLA, new species, 


Plate 8, fig. 16. . 


Labial palpi light ochreous, shaded with dark brown exteriorly. 
Face reddish brown below, white just beneath vertex. Head whitish. 
Antenne white above, reddish on the underside; ciliation (1). Thorax 
heavily scaled, white, faintly tinted with ochreous; posterior tuft 
tipped with reddish brown. Forewings whitish, thickly overlaid 
with pink, brown, and golden scales. Costal edge from base to 
apical fifth rosy pink, which color spreads out on the middle of the 
wing and is diffused as a tint over the entire tip of the wing, more 


No. 1815. SOUTH AMERICAN TINEOID MOTHS—BUSCK. 209 


especially on the veins. Apical fifth of costa golden yellow, edged 
below by a blackish brown streak. On the middle of dorsum is a 
large brown area and dark brown scales are sprinkled over most of the 
wing aggregating into short dark streaks, of which the longest is on 
the middle of the wing at the base, two smaller ones on the cell and 
still smaller and less defined ones along the apical veins. Just 
beyond the cell is a large diffused very pale golden blotch. Cilia 
whitish with dark brown streaks. Hindwings golden fuscous with 
dark brown veins. Abdomen dark golden brown above; genitalia and 
underside golden white. Hind legs heavily tufted on tibiz and tarsal 
joints; pink on the inner side, dark brown exteriorly. Underside of 
wings golden fuscous with costa of forewings broadly rosy pink. 
Veins 9 and 10 of forewings stalked. 

Alar expanse.—26 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13561, U.S.N.M. 


PELEOPODA NOTANDELLA, new species. 
Plate 8, fig. 15. 


Labial palpi dark yellow, shaded externally with carmine. Lower 
face yellow, upper face white, along the eyes carmine. Antenne 
reddish yellow, ciliation (1). Thorax and head white, collar touched 
with red. Forewings pinkish white with red golden and blackish 
brown ornamentation. Basal half of costal edge rosy pink; outer 
third dark golden yellow, which color widens out to an oval costal 
spot just before apex. Beyond the cell is a large ill-defined pale 
golden spot. Dark brown scales are sprinkled over the cell, over 
and around the pale golden spot and below the dark yellow apical 
spot; an ill-defined streak of brown scales runs from the end of the 
cells to termen and along the terminal edge are five small brown 
dots. Cilia rose. Hindwings pale brick red, cilia lighter. Abdomen 
pale red above, underside and genitalia golden yellow. Legs yellow- 
ish with heavy pale rose-colored tufts on tibiz and tarsi. Underside of 
wings pale brick red. Forewings with vein 10 connate with and vein 
9 out of stalk of 7 and 8. 

Alar expanse.—19-20 mm. 

Habitat—St. Jean, Maroni, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, col- 
lector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13562, U.S.N.M. 

Cotype in British Museum. 


PELEOPODA IRENELLA, new species. 
Plate 8, fig. 17. 
Labial palpi carmine red; tip of apical joint white. Face, head, and 
thorax white. Antenne yellow, dotted with black above. Forewings 
80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——14 


210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


white, but heavily overlaid with dark brown and saffron yellow 
scales. <A large spot on the middle of costa and the basal half of 
dorsum pure white. The golden yellow consists of a broad streak 
along the fold, a large ill-defined spot at the end of the cell transversed 
by a white zigzag line, and a broad ill-defined band, running from this 
spot down to termen and along the termined edge around apex to costa. 
The space between this golden yellow edge and the central yellow 
spot is suffused with dark brown scales, densest toward apex; a large 
dark brown triangular spot occupies the space along basal third of 
costa across the cell to the yellow fold. Hindwings blackish brown; 
cilia lighter brown. Abdomen dark brown above; underside pale 
golden; genitalia saffron. Underside of the wings dark fuscous. 
Front legs thickened with tufts of carmine red, tipped with white. 
Hind and middle legs yellowish, shaded with brown; tarsal tufts small, 
whitish. 

Alar expanse.—25 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13563, U.S.N.M. 


HASTA, new genus. 


Type.— Hasta argentidorsella Busck. 

Labial palpi very long, recurved, overarching the thorax; second 
joint particularly long with basal half thin and upper half thickened 
with compressed scales which protrude at apex; terminal joint thin, 
smooth pointed, shorter than second. Antenne simple, with pecten 
on basal joint. Forewings two and a half times as long as broad; 
costa evenly arched; apex bluntly pointed ; termen sinuate below apex; 
anal angle pronounced; 12 veins; 7 and 8 stalked; 7 to termen; 9 out of 
the stalk of 7 and 8; 2 and 3 stalked; 1° furcate at base. Hindwings 
as broad as forewings; costa straight; apex blunt; termen and dorsum 
evenly rounded; 8 veins; 6 and 7 parallel; 3 and 4 connate; 5 cubital. 
Posterior tibiz: roughly haired. 

Allied to Anchinia Hiibner, but without raised scales on the fore- 
wings, and differing as well in palpal structure as in the venation and | 
form of the forewing. 

HASTA ARGENTIDORSELLA, new species. 


Plate 8, fig. 3. 


Labial palpi ocherous; tip of second joint brown. Face light yel- 
low. Head dark ocherous. Thorax ocherous with a large central 
and posterior white patch. Forewings light yellowish brown, lightest 
along the costa; dorsum from base nearly to tornus silvery white, the | 
color reaching up beyond the fold in an ill-defined triangle just beyond 
the middle of the wing; this dorsal white is broken by a dark brown 
spot, reaching from the upper dark part of the wing to the dorsal 


No. 1815. SOUTH AMERICAN TINEOID MOTHS—BUSCK. 211 


edge before the middle of the wing, and by a group of deep blackish 
brown scales at apical third. Hindwings light yellowish fuscous. 
Abdomen and legs ocherous. 

Alar expanse.—16-18 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Schaus collection. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13564, U.S.N.M. 

This species reminds one in form and ornamentation of the wings 
somewhat of certain Cerostoma species. 


GONADA, new genus. 


Type.—Gonada falculinella Busck. 

Labial palpi recurved, reaching vertex; second joint thickened with 
appressed scales; terminal joint shorter than second, slim, smooth, 
pointed. Antenne 4, finely serrated and ciliated; basal joint without 
pecten. Tongue short. Forewings two and one-half times longer 
than broad, falcate; costa strongly arched; apex pointed, produced 
over the deeply incised termen; anal angle strongly produced; dor- 
sum sinuous. Twelve veins; 7 and 8 stalked, both to costa; 9 
separate; 10 distant; lower corner of cell, bearing 2, 3, 4, and 5, 
strongly produced; 3 and 4 connate. Hindwings as broad as fore- 
wings; costa straight; termen and dorsum evenly rounded; 8 veins; 
6 and 7 parallel; 5 cubital, parallel with 4; 3 and 4 short-stalked. 
Posterior tibize roughly haired above. 

Allied to Necedes Walsingham, differing in wing form and palpi and 
in the connate veins 3 and 4 of the forewings. 


GONADA FALCULINELLA, new species. 
Plate 8, fig. 5. 

Labial palpi light yellow, with a dark brown longitudinal streak on 
the upper side of second joint from base to apex, continued on the 
anterior side of terminal joint. Face whitish, ocherous brown along 
the eyes. Head and thorax light ocherous. Antenne light ocherous, 
dotted with dark brown above. Forewings light purplish brown 
with dorsal area below the fold from base to apical third of dorsum 
light yellow. The entire wing is sparsely and irregularly sprinkled 
with black atoms. Costal edge narrowly blackish brown. Cilia 
light brown, with tips black at tornus. Hindwings light yellowish 
fuscous; cilia light yellow. Abdomen light yellow. Legs whitish, 
forelegs blackened exteriorly. Underside of forewings brown with 
the dorsal yellow design of the upper side plainly discernable. 

Alar expanse.—23 mm. 

Habitat. St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13565, U.S.N.M. 

This species has a .close superficial resemblance to Falculina 
ochricostata Zeller. 


212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


CRYPTOLECHIA ROSEOMARGINELLA, new species. 
Plate 9, fig. 37. 


Base of second joint of labial palpi blackish brown; tip and apical 
joint rosy white sprinkled with brown. Face, head, and thorax light 
ocherous. Forewing shining ocherous white with dark brown dust- 
ing, and with entire costa and terminal edge broadly rosy red. The 
dark brown seales are irregulary sprinkled over the wing with a 
first and second discal spot basely emphasized. From apical fourth 
of costa runs a dark brown line in an outward curve across the wing 
to dorsum. Cilia rosy with a faint dark marginal line. Hindwings 
very light lemon yellow with white cilia. Abdomen ocherous. Legs 
ocherous white. Venation and palpi typical of the genus. 

Alar expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13566, U.S.N.M. 

A striking species unlike any known to the writer, but to be asso- 
ciated with C. canariella and C. huachuella Busck, described from 
Arizona. 


Family STENOMID/L. 


STENOMA MAJOR, new species. 
Plate 8, fig. 8. 


Labial palpi ocherous. Antenne ocherous fuscous, ciliated (1). 
Face whitish. Head and thorax light ocherous. Forewings elongate 
with costa evenly arched, reaching its highest point beyond the mid- 
dle, thence abruptly declined to the sharply pointed, slightly pro- 
truded apex; termen oblique; dorsum straight; light ocherous with 
the entire edge narrowly dark ocherous brown and with three nearly 
equidistant and parallel, transverse, oblique ocherous brown streaks 
across the wing; the first of these streaks begins at basal third of 
costa and reaches to the fold, which is itself ocherous brown; the 
second begins before the middle of costa and reaches to tornus; the 


third begins beyond the middle of costa and reaches termen. Hind- | 


wings light yellow. Abdomen and legs yellow; tarsal joints not 
tufted as in the allied species. 

Alar expanse.—50-60 mm. 

Habitat.—Callao, Peru. Mrs. M. J. Pusey, collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13567, U.S.N.M. 

Cotype in British Museum. 

The largest species known in the genus, closely related to Stenoma 
loxotoma Busck and 8S. fraternella Busck, but lighter in color, with 
much more pointed wings and with the three oblique streaks some- 
what differently placed. 


No. 1815. SOUTH AMERICAN TINEOID MOTHS—BUSOK. O13 


STENOMA IO, new species. 


Plate 8, fig. 2. 


Second joint of labial palpi carmine red; terminal joint dark 
brown with yellow tip, short. Antenne reddish ochreous shaded 
with black above. Face light carmine. Head and collar deep 
brown. Thorax light brown with darker purple reflections. Fore- 
wings broad, not quite two and one-half times as long as wide; 
costa gently arched from base to apex; apex sharply pointed, some- 
what produced; termen slightly sinuate; tornus produced, evenly 
rounded; dorsum straight from tornus to basal third, thence abruptly 
inclined toward base; color chestnut brown, overlaid on the basal 
two-thirds with a darker purple tint; the two shades rather sharply 
defined by a line from about the middle of costa to the beginning of 
the dorsal cilia. On the end of the cell lies a large irregularly tri- 
angular ocellate spot, deep velvety brown surrounded by a thin line 
of light yellow; obliquely below and before lies a similar smaller 
oblong spot on the fold and on the cell is a small aggregation of dirty 
yellow scales. Cilia short, dirty yellow with a black line parallel 
with the edge of the wing. Hindwings bright brick red, cilia yellow- 
ish. Abdonien and legs deep brick red. Underside of body and of 
both wings bright brick red. 

Alar expanse.—46 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13568, U.S.N.M. 

A very striking species unlike any described Stenoma, but most 
nearly allied to the foregoing group. 


STENOMA ACRONITIS, new species. 


Plate 8, fig. 19. 


Second joint of labial palpi deep black with white tip; terminal 
joint white, sprinkled with black. Antennz yellowish fuscous. 
Face dirty white, sprinkled with black. Head pure white. Thorax 
white, sprinkled with gray. Forewings short and broad with tufts 
of raised scales; costa straight; apex rounded; termen oblique; 
color chalky white, sparsely speckled with brown atoms and with 
blackish brown design; from basal fourth of costa runs a blackish 
brown streak in over the cell, outwardly, through the end of the cell, 
toward the middle of termen, but dividing shortly before the edge 
into two branches, of which one curves upward to a black, triangular, 
costal spot at apical fourth, while the other curves downwards and 
ends on the dorsal edge before tornus; the streak is not continuous, 
but is interrupted and enlarged at its entrance into the cell and at 
the end of the cell; between its base and the aforementioned large 


214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. yor. 40. 


costal spot is a small black costal dash; around the edge of the wing 
is a thin black line from the large costal spot to tornus, on which a 
series of small black dots, one at the terminus of each vein. Cilia 
dirty white. Hindwings dark, blackish fuscous. Abdomen blackish 
fuscous with dirty white anal tuft. Legs dark fuscous; tarsi black 
with white annulations. 

Alar expanse.—34—40 mm. 

Habitat—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. British Guiana. C. W. Bebee, collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13569, U.S.N.M. 

Cotype in British Museum. 


STENOMA MENDORON, new species. 
Plate 8, fig. 20. 


Labial palpi dirty white, sprinkled with brown and with base of 
both joints black. Antenne ochreous annulated with black above. 
Face and head white. Collar and thorax white sprinkled with 
brown, thorax with light-brown posterior tufts. Forewings rather 
short with straight costa, rounded apex, and termen oblique; with 
tufts of raised scales; ground color white sprinkled liberally with 
light brown; three equidistant small, black costal spots, the outer 
two most prominent, all edged with brown; at the end of the cell a 
short deep black transverse dash preceded by a brown spot; from 
this a perpendicular brown streak down to dorsal edge just before 
tornus; at apical fifth a premarginal line of brown spots parallel with 
termen. Cilia white with equidistant brown tufts appearing as a 
marginal line of brown dots. Hindwings triangular dark brown; 
cilia whitish with a brown marginal line. Abdomen dark fuscous 
with underside and anal tuft ochreous. Forelegs of the male deep 
brown with black, white annulated tarsi; hindlegs brown with 
darker tarsi, annulated with white. The females have somewhat 
lighter hindwings and abdomen and especially lighter more ocher- 
ous legs. . 

Alar expanse.—24—26 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13570, U.S.N.M. 

Cotype in British Museum. 

Closely related to Stenoma acronitis, but smaller and with a more 
mottled design. 

STENOMA NESTES, new species. 
Plate 8, fig. 18. 


Labial palpi dirty white, liberally sprinkled with dark brown; 
basal half of second joint black above. Face dirty white. Antenne 
yellowish with brown annulations. Head and throax white strongly 


NO. 1815. SOUTH AMERICAN TINEOID MOTHS—BUSOK. 215 


suffused with brown. Wings of the form as in the two preceding 
species. Forewings with tuft of raised scales, reddish white, strongly 
suffused with brown scales; three blackish brown equidistant costal 
spots, the basal one the smallest, the outer most prominent, large 
triangular; a short deep black transverse dash at the end of the cell, 
preceded by a pure white spot, before which a thin longitudinal deep 
black line across the cell to base of vein 11; a large ill-defined cloud 
of dark brown scales above tornus; cilia reddish white with small 
dark brown dots around the margin from apical fifth of costa to 
tornus. Hindwing dark brown, cilia lighter brow. with a dark basal 
line. Abdomen dark fuscous with ochreous tip and underside. 
Legs ocherous white mottled with brown; tarsi dark brown with 
ochreous annulations. 

Alar expanse.—25-28 mm. 

Habitat —St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13571, U.S.N.M. 

Closely allied to the two foregoing species, intermediate in size, 
darker than both, more reddish in color and easily distinguished by 
the thin longitudinal black line on the cell and by the dark spot near 
tornus. 


STENOMA TRASTICES, new species. 
Plate 9, fig. 34. 


Second joint of labial palpi ight brown with white tip; terminal 
joint ight brown with two darker brown annulations. Face white. 
Antenne dark brown with lighter basal joint. Head light ocherous. 
Collar rich brown. Thorax speckled with white and dark brown 
scales. Forewings with the bluish white ground color heavily ob- 
secured by dark brown and black scales, especially on dorsal half. At 
basal fourth is a dark brown costal spot; just beyond the middle of 
costa is a small blackish brown zigzag streak, and at apical fourth 
is a large dark brown costal blotch which extends over most of the 
tip of the wing with exception of an oblong yellow dash before apex 
and of the extreme edge which is whitish. Cilia dark brown. Hind- 
wings dark brown. Abdomen dark brown above, ocherous under- 
neath. Legs light brown with dark brown tarsi. 

Alar expanse.—16-22 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne and St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 
Wm. Schaus, collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 18572, U.S.N.M. 

Cotype in British Museum. 


STENOMA APICALIS, new species. 
Plate 8, fig. 13. 


Labial palpi reddish brown. Antenne dark fuscous. Face and 
head dark brown. Collar and thorax golden brown. Forewings in 


PANG PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. 


shape like the three preceding species with scale tufts; base light 
golden ocherous with a thin dark brown costal margin and a broader 
dark dorsal margin; the central two-thirds of the wing dark brown 
mixed with bluish white scales, the three upper ones of which are 
golden ocherous, while the two smaller lower ones have the same color 
as the surrounding parts; all the tufts, but especially the lower ones, 
are followed by black scales. The central dark color stops on the 
edges at apical fourth, but projects on the middle out into a sharp 
tongue which reaches the terminal edge and separates two large 
light golden brown round areas, the upper including apex the lower 
surrounding tornus; these light terminal areas are sparsely edged 
with white scales. Cilia dark brown, darkest at apex. Hindwings 
dark blackish brown. Abdomen dark brown with ocherous anal 
tuft. Legs dark brown; tarsi with ocherous annulation. 

Alar expanse.—25 mm. 

Habitat—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13573, U.S.N.M. 

Related to the foregoing species, but of more complex design and 
color, easily recognized by the apical golden brown areas. 


STENOMA LACTIS, new species. 
Plate 8, fig. 6. 


Labial palpi creamy white with base of second joint and tip of 
terminal joint black. Antenne dark fuscous. Face and head 
white. Thorax white tinted with yellow and with an ocherous pos- 
terior tuft. Forewings short and broad of the same shape as in 
Stenoma mendoron; basal third ocherous white, terminal two-thirds 
dark fuscous, the limits of the two colors sharply drawn by a slightly 
outwardly curved pure white line from basal fourth of costa to 
shortly before the middle of dorsum. In the dark part of the wing are 
several small scale tufts mixed with black scales; at the end of the 
cell is a small ocherous tuft followed by black. Cilia fuscous. Hind- 
wings triangular, dark fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous with ocher- 
ous underside and anal tuft. Legs ocherous, mottled with fuscous; 
tarsi darker with ochreous annulations. 

Alar expanse.—19—21 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13574, U.S.N.M. 

Cotype in British Museum. 

Allied to the foregoing species; easily recognized by the sharply 
contrasting basal and apical parts of the forewings. 


NO, 1815. SOUTH AMERICAN TINHOID MOTHS—BUSCK. ONT 


STENOMA FASCIATUM, new species. 


Plate 8, fig. 10. 


Labial palpi light ocherous, second joint shaded with black exte- 
riorly, termined joint with extreme base black. Antenne yellowish 
fuscous. Face light ocherous. Head and thorax ocherous fuscous. 
Forewings elongate oval; apex not indicated; termen evenly rounded; 
light grayish ocherous with a broad blackish brown oblique fascial 
this begins on costa from basal fourth to the middle of costa and 
reaches to the middle of dorsum; the edges are not even but reason- 
ably parallel and sharply defined against the lighter basal and apical 
parts of the wing; at apical third is an indistinct and ill-defined dark 
fuscous cloud parallel with the fascia and mainly noticeable by its 
outer edge, which appears as a dark, thin, undulating line from a 
small costal spot to tornus. Hindwings dark fuscous. Abdomen 
dark fuscous above with ocherous underside and anal tuft; legs 
ochreous. 

Alar expanse.—21-24 mm. 

Habitat—Cayenne, French Guiana. Wm.Schaus, collector. Brit- 
ish Guiana. C. W. Bebee, collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 18575, U.S.N.M. 

Easily recognized by the rounded apex and the bold design of the 
forewings. 

STENOMA VENATUM, new species. 


Plate 8, fig. 14. 


Second joint of labial palpi ocherous shaded with black; terminal 
joint black with ocherous tip. Antenne blackish above, ocherous 
underneath. Face light ocherous. flead blackish brown. Thorax 
light ocherous with two small black lateral dots and with black pos- 
terior tuft. Forewings light grayish ocherous, whitish above the 
cell, with all veins sharply marked by black lines; terminal edge 
black; two black dots near base within the dorsal edge. Cilia ocherous 
fuscous. Hindwings dark fuscous with ocherous cilia. Abdomen 
dark fuscous above with whitish ocherous underside. Forelegs 
blackish brown with narrow ocherous annulation at the joints; hind- 
legs ocherous. 

Alar expanse.—26 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13576, U.S.N.M. 

A striking species closely allied to Stenoma renselariana Cramer, 
disjecta Zeller and loxogrammos Zeller, but without any large black 
dorsal areas, as found in those species. 


218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 40. 


STENOMA GUNNI, new species. 
Plate 8, fig. 4. 


Second joint of labial palpi ocherous below, white above, and black- 
ish brown at base and apex; terminal joint blackish brown, with a 
white annulation just before apex. Face whitish, head dark brown. 
Thorax dark green, strongly metallic, with posterior tuft of same color. 
Basal third of forewings strongly metallic, iridescent, dark purplish 
brown with green metallic dorsal edge, separated from the purplish 
part by athin white line; this dark base is sharply defined against the 
white ground color of the middle part of the wing, and reaches to 
basal fourth on costa and to near the middle of dorsum; the following 
white part is mottled by soft gray spots of which a large quadrangular 
one lies on the dorsal edge and reaches nearly to the middle of the 
wing; another large gray spot forms an ill-defined fascia from costa 
to dorsum and is followed by a narrow white line across the wing; the 
apical part outside of this white line is light golden brown. Cilia 
gray. Hindwings with strongly developed costal area ciliated to the 
base, much broader than the forewings; dark greenish brown, with 
whitish cilia. Abdomen dark brown with ocherous anal tuft. Legs 
whitish gray with smoky tarsi. 

Alar expanse.—24-—25 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm.Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13577, U.S.N.M. 

his species would have been determined by Zeller as a typical 
Antxotricha. It belongs to the group herilis Felder, reciprocella 
Walker, and ribber Zeller, from all of which it differs by the deep 
metallic green dorsal base and by the golden tips of the forewings. I 
am unable to maintain the genus Antxotricha Zeller as distinct from 


Stenoma Zeller. 
STENOMA COMMA, new species. 


Plate 8, fig. 11. 


Labial palpi light ocherous. Face and head light ocherous. . 
Thorax darker reddish ocherous. Forewings white, the basal half 
heavily overlaid with light ocherous brown scales, such as are also 
sprinkled over the apical part of the wing; at the end of the cell is a 
short transverse dark-brown streak; from apical fourth of costa runs 
an outwardly curved brown line down to tornus; apical and terminal 
edge blackish brown; cilia white. Hindwings ocherous white with 
light fuscous tip and with a very conspicuous black dash on vein 1°; 
cilia white. Abdomen and legs light ocherous. 

Alar expanse.—14-15 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana, and Cuba. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 


Type.—Cat. No. 13578, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1815. SOUTH AMERICAN TINEOID MOTHS—BUSOR. 219 


A dainty little light species at once distinguished by the black con- 
trasting dash on anal part of the hindwings. 


STENOMA SPERATUM, new species. 
Plate 9, fig. 31. 

Labial palpi whitish on the inner side, reddish brown exteriorly. 
Lower part of face silvery white; upper part and the base of the 
antenne rich reddish brown. Head dark gray. Thorax brown. 
Forewings dull brown with a large central oval spot on the disk light 
leaf-green, shghtly edged with yellow and with a dark-brown margin; 
a smaller round green spot lies on the dorsal edge just below the end 
of the farge discal spot. Cilia dark brown. Hindwings light ocher- 
ous brown. Abdomen and legs ocherous brown. 

Alar expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat Cayenne, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13579, U.S.N.M. 


STENOMA SALOME, new species. 
Plate 9, fig. 39. 

Labial palpi and face light ocherous. Head and thorax light drab. 
Forewings lght-drab colored, with reddish-brown ornamentation;* 
near base is a thin, outwardly bent, brown zigzag line across the 
wing, followed by a small metallic blue dot on the fold and a small 
dark-brown dot on the cell. Across the middle of the wing runs : 
brown line, obliquely from before the middle of costa to beyond the 
middle of dorsum; this is followed by a light ocherous spot, edged 
with brown at the end of the cell; on apical third of costa is a small 
brown, triangular spot, continued faintly in a very thin, notched, 
outwardly bent brown line across the wing; apical half of costa, 
entire terminal edge, and apical half of dorsum reddish brown with a 
marginal series of darker brown dots within; cilia whitish. Hind- 
wings light ocherous fuscous with whitish cilia. Abdomen and legs 
ocherous fuscous. 

Alar expanse.—22-23 mm. 

Halitat—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Schaus collection, 

Type.—Cat. No. 13580, U.S.N.M. 


STENOMA INSCITUM, new species. 
Plate 9, fig. 33. 


Labial palpi whitish ocherous, shaded with dark brown exteriorly. 
Face and head ocherous white. Thorax fuscous. Patagia white with 
purplish-brown base. Collar purplish brown. Forewings whitish 
fuscous, the ground color being white but strongly and unevenly over- 
laid with dark fuscous except for a large oblong pure white costal 
spot reaching from basal fourth to apical fourth. At the end of the 
cell is a dimly indicated darker fuscous spot from which a faint dark 


220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 


fuscous irregular line runs to dorsal edge near base. Extreme tip of 
wing dark bronzy brown. Cilia white. Hindwings dark fuscous with 
whitish cilia. Abdomen dark fuscous above; underside and legs 
ocherous. 

Alar expanse.—19-22 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm.Schaus, 
collector. 


Type.—Cat. No. 13581, U.S.N.M. 


STENOMA THORISTES, new species. 
Plate 9, fig. 22. 


Labial palpi whitish ocherous, shaded with brown exteriorly. 
Face light ocherous. Antennz brown. Head drab. Thorax rich 
brown anteriorly, light drab posteriorly. Forewings light drab 
with a purple sheen and with deer-brown markings; basal third is 
mottled with brown scales except along costa in ill-defined and some- 
what variable pattern; central part of the wing is unmottled, except 
for a small brown costal spot; on the apical third is a broad ill-defined 
brown fascia across the wing, margined externally by an outwardly 
curved line of small black dots; around the terminal edge and reach- 
ing round both on costa and dorsum is a marginal row of more promi- 
nent small black dots. Cilia drab. Hindwings light dirty straw- 
yellow with a marginal row of small, black, nearly confluent dots. 
Abdomen ocherous fuscous above; underside light ocherous; anal 
tuft deep ocherous. Legs ocherous; hind legs with first tarsal joint 
strongly tufted as in S. elegans Zeller, S. loxotoma Busck, and S. fra- 
ternella Buseck, with which species it otherwise has no close affinity. 

Alar expanse.—29-34 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13582, U.S.N.M. 

Cotype in British Museum. 

Allied to Stenomaimmundum Zeller and S. sororium Zeller, differing 
in the brown markings, not present in those species. 


STENOMA MARONI, new species. 
Plate 9, fig. 23. 


Second joint of labial palpi dark purplish brown; tip and apical 
joint whitish. Face ocherous white. Head and thorax dark brown. 
Forewings light brown with a broad dark reddish brown transverse 
band occupying the larger middle part. This dark brown shade is 
well defined and extends from base to apical fourth of dorsum 
obliquely across the wing to outer half of costa with tolerably parallel 
edges; at basal third is a light ocherous gray slightly dark ocellated 
dorsal spot. From the outer edge of the dark shade runs an undulat- 


No. 1815. SOUTH AMERICAN TINEOID MOTHS—BUSCK 221 


ing dark brown line down to dorsum just before tornus. Along the 
terminal edge is a faint row of dark brown dots. Cilia light brown. 
Hindwings dark brownish fuscous with a light ocherous marginal 
line before the cilia. Abdomen dark brown above; underside and 
legs light ocherous. 

Alar expanse.—24-28 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13583, U.S.N.M. 

Cotype in British Museum. 


STENOMA VANIS, new species. 
Plate 9, fig. 32. 


Labial palpi ocherous, shaded with dark brown exteriorly. Face 
ocherous. Head and thorax dark purplish brown; thorax with 
bright reddish brown posterior tuft. Forewings light brown with 
dark brown and reddish brown markings as follows: From inner angle 
of dorsum runs a broad rich reddish brown shade to the end of the 
cell; from middle of costa runs a blackish brown shade outwardly 
toward but not reaching the middle of termen; costal edge outside 
of this shade broadly blackish brown; doisal edge from base to beyond 
middle broadly blackish or purplish brown. Terminal edge broadly 
reddish brown. Cilia dark brown with light ocherous base. Hind- 
wings dark brownish fuscous with ocherous cilia. Abdomen dark 
brown above, underside ocherous. Legs ocherous; forelegs shaded 
with dark brown anteriorly. 

Alar expanse.—25-30 mm. 

Habiiat—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13584, U.S.N.M. 

Cotype in British Museum. 


STENOMA ADDON, new species. . 
Plate 9, fig. 36. 


Labial palpi white, second joint tinted with ocherous exteriorly and 
with a black spot on theinner (upper) side at base. Face white, brown- 
ish along the eyes. Head and thorax gray. Forewings with the white 
ground color suffused with light soft gray, somewhat darker on dorsal 
than on costal half. Two dark grayish brown zigzag lines across the 
wing very faint on the costal side, stronger and emphasized by heavy 
washed, dark shades externally on the dorsal side; the one begins 
at basal third of costa and runs to middle of dorsum, the other begins 
‘on the middle of costa and runs to apical fourth of dorsum; yet far- 
ther out on the wing is a thin evenly outwardly curved line across the 


222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.  . ~ vou. 40. 


wing. Cilia white. Nindwings dark fuscous with white cilia. Abdo- 
men dark fuscous above, underside whitish, anal tuft ocherous. Legs 
ocherous white. 

Alar expanse.—25 mim. 

Habitat.—Rockstone, Essequebo River, British Guiana; Cayenne 
and St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, collector. 

Type.—Cat No. 13585, U.S.N.M. 

Cotype in British Museum. 

Of the group represented by S. crocuta, genetta, and fraterna Felder; 
larger than either of these and differing in the heavy, dark, washed 
out bases of the transverse faciz. It comes still nearer to the larger 
S. binubila Zeller, which is even more like the following species, but 
the size alone sufficiently separates both species. 


STENOMA PHGBE, new species. 
Plate 9, fig. 42. 


This may best be described by comparison with the foregoing 
species, to which it comes very close. The upper, costal, half of the 
forewings is nearly pure white instead of merely lighter gray as in 
S. addon, and only the two outer fascize can be traced in this part of 
the wing. The first, basal, fascia is represented by the dorsal spot 
only, broadly washed out and somewhat nearer the base than in 
S. addon. The series of small black marginal dots is rather more 
distinct than in the former species. The hindwings whitish, light 
fuscous toward tip, are strikingly lighter than the hindwings of 
S. addon. 

Alar expanse.—-21-—22 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type—Cat. No. 13586, U.S.N.M. 

Evidently very close to J. binubila Zeller and nearly identical in 
pattern, but the much smaller size and the different localities of the 
two species make the distinctness of the present species reasonably 
certain. 

STENOMA SIMILIS, new species. 
Plate 9, fig. 43. 


Closely allied to Stenoma phabe, but smaller and with a more 
sharply defined pattern. Labial palpi whitish shaded with fuscous. 
Face silvery white. Head and thorax dark gray. Forewings with 
costal half light, nearly white; dorsal half dark fuscous; three nearly 
equidistant transverse oblique streaks; the basal one stopping at asmall 
black dot on the middle of the cell; the second one continued some- 
what farther up and including a small black dot at the end of the cell; 
the third reaching across to the costal edge; the bases of the two first 
streaks are strongly washed into large blackish dorsal shades, reach- 


no. 1815. SOUTH AMERICAN TINEOID MOTHS—BUSCK. 223 


ing nearly: to the following streak. Hindwings whitish fuscous. 
Abdomen dark fuscous above; underside and legs whitish. 

Alar expanse.—17-19 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 18588, U.S.N.M. 

Cotype in British Museum. ; 


STENOMA DEMAS, new species. 
Plate 9, fig. 40. 


Second joint of labial palpi white, shaded externally with blackish 
fuscous; terminal joint white, with base and an annulation near the 
tip black. Face silvery white. Head and thorax ocherous. Fore- 
wings white, with a large black basal spot on dorsum and a bold 
oblique black fascia across the wing beyond the cell; this fascia is 
evenly concave on the inner side, irregularly bent on the outer side, 
and broader at the dorsal end than at costa. Extreme apical edge 
black. Cilia white. Hindwings white. Abdomen lght ocherous 
fuscous above; legs and underside white. 

Alar expanse.—14 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type—Cat. No. 13588, U.S.N.M. 

While this species is clearly nearly related to and very similar to 
the foregoing group of species, it is at once distinguished by its small 
size and its striking clear-cut wing pattern. 


STENOMA HAMON, new species. 
Plate 9, fig. 41. 


Labial palpi blackish brown, with the tip of second joint and the 
base of terminal joint shaded with white. Face white. Head and 
thorax dark fuscous. Forewings white, sprinkled with brown atoms, 
and with three oblique irregular blackish brown lines across the wing; 
the first of these is nearly straight, only slightly zigzag, and runs from 
basal fourth of costa to shortly before middle of dorsum; the second 
line is much more irregular and runs reasonably parallel with the first 
just outside the cell; the third line is evenly convex, with a sharp 
indentation at costal third. Around the entire edge is a prominent 
series of small equidistant dark brown dots. Hindwings dark fuscous. 
Abdomen dark fuscous above; underside light ocherous. Legs ocher- 
ous; tarsi annulated with black. 

Alar expanse.—22-23 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River and Cayenne, French Guiana. 
Wm. Schaus, collector. 

Type.—Cat. No, 13589, U.S.N.M. 


224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. 


Genus GONIOTERMA Walsingham. 
Gonioterma WALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1897, p. 101. 


Type.—Goniterma burmanniana Cramer. 

This is one of the few genera, erected in this family, which seems 
tenable, and it undoubtedly represents a natural group of Stenomid 
moths, characterized by the square forewings and the black costal 
spots; but it should be observed that even this group is none too 
sharply defined in nature and that many species come uncomfortably 
close to it in appearance, without having vein S of the forewings to 
termen below apex, which character I consider the one essential in the 
differentiation from Stenoma Zeller. Such species would fall in Wal- 
singham’s genus Anadasmus, which I can not maintain as distinct 
from Stenoma Zeller, on account of the perfecly gradual transition 
between the extremes of wingform. 


GONIOTERMA ROSA, new species. 


Plate 9, fig. 28. 


Labial palpi rosy, shaded with black exteriorly. Face and head 
light ocherous. Thorax rosy ocherous. Forewings light rosy ocher- 
ous with two conspicuous dark brown, costal spots, one just beyond 
the middle of the wing, one at apical fifth; from basal third of costa 
runs a thin light brown straight line obliquely across the wing to the 
middle of dorsum; on the end of the cell is a very faint, transverse 
line of dark brown scales; along the terminal edge is a series of short 
black marginal streaks; cilia dark reddish fuscous. Hindwings light 
reddish yellow; cilia light straw-colored. Abdomen and legs light 
ocherous. 

Alar expanse.—23 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. . 

Type.—Cat. No. 13590, U.S.N.M. 

Of the general shape and ornamentation of Gonioterma burman- 
niana Cramer and Gonioterma isabella Felder; smaller than both 
these species and easily recognized by its quite different color. 


GONIOTERMA ANNA, new species. 


Plate 9, fig. 27. 


Labial palpi white, second joint shaded exteriorly with dark brown. 
Face and head ocherous white. Forewings very light rosy drab with 
three triangular, equidistant, blackish brown, costal spots, the two 
outer ones large and very prominent, the basal one at basal third of 
costa smaller; on the end of the cell is a small transverse dark brown 
spot; from the tip of the outer costal spot runs an outwardly curved 


No. 1815. SOUTH AMERICAN TINEOID MOTHS—BUSCK. 225 


row of small equidistant dark brown dots across the wing to dorsum; 
extreme terminal edge deep black; cilia dark brown. Hindwings 
whitish with yellow tips, cilia yellowish fuscous. Abdomen and legs 
light ocherous. 

Alar expanse.—18-21 mm. 

Habitat.—Geldersland, Surinam River, Dutch Guiana. Wm. 
Schaus, collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13591, U.S.N.M. 

Quite close to the foregoing species, from which it is distinguished 
by the additional costal spot and the absence of an oblique line across 
the forewings, as well as by the different color and smaller size. 


GONIOTERMA STELLA, new species. 


Plate 9, fig. 29. 


Labial palpi whitish with base and exterior side of second joint 
dark brown. Face and head light drab. Thorax light bluish drab, 
sprinkled with black atoms. Forewings light bluish drab, sprinkled 
with black scales; two dark brown costal spots, one on the middle of 
costa, one at apical sixth; a similar spot is found on the cell at basal 
third; from the tip of the outer costal spot runs a faint, outwardly 
curved, row of small black dots just within terminal edge to dorsum, 
and on the extreme terminal edge is a more pronounced, marginal 
series of short, blackish brown streaks; the outer third of the wing 
has a slightly lighter ground color than the base; cilia bluish, darker 
near apex, nearly white at tornus. Hindwings dark ocherous fuscous; 
cilia whitish. Abdomen and legs dark fuscous. 

Alar expanse.—26-28 mim. 

Habitat—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.Cat. No. 13592, U.S.N.M. 

Cotype in British Museum. 

Larger than the two foregoing species; distinguished by its bluish 
color and the dark discal spot. 


GONIOTERMA INGA, new species. 


Plate 9, fig. 30. 


Labial palpi bluish white with base and outer side of second joint 
dark brown. Face ocherous white. Head bluish. Thorax light 
brown with bluish sheen. Forewings light bluish drab, darker in 
shade than in G. stella; two deep black costal spots, one on the 
middle, the other at apical fifth; extreme costal edge rust-red, the 
color of the underside; a faint outwardly curved row of small black 
dots from outer costal spot to dorsum, parallel with the terminal 
edge; a similar row on the terminal edge; cilia reddish. Hindwings 


80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11 15 


226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vot. 40. 


light yellow. Abdomen ocherous fuscous above, underside whitish, 
anal tuft ocherous. Legs ocherous white with darker ocherous tarsi. 

Alar expanse.—22 mm. 

Habitat—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13594, U.S.N.M. 

Closely related to and very similar to the foregoing species, espe- 
cially G. rosa, but distinguished from all of them by the slightly 
produced apex and the sinuate termen below apex. 


GONIOTERMA EMMA, new species. 
Plate 9, fig. 24. 


Labial palpi light brown, darker brown at apex and on exterior 
side of second joint. Face ocherous. Head light brown. Thorax 
and forewings light deer-brown with three dark brown, not very con- 
spicuous, triangular, nearly equidistant costal spots, one at basal 
third, one on the middle of costa, and one at apical fourth; from the 
latter runs an outwardly curved row of minute dots to dorsum. 
Cilia dark brown. Hindwings dark brownish fuscous. Both fore 
and hind wings with a strong sheen. Abdomen dark brown above, 
light ocherous on the underside. Legs ocherous with darker tarsi. 

Alar expanse.—26-28 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13594, U.S.N.M. 

Easily distinguished from other species in this genus by its darker 
color, especially of the hindwings. 


GONIOTERMA VITA, new species. 
Plate 9, fig. 26. 


Labial palpi ocherous white, shaded with brown exteriorly. Face 
and head ocherous white. Thorax light ocherous. Forewings light 
straw yellow, with a large brown shade resting on the dorsal edge and 
covering most of the wing; the brown shades gradually into the yel- 
low and leaves base, costal, and terminal edge pure yellow; on the 
costal edge are two very small dark brown dots, one on the middle 
and one at apical sixth. Cilia dark ocherous. Hindwing light straw 
yellow. Abdomen and legs ocherous. 

Alar expanse.—24-25 mm. 

Habitat—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13595, U.S.N.M. 

Not closely similar, but clearly allied to the other species described 
in this genus. 


No. 1815. SOUTH AMERICAN TINEOID MOTHS—BUSCK. ORD 


Family OLETHREUTID. 


OLETHREUTES GERDA, new species. 
Plate 9, fig. 21. 


Labial palpi dark brown, ocherous on their inner side. Face and 
head light brown. Thorax dark purplish brown. Forewings deep 
purplish brown with a large golden yellow terminal patch; basal half 
nearly black; costal edge and apical part rich brown without the 
purple tint, which is most prominent on the middle of the wing; along 
the costal edge is a series of short outwardly directed bluish metallic 
streaks intervened by small black dots; at the upper end of the cell 
is a fan-shaped group of thin black lines; in the yellow terminal patch, 
which is slightly striated transversely with black, is a row of these 
black dots, followed by a perpendicular bluish metallic streak before 
the black cilia. Hindwings deep blackish brown. Abdomen blackish 
brown above, lighter brown on the underside. Legs dark brown. 

Alar expanse.—24-28 mm. 

Habivtat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13596, U.S.N.M. 

Cotype in British Museum. 

A large species distinguished by its wing form and the very dark 
hindwings. 

Family TORTRICIDA. 


TORTRIX AURIFERANA, new species. 
Plate 9, fig. 38. 


Labial palpi dark ocherous. Antennal strongly biciliate. Face 
and head dark brown. Thorax golden yellow. Forewings light 
shining golden yellow with ocherous brown ornamentation, consisting 
of a broad line from base along basal half of costal edge, thence across 
the wing obliquely to dorsal edge just before tornus, and thence upward 
across the wing parallel with terminal edge to costa just before apex. 
Near base of dorsal edge is a small thin brown line directed toward 
the middle of the wing. Cilia golden. Hindwing golden white. 
Abdomen and legs ocherous. 

Alar expanse.—14-15 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Schaus collection. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13597, U.S.N.M. 

Cotype in British Museum. 

Superficially very similar to the common North American Epagoge 
sulphuriana Clemens, but, unlike this species, apparently constant in 
ornamentation. 


228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


TORTRIX PARANA, new species. 


Labial palpi brown, shaded with purple and black. Face, head, and 
thorax dark golden brown. Forewings dark golden yellow with dark 
reddish brown and black markings; from middle of costa runs a 
straight-edged narrow dark brown band obliquely across the wing to 
tornus; from apical fourth of costa runs a similar parallel band across 
the wing to termen; on the middle of the cell is a large ill-defined 
dark brown spot dusted with black scales; costal edge mottled with 
small black dots. Cilia light golden. Hindwings light silvery fus- 
cous. Cilia white. Abdomen and hindlegs dark ocherous; forelegs 
blackish brown. 

Alar expanse.—13-14 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. Schaus collection. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13598, U.S.N.M. 

Cotype in British Museum. 

Nearly related to the foregoing species; differing in pattern and in - 
the dark golden color of the forewings. 


Family HEMEROPHILID. 
ORDUPIA, new genus. 


Type.—Ordupia friserella Busck. 

Labial palpi curved, upturned, reaching vertex; second joint thick- 
ened with smoothly appressed scales; third joint shorter than second, 
smooth, bluntly pointed. Antenne short, less than half the wing- 
length; thick smooth above, below with one row of thick, closely set, 
short-haired lamelle, which are twice as long as the thickness of the 
base. Head smooth. Forewings with straight edges, apex bluntly 
pointed, termen oblique, tornus pronounced; 12 veins, all separate; 
2 from before the end of the cell, 3-9 from end of cell; 8 to termen; 
1» furcate at base. Hindwings broader than the forewings, triangular 
with straight costa and nearly straight termen; 8 veins; 3 and 4 
stalked; 5,6, and 7 parallel. Posterior tibize with smoothly appressed 
long hairs above. 

A peculiar noctuid-like form allied to Hemerophila Hiibner, which 
genus may be a development from Ardrupia. The very peculiar one- 
sided antennz and the course of vein 8 in the forewing as well as the 
very different general habitus easily distinguish the present genus. 

Named in fond memory of my indebtedness for my early training in 
Ordrup College, Denmark, under that eminent and beloved teacher, 
Prof. H. C. Frederiksen. 

ORDRUPIA FRISERELLA, new species. 
Plate 9, fig. 25. 


Labial palpi brownish ocherous. Face whitish ocherous. Antenne 
ocherous. Head and thorax light brownish ocherous with a blackish 


No. 1815. SOUTH AMERICAN TINEOID MOTHS—BUSOK. 929 


sheen. Forewings light ocherous brown overlaid with darker brown; 
on the middle of the wing is a broad transverse shade of dark brown, 
poorly defined from the lighter basal and apical parts; at the end of 
the cell is a small round black dot; a similar dot but much fainter 
is found on the middle of the cell and a third, also faint, on the fold. 
Cilia dark brown. Hindwings light ocherous brown; cilia whitish. 
Abdomen whitish ocherous on first two segments; posteriorly deep 
mahogany brown above and bright reddish ocherous below; anal 
tuft ocherous. Legs whitish ocherous. 

Alar expanse.—29-36 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13599, U.S.N.M. 

Cotype in British Museum. 

This species is easily mistaken for a noctuid on account of its size 
and robustness as well as its color and wing-form. 


Family TINEID. 


TINEA BOLIVIANA, new species. 

Labial palpi saffron yellow with black bristles. Face and head 
saffron yellow mixed with dark brown. Thorax dark brown. Fore- 
wings unicolored dark slaty brown, shining, with extreme costal and 
dorsal edge and tufts in the cilia saffron yellow. Hindwings dark 
slaty brown with dorsal cilia saffron yellow. Abdomen saffron yel- 
low. Legs yellow, shaded with dark brown. Venation typical, 
7 and 8 in forewings stalked to costa; all veins separate in hindwings. 

Alar expanse.—19-20 mm. 

Hatitat.—Bolivia. Schaus collection. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13600, U.S.N.M. 

Cotype in British Museum. 

A typical species of the unicolored group of the genus easily recog- 
nized by the saffron yellow edges and abdomen. 


PLUMANA, new genus. 


Type.—Plumana piperatella Buseck. 

Male.—Uabial palpi short porrected, somewhat rough-scaled. 
Tongue obsolete. Antenne biciliate throughout (2). Head smooth, 
forewing elongate about three times longer than broad; costa straight 
gently arched toward the bluntly pointed apex; termen oblique; 
tornus well developed; 11 veins; vein 6 absent; 7 and 8 long stalked; 
7 to costa; 1» furcate at base. Hingwings broader than forewings, 
triangular; 7 veins; 4 absent; all separate and nearly parallel; 5 
cubital. Legs smooth. 

Female.—Presumably apterous. 


230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vor. 40. 


Allied to Fumea Hubner, though of quite different general habitus; 
differing in the less strongly developed antenne ciliation, the less hairy 
labial palpi, and in the long-stalked veins 7 and 8 of the forewings. 


PLUMANA PIPERATELLA, new species. 
Plate 8, fig. 1. 


Male.—Uabial palpi blackish brown; face naked, black (possibly 
denuded). Antenne yellowish. Head and thorax smoky white. 
Forewings smoky white with transverse striation of numerous black- 
ish brown dots, which on the edges form a series of equidistant margi- 
nal spots all around the wing; a larger round brown dot at the end of 
the cell; posterior third of costa smoky brown. Cilia dirty white 
with a smoky brown line, parallel with the terminal edge. Hind- 
wings smoky fuscous. Abdomen fuscous. Legs smoky white with 
the exterior surface fuscous. 

Female.—Unknown, probably apterous. 

Alar expanse.—16-17 mm. 

Habitat—St. Jean, Maron River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, 
collector. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13601, U.S.N.M. 

Cotype in British Museum. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


PLaTE 8. 
Fig. 1. Plumana piperatella Busck. Fig. 11. Stenoma comma Busck. 
2. Stenoma io Busck. 12. Pleurota literatella Busck. 
3. Hasta argentidorsella Busck. 13. Stenoma apicalis Busck. 
4. Stenoma gunni Busck. 14. Stenoma venatum Busck. 
5. Gonada falculinella Busck. 15. Peleopoda notandella Busck. 
6. Stenoma lactis Busck. 16. Peleopoda maroniella Busck. 
7. Filinota hermosella Busck. 17. Peleopoda irenella Busck. 
8. Stenoma major Busck. 18. Stenoma nestes Busck. 
9. Filinota peruviella Busck. 19. Stenoma acronitis Busck. 
10. Stenoma fasciatum Busck. 20. Stenoma mendoron Busck. 
PLATE 9. 
Fig. 21. Olethreutes gerda Busck. Fig. 33. Stenoma inscitum Busck. 
22. Stenoma thoristes Busck. 34. Stenoma trastices Busck. 
23. Stenoma maroni Busck. 35. Psoricoptera apicepuncta Busck. 
24. Gonioterma emma Busck. 36. Stenoma addon Busck. 
25. Ordrupia friserella Busck. 37. Cryptolechia roseomarginella 
26. Gonioterma vita Busck. Busck. 
27. Gonioterma anna Busck. 38. Tortriz aurvferana Busck. 
28. Gonioterma rosa Busck. 39., Stenoma salome Busck. 
29. Goniote-ma stella Busck. 40. Stenoma demas Busck. 
30 Goxntoverma inga Buseck. 41. Stenoma hamon Busck. 
31. S*noma speratum Busck. 42. Stenoma phebe Busck. 


32 S. noma vanis Busck. 43. Stenoma similis Busck. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 8 


TINEOID MOTHS FROM SOUTH AMERICA. 3 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 230. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 9 


TINEOID MOTHS FROM SOUTH AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 230, 


se 


AN ELECTRIC RAY AND ITS YOUNG FROM THE WEST 
COAST OF FLORIDA. 


By Barton A. BEAN and ALFRED C. WEED, 
Of the Division of Fishes, U. S. National Museum. 


Under date of July 21, 1910, Mr. A. G. Reynolds, of Veteran, 
Hillsboro County, Florida, addressed the U.S. National Museum as 
follows: 

A few days ago an electric ray or torpedo (Torpedo) fish (Tetronarce occidentalis 
Storer) 17 by 9 inches in size, gave birth in my laboratory, to fourteen young ones, 
nine males and five females, about 34 by 2 inches in size. Is this fact of any special 
interest, or would the specimens themselves be an acquisition to the Museum? 

In answer to a memorandum sent Mr. Reynolds by the Museum, 
the following letter, dated August 13, 1910, was received from him: 

Yesterday I sent you by express the torpedo and fourteen young ones mentioned 
in a previous letter. The specimens are cured in formaldehyde. I fear I did not 
make it very clear about the young ones. The mother was dead when received, 
the birth of the family being forced. She was caught in a net off Long Key (opposite 
here) by a pompano fisherman. 


I think by your letter you were expecting these fish to be alive, but trust the pre- 
served specimens will be of use to you. 


The ray and fourteen young in a fine state of preservation were 
duly received and proved to be WNarcine brasiliensis. Excellent 
photographs were taken by Mr. T. W. Smillie, the photographer of 
the U. S. National Museum. The following comparisons between 
the adult and young, as well as with the variety wmbrosa, are given as 
a slight addition to our present knowledge of this interesting species: 


The size of the specimens is sufficiently indicated in the letter 
quoted. 

A few facts concerning the coloration, and other characters of these 
and the other specimens in the U. S. National Museum should be 
noted. 

1. The dark patch across the snout seems to be a constant character 
which appears more or less prominently at all ages and in all the 
color varieties. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1816. 
231 


232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. 


2. The shape of the caudal fin is variable, the young (fetal) speci- 
mens having the caudal rounded (see plate 11) while in the adults 
it is truncate. (See plate 10.) 

3. The adult males seem to be proportionally narrower than the 
females. This difference is not apparent in the young. The males 
that are referable to the subspecies wmbrosa are especially narrow. 
We have no females of this form. 

4. The difference in color between the young and the adult should 
be noted. The young have the dark spots very definite in outline 
while in the adult they are much less distinct and are sometimes 
formed by a close grouping of small spots about the size of a pin head. 

An interesting life-history note on Narcine brasiliensis by Russell J. 
Coles is published in Bulletin 28, of the American Museum of Natural 
History, 1910, page 337. We quote the note in full: 


In July, 1909, I first saw this electric ray and captured two specimens which were 
presented to the laboratory of the Bureau of Fisheries at Beaufort, N.C. They were 
the first recorded on our Atlantic coast north of Florida. In July, 1910, I captured 
and preserved eleven specimens at Cape Lookout and know of the capture of more 
than a dozen others by the native fishermen during the same week; and none were 
seen either before or after that week. This ray can give a very powerful electric 
shock. I have been knocked down many times by this shock while experimenting 
with the fish, yet could make no record of this peculiar form of electricity as it had no 
effect on my battery-testing ammeter and it would not light a little electric lamp which 
only required two and a half volts. Probably it might have been recorded by a volt- 
meter, but I had none with me. 

Several specimens which I found buried in the sand in shallow water with only the 
eyes and a little of the head and back showing were speared, and others were caught 
in the haul net. 

Several bare foot native fishermen were knocked down by accidentally stepping on 
them in shallow water. These rays remain soft and rubber like in a formalin solution 
which hardens other specimens. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 10 


ADULT FEMALE OF NARCINE BRASILIENSIS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 232. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 11 


YOUNG OF NARCINE BRASILIENSIS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 232, 


A NEW TREMATODE. (STYPHLODORA BASCANITENSIS) 
WITH A BLIND LAURER’S CANAL. 


By JospPH GOLDBERGER, 
Passed Assistant Surgeon, U. S. Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service. 


While studying the helminthological collections in the U. 5S. 
National Museum, I found three toto mounts, one series of frontal 
sections, and six specimens in glycerine-alcohol all of one species of a 
trematode from the liver of a Bascanion constrictor collected by Dr. 
Albert Hassall near Alexandria, Virginia, on July 13, 1892. One of 
the toto mounts was presented to Prof. Ch. Wardell Stiles by Doctor 
Hassall, while the remaining specimens form a part of the Hassall 
collection. 

For the privilege of studying this material I am indebted to both 
Doctor Hassall and Professor Stiles. 


EXTERNAL CHARACTERS. 


Size.—The specimens in alcohol vary in length from 3.8 to 4.88 
mm. and in width from 1.72 to 2.92 mm.; the three mounted speci- 
mens vary from 3.7 to 5 mm. in maximum length and from 2 to 3 mm. 
in maximum width. 

Color.—The worms in alcohol are of an olive green tint with a dark 
area corresponding to the egg-distended uterine coils. 

Form.—The body is dorso-ventrally flattened; in ventral view it is 
oval in outline with a somewhat attenuated, bluntly pointed oral end 
and a bluntly rounded caudal margin. A transverse section near the 
cephalic end is subcircular in outline; farther caudad transverse 
sections are elliptical with relatively very short dorso-ventral diam- 
eter. Thus, a transverse section in the testicular zone of one 
specimen measures 1.42 mm. in transverse diameter and 0.375 mm. 
in dorso-ventral diameter. 

Surface.—The surface cuticle is thin, measuring about 4 y in thick- 
ness and is armed with delicate spines. The spines are not very 
numerous and do not appear to be uniformly distributed, being very 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No.: 1817. 933 


234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


sparse or altogether absent at the caudal pole. In the median line 
of the venter, at about the junction of the cephalic with the middle 
third of the body length, is the circular aperture of the acetabulum. 
At a point about the acetabular diameter cephalad of the cephalic 


FIG. 1.—VENTRAL VIEW SHOWING TOPOGRAPHY. @C., ACETABULUM; C. p., CIRRUS 
POUCH; €8., ESOPHAGUS; eZ. ~., EXCRETORY PORE; e€f. ¥., EXCRETORY VESICLE; 
g. P., GENITAL PORE; 7., INTESTINE; DL. C., LAURER’S CANAL; 0. S., ORAL SUCKER; 
0v., OVARY; ph., PHARYNX; ¢., TESTIS; ut., UTERUS; ¥, 9., VITELLARIA- FROM A 
PRESS PREPARATION. ENLARGED. ORIGINAL. 


margin of the acetabulum and in or very slightly to the right of the 
median line is the genital pore. 

Acetabulum.—The acetabulum varies in diameter in four sectioned 
specimens between 0.270 and 0.345 mm. It is of a loose-meshed 
structure like that in Athesmia foxi.1 Its aperture appears to be 
somewhat smaller than that of the mouth. 


1 Goldberger and Crane, 1911. 


No. 1817. A NEW TREMATODE—GOLDBERGER. 935 


INTERNAL ANATOMY. 


Digestive tract.—The oral aperture is ventro-terminal in position, 
circular in outline, and somewhat larger than the aperture of the 
acetabulum. It leads into a well-developed oral sucker. The latter, 
measured in sections, varies between 0.420 and 0.435 mm. in maxi- 
mum longtidudinal, 0.300 and 0.315 mm. in maximum dorso-ventral, 
and between 0.300 and 0.360 mm. in maximum transverse diameter. 
It is therefore somewhat larger than the acetabulum. Its structure 


FiGc. 2.— SAGITTAL SECTION TO SHOW PREPHARYNGEAL ATRIUM. Pp. ph., 
PREPHARYNX. (FOR OTHER LETTERING SEE FIG. 1.) ENLARGED. 
ORIGINAL. 
is of the same loose-meshed character as the acetabulum. Attached 
to the base of the oral sucker is a relatively roomy prepharyngeal 
atrium or prepharynx (fig. 2). This is succeeded by a pharynx that 
measures about 0.105 mm. in longitudinal diameter. Around the 
base of the latter is an accumulation of gland cells. In its turn the 
pharynx is succeeded by an esophagus that forks laterally into the 
intestinal ceca at a point just cephalad of the level of the genital pore. 
The intestinal ceca pass caudad paralleling the lateral body margins, 
to terminate in slightly separate planes at about the level of junction 


236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 


of the penultimate with the caudal fifth of the body length. The 
ceca are narrowest at the esophageal ends; their diameter increases 
slightly in the direction of their cecal extremities. The oral sucker, 
prepharynx, pharynx, and esophagus are lined with a cuticular layer; 
the intestinal lumen is lined by a layer of large cubical epithelial cells. 

Genital system— Male organs.—The testes are in the intercecal area 
in.a zone slightly preequatorial. They are placed one to the right 
and the other to the left of the median sagittal plane, near the mesial 
or mesio-ventral aspect of the corresponding gut, but not abutting 
the field of the latter, although in press preparations they may appear 
to do so (as for instance in fig. 1 drawn from a press preparation). The 
testicular zones overlap more or less, but do not coincide, and their 
fields are s¢éparate. The cephalically placed testis may belong to the 
right or to the left side; in four of seven specimens studied the right 
testis is in advance, in three it is the left. The testes are irregularly 
globular in form, without surface indentations, approximately equal 
in size, and measure about 0.195 mm. in diameter. A relatively 
stout-walled vas efferens springs from the cephalic aspect of each. 
Each vas passes mesio-cephalad assuming a position close to the dorsal 
aspect of the corresponding ramus of the excretory vesicle. The vas 
of the side in which the ovary is placed passes in its course in close 
relation first to the ventral aspect of the globular cecal end of Laurer’s 
eanal, then close to the ventral aspect of the receptaculum seminis; 
later it passes close to the mesial aspect of the ovary, between the lat- 
ter and the shell gland. Cephalad of the shell gland, the vas tends 
toward the axial region to meet and unite with its fellow at the base of 
the cirrus pouch. ‘The cirrus sac is an elongate cylindrical thin-walled 
structure measuring about 0.525 mm. in length and about 0.105 mm. 
in maximum diameter. It incloses a slightly coiled vesicula, a short 
prostatica, and a protrusile cirrus. With the cirrus retracted the 
ductus ejaculatorius discharges into an atrium which also receives 
the vagina. The pouch lies dorso-cephalad of the acetabulum, its 
axis directed obliquely cephalo-ventrad. In press preparations (fig. 1) 
the pouch appears to take a somewhat curved (crescentic) course 
laterally of the acetabulum somewhat as described and pictured by 
Looss! for Styphlodora solitaria; in sections, however, one finds that 
the pouch, although submedian, is, as here described, dorso-cephalad, 
not lateral of the acetabulum. The base of the pouch is in a plane 
slightly cephalad of the caudal margin of the acetabulum. 

Female organs.—The ovary is a globular body, somewhat smaller 
than the acetabulum and considerably smaller than the testes; it is 
placed to one side of the median plane in a zone that abuts or slightly 
overlaps the acetabular zone cephalically, and is separated to a vari- 
able extent from the zone of the cephalically placed testis, caudally. 


11902, p. 506, fig. 24, 


No. 1817. A NEW TREMATODE—GOLDBERGER. Heat 


It is placed in the same side of the intercecal area as is the caudally 
placed testis within whose field the ovarian field falls. The oviduct 
springs from the dorso-mesial aspect of the ovary and tends dorso- 
mesially and caudad. Almost immediately after its origin it receives 
a short duct from the receptaculum seminis; a little beyond this 
point it gives off a duct that passes caudad close to the ventral aspect 
of the receptaculum seminis at the level of the caudal margin of which 
it dilates into a globular body of about the size of the ovary (fig. 3). 
This duct corresponds, in its relation to the oviduct, and in its struc- 
ture, to Laurer’s canal, but instead of passing to and opening on the 
surface it ends in the manner described for Laurer’s canal in Aspido- 
gaster conchicola. The globular cecal end of this canal contains 
spermatozoa, sperm-morulas, round deeply staining bodies suggesting 
nuclei and a few vitelline cells. Immediately after the origin: of 


ou. a. 


Fic. 3—DIAGRAM TO SHOW RELATIONS OF LAURER’S CANAL AND 
ITS GLOBULAR END. C. vd., COMMON VITULLO-DUCT; ov. d., OVI- 
DUCT; 7. S., RECEPTACULUM SEMINIS; S. g., SHELL GLAND; t. vd., 
TRANSVERSE VITELLO-DUCT. (FOR OTHER LETTERING SEE FIG. 1.) 
ORIGINAL. 
Laurer’s canal the oviduct enters an ill-defined, irregular mass of 
cells forming the shell-gland within which it is joined by the common 
vitelloduct to form the ootype. The shell gland lies close to the 
mesial and mesio-dorsal aspect of the ovary and close to the ventral 
aspect of the receptaculum seminis. The seminal receptacle is an 
ovoid structure somewhat larger than the ovary close to the dorso- 
caudal aspect of which it lies; it is filled with spermatozoa. The 
uterus, a continuation of the ootype, emerges from what may be 
regarded as the ventral aspect of the shell gland, passes ventrad, 
then caudad. The uterine coils extend to quite near the caudal 
margin; they fill the posttesticular portion of the intercecal area and 
its extension caudad. There is a descending and an ascending 
uterine limb that may be distinguished by the difference in the tint 
of the contained eggs, the eggs in the ascending limb being the darker. 
Both limbs form transverse coils in adjacent (right and left) lateral 


238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


fields that are distinct, but dovetail to some extent. In one of the 
preparations one of the transverse coils of the ascending limb lies on 
the opposite side, among the coils of the descending limb. As the 
uterus enters the testicular zone its coils fill the area between the 
testes, encroaching to some extent on the testicular fields; then it 
ascends laterally of the mesial aspect of the ovary to assume a more 
simple course cephalad of the latter and dorsally of the cirrus sac to 
discharge finally into the genital atrium. 

The vitellaria, consisting of a moderate number of groups of a 
well-developed follicles, are situated ventro-laterally of the intestinal 
ceca in a zone the cephalic limit of which is a plane slightly caudad 
of the cephalic margin of the acetabulum and the caudal limit, the 
plane of the caudal margin of the caudal testis. In one of the prep- 
arations the grouping of the follicles is very clearly evident; each 
gland in this specimen appears to be made up of nine groups. A 
duct leaves each group of follicles; these ducts unite to form one or 
two secondary yolk ducts that leave each gland to pass toward the 
axial region dorsally of the gut. When two ducts leave the gland 
they unite later to form a single transverse vitelloduct. The trans- 
verse duct of one side unites with its fellow of the other side close 
to the ventro-caudal aspect of the shell gland to form a common 
duct. The common duct passes cephalo-dorsad into the shell gland 
to unite with the oviduct as already described (fig. 3). 

Excretory system.—The excretory bladder is roomy and is in 
the form of a Y. The lateral stems are short; beginning at about 
the level of the cephalic margin of the globular cecal end of Laurer’s 
canal they unite at the level of its caudal margin to form the median 
stem. This passes caudad in the intercecal area dorsally of the 
folds of the uterus and between the testes to near the caudal mar- 
gin, terminating by a short duct that discharges on the dorsal sur- 
face at a point slightly removed from the caudal margin. 


SYSTEMATIC POSITION. 


From the foregoing description it will be seen that in the topo- 
graphic relations of its organs this worm conforms to the diagnosis 
of the genus Styphlodora Looss.! I therefore place this worm in 
this genus under the name of Styphlodora bascamensis. It stands 
close to Styphlodora solitaria Looss, from which, however, it differs 
in several respects most notably in that Laurer’s canal instead of 
opening on the dorsum terminates blindly. This peculiarity of 
Laurer’s canal has heretofore been noted, so far as I am aware, only 
in one other trematode, namely, Aspidogaster conchicola. 

The specific diagnosis of Styphlodora bascamensis may be sum- 
marized as follows: 


11902, p. 507. 


, 
P 
. 


No. 1817. A NEW TREMATODE—GOLDBERGER. 239 


Specific diagnosis.—Dorso-ventrally flattened, oval distomes with 
bluntly pointed oral and rounded caudal margin, 3.8 to 4.88 mm. 
long by 1.72 to 2.92 mm. wide. Cuticle 4 thick, armed with deli- 
cate spines which are few or absent at caudal pole; acetabulum at 
junction of cephalic and middle third of body; genital pore the 
length of acetabular diameter preacetabular, submedian. Oral 
aperture ventro-terminal, larger than acetabular aperture; oral 
sucker larger than acetabulum; pharynx present with prepharyngeal 
atrium; esophagus short, forks just cephalad of level of genital 
pore; ceca terminate at level of junction of penultimate with caudal 
fifth of body length. 

Testes irregularly globular, smooth, equal, right and left, pre- 
equatorial, postacetabular, in intercecal area; testicular zones over- 
lap, fields are separate. Cirrus pouch present, dorso-cephalad of 
acetabulum; incloses a vesicula, a short prostatica and a protrusile 
cirrus. 

Ovary is globular, smooth, smaller than acetabulum or testis, 
submedian; ovarian zone abuts or overlaps caudal limit of ace- 
tabular zone. Laurer’s canal present, but terminates in a blind 
globular end. Receptaculum seminis present, large. Uterus with 
descending and ascending limb in separate, right and left, adjacent 
fields, extends to near caudal margin, intercecal. Vitellaria ventro- 
lateral of ceca; follicles in groups extend from slightly caudad of 


_ cephalic margin of acetabulum to plane of caudal margin of caudal 


testis. Excretory bladder roomy, Y shaped. Excretory pore dorso- 
subterminal. — 
Habitat—Liver of Bascanion constrictor, Virginia, U.S. A. 
Type.—Cat. No. 7326, U.S.N.M.; cotypes No. 5863 and No. 7112. 


REFERENCES. 


Braun, 1892.—Vermes, Bronn’s Klass. u. Ordnung. d. Thier-Reichs. Leipzig, vol. 4, 
Abth. Ia; Lief. 21-23, pp. 715-716. 

GOLDBERGER and CRANE, 1911.—A new species of Athesmia froma monkey. Bull. 
No. 71, Hyg. Lab. U. 8. Publ. Health & Mar.-Hosp. Serv., Washington. 

Looss, 1902.—Ueber neue und bekannte trematoden aus Seeschildkréten. Zool, 
Jahrb., Jena, Abth. f. Syst., vol. 5, pp. 411-894. 

StarrorD, 1896.—Anatomical structure of Aspidogaster conchicola. Diss. (Leipzig.' 

Voetrzxov, 1888.—Aspidogaster conchicola. Arb. a. d. zoolzootom. Inst. in Wurz 
burg, Wiesbaden, vol. 8, pp. 249-289. 


Bibliographic citations are from Stiles and Hassall’s Index Cata 
logue of Medical and Veterinary Zoology (Authors: Bull. 39, Bureay 
of Animal Industry; Trematoda: Bull. 37. Hygienic Laboratory, 
U.S. Pub. Health & Marine-Hosp. Serv., Washington, D. C.). 


BEES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE UNITED STATES 
NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2. 


By T. D. A. CocKERELL, 
Of the University of Colorado, Boulder. 


The present contribution deals principally with Asiatic bees, and 
includes a number of new species collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in 
localities rarely visited by naturalists. Especially interesting are 
those obtained at very high altitudes in the Himalayan region, be- 
longing to a peculiar fauna, recently made known in part through the 
work of the British Tibet expedition.t. Doctor Abbott’s collections 
have long priority over those of the British expedition, but descrip- 
tions of the latter have, in part, been published first. 


HALICTUS NIKKOENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length slightly over 6 mm., anterior wing 44; head, 
thorax, and abdomen olive-green; head large, broader than thorax, 
facial quadrangle larger than the small mesothorax; clypeus not 
produced, its lower part blackened, its surface shining, with distinct 
but very sparse punctures; mandibles dark red subapically; supra- 
clypeal area shining; front and vertex dullish, very densely granular- 
punctate; cheeks broad, unarmed; antenne dark, apical part of 
flagellum ferruginous; hair of head and thorax dull white, scanty; 
mesothorax and scutellum shining, with fine close punctures, yet not 
so close on disk as to hide the surface; area of metathorax looking 
granular under a lens, but really covered with very fine, vermiform 
anastomosing wrinkles; tegule testaceous; wings yellowish, with a 
sort of dilute orange tint; stigma and nervures pale ferruginous, outer 
nervures distinct; second s. m. narrow, only about half as broad 
as third, receiving first r. n. at about beginning of its last third; 
legs dark, with pale yellowish hair, anterior and middle knees pallid, 
tarsi reddish, the hind basitarsus darker; hind spur with two large 
broad blunt teeth, the first about quadrate, the second very low, 
very much broader than long; abdomen finely punctured, the hind 


1 See Entomologist, Sept., 1910. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL.40—No. 1818. 


80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——16 


241 


942 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. 


margins of the segments more or less testaceous, and covered with 
grayish-white hair bands, those on the first two segments wanting 
in the middle, but on the third and fourth entire. 

Habitat —Nikko, Japan (Koebele). 

A species of the group of H. tumulorum, noticeable for the large 
head, with a well-developed occipital region. Among the described 
Japanese species it is nearest to H. alexoides Strand, but this latter is 
larger, with the tarsi and basitarsi of the female clear yellow. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13529, U.S.N.M. 

In the following key the new species is contrasted with several 
other related forms: 


Abdomen densely covered with pubescence, the apical hair bands, if any, not con- 


APICUOUS a2 5-Seec ese 5 cessed sane neat nee ss + set betes cee eee ee Th. 
Abdomen -with..very conspicuous apical hair bands... 22. --252..2-)222.se = eee 2. 
1. About 9 mm. long; hair of abdomen distinctly ochreous, wings slightly milky. 

(Buda; Friese) .- s22 ce ok Se SES a eee NO cariniventris Morawitz. 


Smaller; hair of abdomen dense, pale grayish; vertex and mesothorax bluish. 
vestitus Lepeletier. 
2. Metathorax dark, greenish-black (Innsbruck; Friese)....--- tumulorum Linneeus. 
Metathorax clear green .......- nes tel ei sheets eeeee ae 
3. Mesothorax small, closely siecane Tea dipmenee the surface visible between the 
pumetuibes’. S02 eA SSS Ee. See ere nikkoensis Cockerell. 
Mesothorax very densely punctured, granular .....- subauratus Rossi (including © 
seladonius Fabricius) and virescens Lepeletier (including gramineus Smith.) 


HALICTUS CALCEATUS Scopoli. 


Gersau, Switzerland, July 30, and Rigi Culm, Switzerland, August 
1, 1909 (T. D. A. and W. P. Cockerell). 
HALICTUS QUADRINOTATUS Kirby. 
A male at Wangen, Baden, August 5, 1909 (Cockerell). 
HALICTUS PAUXILLUS Schenk. 

Two females at Wangen, Baden, August 5, 1909 (Cockerell). Frey- 
Gessner remarks that one would take this for a small H. albvpes, but 
it has the mesothorax less densely punctured, with the surface between 
the punctures plainly visible. This is well said, for among a series 
of H. albipes received from Doctor Friese I find a pauzillus, collected 
by him at Buda. 

HALICTUS INTERRUPTUS Panzer. ‘ 

One female at Wangen, Baden, August 5, 1909 (Cockerell). 


HALICTUS TUMULORUM Linnzus. 


My wife and I collected this in 1909 at Troyes, France, August 8; 
Gersau, Switzerland, July 30; Wangen, Baden, August 5. 


HALICTUS MORIO Fabricius. 


Wangen, Baden, August 5, 1909 (Cockerell). 


No. 1818. BEES IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2—COCKERELL. 2438 


ANDRENA KNUTHI Alfken. 


Two males from Wakasa, Japan (T. Fukai). The dark markings 
on the upper part of the clypeus may be barely visible (excepting the 
usual spots, which are always distinct), or the whole upper two- 
fifths of the clypeus may be black. The abdomen is extremely shiny, 
with the hind margins of the segments testaceous. 


ANDRENA PRACOCIFORMIS, new species. 


Male.—Length 8 to 9 mm., black, with long white hair on head, 
thorax, and legs, black at sides of face, upper part of cheeks behind, 
and a little on scutellum. In Schmiedeknecht’s table of European 
species it runs to A. parvula, but it actually resembles A. precox 
Scopoli, so much so that at first sight it seems to be the same. It 
differs from precox by the rather smaller size; the cheeks, though 
broad, dullish except near the eye, and not angled behind (shiny and 
angled in precox); the mandibles moderate, without the very long 
falciform apical tooth of precoz; the head above and cheeks with less 
black hair; the sides of thorax behind with hair all white; the meta- 
thorax rougher; the hind margins of abdominal segments a little 
reddish, and with a tendency to thin marginal hair bands at sides. 
Mesothorax dull and rough; metathorax very dull and rough, the 
area ill defined, minutely granular, roughened basally, its apical angle 
acute; tegulze very dark rufo-piceous; wings as in precox, but stigma 
darker (variable); first r. n. joining the broad second s. m. about 
middle; abdomen shining, without distinct punctures. Antennal 
joints 3 to 5 measured as follows in two specimens: the type, (3.) 374, 
(4) 255, (5.) 340 yw. Another, (3.) 323, (4) 306, (5) 340 yw. The 
latter specimen is the larger. 

Habitat.—Japan, specimens numbered 166 and 54. 

The Californian A. knuthiana Cockerell is also allied. A. japonica 
Alfken is also compared with precox, but it is larger and evidently 
different. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13530, U.S.N.M. 


ANDRENA RUPSHUENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length slightly over 11 mm.; black, with pale hair, the 
form rather slender, at first sight rather suggesting a male; hair of 
head and thorax long and loose, white below, very pale ochreous 
above, vertex and sides of front with dark fuscous hair; face very 
broad, eyes small, so that the facial quadrangle is about 13 as broad 
as long; malar space large, brilliantly shining; mandibles with the 
apical half obscurely ferruginous; cheeks broad, shining; process of 
labrum broad, truncate; clypeus brilliantly shining, well punctured, 
except a broad smooth median band; front dull and roughened; 
facial fovee broad, occupying much more than half space between 


244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


antenne and eyes, dark seal brown, not separated from eye, ending 
a little above level of top of clypeus; antenne black (flagellum 
brownish-black), the third joint almost as long as the next three 
combined; mesothorax shining, the disk with distinct but well sepa- 
rated punctures; scutellum shining; base of metathorax dull and 
eranular, without ruge, the area scarcely defined; tegule dark 
rufotestaceous; wings moderately dusky; stigma and nervures fer- 
ruginous, rather dark; first r. n. reaching second s. m. far beyond 
middle; legs black, the tarsi dark ferruginous; spurs ferruginous; 
hair of legs dull white on femora, pale orange on tarsi; mainly 
reddish on tibie; the orange scopa of hind tibia has collected a 
quantity of red pollen; abdomen shining, with only feeble piliferous 
punctures, hind margins of the segments narrowly testaceous; first 
segment with much long pale hair; segments one to four with con- 
spicuous white apical hair-bands, that on first thin in the middle; 
caudal fimbria purplish-sooty, as also the thick apical fringe of fifth 
segment. 

Habitat—Rupshu, Ladak, 16,000 feet, July 21 and 22, 1897 (W. L. 
Abbott). 

In Schmiedeknecht’s table this runs to 153, and runs out because © 
of the yellow or orange scopa, combined with the absence of distinct 
punctures on the abdomen. The superficial appearance is that of a 
rather pale A. fulvicrus Kirby, but the latter has a strongly punctured 
abdomen. This seems to have no special affinity with any of the 
numerous species described from northern India and adjacent 
regions. It may possibly be identical with one of the 52 described 
by Morawitz from Turkestan, but I think not, as the bee-fauna of the 
higher altitudes in the Himalayas seems to be wholly distinct (as to 
species) from that of the lower levels, as might be expected. 


Type.—Cat. No. 13531, U.S.N.M. 
ANDRENA PILIPES Fabricius. 


Pekin, China, April 21-30, 1901 (M. L. Robb). These Chinese 
specimens run exactly to pilipes in Schmiedeknecht’s table, and upon 
comparison with a specimen of A. pilipes from Sicily, I fail to find any 
tangible difference. One specimen (female) is stylopized. 


ANDRENA THORACICA Fabricius. 


Pekin, China, April 20, 1901 (M. L. Robb). Three females in rather 
poor condition. These run exactly to thoracica in Schmeideknecht’s 
table, and agree perfectly with his description. I possess only the 
male of European thoracica, but it agrees in general with these females, 
except for the usual sexual differences; especially characteristic are 
the pallid wings with ferruginous nervures, the second s. m. large. 
In both sexes the b. n. falls a little short of the t. m. 


No. 1818. BHES IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2—COCKERELL. 945 


The collection contains three other species of Andrena from Pekin 
which I fail to recognize, but they are in indifferent condition, and I 
can not venture to describe them as new. 


NOMIA CHALYBEATA Smith. 


One male; Foochow, China (H. R. Caldwell). This agrees well 
enough with Smith’s description of his type from Shanghai, but 
Bingham describes chalybeata, which he records from Tenasserim, 
as having rufo-fulvous legs. I can only suppose that Bingham had 
a different species. The Foochow specimen has a good deal of 
black hair on the mesothorax and scutellum, and the flagellum and 
apical margins of the wings are darker than Smith indicates. There 
are, perhaps, several closely allied species or races of this immediate 
group, but if so more material is needed for their elucidation. 


NOMIA PUNCTULATA Dalla Torre. 


Described from China. A male and female from Japan (Mitsu- 
kurt) do not appear to differ in any respect. The female has three 
emerald green bands on the abdomen, while the four of the male 
are more bluish green. The species is very close to the Indian 
N. elliotit Smith, but easily separated by the absence of a band on 
the first abdominal segment. 


NOMIA TERMINATA Smith, var. a. 


Female.—Length about 14 mm., anterior wirg 114; black, without 
any evident bands on abdomen; postscutellum unarmed; wings 
strongly yellowish, the apex broadly clouded with fuscous. Hair of 
head and thorax ferruginous, but on mesothorax and anterior part 
of scutellum thin and mixed with fuscous; mandibles black; clypeus 
shining, depressed in middle, with very strong, sparse punctures; 
supraclypeal area elevated and punctured; clypeal keel or ridge 
evanescent; abdomen shining, feebly punctured, the hind margins of 
second and third segments at sides with pale yellowish tegumentary 
bands. 

Two females from Khow Sai Dow Mountain, 1,000 feet, Lower 
Siam, February, 1899 (W. L. Abbott). On account of the feeble 
clypeal keel, the rudiments of tegumentary bands on abdomen, and 
the feebly punctured abdominal segments, I was inclined to regard 
this as a distinct species. Close comparison with the descriptions of 
Smith and Bingham convinced me that the insect was at best a 
variety, however. Bingham states that the clypeal keel is slight, 
and Smith says the abdomen is smooth and shining. The rudiments 
of tegumentary bands may have been overlooked. 

N. aureipennis Gribodo, from, Perak, is smaller (female, 11 mm.), 
and the tegumentary bands on the second and third segments are 
better developed, though interrupted in the middle. This, though 
very closely allied, has better claims to distinction. 


246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


PSEUDOMELECTA INTERRUPTA Cresson. 
Kerrville, Texas, April, 1907 (P. Durham). 
COELIOXYS (LIOTHYRAPIS, new subgenus) APICATA Smith. 


One female; Trong, Lower Siam, January—February, 1899 (W. L. 
Abbott). This agrees with an Indian (. apicata from F. Smith’s 
collection. The species is taken as the type of a new subgenus 
Liothyrapis, distinguished by the absence of hair on the eyes. <Ac- 
cording to Friese and others, C. apicata is a synonym of C. decipiens 
Spinola, described from Egypt, and the same species is said to 
extend to South Africa, whence it was described as C. verticalis 
Smith. I have a female of (C. verticalis from Doctor Brauns, col- 
lected at Willowmore, Cape Colony, December 1, 1904. It is a 
different looking insect from apicata, although structurally almost 
the same. The apical part of the second abdominal segment (beyond 
the groove) is shorter, the more abundant pale pubescence gives the 
insect a hoary appearance, the legs are largely red, and the wings 
are hardly so dark. I am satisfied that apicata and verticalis should 
be regarded as different species. 

I have no material of the genuine C. decipiens, but according to 
Spinola it has black legs, and the wings hyaline, only smoky at the 
distal margin. Probably it is separable from apicata on the one hand 
and verticalis on the other. 


COELIOXYS SIAMENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length 12 mm.; black, including legs and antennz, with 
white pubescence; hair on inner side of tarsi pale golden; eyes pale 
ereen, their hair short but thick; face with much white hair; vertex 
with very large coarse punctures; cheeks behind eyes densely covered 
with pure white hair, this white area sharply bounded behind by a 
keel or ridge; mesothorax and scutellum with exceedingly large 
punctures, those on scutellum more irregular and less dense; hind * 
margin of scutellum turned upwards, more or less notched in the 
middle; lateral teeth strong; prothorax, margins of mesopleura, 
tubercles, and metathorax covered with white hair, which also 
forms a spot behind each tegula, a pair of spots on anterior margin 
of scutellum, and a tuft below each scutellar tooth; area of meta- 
thorax irregularly plicate at base, otherwise smooth; tegulz piceous; 
wings with about the apical half dark fuscous; spurs dark reddish 
brown; abdomen with slight purple tints, shining, strongly but 
sparsely punctured, with narrow pure white hair-bands at the 
apical margins of the segments, broadly interrupted in the middle; 
last dorsal segment very finely punctured, narrowed and keeled 
apically; last ventral elongate-conical, not notched at sides, consid- 


nNo.1818. BHES IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2—COCKERELL. 947 


erably exceeding dorsal, moderately bent downward; penultimate 
ventral segment sparsely punctured basally, densely striatulate at 
apex. | 

Habitat.—Trong, Lower Siam, two females, one in poor condition 
(W. L. Abbott). 

In Bingham/’s table this runs to C. confusus Smith, and indeed it 
has been identified by Doctor Ashmead as this species. I believe 
it is distinct, from the characters cited by Bingham for confusus, 
the two being separable as follows: 


Clypeus higher than usual, but otherwise normal; last ventral segment rather broad, 
though with nearly straight sides; apical margin of scutellum turned upward; 
abdomen strongly though sparsely punctured, the basal segment like the others. 

sLamensis. 

Clypeus very large, transverse anteriorly; last ventral segment extremely narrow; 
apical margin of scutellum not turned upward; abdomen finely punctured, the 

s punetures most, dense on, basal segment......-......22.2.2.-12.e-.0e-0- confusus. 
Bingham does not specifically state that the hind scutellar margin of 

confusus is not upturned, but Nurse describes C. perseus as the only 

Indian species having this character. 

C. lepotaxis Enderlein, from Sumatra, seems also to be allied. 
In its general superficial appearance C. siamensis much resembles 

C. penetatriz Smith, from Willowmore, Cape Colony (Brauns). 
Type.—Cat. No. 13532, U.S.N.M. 


EPEOLUS PUSILLUS Cresson. 


Victoria, Texas, April 1, 1907, at flowers of Callirrhoe involucrata 
(Nuttall), one male (J. D. Mitchell). 


STELIS COSTALIS Cresson. 
One male; Dallas, Texas, May 11, 1908 (R. A. Cushman). 
STELIS LOUISZ, new species. 


Male.—Length about 7 mm., similar to S. costalis, but second r. n. 
meeting second t. c.; clypeus with a very broad yellow transverse 
band, lobed above, leaving the upper part and lower margin dark; 
pleura with a large chrome yellow patch; coxa, trochanters, and 
femora, except at apex, black; apices of femora and all of tibiz and 
tarsi, pale yellowish-ferruginous, the anterior tibize quite yellow in 
front; first abdominal segment more coarsely punctured, its band 
broader, with the posterior excavations ferruginous; second segment 
with only lateral spots; fifth with only a small transverse yellow 
mark in middle, but bands on third and fourth as in costalis (prob- 
ably these abdominal markings are variable); short hair on and 
about apex of sixth segment black. The labrum is dark, whereas 
in costalis it is clear red. The insect is smaller and narrower than 
S. costalis. 

Habitat.—Mound, Louisiana, May 12, 1905 (C. R. Jones). 

Type.—Cat. No: 13533, U.S.N.M. 


248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. 


DIANTHIDIUM SIMILE Cresson. 


Two males; Kerrville, Texas, April, 1907, collected by H. Durham, 
one dated April 14, at flowers of Marrubium vulgare. The Texas 
D. simile is not altogether typical, and should perhaps be separated. 


DIANTHIDIUM PARVUM Cresson. 


Two of each sex; Flagstaff, Arizona, at flowers of Jris, June 11, 
1909 (F. C. Pratt). This species has the same structure as D. simile, 
and is perhaps only to be regarded as a western race. The male of 
D. pudicum Cresson is distinct by the more strongly lobed apex of 
abdomen. 

DIANTHIDIUM TEXANUM Cresson. 

One of each sex; Dallas, Texas; the female, March 2, 1908 (with 
a second label, evidently erroneous, giving date April 28, 1908); 
the male, May 3, 1908 (C. E. Hood). Cresson describes only the 
male, but the female looks just the same, except that the middle 
third or more of the clypeus is black. The ventral scope is yellowish 
white. 

ANTHIDIUM PECOSENSE Cockerell. 

One male and two females; Flagstaff, Arizona, at flowers of Jris, 
June 11, 1909 (F. C. Pratt). The male type of pecosense has the 
second r. n. meeting the outer t. c.; in the three Arizona specimens 
it goes beyond it, in the manner of Dianthidium. A minute com- 
parison of the males leaves no doubt that they belong to the same 
species. The female is similar but rather smaller, with the clypeus 
and lateral face marks yellow, as in the male; mandibles with much 
yellow; labrum black; a yellow occipital stripe, broadly interrupted 
in the middle; cheeks black; thoracic yellow markings better devel- 
oped than in male, with the axille and hind margin of scutellum 
(narrowly interrupted in middle) broadly yellow; legs with more 
yellow, the femora with a large yellow stripe or band; band on first 
abdominal segment notched behind, not divided into four spots; 
sixth segment yellow, with broad low rounded lateral lobes; ventral 
scope glittering pale fulvous. 


ANTHIDIUM POUDREUM Titus. 


This has been printed pondreum, a misprint for poudreum. Mr. 
Pratt took four males and two females at Flagstaff, Arizona, at Jris 
flowers, at the same time as the A. pecosense cited above. The 
Arizona males are more robust than Colorado specimens usually are. 
The female is like that of A. pecosense, but the clypeus has a large 
black triangle with the apex pointing downwards, the whole clypeus 
being divided into three subequal triangular areas, one black and 
two yellow. The yellow of the mesothorax is confined to a stripe 


1 See Cockerell, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 9, 1908, p. 72. 


No. 1818. BEES IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2—COCKERELL. 949 


above each tegula, the abdominal bands are lighter, and the femora 
are black without the large yellow stripes. Some of the characters 
formerly cited to separate male pecosense from poudreum are not 
constant. A constant character in the Arizona males is the absence 
of yellow on the mesothorax. 

The following key separates some females of Anthidiwm in which 
the scopa is pale. My A. blanditum predentatum seems to belong 
rather with placitum. The female of A. pecosense so nearly agrees 
with the description of A. blanditum from Nevada as to suggest that 
the two represent variations or races of one species. 


Clypeus yellow, with at most lower edge, and two dots near upper margin, dark; 


mesothorax with an angular pale stripe on each side....... 2: Reto ce els Oe Boe 1. 
Biyspeiseaun east larcelvadank..... 2c csacoci ado e ee eos Sok S hao ae fe RES oe seca dge 2 
Hemembescenceypales2.. 25. 3ia.c.qc20: feecs. sees cde ccs osce- . blanditum Cresson. 

Pubescence fulvous, especially above; legs with less black... pecosense Cockerell. 

2. Mesothorax without light markings; bands on abdominal segments | to 5, each 
Draken ito fourspotse+.)..oJjseiol lie hail. 8. ud ss on oss maculosum Cresson. 
Mexopuoraxawitn Nohtimarkings. oe 5 o.22 kpc eos Son tel sass dee eee eae woes 2 on 

3. Mesothorax with an angular pale stripe on each side..-......................-- 4. 
Mesothorax with a straight mark or a spot on each side....................... 5. 

4. Clypeus with a median black stripe. . se -....-..- placitum Cresson. 


Clypeus with a black bidentate HEN on upper p: ine lees with more black. 


placid predentatum Cockerell. 
5. Sixth abdominal segment above yellow, except at base; wings darker. 


poudreum Titus. 
Sixth abdominal segment with two rounded pale spots; wings paler. 


montivagum Cresson. 

Through the kindness of Professor Gillette I received a pair of 

supposedly authentic A. poudreum, collected at Fort Collins and 

Palmer Lake, Colorado. They are both A. tenwiflore Cockerell, but 

it is clear from the description of poudreum that it could not have 
been based on specimens of tenuiflore. 


ANTHIDIUM PORTER& Cockerell. 


Two males and one female; Marfa, Texas, June 6, 1908 (Mitchell 

and Cushman). 
ANTHIDIUM TENUIFLOR& Cockerell. 

Two males; Helena, Montana, August 6 (W. M. Mann). New to 

Montana. 
ANTHIDIUM PHILORUM Cockerell, var. ABBOTTI, new variety. 

Male.—Length, 10 mm.; all the pubescence white; clypeus, lateral 
face-marks, and mandibles except apex, cream-color, as also a spot 
above top of each eye; antenne wholly black; thorax without light 
markings; tegule black; basitarsi light yellow, the other tarsal joints 
light ferruginous; abdominal bands all interrupted in the middle 
(though the last two very narrowly), and deeply and broadly exca- 
vated (that on second segment interrupted) at sides; no light mark- 
ings on first or last segments; apical segment with broad divergent 


250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


lateral lobes, and a slender median spine; penultimate segment 
strongly dentate at sides, the margin next to the teeth not denticulate. 

Habitat.—Rupshu, Ladak, 16,000 feet, July 23,1897 (W. L. Abbott). 

In Friese’s table this runs to A. affine Morawitz, but differs in 
various particulars; for example, the lateral lobes at the end of the 
abdomen have no inwardly-directed point and are not notched on 
the outer side. There is the strongest resemblance to the Rocky 
Mountain A. tenuiflore Cockerell; superficially they appear the same, 
but on close comparison many minor differences appear. 

A. philorum was described from a female obtained by the British 
Tibet expedition, at an altitude of 13,000 feet in the Himalayas. 
The male here recorded may, I think, be safely referred to it.! 

Type.—Cat. No. 13534, U.S.N.M. 


PROANTHIDIUM KASHGARENSE, new species. 


Female.—Length about 10 mm.; robust, black with deep chrome- 
yellow markings, the femora and the basal declivity of the abdomen 
largely red; head and throax very densely, rather coarsely punctured, 
the rather coarse pubescence rufofulvous above, paler below, pale 
yellowish-gray on pleura and sides of metathorax; face broad, eyes 
converging below, dull green slightly suffused with reddish; clypeus 
and broad lateral marks yellow, the latter broadly obliquely truncate 
above, the lower side of the truncation on the orbit; lower edge of 
clypeus black, with a strong transverse groove; mandibles yellow 
except the broad edge, which bears many black teeth, a big one at 
the end being followed by six very small ones, after which come 
several big ones; an entire yellow band across occiput, broadened at 
sides and ending in a sharp point; antenne black, joints 2, 5, and 6 
red beneath; mesothorax wholly black; tubercles largely yellow; 
scutellum and axille very broadly margined with yellow; axille not 
dentiform; scutellum projecting, with a sharp posterior edge, the 
lateral corners subangulate but rounded; tegule punctured, yellow 
with a large rufous spot; wings dusky, strongly so in and beyond 
marginal cell; b. n. going basal of t. m.; first r. n. meeting first t. ¢.; 
second r. n. going well beyond second t. ¢.; legs yellow except at 
extreme base, the femora suffused with red; hair on inner side of 
tarsi fulvous, on outer side pale golden; abdomen with pale fulvous 
hair, including the scopa; basin of first segment sharply margined ; 
apex broadly rounded, turned outwards; all the segments with broad 
deep yellow bands, the first three or four rather narrowly interrupted 
in middle, but none notched at sides. 

1 Since writing the above I have received a male of true A. philorum from the British Museum. It 
differs from Doctor Abbott’s insect in having large pale-yellow marks on the last abdominal segment, 


and the first segment having a large pale-yellow patch on each side, continued mesad as a slender 
scimitar-shaped mark. 


no.1818. BEES IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2—COCKERELL. 951 


Habitat.—Kashgar, Chinese Turkestan, August 26, 1893 (W. L. 
Abbott). 

This is a species of Proanthidium, related to P. oblongatum, from 
which it differs by the fulvous scopa and the greater amount of 
yellow on the thorax, as well as other details. Proanthidiwm Friese 
must not be confused with Protanthidium T. and W. Cockerell, which 


is a quite different genus. 3 
Type.—Cat. No. 13535, U.S.N.M. 


LITHURGUS APICALIS OPUNTIZ Cockerell. 
One female; Del Rio, Texas, May 8, 1907 (F. C. Bishopp). 
MEGACHILE PAMIRENSIS, new species. 


Male.—Length 13 mm.; black, the tarsi ferruginous, the anterior 
and middle basitarsi variably dusky at base; head ordinary; eyes 
obscure reddish; mandibles dark, with two apical teeth, the outer 
one long; vertex and front dull and roughened; face and lower and 
hind part of cheeks densely covered with long white hair; anterior 
part of cheeks, and vertex, with fuscous hair, but occiput with long 
pale hair; antennze black, third joint longer than second, but shorter 
than fourth; mesothorax and scutellum densely punctured; thorax 
above with dull white hair slightly tinged with ochreous, or strongly 
suffused with reddish-fuscous, especially on scutellum; hair of pleura 
and metathorax also variable in the same manner; tegule shining 
black, slightly reddish posteriorly; wings moderately dusky, not 
dark; a brownish cloud in marginal cell; legs with long hair, varying 
from white to brown like that of the thorax, but the middle and 
hind tarsi and anterior tarsi in large part, with clear ferruginous hair, 
matching their tegumentary color; anterior coxe densely covered 
with long hair, unarmed; anterior tarsi rather thick, but not other- 
wise modified; tibial spurs ferruginous; abdomen with black hair 
on basal part of first segment, but otherwise the hair on first three 
segments is warm ochreous; on the other segments it is black, 
except that on the fourth it is largely ochreous or practically all 
black; sixth segment depressed, the broadly rounded distal margin 
bearing a series of eight to ten prominent subequal teeth; seventh 
segment with a broadly rounded median lobe; no distinct hair- 
bands, but the pale hair on the first three segments is so arranged 
as to produce a somewhat banded effect; fourth ventral segment not 
emarginate. 

Habitat.—Tagdumbash, Pamir, 13,000 feet, June 14, 1894 (W. L. 
Abbott). Two males. 

A very distinct species, related to the M. ericetorum group. The 
appearance of the abdomen (but not the apical structure) is much 
like that of M. cirewmcincta. The mandibles and antenne are formed 
essentially as in ericetorum, and the sixth abdominal segment. is 


252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. 


similar, but the seventh is quite different. MM. miliventris Morawitz 
has the sixth abdominal segment serrate, but the anterior tarsi are 
broadly dilated. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13536, U.S.N.M. 


MEGACHILE LADACENSIS, new species. 


Male.—Length, 11-114 mm.; black, the anterior femora in front, 
their tibie, extreme apex of middle and hind tibiez in front, and 
middle and hind tarsi all ferruginous, the middle basitarsus suffused 
with blackish basally; first three joints of anterior tarsi very pale 
yellowish, last two ferruginous; head ordinary, rather broad; eyes 
dull green; mandibles thick, with two apical teeth, which are more 
or less reddish; beneath at base, the mandibles have a large process, 
which fits into a little shelf on under side of head, the edge of which 
is covered with ochreous tomentum; clypeus normal, shining and 
minutely punctured; front minutely roughened; face covered with 
long white hair; hair of vertex and thorax above thin, dull white; 
mesothorax closely punctured, except in the middle of the disk, 
where it is shining, with scattered punctures, but the posterior mid- 
dle is dull; anterior edge of scutellum shining; tegule ferruginous, 
clouded with brownish toward base; wings hyaline, faimtly dusky; 
anterior coxe with stout dark spines, a little patch of orange pubes- 
cence at the base of each; anterior tarsi little broadened, but with 
a long white fringe behind, covering a yellowish one about half as 
long; the light yellow basitarsus parallel-sided, more than twice as 
long as broad, the inner apical corner produced, finger-like; hair on 
inner side of hind tarsi very pale orange; hind spurs pale brownish; 
abdomen shining, rather sparsely punctured, the hind margins of the 
segments rather broadly testaceous or ferruginous; first two segments 
with thin, long white hair; hind margins of second to fourth with thick 
apical fringes of white hair, that on second developed only at sides, 
that on third broadly interrupted, that on fourth entire; extreme 
sides of third and fourth: segments with some yellowish hair; no 
black hair on abdomen anywhere; fifth and sixth segments with long 
ochreous or fulvous hair, the fifth with a white frmge under the 
fulvous; projecting margin of sixth segment broadly shallowly 
emarginate, and at sides variably inclined to be crenulate; seventh 
segment with a strong median projection, and a little one on each 
side; ventral sezments broadly pale-margined, fourth emarginate. 

Habitat.—The type is labeled Rupshu, Ladak, 16,000 feet, July 
21, 1897 (W. L. Abbott). | 

Another male collected by Doctor Abbott is labeled Tsomorari 
Lake, Rupshu, Ladak, 16,000 feet, July 31, 1897. Apparently close 
to M. dentiventris Smith, but that has black tegule, and the end of 
the abdomen is different. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13537, U.S.N.M. 


no. 1818. BEES IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2—COCKERELL. 253 


MEGACHILE RUPSHUENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length 10 mm.; black, the small joints of tarsi ferru- 
gious; hair of head, thorax, and legs rather dull white, thin, not 
at all mixed with dark; head rather large; mandibles broad, without 
distinct teeth (doubtless worn); clypeus closely punctured, with an 
imperfect median ridge, the lower margin thickened, slightly crenu- 
lated, and with a minute median tubercle; front dull, except in 
front of ocelli, where it is shining; vertex shining, sparsely punc- 
tured; antennz black; mesothorax shining, closely punctured at sides, 
but the disk broadly smooth, very sparsely punctured, the smooth 
area reaching back to scutellum; scutellum with a slight median 
eminence, which is shining; tegulz dark reddish, with paler margins; 
wings slightly dusky; all the tarsi thick, with the hair on inner side 
orange; hind basitarsus rather broad and flat; spurs ferruginous; 
abdomen shining, with white hair-bands as in M. ladacensis, but no 
ferruginous hair dorsally, the last dorsal segment having appressed 
white hair; ventral scopa very bright fox-red, containing pollen of 
the same color. 

Habitat.—Rupshu, Ladak, 16,000 feet, July 23, 1897 (W. L. 
Abbott). 

I thought at first that this was the female of MZ. ladacensis, but the 
smaller size and differences in sculpture make this improbable, not- 
withstanding the close superficial resemblance. It is not impossible, 
however, that they may belong together. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13538, U.S.N.M. 


MEGACHILE INIMICA Cresson. 


Runge, Texas, at flowers of Helianthus, September 13, 1904, three 
females (J. C. Crawford); Dallas, Texas, at flowers of Gaillardia 
June 10, 1907, female (IF. C. Bishopp). 


MEGACHILE MEGAGYNA Cockerell. 


Ardmore, Oklahoma, July 11, two females (C. R. Jones). 


MEGACHILE VALLORUM Cockerell. 
Dallas, Texas, August 23, 1905, female (J. C. Crawford). 


MEGACHILE POLLICARIS PEREXIMIA Cockerell. 
Devils River, Texas, May 8, a small (about 12} mm. long) male 
(fF. C. Bishopp); Devils River, May 6, 1907, at flowers of Monarda 
curiodora, two males, the abdomen strongly infested with mites 
(F. C. Pratt); Victoria, Texas, at flowers of Helianthus, April 26, 
1904, two males (F.C. Bishopp); Paris, Texas, May, 1904 (Bishopp)}; 
Calvert, Texas, one male, April 6 (C. R. Jones); Kerrville, Texas, 
April 12, one male at Marrubium vulgare (F. C. Pratt). 


954 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. 


MEGACHILE ALBITARSIS Cresson. 


Chicato, Texas, September 6, 1904, two males (Ff. C. Bishopp); 
Ladonia, Texas, May 25, at flowers of Rudbeckia, sp. (¥. C. Bishopp). 


MEGACHILE SAYI HETERODONTA Cockerell. 


Cresson says of M. sayi, “legs brown-ferruginous or black,” and 
adds, ‘‘the male specimens from Texas have the legs, except coxe, 
entirely brown-ferruginous.”” The red-legged form may therefore 
be regarded as the type, and Texas the type-locality. A female 
from Illinois, received from Professor Robertson, is red-legged. 
M. heterodonta Cockerell is black-legged, but certainly represents 
nothing more than a race of JM. say. 


MEGACHILE SAYI PALUDICOLA, new subspecies. 


Female.—Unusually large, about 16 to 18 mm. long; legs black or 
dark reddish; wings dark throughout, though darker in the costal 
region; ventral scopa light yellowish, black on last segment. ) 

Habitat.—Hearne, Texas, July 23, 1906, nesting in bogs, twelve 
females (F. C. Bishopp). 

The ventral scopa of sayz and heterodonta is creamy-white, that of 
paludicola decidedly yellow. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13539, U.S.N.M. 


MEGACHILE COMATA Cresson. 


Seven males; Kerrville, Texas, three at Salvia pitcheri, four at 
Marrubium vulgare, April 10 to 12, 1907 (F. C. Pratt). 


MEGACHILE PRUINA Smith. 


Texan males bear the following data: Kerrville, at flowers of Mar- 
rubium vulgare, April 12, 1907 (F. C. Pratt); Kerrville, at flowers of 
Tetragonotheca ludoviciana, April 12, 1907 (Ff. C. Pratt); Kerrville, at 
flowers of Tetraneuris linearifolia, April 11, 1907 (F.C. Pratt); Kerr- 
ville, at Verbena, April 11, 1907 (F. C. Pratt); Dallas, at Helianthus, 
September 30, 1906 (R. A. Cushman); Devils River, at Gaillardia 
pulchella, May 3, 1907 (F. C. Pratt). 


CROCISA DECORA Smith. 


Trong, Lower Siam, January-February, 1899 (W. L. Abbott). In 
the Entomologist, August, 1910, I recorded this species from several 
tropical localities, but suggested a possibility that the true decora, 
from north China, might be distinct. Mr. G. Meade-Waldo has now 
compared the species recorded by me with Smith’s type, and kindly 
reports that they agree in all essential points. He returns to me a 
Singapore specimen as a reliable exponent of decora. ‘The Siamese 


no.1818. BHES IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2—COCKERELL. 955 


specimen differs a little, in that the blue is deeply excavated at the 
sides of the first abdominal segment, and the abdominal bands are 
more widely interrupted than in the type, but this appears to be only 
a matter of individual variation. 


OSMIA SUBFASCIATA Cresson. 


This small blue species runs in both sexes in Robertson’s tables to 
Diceratosmia, except for the absence of the frontal tubercles. The 
female has tridentate mandibles, and the ventral scopa white, varying 
to shghtly yellowish. The following localities are represented in the 


material before me: 
OKLAHOMA. 


Hugo, at flowers of Monarda citriodora, females, June 20 (F.C. 
Bishopp). 

Ardmore. Females collected by Bishopp, April 11 and 21, at 
Rubus; males by Bishopp, March 3 to April 21, at Rubus and wild 


plum. 
TEXAS. 


Dallas. Fifty-seven males, collected by Bishopp and Cushman, 
March 7 to April 26, common at Rubus and wild plum, but also at 
Cercis canadensis and Amorpha fruticosa. Twenty-one females, 
mostly collected by Bishopp, March 20 to June 26, at blackberry, 
Monarda citriodora and Gaillardia pulchella. Two are labeled as 
bred from heads of Aphanostephus skirrobasis, but Messrs. Pierce and 
Bishopp, in response to an inquiry, state that they think the bees 
were from the flowers, and whoever labeled them, accidentally 
omitted to erase the word ‘“‘bred.” Two collected by E. 8. Tucker, 
March 13, 1908, are labeled ‘‘in nest mud wasp.” 

Ladonia. Females collected by Bishopp at Achillea, May 17, and 
at Monarda, June 1. 

Pittsburg. One female, May 9 (Bishopp). 

Kerrville. Twenty-one females, one collected by P. Durham, the 
rest by F. C. Pratt, April 12 and 13, at Marrubium vulgare. 

Waco. Nine males, six at Rubus, three at yellow Oxzalis, March 22 
(R. A. Cushman). 

Clarksville. March 30, 1908 (EH. S. Tucker). Three males; ‘old 
stalks horseweed.” 

Victoria. One male, March 6 (J. C. Crawford); one female, on 
Quercus, March 26 (J. D. Mitchell). 

Calvert. One male, April 5 (C. R. Jones). 

Handley. One male, April 27 (J. C. Crawford). 

Paris. Three males, April 10 (F. C. Bishopp; female, April 17 
(Bishopp). 

Falfurrias. Four males at Helianthus, May 18 (A. C. Morgan). 


256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. 


Devil’s River. Seven females, one collected by Pratt, the others 
by Bishopp, May 3 to 6, at flowers of Marilaunidium origanifolium, 
Gaillardia pulchella, and sumach. 

Del Rio. One female, May 8 (Bishopp). 

Weatherford. Three females, June 9, at Monarda (C. R. Jones). 

Wolfe City. One female, at Heleniwm tenuifolium, May 31 
(Bishopp). 

Wichita Falls. Two females, at Monarda, June 11 (C. R. Jones). 

Llano. One female, May 20 (W. D. Pierce). 

Mineral W[ell 2]. Two females, June 9, at Monarda (Jones). 

Brownsville. Two females, at Monarda citriodora, March 23 (Jones 


and Pratt). 
DASYPODA JAPONICA, new species. 


Almost exactly like D. plumipes Panzer (hirtipes Latreille), but in 
the female the head is broader, with the eyes more diverging above, 
the black hair on dorsum of thorax is less abundant, the middle tibize 
and tarsi have purplish-sooty hair on outer side, and the hind tibize 
and tarsi are more or less ornamented in the same manner. The only 
male seen is headless, but it is like a rather small pale plumipes; the 
sixth ventral segment is broadly shallowly emarginate. 

Habitat.-—Japan (Mitsukuri), one female (type) in U. S. National 
Museum; Japan, 10 females, 1 male, in Berlin Museum. The Berlin 
Museum specimens appear to have been in some liquid, and the 
pubescence is matted. 

The tibiz and-tarsi of the male (except for the hair) are black, 
whereas in D. tibialis Morawitz from Mongolia they are rufo- 
testaceous. 


Type.—Cat. No. 13540, U.S.N.M. 


EUCERA SOCIABILIS Smith. 


Female.—Length about 14 mm.; black, without light markings on 
face; hair of vertex and thorax above pale yellowish, not mixed with 
black; hair of face, sides of thorax, etc., paler, to yellowish white, but 
that of labrum distinctly ochreous; head broad, facial quadrangle a 
little broader than long; clypeus strongly and very densely punctured, 
but shining; antenne entirely dark, third joint almost as long as 
4+5; mesothorax closely punctured at sides, but in middle with 
strong, widely separated punctures on a shining ground; scutellum 
with dense small punctures, entirely contrasting with middle of 
mesothorax; tegule ferruginous; wings dusky; hair on inner side of 
hind basitarsus ferruginous; Leto. segments 3 to 5 with broad 
dark chocolate basal bands; 2 to 4 with broad white apical bands, 
that on-2 very broadly, that on 3 narrowly, interrupted; apex of fifth — 
segment with pale brown hair. 


no. 1818. BHES IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2—COCKERELL. 257 


Male.—The male varies greatly in size (length 114-13 mm.) and in 
the color of the pubescence, which may be rich fox-red or pale gray on 
the vertex and thorax above. The abdomen is described by Smith 
as without bands, but in good specimens there are very distinct 
creamy-white to fulvous hair bands at the apices of segments 2 to 4, 
the abdomen looking like that of E. cinerea Lepeletier. The mandi- 
bles have no yellow spot. 

Habitat.— Pekin, China, April 20, 21, May 11, 12, 14, 1901 (M. L. 
Robb). 

I thought at first that this was a new species, but fortunately I have 
a pair of EL. sociabilis cotypes from Hiogo, Japan, from F. Smith’s 
collection, and upon close comparison they are evidently conspecific 
with the insect from Pekin. The cotype male is, indeed, without 
distinct abdominal bands, but they appear to have been worn off, 
as is the case with nearly all the hair on the mesothorax and scutellum. 
In consequence of the difference in condition, the Chinese and 
Japanese specimens seem on superficial examination to be quite 
different things. Smith himself stated that EH. sociabilis occurred 
also in China and Siberia. The females seen by me are quite uniform, 
but the males vary much. It is just possible that these males rep- 
resent more than one species, but I can not find any tangible struc- 
tural differences, and similar variation is well known in other 
Eucerine bees. 

In spite of the difference in venation, Tetralonia is much nearer: to 
Eucera than to Melissodes. Eucera, with two submarginal cells, is 
abundantly developed in Europe, but becomes scarce in eastern Asia, 
and fails to occur in America. 


TETRALONIA MITSUKURII, new species. 


Male.—Body and antenne each about 9 mm. long; black, the tarsi 
beyond the base ferruginous; clypeus, labrum, and large spot on 
base of mandibles yellow; apical part of mandibles with an orange 
patch; maxillary palpi pale, the third joint long, the three last 
minute; antenne long, the flagellum slender, crenulated, ferruginous 
beneath, varying to black with the faintest red tinge; third antennal 
joint very short; hair of head and thorax pale to rather bright 
ochreous above, white below, no dark hair intermixed; mesothorax 
and scutellum strongly punctured, but smooth and shining on disk, 
the mesothoracic punctures here widely separated; tegule clear 
rufotestaceous; legs with pale hair; middle and hind tarsi slender; 
wings faintly dusky, nervures ferruginous; abdomen well punctured, 
especially the first two segments; hind margins of segments very 
narrowly dark rufous, the punctures coming almost to the margin; no 
apical hair-bands, but broad pale grayish-ochreous basal ones; sixth 
segment with the hair usually redder. 

80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——17 


258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Female.—Length about 104-114 mm.; black, robust, the small 
joints of tarsi ferruginous, and the hind margins of the abdominal 
segments variably reddish; face all black; mandibles with a large 
apical orange patch; clypeus strongly and densely punctured; 
flagellum dark, at most faintly reddish beneath; hair of scutellum 
a lively yellowish-fulvous; hair on inner side of hind basitarsi ferru- 
ginous; abdomen well punctured as in the male; basal band on 
second segment very narrow in middle, those on third and fourth 
broad and pale, especially that on fourth, which is almost silvery 
white and covers the margin of the segment; hair on fifth segment 
and apex dark reddish chocolate, but that at sides of fifth broadly 
pale. 

Habitat.—Type male and three others (1 male, 2 females) from 
Japan (Mitsukuri). Also two of each sex from Tokyo, Japan, Sep- 
tember, 1892; one male is dated September 26. 

Related to T. nipponensis, but uniformly smaller, with the abdomen 
more strongly punctured, and the third antennal joint of the female 
rather shorter in proportion. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13541, U.S.N.M. 


TETRALONIA NIPPONENSIS (Pérez). 


Described by Pérez as a Macrocera. I believe my identification is 
correct, although the mandibles of the female have a subapical 
orange mark, whereas Pérez describes them as entirely black. In 
the female the dark red hair at bases of segments 2 to 4, and the fine 
orange-fulvous covering the fifth, are especially characteristic. The 
material consists of three males and two females, labeled Japan 
(Mitsukuri). 


TETRALONIA CHINENSIS Smith. 


Twenty-two males and eight females from Pekin, China, April 20 to 
30, 1901 (M. L. Robb). Smith described only the male; the female 
is much like that of 7. nipponensis, but easily separated by the black 
hair at the bases of the abdominal segments. The fifth segment has 
the hair white at sides and dilute chocolate in the middle. The 
clypeus is densely and coarsely punctured. There are three white or 
greyish-white abdominal hair bands. 

Knuth! records 7. chinensis from Japan, and gives floralia Smith 
and sociabilis Smith as synonyms. T°. floralia is quite distinct from 
chinensis, while sociabilis belongs to the genus Hucera. 

The following key separates the above three species: 


Males: .oc.03 Seas 5 oanic sete be lecic ao bie ee tered Oe arte iene ie 
Females; hair on inner side of hind basitarsus bright ferruginous ................. 3. 


1The record appears in the last volume of Knuth’s Bliitenbiologie, edited by Dr. E. Loew. While 
Knuth collected the material on which the record was made, he was, I suppose, in no way responsible 
for the erroneous synonymy. 


No. 1818. BEES IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2—COCKERELL. 259 


1. Small, length of body and antenne each about 9 mm.; mandibles with a large 


yellow spot.....- aS ee soe a edn ok a ae ee mitsukurti Cockerell. 
Larger, mandibles without a yellow subbasal spot..................--0--200000- 2. 
2 Hair oLavdomen above all pale... 20. --.:44.0.2---cas- eens lee nipponensis Pérez. 


Hair of abdomen black or fuscous on bases of segments beyond the second........ 
chinensis Smith. 


3. Bases of abdominal segments with black feltlike hair........... chinensis Smith. 
Bases of abdominal segments with brownish or reddish hair.....................4. 
ey LECEYL 3 ig Se Baa 710 0 le a A A nn a nipponensis Pérez. 
ensthy lO; —ilGrmants sce ote te ee eee eee Le Fok as mitsukurit Cockerell. 


Since the above was written, Friese has published two new species 
from Japan, T. okinawe and T. japonica. There is some resemblance 
between T. okinawe and T. mitsukurii, but the latter is smaller and 
evidently distinct. TZ. okinawxe does not come from Japan proper, 
but from the Riu Kiu Islands. T. japonica is recorded from “ Jaku- 
shima, Siidjapan,” but this is evidently Yaku Shima, in the Riu Kiu 


group. 
Genus ANTHOPHORA. 


I have included in my account of the Asiatic species in the National 
Museum a small series of Asiatic forms from the Berlin Museum. 


ANTHOPHORA SAVIGNYI Lepeletier. 


Three females in the Berlin Museum, collected by Ehrenberg in 
Syria and the Arabian Desert. In Friese’s tables they run to A. albi- 
gena Lepeletier, but they have the stature and general appearance of 
A. circulata Fabricius from Willowmore, S. Africa (Brauns). I am 
satisfied that they are separable from albigena, circulata, quadri- 
fasciata, etc., but they agree excellently with the description of A. 
savignyt Lepeletier, based on a specimen from Egypt of unknown 
history. The only difference I can find is that the hair of the legs is 
in the main pale, not black; should this prove constant in a series, 
it may indicate a separable subspecies. The fulvous hair of the head 
and thorax above is strongly mixed with fuscous, a point overlooked 
by Lepeletier. The insect is distinguished from A. quadrifasciata by 
the evident pale lateral face-marks (formed as in albigena) and the 
large patch of white hair on the outer side of the hind basitarsus. 
One of the Arabian specimens is paler than the others, the hair of 
the thorax being colored as in A. confusa. Dours thought A. 
savignyt was a variety of A. rufipes Lepeletier, a small (8 mm. long) 
South African species. I can not believe that this is at all the case; 
certainly, our insect is not a variety of rufipes. 


ANTHOPHORA ZONATA WHITEHEADI Cockerell. 
One male from the Island of Luzon, Philippine Islands, in the 


Berlin Museum. It was obtained from Rolle. The male, now first 
made known, differs from the female in the same manner as the rest 


260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. . 


of the zonata group. It is about or slightly over 10 mm. long, the 
abdominal bands shining lilac-blue or purple, the hair on outer side 
of hind tibie wholly creamy white. The face markings are pale 
yellow, and the third antennal joint has a conspicuous ferruginous 
spot. : 
ANTHOPHORA ZONATA BURUENSIS, new subspecies. 

Female.—Length about 13 mm.; like zonata, but abdominal bands 
entirely purple, as in A. zonata whiteheadi; face-markings whitish; 
scape with a pale stripe; fourth and fifth antennal joints ferruginous 
beneath; hair of thorax above pale fulvous; tegule ferruginous; hair 
on outer side of hind tibiz and basal two-thirds of basitarsi clear 
orange-ferruginous (in the manner A. zonata ternatensis), the tibia 
with a whitish apical brush. 

Habitat—Buru (Moluccas), one female (V. Martens). Berlin 


Museum. 
ANTHOPHORA CONFUSA Smith. 


Two from the Berlin Museum, one labeled ‘‘Himalaya, Hoffm.,” 
the other without locality. The colors of this insect are like those 
of the African A. niveata Friese, but the white abdominal bands are 
narrower than in niveata. 


ANTHOPHORA EVERSA, new species. 


Female.—Length 14 mm., anterior wing 93; black, with pale creamy 
or dull white hair, that on the head and thorax above mixed with 
black; tegument of face wholly black; labrum subquadrate, black, 
very coarsely rugose, with a smooth brownish spot near each upper 
corner; mandibles black; malar space exceedingly small, but not 
entirely obsolete; eyes pale red; head broad; face with greyish hair; 
clypeus shining, prominent, convex, with distinct rather sparse 
punctures and a median smooth line; disk of mesothorax shining, 
with scattered small punctures; tegule ferruginous, fuscous at base; 
wings dusky, b. n. meeting t.m. a little on the basad side; legs black, 
with white hair, that on inner side of tibiz, and especially tarsi, 
ferruginous; small joints of tarsi clear red; spurs clear orange ferru- 
ginous; abdomen cordiform, black, the first segment covered with 
creamy-white hair, the following three with black hair, and broad 
apical white hair bands, but the disk of the fourth segment with 
largely pale hair in the middle; fifth segment with pale hair, but the 
median apical brush dark fuscous; apical plate very narrow; last 
ventral segment projecting; ventral hair white, with a slight creamy 
tinge; antenne black, third joint longer than the three following 
united. 

Habitat—Lantschou, China (W. Filchner). Berlin Museum. 

Differs from A. finitima Morawitz by the clear red spurs, the apical 
brush on the hind basitarsus pale reddish instead of black, and the 


no.1818. BHEHS IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2—COCKERELL. 261 


larger size, but seems to be closely allied. Differs from A. testaceipes 
Morawitz by the smaller malar space, the redder tegule, the darker 
basitarsi, and the white (not ferruginous) hair of middle of abdomen 
beneath. Differs from A. tedshenensis Radoszkowski by the larger 
size, dusky wings, and the absence of hair on the disk of the clypeus. 
A. connexa (Podalirius connexus Nurse) is also related, but has piceous 
spurs, and other differences. There is quite a strong general resemb- 
lance to A. blanda Pérez, from Tunis, but the abdominal bands are 
ereyish, slightly yellowish, not pure white as in blanda. 


ANTHOPHORA HILGENDORFI, new species. 


Female.—Length about 21 mm., expanse about 35, width of 
abdomen a little over 8; robust, black, without light face markings; 
malar space evident; labrum broader than long, very rugose, with 
the lower edge greatly thickened, and with a pair of small reddish 
spots near base; clypeus densely punctured, with a very obtuse 
median keel; scape red at apex, antenne otherwise black with the 
third joint about as long as the next five together; hair of occiput, 
thorax above, upper part of pleura broadly, metathorax, and first two 
dorsal abdominal segments, all pale fulvous, not mixed with black; 
hair otherwise black except on outer side of hind tibie in front, where 
it is ferruginous; wings moderately dusky; tegule clear ferruginous; 
spurs dark ferruginous. Very close to A. hispanica Lepeletier, but 
less robust, the third and following abdominal segments with black 
hair, and without the lateral light hair so conspicuous in hispanica; 
the clypeus also is not so densely roughened. If the insect’ had been 
taken in Spain or Northwest Africa I should think it a variety of 
hispanica, but considering the remote locality, and the fact that it 
does not accord with any of the members of the hispanica group 
described from Central Asia, it is doubtless a distinct species. 

Habitat.—Japan (Hilgendorf). Berlin Museum. 


ANTHOPHORA FULVITARSIS Brullé. 


One male, agreeing well with this species, though less robust than 
one from Algeria. Pekin, Chinf, April 20, 1901 (M. L. Robb). 
Nurse found A. fulvitarsis at Quetta, and Friese states that a male 
from China is in the Schulthess collection. 


ANTHOPHORA VENERABILIS, new species. 


Female—Length 18 to 194 mm.; black, including the face, densely 
covered with pale grey hair, but that on hind knees, outer side of hind 
tibiz, and hind basitarsus except at apex, bright orange ferruginous. 
Malar space well developed; antennze black, third joint about as long 
as the next four together; labrum with pale ferruginous hair; clypeus 
closely punctured; sides of vertex and anterior part of cheeks with 
some black hair; mesothorax with black hair mixed with the light; 


262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vot. 40. 


tegule dark rufous; wings moderately dusky; b. n. just falling short 
of t. m.; anterior femora with very long greyish-white hair behind, 
but black below and in front; their tibiee with black and pale mixed; 
their tarsi with black, rather reddish on inner side; middle femora 
with long sooty hair; their tibize and tarsi with ferruginous hair on 
outer side and black on inner; hind femora with black hair, but 
mostly white on upper side (white also on hind coxe and trochanters 
beneath); their tibize and tarsi with black hair on inner side and red 
on outer, the basitarsal brush black or dark reddish; hind spurs 
ferruginous, with lateral dark lines; apex of abdomen, around the 
narrow apical plate, black haired; some black hair on basal part of 
third segment, almost hidden; apical ventral segments reddish 
haired in middle, with black hair before the red. 

Habitat—Japan (Hilgendorf). Five females in Berlin Museum. 

Runs in Friese’s table to A. senilis Eversmann, from Russia and 
Turkestan, but is larger, with the hair of the legs differently colored in 
part and the tarsi dark. If it came from the mainland I should 
think it probably a subspecies of A. senilis. Doctor Friese has 
marked one of the specimens ‘‘canescens?,”’ i. e. A. nigrocincta, var. 
canescens Brullé, from Greece. It does accord very nearly with 
Brullé’s short description, but considering the different locality, and 
the fact that Brullé’s insect was very insufficiently described, I can 
not assume that the Japanese species is identical. It is perhaps just 
possible that Brullé had a Japanese specimen with the wrong locality; 
Friese places canescens as a variety of migrocincta without seeing 
specimens, and if the two are really conspecific, the name canescens 
has priority and should stand for the species. In Dalla Torre’s 
Catalogue canescens appears as a Megachale. 


ANTHOPHORA ROBBI, new species. 


Female.—Almost exactly like A. atroalba Lepeletier, but all the hair 
on outer side of hind basitarsus black, that on outer side of hind 
tibia silver white. It very likely deserves only subspecific rank, but 
the male may show more difference. 

Habitat.—Pekin, China, May 7, 1901 (M. L. Robb). U.S. National 
Museum. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13542, U.S.N.M. 


ANTHOPHORA RETUSIFORMIS, new species. 


Male.—Length about 15 mm., black, the occiput, thorax above, 
pleura, metathorax, and first two abdominal segments with bright 
orange-fulvous hair, not mixed with black; a little black hair on 
vertex; hair of face pale yellowish, of lower part of cheeks long and 
white; abdomen shining, feebly and sparsely punctured, the third 
and following segments with black hair, apical margins of second to 


no. 1818. BEES IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2—COCKERELL. 263 


fourth with whitish hair much as in A. atro-alba female, but less 
distinct; extreme sides of fifth and sixth segments with white hair; 
sides of apical half of venter with much light hair; legs dark, including 
tarsi; outer side of tibe with ferruginous hair; anterior tarsi with 
light hair, but middle and hind basitarsi with much black hair, 
especially behind, though they have light hair at apex, and the small 
joints have light hair, except a black tuft on each side of last joint of 
middle tarsi; the ornamentation of the middle tarsi is as in A. retusa 
(not as in A. monacha), except that the posterior black brush of the 
basitarsus is longer and more or less evidently pointed apically, and 
the apical black brush seems smaller; face-marks yellow, including 
clypeus (with no basal spots), lateral marks (fillimg space between 
clypeus and eye, and with an upward process ending a little away 
from orbit), narrow supraclypeal band, labrum (except the two basal 
spots) and the rather flattened scape in front; mandibles wholly 
black; eyes green; flagellum wholly dark; third antennal joint about 
as long as the next three united; tegule piceous; wings moderately 
dusky; third s. m. broader above than second; mesothorax with 
dense small punctures. 
Habitat—Pekin, China, April 20, 1901 (M. L. Robb). U. S. 

National Museum. 

A. retusa Linneus is wide spread and very variable, and I was at 
first inclined to consider the present insect a variety or subspecies. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13543, U.S.N.M. 


ANTHOPHORA MELANOGNATHA, new species. 


Male.—Runs in Friese’s table to A. senescens Lepeletier, except 
that it is about 16 mm. long, and has quite the aspect of A. fulvitarsis 
Brullé. It differs from A. fulvivarsis as follows: Mandibles wholly 
black; a black band down each side of clypeus; lateral face-marks 
widely separated from supraclypeal band; yellow area on scape 
smaller; apical abdominal segments with hair-bands like those on 
second and third (thus rather combining the featuresof fulvitarsis 
and senescens); apical spines ferruginous. The legs are practically 
as in fulvitarsis. From A. senescens (specimen from Cairo compared) 
it is easily known by the pale bands on the second and third abdomi- 
nal segments, the whole ornamentation of the basal half of the 
abdomen being exactly as in fulvitarsis. The face markings are 
practically as in senescens, but the third antennal joint is shorter. 

Habitat—Pekin, China, May 14, 1901 (M. L. Robb). U. S. 
National Museum. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13543, U.S.N.M. 

I give a table for the separation of the above species: 


Hind margins of abdominal segments with violet bands.........------------- We 
Eero aE PaRIGKNG bISO COLOLEUnr ema e ean a tse soe te sso neers ce mae eee esieee Dr 


264 


. Hair on outer side of hind tibize creamy white . ...A.zonata whiteheadi Cockerell. 


10. 


ie 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. 


Hair on outer side of hind tibie red.............-. A. zonata buruensis Cockerell. 


. Very large robust species, 18-21 mm. long, abdomen very hairy, not banded or 


Bpotted see 10. 2 he fj oe aes Sd ad os Se toe oe Cee eee ee 3. 
Not so large, abdomen not thus hairy, usually banded....................... 4, 


. First two abdominal segments with pale fulvous hair, those beyond with dark. 


A, hilgendorfi Cockerell. 
Abdomen covered with pale grey hair; tibial scopa bright fulvous. 
A. venerabilis Cockerell. 


. Abdomen with lateral white spots of hair, or interrupted bands. 


A. robbi Cockerell. 
Abdomen not so marked 


. Hair of thorax above orange-fulvous, not mixed with black or fuscous. 


A. retusiformis Cockerell. 
Hair of thorax above mixed with black or fuscous...............-.--.------- 6. 


. Hair of hind tibize red above and black below; of thorax above red; tegule red 


(Khow Sai Dow Mountain, 1,000 feet, Lower Siam, Feb. 1899, W. me Abbott). 
A. sp. Guise new, but anes too poor to describe). 


Hairjof;hind.trbisaboveimotired... 2 522[5-2036 12. so bne tee ee eee iE 
. Second abdominal segment with much erect pale hair.......................- 8. 
Second abdominal segment without such hair.........................--.---- 9. 
. Mandibles (male) with a large yellow spot...................4 A. fulvitarsis Brullé. 
Mandibles (male) without a yellow spot..............A. melanognatha Cockerell. 


. Tuft of hair behind wings clear strong Ralnae ; flagellum red beneath. 


A. savignyi Lepeletier. 

Tuft of hair behind wings pallid, not distinctly if at all fulvous............. 10. 
First abdominal segment covered with pale hair; face without light markings. 

A. eversa Cockerell. 

First abdominal segment not so covered; ee with light markings..:.... 11. 

Larger; flageHum dark. . ale.» win a,cidtacinicle cas nidelye@ os aida shes SEA CDI RRGm caine 

Smaller; flagellum red beneath SE et rn ce ee iG savignyt Lepeletier, variety. 


THE HOFFMAN PHILIP ABYSSINIAN ETHNOLOGICAL COL- 
LECTION. 


By Wa.tter Hovan, 
Curator of Ethnology, U. S. National Museum. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The objects comprising this collection were gathered in Abyssinia 
in the year 1909 by the Honorable Hoffman Philip, minister and 
consul-general of the United States at Addis Abeba, the capital of 
Emperor Menelek. Material from Abyssinia is exceedingly rare, and 
the collection of Mr. Philip, probably the first that has been brought 
to this country, is interesting on account of the survivals which it 
exhibits from the ancient culture of northern Africa, the neighboring 
Asiatic continent, and eastern Europe. 

J. Theodore Bent notes that the fly-flaps carried by the priests are 
of identical shape with those depicted on Egyptian frescoes, and 
observes: 

Everything in Abyssinia connected with religion would seem to have its prototype 
in the ancient world; the sistrum, the fly-flap, the crutch, and many other things have 
doubtless been brought originally from the valley of the Nile, and, with the peculiar 
conservatism of primitive races, have been preserved even to our day.' 

The portion of Abyssinia inhabited by the ruling class, who have 
inherited the remains of the early civilization, is an elevated plateau 
terribly gashed by erosive agencies which render it almost inaccessible, 
and the country, though lying between the great trade routes of the 
world, the Nile and the Red Sea, has remained isolated. It has also 
been unaffected by great movements of peoples since the prehistoric 
wave of Himyarites from Arabia Felix became entangled in the vast 
recesses of the plateau. 

Abyssinia received its first culture from southern Arabia (Arabia 
Felix, Yemen) when in the prehistoric period the Himyarites crossed 
the narrow strait of Bab-el Mandeb and secured a permanent location 
on the plateau. About the third and second centuries B. C. the 
Ptolemies sent expeditions to survey the Arabian and African sea- 


1J. Theodore Bent, The Sacred City of the Ethiopians, London, 1893, p. 65. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuseEuM, VoL. 40—No. 1819. 26% 
{3} 


266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vor. 40, 


boards and to found trading stations on the coast of Ethiopia, and at 
that period Koloe and Ava, the cities of the Himyarites, were flourish- 
ing, later to be succeeded by the great Axumite empire whose city, 
Axum, shows Himyaritic culture developed under Graeco-Roman 
influences. 

CATALOGUE. 


BASKETRY. 


Embroidered hat.—Of palm midrib coiled, the whole surface, 
interior and exterior, laid over with green, yellow, red, white, and 
black floss silk. The work is called basket stitch and is one of the 
most ancient methods of couching. The hat is of European shape, 
and was made and embroidered by the Abyssinian women in the 
northern province of Waag. 

Diameter, 14 inches; height, 4 inches. 

Pl. 12, fig. 1, Cat. No. 261884, U.S.N.M. 

Coiled basket.—Formed of small coils of straw held together with 
a loosely twined splint. The sewing is of purple, green, and yellow 
dyed straw over one and three coils alternately and interwoven with 
yellow straw, producing pleasing textile patterns. The interweave 
is an advance on the coil work of the Hopi Indians of Arizona, whose 
basketry alone of all the tribes is like that of northern Africa, but 
simpler in execution than the Abyssinian. The specimen has a lid 
like an embossed shield, a capacious body resting on a foot. The 
salient edges are bound in red morocco leather, and the lid has a loop 
in the apex for convenience in lifting. 

This specimen was presented to Mr. Philip by Dedjaz Abatta, a high 
Abyssinian military official. These baskets are used as receptacles 
for crushed corn and millet, of which thick moist cakes of Abys- 
sinian bread are made. 

Diameter, 20 inches; height, 16 inches. 

Pl. 12, fig. 2, Cat. No. 261880, U.S.N.M. 


METAL WORK. 


Embossed shield.—Of buffalo hide, formed, when damp, into a high 
boss, the edge raised and turned over with a neat finish. The exterior 
surface has near the edge a band of geometric pattern in low relief 
and is decorated with repoussé silver having crescentic and triangular 
openings, and these plates are applied with round-headed tacks. <A 
cap, engraved on its upper surface, is set at the apex, and bosses hide 
the places where the handle passes through the structure of the shield. 
The interior is lined with red morocco leather bearing fine geometric 
design, and the lining is secured under the overturned edge of the 
shield. The handle is large, covered with fine leather, and looped 


1See Keane’s review of Ethiopian history in Stanford’s Compendium of Geography and Travel, Africa, 
vol. 1, London, 1895, pp. 445-446, 


wo. 1819. THE PHILIP ABYSSINIAN COLLECTION—HOUGH. 267 


over it is a strap secured at the ends with a packet knot. Two 
leather loops are secured to opposite edges of the shield on a line 
with the handle. This superb shield is used by the Abyssinian 
cavalry. 

Diameter, 204 inches; height, 64 inches. 

Pl. 13, Cat. No. 261883, U.S.N.M. 

Keclesiastical crown or miter.—Of silver percé a jour and engraved, 
consisting of a brow band, central band, and apex plate secured to 8 
vertical curving strips leaving 8 spaces from each of which project 
slantingly curved prongs of engraved silver. From the apex rises a 
tubular structure, from the capping plate of which 10 little bells are 
suspended by chains. From the lower rim of the miter juts a small 
oval plate fringed with bells and chains, resembling the vizor of a cap. 
The designs on the silver are similar to those on the shield and con- 
sist of a series of self-involving loops, apparently from some cord or 
serpent motif. 

These crowns, which are of very ancient design, are worn by the 
high priests on state occasions, and are very rare and difficult to 
obtain. The specimen described was originally in use in the church 
of St. George, Addis Abeba, Abyssinia. 

Height, 104 inches; diameter, 84 inches. 

Pl. 14, Cat. No. 261843, U.S.N.M. 

The necklaces in the Philip collection illustrate very clearly a phase 
in the origin of such ornaments from the amulet, nearly all the speci- 
mens being made up of a series of charm boxes. 

Necklace.—Consisting of small button-like beads of fine silver gilt 
filigree, 6 in number, strung on a coarse cotton string. Old Tigre or 
Godjam work. 

Diameter of beads, 2 inch. 

Pl. 15, fig. 1, Cat. No. 261867, U.S.N.M. 

Necklace.—Consisting of 8 silver filigree boxes like Asiatic amulet 
boxes, strung on a strip of cloth. The filigree work is simple rickrack 
and occurs on only one side of the boxes, which are provided with two 
loops for stringing. 

Pl. 15, fig. 2, Cat. No. 261868, U.S.N.M. 

Necklace.—Consisting of 4 boxes of silver filigree, spaced with 8 
cylindrical beads. All of the boxes have fringes of conical tinklers 
suspended by chains and two of the boxes have sliding drawers. 
The filigree work is in simple patterns. 

Pla she 3. Cate No: 261871, U:S.N.M. 

Necklace.—Consisting of 5 silver filigree boxes of crescentic, rect- 
angular, and conical outline. The design is very good, and the work 
crude, but effective. 

Pl. 15, fig. 4. Cat. No. 261869, U.S.N.M. 


268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 


Necklace.—Consisting of 25 tubular beads terminating in a filigree 
charm box having tinklers and a drawer. These necklaces are worn 
by Abyssinian women and are usually from the northern provinces of 
Tigre or Godjam, most of the silverwork emanating from Abyssinia. 
The specimens are old, few being made to-day. 

Pl. 16, fiz. 1. Cat. No. 261872, U.S.N.M. 

Necklace.—Consisting of groups of two or more silver beads alter- 
nating with tubular beads strung on fiber cord; the terminal cylinder 
is encrusted with small pearl-like ornaments. 

Pl. 16, fig. 2. Cat. No. 261870, U.S.N.M. 

Cross.—Of cast bronze, finished with a file. The form is that of 
the Greek cross, the triangular wings terminating in arrow-shaped 
projections. The surface is decorated with punch marks outlining 
the edges. This specimen, like the others, has a square, perforated 
base, from which projects an arrow-shaped spur. The specimen 
appears to be very old. 

Length, 6 inches; width, 24 inches. 

Pl 17, fies. Cat. No:-261858;, U0 S:NeM:. 

Cross.—Bronze, base perforated for suspension, stem rounded, 
cross plain Greek form, the faces ornamented with circles inclosing 
dots. 

Length, 7 inches; width, 34 inches. 

Pl. 17, fig. 2. Cat. No. 261857, US.N.M. 

Cross.—Of pewter, cast; and finished by scraping. The form is 
a floreated Greek cross with the tree rising from a flat rectangular 
base terminating below with a cross. The surface decorations are 
circles and dots and bands of herring-bone pattern. 

Length, 8? inches; width, 4? inches. 

Pl. 17, fig. 3. Cat. No. 261860, U.S.N.M. 

Cross.—Cast brass finished with the file and by scraping. The 
design, which appears to be the intertwined serpent motive, is based 
on the Greek cross, forming an elaborate and pleasing ornament. 
The work is pierced and engraved. The stem is terminated with a 
square frame, from the lower side of which extends an arrowhead. 

Length, 84 inches; width, 32 inches. 

Pl. 17, fig. 4. Cat. No. 261859, U.S.N.M. 

Woman’s bracelets.—Consisting of a band upon which is applied 
a strip of silver filigree in simple pattern. These bracelets open 
with hinge and pin, as in No. 261849, but are of older workmanship. 

Diameter, 2 inches; width, 3 inch. 

Pl. 18, fig. 1. Cat. No. 261848, U.S.N.M. 

Woman’s bracelets —A curved band of massive silver hinged and 
secured by pin and loops. The exterior is heavily worked with a 
chisel and punch in simple patterns. These are old specimens and 
display crude workmanship. 


No. 1819. THE PHILIP ABYSSINIAN COLLECTION—HOUGH. 269 


Diameter, 2} inches; width, ? inch. 

Pl. 18, fig. 2. Cat. No. 261850, U.S.N.M. 

Woman’s bracelets.—Silver filigree, one section opening on hinges 
to admit the wrist. The bracelets are good specimens of modern 
filigree work. 

Diameter, 24 inches; width, 1 inch. 

Pl. 18, fig. 3. Cat. No. 261849, U.S.N.M. 

Scabbard mounting.—Curved terminal metal sheath of a sword 
scabbard. The design is a combination of stamping with a punch 
and work with an engraving tool. The field is divided up into panels 
by bands of textile motive; most of the panels bear the St. Andrews 
cross while two have a lion and Greek cross. The Abyssinian sword 
was scimitar shape, the scabbard of leather covered with velvet, 
the grip of rhinoceros horn. North Abyssinia. 

Length, 12 inches. 

Pl. 19, fig. 1. Cat. No. 261882, U.S.N.M. 

Scabbard mounting.—Consisting of the tip of a sword scabbard in 
silver gilt filigree. Made by forming the metal base for the two 
sides, piercing it with the design, soldering the two parts together 
and covering the line with twisted wire. The designs are outlined 
with wire soldered on, the ends terminating in small bosses simu- 
lating pearls, which are masses of silver, like small shot, soldered on. 
The work is crude, but strong. The designs, which are very pleasing, 
are unlike on the two sides. 

Length, 14 inches. 

Pl. 19, fig. 2. Cat. No. 261881, U.S.N.M. 

Case for tweezers.—Of hammered silver ornamented with chasing 
and decorated with small bangles which produce an agreeable tink- 
ling sound. In form the specimen is like that of an amphora. The 
tweezers are used for picking out thorns and when not in use are 
thrust into the opening at the neck of the case. It is suspended by 
two silver chains. The case is said to be of very old Abyssinian 
silverwork. 

Length, 3? inches; diameter, 1 inch. 

Pl. 19, fig. 3. Cat. No. 261879, U.S.N.M. 

Ornamental bands.—Of silver gilt filigree. These resemble the 
bands on sword scabbards and the work is like that of No. 261881. 
They are said to be ornaments for a priest’s staff or crutch. 

Length, 1? inches; width, 3 inch. 

Pl. 19, fig. 4. Cat. No. 261856, U.S.N.M. 

Food strainer.—Of beaten silver worked into saucer form and per- 
forated by punching. The specimen is said to have been the prop- 
erty of the former King of Godjam and is of northern Abyssinian 
manufacture. 

Diameter, 4;/5 inches; height, § inch. 


270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. 


Pl. 20, fiz. 1. Cat. No. 261866, U.S.N.M. 

Bell_—Of silver, cast and highly polished. The bell is of excellent 
shape and tone and is reputed to have belonged to the former King 
of Godjam. The handle is of red morocco leather. 

Diameter, 14 inches; height, 2 inches. 


Pl. 20, fig. 2. Cat. No. 261865, U.S.N.M. 


UTENSILS OF WOOD AND HORN. 


Drinking cup.—Turned from a single piece of rhinoceros horn. In 
this respect it differs from ordinary specimens, which have inserted 
bottoms. Such cups are usually presented to subjects who have 
met with his favor by the Emperor of Abyssinia. 

Diameter, 33 inches; height, 34 inches. 

Pl. 20, fig. 3. Cat. No. 261844, U.S.N.M. 

Wooden cup.—Turned from hard yellow wood, polished; deco- 
rated with turning grooves which have been colored red and black 
and bands between the grooves relieved by small depressions. The 
foot has three perforations corresponding to similar perforations in 
the cover, designed for passage of the cords securing the parts together 
as well as forming a handle for carrying. Mr. Philip states that: 

It is used for preserving the national Abyssinian hairdressing and perfume, which 
is oil derived from rancid butter. 

Diameter, 34 inches; height, 5 inches. 


Pl. 20, fig. 4. Cat. No. 261873, U.S.N.M. 
PICTORIAL ART. 


Triptych—Folding triptych of wood covered with paper, the 
leaves closing into the frame on leather hinges like a Byzantine eikon. 
The central larger picture represents the Virgin and Child seated on 
a terraced throne, guarded at the upper right and left corners by the 
archangels Gabriel and Michael with drawn swords. On the upper 
left hand leaf is represented St. George mounted on a white horse 
slaying a dragon. On the opposite side stands Tekla Haimanout, 
patron saint of Abyssinia, a one-legged, winged man of patriarchal 
aspect. The lower figures represent groups, apparently of suppliants. 
The colorings are most vivid and crude, the backgrounds of yellow 
and the figures in purple, yellow, red, and green. The style of art 
is Byzantine. 

Length, 204 inches; width, 15 inches. 

Pl. 21. Cat. No. 261847, U.S.N.M. Z 

Religious painting —Executed in thick guache on coarse muslin. 
The colors are primitive red, blue, green, and yellow, the drawing 
and treatment archaic, suggesting Egyptian and Byzantine influences. 

The subject is the coronation of Mary; to the right the Father 
grasping the world, to the left the Son carrying the cross, each 


nc. 1819. THE PHILIP ABYSSINIAN COLLECTION—HOUGH. 271 


erasping and placing the crown, above which the Spirit in form of a 
dove rests, and back of which is represented the sun’s rays. Below, 
two figures holding rosaries prostrate themselves and at the sides 
are Abyssinian worshippers, whose faces might have been drawn on 
an ancient Egyptian papyrus or mummy case. 

The representation of the Father as an old man and the Son as a 
young man has the same naive element as is shown in Velasquez’s 
painting of the same subject in the Madrid gallery. 

The painting is singularly rich in color and decorative quality. The 
modeling is in sanguine, the outlines in very dark, rather heavy lines, 
the treatment of the neck and hands is formal like Assyrian, the result 
of ignorance of anatomy. The halo is circular and is molded like a 
picture frame and it appears to be solid, as it obscures one arm of the 
cross. The textiles are decorated with sporadic patterns; the lining 
of the Virgin’s robe and the borders are in set patterns in squares 
which cover the surface. The worshippers are clad in lined fabrics 
like the Mandingan cloths. The crown is turban shape set with red 
and blue stones and terminated with a floreated Greek cross. 

Length, 49 inches; width, 42 inches. 

Pl. 22. Cat. No. 261846, U.S.N.M. 

Painted scroll.—Representing on the right the Biblical story of the 
rich man and Lazarus, and on the left the stages in the life of a holy 
man. The groundwork represents a cross and in the circular field at 
the top of the cross are the three evangelists depicted in the cabalistic 
design called ‘‘The Seal of Solomon” within a circle. The painting 
is in crude colors and the execution is somewhat better than usual. 

Length, 20 inches; width, 15 inches. 

Pl. 23. Cat. No. 261886, U.S.N.M. 

Painting.—In guache on thick paper, crudely drawn and painted 
in strong blues and reds on a chrome yellow ground. The subject is 
Menelek and his queen receiving the benediction and protection of 
heavenly beings, two of whom hold red umbrellas over the heads of 
the royal pair. In the upper left hand corner is St. George on a white 
horse. 

Length, 22 inches; width, 21 inches. 

Pl. 24. Cat. No. 261885, U.S.N.M. 

Scroll painting.—The medium employed is oil upon muslin sized 
with lime. The background, as is usual with Abyssinian paintings, 
is in brilliant yellow. The picture is arranged in three horizontal 
bands and represents the Abyssinian and Italian troops at the battle 
of Adowa (1896). On the upper left hand side are represented Mene- 
lek on a white palfrey surrounded by his bodyguard. Below him are 
Queen Taitu, the priests and Abyssinian troops, and opposite them 
the Italian army. The Abyssinians are represented full face and 
the Italians are drawn in profile. The painting, though crude, 


272 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 


shows considerable skill in representing action and forms an inter- 
esting study of the costumes of the Abyssinian dignitaries and the 
army. 

Length, 57 inches; width, 35 inches. 

Pl. 25. Cat. No. 261845, U.S.N.M. 

Picture on brass.—Somewhat irregular sheet of brass upon which 
is a representation of Tekla Haimanout, a saint who wears a curious 
headdress with crossed wings, has wings on his shoulders and but 
one leg. The outlines have been cut with a chisel and the figures 
thrown into the slight relief by hammering. 

Length, 4? inches; width, 4 inches. 

Pl. 26, fig. 1. Cat. No. 261861, U.S.N.M. 

Picture on brass.—Representing a saint with a long beard and 
guarded by two lions. Upon his shoulder is a large bird like a 
raven, which appears to be pecking out his eye. The background 
is filled in with small crosses. The work has been done with a 
chisel-edge punch. 

Length, 43 inches; width, 44 inches. 

Pl. 26, fig. 2. Cat. No. 261862, U.S.N.M. 

Picture on brass.—Representation of the Virgin and Child with the 
celestial guardians Michael and Gabriel. The work is extremely 
crude and has been accomplished with a chisel and figured punch, 
These brass plates bring to mind the Russian eikons. The work is 
said to be ancient. 

Length, 54 inches; width, 4? inches. 

Pl. 26, fig. 3. Cat. No. 261863, U.S.N.M. 


WRITING. 


Theological treatise on parchment in Amharic script.—The writing 
is in black and red ink and well executed. The inside of the cover 
and fly leaves are painted, the pictures being of the Virgin and Child, 
St. George and the Dragon and other saints. The backs are of 
wood covered with cotton cloth, to which is attached a band for 
withdrawing the book from the double leather case in which it is car- 
ried by priests and others. 

Keane says that the liturgical language of the Abyssinian church 
is Gheez, a pure Himyaritic idiom, the most archaic member of the 
Semitic family, not excepting the Assyrian of the cuneiform writings. 
It is the vernacular of the kingdom of Tigre, but it also enters largely 
into the constitution of the Amharic (Amharna) current in the rest of 
Abyssinia proper, at least among the governing classes.1 

Case: Length, 5? inches; width, 4 inches. 

Page of book: Length 4% inches; width, 3 inches. 

Pl. 27. Cat. No. 261864, U.S.N.M. 


1 Stanford’s Compendium, Africa, vol. 1, p. 448, 1895, 


No. 1819. THE PHILIP ABYSSINIAN COLLECTION—HOUGH. 2713 


COSTUME. 


Mantle.—Of tanned goatskin, slashed on the sleeve and skirt and 
ornamented on the outside with leather appliqué. It is made of a 
single skin folded on itself, the sleeve-like appendage and a portion 
of the fringe being sewn to the upper and lower edges respectively. 
Suspended from one edge of the mantle is a small bamboo bottle, 
apparently for holding oil. This garment is worn by the Arusi Galla 
people living in the mountain districts of Abyssinia. 

Length, 414 inches. 

Pl. 28, fig. 1. Cat. No. 261877, U.S.N.M. 

Lion's mane headdress.—Strip of skin from lion’s mane bound in 
red and green silk and edged with a band of copper gilt chain such 
as is used on European helmets and military headdress. The ends 
of the silk binding hang down at the rear of the headband. ‘This 
headdress is worn by high officers of the Abyssinian army. 

Length, 18 inches. 

Pl. 28; fig. 2. Cat. No. 261875, U.S.N.M. 


ORNAMENTS. 


Necklet—Consisting of a rod of brass looped at the ends and cov- 
ered with a fine winding of brass wire, which has worn smooth. 
Southwestern Abyssinia. 

Diameter, 44 inches. 

Pl. 29, fig. 1. Cat. No. 261852, U.S.N.M. 

Armilets—Sections cut from elephant tusk polished and beauti- 
fully stained by long use. These armlets were worn by south 
Abyssinian elephant hunters. 

Diameter, 34 inches to 4% inches. 

Pl. 29, figs. 2, 3, and 5. Cat. No. 261874, U.S.N.M. 

Anklet —Of hammered brass beaten into a concave and strength- 
ened with a middle rib, which is a feature of so much African metal 
work. The exterior is decorated with chiseled designs of simple 
pattern, but very effective. Worn by the Shangalla (Shankilla) 
negroes of the western slopes of the Abyssinian plateau. 

Diameter, 34 inches; width, 1 inch. 

Pl. 29, fig. 4. Cat. No. 261851, U.S.N.M. 

Earring.—Consisting of a circlet of ivory to which is attached by 
perforation in the ivory a locking circlet of brass rod wound with 
brass wire. Worn by the elephant-hunters of the southwestern 
Abyssinian province. Since this object weighs 8 ounces, it no doubt 
stretches the lobe of the ear greatly. 

Diameter of ivory, 4% inches. 

Pl. 29, fig. 6. Cat. No. 261853, U.S.N.M. 

80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——18 


274 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. You. 40, 


RELIGION. 

Mask.—Formed of clay mixed with fiber. The front represents a 
human face of not unpleasing appearance and having both lip and 
chin whiskers of black goat hair. The back of the mask bears in 
relief a strange animal figure (lizard?) whose body forms a handle by 
which the mask is suspended from a leather strap. This mask, as 
stated by the collector, was said to have been worshiped by the Gallas 
of Abyssinia. ‘The Gallas are not of a Semitic origin, as are the 
Abyssinians proper, nor are they Christians. They worship trees in 
many parts of the country and they also reverence various objects to 
which they make sacrifices. The specimen was the only one seen in 
Abyssinia, and its proper use and authenticity can not be vouched 
for.’’—(Information given by Mr. Philip.) 

Length, 6? inches; width, 5 inches. 

Pl. 30, fig. 1. Cat. No. 261887, U.S.N.M. 

UTENSILS. 

Spoon.—Cut from cow’s horn; the bowl slightly shallow and spatu- 
late. The end of the handle is ornamented with roundels. ‘‘Eating 
utensils of any kind, with the exception of the knife, are very rare 
among all inhabitants of Abyssinia and are practically unknown to 
the great mass of the population. Raw meat is the most favored 
article of food among the Abyssinians.”’ The-specimen is from the 
Gallas.—(Information given by Mr. Philip.) 

Length, 84 inches. 

Pl. 30, fig. 2. Cat. No. 261854, U.S.N.M. 

Headrest.—Carved from a single piece of yellow wood. The deco- 
ration consists of scores cut into the surface, forming simple pat- 
tern. Previous to cutting the pattern the wood was blackened. 
On top and bottom the pillow is painted dark brown. Used by 
south Abyssinian natives. 

Width, 7 inches; height, 6? inches. 

Pl. 30, fig. 3. Cat. No. 261855, U.S.N.M. 

ZOOTECHNY. 

Lasso.—Of giraffe hide thong 1 inch wide, the throwing end consist- 
ing of two back and forward turns of the leather lashed just above the 
running loop. The inner member of these thongs slides like a slip 
noose through a slit cut in the end of the leather thong. The lasso 
appears to be for the capture of large and dangerous animals and is 
ingeniously designed to allow the quarry when caught by the foot or 
neck to pull and tear at the extra bands, each motion drawing the 
sliding noose tighter. Used by the Boranna, Abyssinian Gallo- 
Hamites, who inhabit the Boranna province adjoining British Somali- 
land (southeast Abyssinia). 

Length, 22 feet. 

Pl. 31. Cat. No. 261878, U.S.N.M, 


no. 1819. THE PHILIP ABYSSINIAN COLLECTION—HOUGH. 215 


Horse bell—Worked from a strip or bar of iron, the method pursued 
being to beat out the metal into broad wings, leaving only a short por- 
tion of the bar at the middle in its original size. The two wings are 
then bent together until nearly in contact and curved over, forming 
a conical shell. Around the loop of the bell passes a heavily braided 
neck yoke of leather ornamented with spirals of iron wire wound 
around divided portions of the braiding. The clapper is a rod of 
iron fastened by a ring to the leather yoke. The bell is remarkably 
loud and sonorous. ‘‘It is made and used by Shangalla Abyssinians, 
and is important to some tribesmen in case of war and as an ordinary 
cattle bell to keep off wild animals.’’—(Information given by Mr. 
Philip.) This form of bell is widespread in Africa. 

“‘Shangalla (Shankilla) are negroes who live along all the western 
slopes of the Abyssinian plateau above the plains of Senaar.’’! 

Diameter, 44 inches; height, 5 inches. 

Pl. 32. Cat. No. 261876, U.S.N.M. 


COINAGE. 


The coinage of Abyssinia is based on the Austrian thaler of Maria 
Theresa, a large number of which, bearing the date of 1780, having 
been sent out as trade money and passing current in Abyssinia, be- 
came the model for the issues of Menelek. 

The coins collected by Mr. Philip consist of: 

One Maria Theresa thaler, 1780; diameter, 40.5mm. (Fig. 6.) 

One Menelek thaler, silver. (Fig. 3.) 

Obverse: Portrait head of Menelek, crowned. Inscription, ‘‘Mene- 
lek II, King of Ethiopia.” 

Reverse: Crowned lion carrying cross standard with pennants. 
Inscription: ‘‘The Lion of Judah Conquered.” (Apocalypse. 5.) 
On the edge is an inscription of which the word ‘‘Habesh,’’ mean- 
ing Abyssinia or Ethiopia can be made out. Date, 1875. Diameter, 
39.5mm. Thecoinis 1 mm. less in diameter than the Maria Theresa 
thaler, but, being slightly thicker, weighs the same. The series 
appears to have been coined in England. 

One-half Menelek thaler, silver. This coin is uniform with the 
thaler in design and inscription. Date, 1889. Diameter, 30.5 mm. 
Milled edge. (Fig. 1.) 

One-fourth Menelek thaler, silver. Date,1889. Diameter, 2.55mm. 
Milled edge. (Fig. 4.) 

' One-twentieth Menelek thaler. Date, 1871. Diameter, 16.0 mm. 
Milled edge. (Fig. 5.) 

One one-hundredth Menelek thaler, brass. 

Obverse: Portrait head of Menelek with same inscription as on 
the thaler. Beneath the head, in very small letters, is ‘‘ Lagrange.” 


1 Keane, Stanford’s Compendium, Africa, Vol. 1, p. 484, 1895. 


276 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Reverse: Around border is the same inscription as on the thaler. 
On central disk, ‘‘Yaber Matowan,”’ below which are mint marks 
consisting of a rose (%), the letter ‘‘A,” and a torch. Date, 1889. 
Diameter, 25.0 mm. (Fig. 2.) 

The inscriptions were translated by Dr. I. M. Casanowicz, of the 
U.S. National Museum. 

Mr. Philip also collected a ring of Abyssinian gold (diameter, 25.0 
mm., pl. 32, fig. 7) such as were used in Abyssinia and on the east 
coast of Africa and which are said to have been a form of money of the 
Fourth Egyptian Dynasty, but to the best of my knowledge no speci- 
mens have been found by investigators in the remains of the culture 
of ancient Egypt. 

(Pls. 33, 34, Cat. No. 261889, U.S.N.M.) 


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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 15 


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FOR REFERENCE TO PLATE SEE PAGE 267. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 16 


NECKLACES OF CHARM Boxes. 


FOR REFERENCE TO PLATE SEE PAGE 268. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 


ORNAMENTED CROSSES. 


FOR REFERENCE TO PLATE SEE PAGE 268. 


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TWEEZER CASE, SCABBARD MOUNTS, AND CRUTCH ORNAMENTS. 


FOR REFERENCE TO PLATE SEE PAGE 269. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 20 


SILVER, HORN, AND WOOD VESSELS. 


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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 26 


RELIGIOUS PICTURES ON BRASS. 


For REFERENCE TO PLATE SEE PAGE 272. 


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FOR REFERENCE TO PLATE SEE PAGE 273. 


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NEW SPECIES OF SHELLS FROM BERMUDA. 


By Wiriram Hearery Dari and Paut Bartscn, 
Of the Division of Mollusks, U. S. National Museum. 


The senior author recently received from Mr. Arthur Haycock, of 
Bailey’s Bay, Bermuda, a request to identify some undetermined 
species belonging to a series of Bermuda shells which Mr. Haycock is 
preparing as a donation to the museum at Hamilton, Bermuda. ° 

On examination several of the species proved to be new and, with 
Mr. Haycock’s permission, are described in the following paper. Quite 
a number are now first recorded from the islands, though previously 
known from the American mainland. One species, Cantharus mas- 
sena Risso, which is positively identified, is now for the first time 
reported from the western Atlantic, being previously known only 
from the Mediterranean. This distribution is parallel with that of 
another small species of Cantharus, C. orbignyt Payraudeau, which is 
represented in the U.S. National Museum by specimens from Texas, 
Yucatan, and the West Indies, though originally described from 
Corsica. 

The Columbella somersiana described in this paper is the largest 
species of the group of C. mercatoria to which it belongs; and it is 
much to be desired that full-grown specimens of this species may be 
obtained. 

There are doubtless numerous other small species at Bermuda still 
to be obtained which have not yet been recorded, and it is to be hoped 
that Mr. Haycock’s success in adding to the known fauna may stimu- 
late others to continue exploration in the same line. 


MITRA HAYCOCKI, new species. 
Plate 35, fig. 7. 
Shell small, stout, short-fusiform, white, flecked or clouded on the 
prominences of the sculpture with pale yellow-brown; whorls about 


five, nucleus white, blunt, polished; later whorls with, between the 
sutures, four subequal spiral nodulous cords with deep narrower inter- 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1820. O77 


278 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSRUM. vou. 40. 


spaces, the cord in front of the suture slightly more prominent than 
the others; on the last whorl there are about fifteen spiral cords which 
are crossed by about twenty axial, incised, equally spaced lines, the 
segments of the cords thus formed being convexly nodulous; toward 
the aperture the axial lines become feebler or obsolete ; aperture short 
and rather narrow with about six spiral lirations inside the outer lip 
which is simple and not reflected and hardly thickened; on the pillar 
are two strong plaits, rather deep within the aperture; the canal is 
short and not very deep, with hardly any siphonal fasciole. Length 
of shell, 4.7; of last whorl, 3.5; of aperture, 2.5; maximum diameter 
of shell, 2.5 mm. 

Cotypes.—In the Bermuda and U.S. National Museums, Cat. No. 
221617. 

Named for Mr. Arthur Haycock. 


COLUMBELLA SOMERSIANA, new species. 
Plate 35, fig. 2. 


Shell of the general type of C. mercatoria Linneus but larger and 
differently sculptured. Color translucent white with spiral lines 
articulated with opaque white and reddish brown, and with radiating 
brown flammules above the shoulder of the whorl, all covered by a 
very thin, smooth, yellowish, dehiscent periostracum. Whorls about 
seven, nucleus worn, the whorls between the rather deep sutures 
convex and on the upper part of the spire obscurely nodulous; last 
whorl with a rounded shoulder, with on the whorl in front of the 
shoulder about a dozen articulated lines of color, slightly elevated, 
separated by interspaces about twice as wide as the color lines; the 
surface of the whorl is sculptured axially by rather widely spaced 
incised lines visible only under a lens; the type being immature, the 
thickening of the lips about the aperture can not be described; the 
siphonal fasciole is distinct, with two obscure folds in the interior of 
the shell. Length of shell, 24; of last whorl, 19; of aperture, 17; 
maximum diameter, 14.6 mm. 

Type.—In Bermuda Museum. 

Ordinarily I should be unwilling to describe a species from a single 
immature specimen, but in the present case the large size, charac- 
teristic sculpture, and absence of any species nearer than C. merca- 
toria with which it could be prudently united, lead me to believe that. 
it is best to put it on record. 


ACLIS BERMUDENSIS, new species. 
Plate 35, fig. 5. 


Shell minute, elongate-conic, white, subdiaphanous. Nucleus com- 
posed of a single turn which is well rounded and smooth. Post- 
nuclear whorls strongly shouldered on the early turns, the shoulder 


no. 1820. NEW SHELLS FROM BERMUDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 279 


forming a prominent carina at the anterior termination of the pos- 
terior two-fifths of the space between the sutures. The surface of 
the shell between the anterior suture and the shoulder is marked by 
six equal and equally-spaced very slender spiral threads, while the 
space between the shoulder and the summit is smooth. Beginning 
with the fifth whorl the shoulder becomes less apparent and finally 
loses its angulation altogether. The posterior two-fifths between the 
sutures, however, remains smooth, while the anterior three-fifths 
retains the six raised threads. Entire surface of the shell marked by 
exceedingly fine incremental lines. Sutures strongly constricted. 
Periphery of the last whorl feebly angulated. Base short, moder- 
ately rounded. Aperture subquadrate, somewhat effuse anteriorly ; 
posterior angle obtuse; outer lip very thin, showing the external 
markings within; columella almost straight and slightly revolute. 

The type has seven post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length, 
2.1 mm.; diameter, 0.6 mm. It was collected in Bermuda and isin 
the Bermuda Museum. The minute sculpture is not indicated on 
the figure. 


TURBONILLA (CARELIOPSIS) BERMUDENSIS, new species. 


Plate 35, fig. 4. 


Shell very small, exceedingly slender, very elongate-conic, white. 
Nuclear whorls about one and one-half, planorboid, well rounded, 
having their axes at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, upon 
the first of which they rest without being immersed. Post-nuclear 
whorls high between the sutures, feebly shouldered at the summit, 
well rounded, marked by exceedingly fine incremental lines and about 
19 somewhat sinuous, slender, depressed, rounded, spiral threads, 
which are a little wider than the incised lines that separate them. 
Sutures strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well 
rounded. Base rather long, well rounded, marked like the spire. 
Aperture elongate-oval; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, show- 
ing the external sculpture within. Inner lip slightly curved and 
slightly reflected over the base. 

Three specimens of this species (Cat. No. 221614, U.S.N.M.) were 
collected by Mr. Haycock in Bermuda. The type has six post-nuclear 
whorls and measures: Length 2 mm., diameter 0.4mm. This is the 
second species of Careliopsis known from the Atlantic coast of America. 
The first, Turbonilla (Careliopsis) styliformis Mérch, was described by 
Morch! from material collected by A. H. Riis at St. Thomas, West 
Indies, the measurements of which are more than double the dimen- 
sions of the present form. 


1Malakozoologische Blatter, 1874, p. 168. 


280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


TURBONILLA (STRIOTURBONILLA) PEILEI, new species. 
Plate 35, figs. 9 and 9a. 


Shell elongate-conic, light waxen yellow. Nuclear whorls small, 
forming a depressed helicoid spire, whose axis is at right angles to that 
of the succeeding turns, and in the first of which they are about one- 
third immersed. Nuclear whorls two and one-half. Post-nuclear 
whorls feebly shouldered at the summit, marked by somewhat flex- 
uous, well-developed, regular, axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the 
first and second, 16 upon the third, 20 upon the fourth, 22 upon the 
fifth, 24 upon the sixth to eighth, 26 upon the ninth, 28 upon the 
tenth and the penultimate turn. Intercostal spaces about twice as 
wide as the ribs, well impressed, the depressed portion terminating in 
a deep pit at the periphery. A second series of pits occurs at the 
anterior termination of the posterior two-fifths of the space between 
the sutures. In addition to these two series of pits, the intercostal 
spaces are marked by fine, very regular, and regularly spaced, incised 
spiral lines, which are about half as wide as the flattened spaces 
between them. Of these lines, twenty occur between the two series 
of pits, while the space between the median series of pits and the 
summit is marked by fourteen. Periphery of the last whorl slightly 
angulated. Base moderately long, well rounded, crossed by the 
feeble continuations of the axial ribs which disappear before reaching 
the middle of the base, and about twenty irregular and irregularly 
spaced, sinuous, incised, spiral lines. Aperture somewhat effuse ante- 
riorly posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing external sculp- 
ture within; columella oblique, slightly revolute. 

Two specimens of this species were sent by Mr. Haycock from Ber- 
muda. These may be considered cotypes. One of these (Cat. No. 
221610, U.S.N.M.) has twelve post-nuclear whorls and measures: 
Length 6 mm., diameter 1.3 mm. The other is in the Bermuda 
Museum. 

The species is named, at the request of Mr. Haycock, for Major 
Peile, Royal Artillery, of Bermuda, in recognition of kindly assistance 
rendered by him. 


TURBONILLA (STRIOTURBONILLA) HAYCOCKI, new species. 


Plate 35, fies. 6 and 6a. 


Shell elongate-conic, white. Nuclear whorls two, forming a 
depressed, helicoid spire, the axis of which is at right angles to that 
of the succeeding turns, scarcely at all immersed, with the tilted 
edge projecting slightly beyond the post-nuclear spire on the left 
side. Post-nuclear whorls almost flattened, slightly shouldered at 
the summit, marked with strong, well rounded, slightly protractive, 
axial ribs, of which 12 occur upon the first, 14 upon the second, 16 


no. 1820. NEW SHELLS FROM BERMUDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 281 


upon the third and fourth, 18 upon the fifth, 20 upon the sixth, 22 
upon the seventh to tenth, 24 upon the eleventh and the penultimate 
turn. Intercostal spaces about twice as wide as the ribs, well 
impressed, evenly concave, marked with two series of strongly 
impressed pits, of which one forms the anterior termination of the 
impressed intercostal spaces, while the other is a little posterior to 
the middle between the sutures. The remaining portions of the inter- 
costal spaces are crossed by numerous, very fine, regular and regularly 
spaced, incised spiral lines, that leave the spaces between them as 
raised flattened spiral threads which are about twice as wide as the 
incised lines. Of these incised lines, twenty-six occur between the 
two pits on the last turn and twenty-five between the median series of 
pits and the summit of the whorls. Sutures moderately strongly 
impressed. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base short, 
well rounded, marked by incremental lines and thirty-three somewhat 
wavy, slightly irregularly spaced, fine, incised, spiral lines. Aperture 
subquadrate; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, showing the exter- 
nal markings within; columella almost straight and slightly revolute. 

Four specimens, cotypes, of this species were dredged at Bermuda. 
One of these consists of the nucleus and five post-nuclear whorls, and 
has furnished the description of the nucleus. Another has lost the 
nuclear whorls and has twelve and one-half post-nuclear whorls 
remaining; this measures: Length 7 mm., diameter 1.8 mm. 

Two of these are in the Bermuda Museum and two in the U. S. 
National Museum, where they are entered as Cat. No. 221611. 

This species and the following are related to Turbonilla (Siriotur- 
bonilla) puncta C.D. Adams. Both differ from the latter in being 
uniformly larger and also in details of sculpture. 

Named for Mr. Arthur Haycock. 


CERITHIOPSIS MOVILLA, new species. 


Plate 35, fig. 11. 


Shell elongate-conic, brown, the tubercles a little lighter than the 
ground color. Nuclear whorls two, well rounded, smooth. Post- 
nuclear whorls well rounded, marked with three spiral cords, of 
~ which the first is at the summit, the third somewhat above the suture, 
while the second is half way between the two. The spaces between 
these spiral cords are a little wider than the cords. In addition to 
the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by somewhat retractive, well 
rounded, axial ribs, which are a little less strong than the spiral cords. 
Of these ribs, 14 occur upon the first, 16 upon the second and third, 
18 upon the fourth, 20 upon the fifth, 22 upon the sixth, and 24 upon 
the penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral 
cords form well developed small tubercles, of which those on the 
first spiral cord are well rounded, those on the median are slightly 


282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


truncated posteriorly, rounded abruptly anteriorly, while those on 
the third cord are decidedly truncated posteriorly, sloping gently 
anteriorly. The spaces inclosed between the axial ribs and spiral 
cords form well impressed, squarish pits. In addition to the above 
sculpture the entire surface of the spire is crossed by exceedingly fine 
incremental lines and spiral striations. Sutures strongly constricted. 
Periphery of the last whorl marked by a well developed spiral cord, 
which is separated from the first suprasutural cord by a space a little 
wider than that separating the suprasutural from the median cord. 
The axial ribs continue to and over the peripheral cord and render it 
feebly tuberculated. Base somewhat concave, marked with a single 
low broad cord at the insertion of the columella, the space between 
which and the peripheral cord appears as a broad, concave sulcus; the 
space limiting the basal cord anteriorly is a feebly impressed groove. 
Entire surface of the base marked by fine, incremental lines and 
exceedingly fine, spiral striations. Aperture subquadrate, effuse at 
the junction of the outer and basal lip, decidedly channeled anteriorly ; 
posterior angle obtuse; inner lip slightly curved and reflected over 
the base; parietal wall covered with a thick callus. 

The type has eight post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 3.8 
mm., diameter 1.6 mm. It and another specimen (Cat. No. 221613, 
U.S.N.M.) were collected by Mr. Haycock at Bermuda. 


CERITHIOPSIS ARA, new species. 
Plate 35, fig. 1. 


Shell small, ovoid, dark brown, except the white band which 
extends over the posterior row of tubercles on the last three whorls. 
(Nuclear whorls decollated.) Post-nuclear whorls increasing very 
rapidly in size in the first three whorls, after that almost cylindric, 
then again somewhat contracted on the last volution. The whorls 
are marked with two spiral rows of cords, of which the first, which 
is almost double the width of the other, is at the summit, while the 
second is immediately above the suture. The space separating the 
two is almost equal in width to the anterior row of tubercles. In 
addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked with axial ribs, 
of which 14 occur upon the first and second, 16 upon the third, 18 
upon the fourth, and 20 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions 
of the axial ribs and spiral cords form strong tubercles, those on the 
posterior cord being elongate-oval, having their long axes coinciding 
with the axial ribs, while those on the anterior spiral cord are much 
smaller and truncated posteriorly, sloping gently anteriorly. The 
spaces inclosed between the axial ribs and spiral cords are well 
impressed oval pits. Sutures small, scarcely differentiated from the 
depressed sulcus of the spire. Periphery of the last whorl marked by 
a smooth spiral cord, which is separated from the suprasutural cord 


no. 1820. NEW SHELLS FROM BERMUDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 283 


by a sulcus as wide as that which separates the two spiral cords on 
the spire, and like that crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs, 
which extend to its posterior edge. Base moderately long, marked 
by a slender spiral thread at the insertion of the columella, the space 
between which and the peripheral cord appears as a broad, strongly 
impressed spiral groove. Anterior half of the base marked by exceed- 
ingly fine, incremental lines and spiral striations. Aperture irregular, 
subquadrate, very strongly channeled anteriorly and feebly so at the 
posterior angle, decidedly effuse at the junction of the outer and basal 
lip. Outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture and color mark- 
ings within; inner lip slightly curved, reflected over the base; parietal 
wall covered with a thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. 

Three specimens of this species (Cat. No. 221612, U.S.N.M.) were 
recgived from Mr. Haycock, collected at Bermuda. All are lacking 
the nucleus. The largest of these has six post-nuclear whorls and 
measures: Length 2.3 mm., diameter 1.2 mm. The smallest, which 
also has six post-nuclear whorls, measures: Length 2 mm., diameter 
1 mm. 

CERITHIOPSIS PESA, new species. 


Plate 35, fig. 10. 


Shell small, elongate-conic, banded as follows: Brown, excepting 
the median row of tubercles and the depressed spaces on either side 
of them, which are white. The dark tubercles on all the whorls are 
a little lighter than the main portion of that part of the shell. 
Nuclear whorls two and one-half, well rounded, smooth. Post-nuclear 
whorls well rounded, marked from the very beginning by three spiral 
cords, of which the first, which is at the summit, is a little weaker 
than the other two. The third is immediately above the periphery, 
while the second is a little nearer to the first than to the third. In 
addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked with almost verti- 
eal axial ribs, which are almost as strong as the spiral cords. Of 
these ribs, 16 occur upon the first to fourth, 18 upon the fifth, and 
20 upon the penultimate turn. The junction of the axial ribs and 
spiral cords form strong tubercles, of which those at the summit are 
the smallest and well rounded; those on the median cord and basal 
cord are truncated posteriorly, sloping gently anteriorly. The spaces 
inclosed between the axial ribs and spiral cords are well impressed 
squarish pits on the last whorls, while on the early whorls they are 
rectangular pits having their long axes parallel to the spiral sculpture. 
Sutures strongly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked by 
a strong spiral keel, which is separated from the first suprasutural 
keel by a groove almost as wide as that which separates the suprasu- 
tural keel from its neighbor. The axial ribs extend partly upon the 
peripheral keel and render it feebly tuberculous. Base somewhat 


284 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


irregular. A raised spiral cord of moderate strength marks the inser- 
tion of the columella; the space between this and the peripheral cord 
is a deep sulcus, which, like the rest of the base is crossed by fine 
incremental lines. The anterior half of the base, which is fairly 
rounded, is marked by six irregular wavy, fine, raised, spiral threads. 
Aperture irregularly rhomboid, very strongly channeled anteriorly, 
and feebly so at the posterior angle; outer lip moderately thick, 
showing the external sculpture and color markings within; inner lip 
reflected over the base; parietal wall covered with a thick callus which 
renders the peritreme complete. 

The type has seven post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 2.5 
mm., diameter 1 mm. It and two specimens form Cat. No. 221616, 
U.S.N.M. ; 


CERITHIOPSIS VICOLA, new species. 


Plate 35, fig. 12. 


Shell elongate-conic, white, with two bands of golden brown on each 
whorl. The first of these bands extends over the posterior row of 
tubercles, while the second covers the peripheral cord. Nuclear 
whorls two and one-half, well rounded, smooth. Post-nuclear 
whorls well rounded, marked from the very beginning with three 
strong spiral cords, which are about as wide as the spaces that 
separate them. The first of these cords, which is at the summit, is a 
trifle weaker than the rest; the third is at some little distance above 
the suture, while the second is half way between the two. In addi- 
tion to these cords, the whorls are marked by well developed vertical 
axial ribs, which are about as strong as the spiral cords. Of these 
ribs, 18 occur upon the first and second, 20 upon the third, 22 upon 
the remaining whorls. The junctions of the axial ribs and the spiral 
cords form well developed tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between 
them are well impressed, squarish pits. The tubercles are well 
rounded on the first and second cords, while those on the third are 
truncated posteriorly, sloping gently anteriorly. Sutures strongly 
impressed, showing a portion of the peripheral cord on the last three 
whorls. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a strong spiral cord, 
which is separated from the suprasutural cord by a space almost 
double the width of that which separates the suprasutural from the 
median cord. The axial ribs extend to the posterior edge of the 
suprasutural cord, but do not cross it. Base moderately long, some- 
what concave, marked by a low tumid area at the insertion of the 
columella, which somewhat suggests a very broad, low, weakly 
rounded cord. The entire surface of the base is marked with exceed- 
ingly fine spiral striations and incremental lines. Aperture very large, 
irregular, oval, decidedly effuse at the junction of the outer and basal 
lip, very strongly channeled anteriorly and slightly so at the posterior 


no. 1820. NHW SHHLLS FROM BERMUDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 85.” 


angle. Outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; inner 
lip strongly curved, reflected over the base; parietal wall glazed with 
a moderately thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. 

The unique type comes from Bermuda, and has seven post-nuclear _ 
whorls measuring: Length 2.9 mm., diameter 1 mm. It is in the 
collection of the Bermuda Museum. 


CERITHIOPSIS IO, new species. 


Plate 35, fig. 3. 


Shell elongate-ovate, white, with three bands of very dark brown. 
The first of these bands extends over the posterior row of tubercles 
on each whorl, the second covers the cord at the periphery, while 
the third extends over the anterior half of the base. Nuclear whorls 
decollated in the two specimens before us. Post-nuclear whorls 
marked with three spiral cords, of which the first is at the summit, 
the third at the suture, while the second is a little nearer to the first 
than to the third. In addition to these spiral cords, the whorls are 
marked with somewhat retractive axial ribs, which are about as strong 
as the spiral cords, the intersections of the two forming well developed 
tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are strongly im- 
pressed, rounded pits. The tubercles of the cord at the summit are 
well rounded; those of the median cord slope abruptly anteriorly 
and more gently posteriorly, while those of the third cord are trun- 
cated posteriorly, sloping gently anteriorly. Sutures strongly 
impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a spiral cord, 
which is less strong than those on the spire. Base moderately long, 
well rounded, the posterior half marked by the continuations of the 
axial ribs, which terminate somewhat abruptly at the insertion of the 
columella. These ribs render the peripheral spiral cord tuberculated, 
the tubercles being slightly truncated posteriorly, sloping gently 
anteriorly, where they disappear at the insertion of the columella. 
The insertion of the columella is marked by a moderately strongly 
impressed, spiral line. Anterior half of base marked by ten some- 
what irregular, raised, spiral threads, which are about as wide as the 
spaces that separate them, the entire space being marked with 
exceedingly fine, raised, axial threads. Aperture irregularly rhom- 
boid, decidedly channeled anteriorly, weakly channeled at the pos- 
terior angle; outer lip thick, showing the external sculpture and 
color markings within; inner lip reflected over the base; parietal 
wall covered with a thick callus which joins the columella and the 
posterior angle of the aperture and renders the peritreme complete. 

Two specimens of this species were sent by Mr. Haycock, which 
may be considered cotypes. One of these is in the Bermuda Museum, 
the other is Cat. No. 221615, U.S.N.M. One of these has six post- 
nuclear whorls and measures: Length 2.3 mm., diameter 1.1 mm. 


986 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


FISSURIDEA BERMUDENSIS, new species. 


Plate 35, fig. 8. 


Shell small, white, elevated, reticulately sculptured; apex a little 
- in advance of the middle of the shell, rather pointed; the anal aper- 
ture long-oval, the margins excavated in the middle, internally with 
a thickened margin, subtruncate behind; sculpture of radiating 
threads with wider deep interspaces, crossed between the apex and 
the base by about a dozen concentric lines, representing old margins, 
nodulating the radials and forming deep pits between the intersec- 
tions; interior of the shell white, the margin forming a regular oval, 
and often internally radially grooved in harmony with the external 
aes Length, 5; breadth, 3.5; height, 3 mm. 

. 5. National Museum 


ne No. 221618. 

This small species has been carefully compared with young speci- 
mens of the already known species with none of which could it, ap- 
parently, be prudently united. 


ODOSTOMIA (CHRYSALLIDA) NIOBA, new species. 


Shell broadly conic, milk-white. Nuclear whorls small, obliquely 
immersed in the first of the succeeding turns, above which only about 
half of the last volution projects. This is marked with three strong 
spiral threads which are almost as wide as the spaces that separate 
them. Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, marked with strong, 
slightly retractive ribs of las 16 occur upon the first, 18 upon the 
soe 20 upon the third, and 22 upon the penultimate au These 
ribs are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. In addition 
to the axial ribs, the whorls are marked with four spiral cords which 
are much wider than the spaces that separate them. The intersec- 
tions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form well rounded, low tuber- 
cles. Sutures strongly channeled. Periphery of the last whorl and 
base well rounded, marked with four equal and equally spaced spiral 
cords. Aperture oval, posterior angle acute, outer lip thin, showmg 
the external sculpture within; inner lip oblique and reflected partly 
over the base; parietal wall od with a thin callus. 

The type an six specimens of this species were collected by ve A. 
Haycock, at Bermuda. They form Cat. No. 223284, U.'S.N.M. The 
type has five post-nuclear whonls and measures: Leneth 2.6 mm., 
diameter 1.3 mm. 

The specimens of this and the next species arrived after the plate 
for this paper had been prepared. Hence, no figure of it is included 
in this report. 


no. 1820. NEW SHELLS FROM BERMUDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 287 


ISCHNOCHITON (STENOPLAX) BERMUDENSIS, new species. 


Animal narrow, elongate, with an evenly rounded back, prominent 
mucro, narrow yellowish girdle articulated with reddish blotches, the 
girdle scales very minute, imbricate, oval, radiately strongly striated; 
the surface of the girdle has a dusty look to the naked eye and required 
high magnification to bring out the characters. Color dark crimson, 
minutely and feebly mottled with small whitish blotches, interior dark 
crimson, except the sutural plates which are whitish; eaves solid, 
smooth; median plates with one lateral slit; anterior valve with 11, 
posterior with 7-8 slits; jugum wide; lateral areas rounded, passing 
without interruption into the median areas; anterior and posterior 
valves and lateral areas sharply concentrically grooved; the median 
areas appear smooth, but under high magnification are seen to be 
longitudinally sculptured with very narrow sharp grooves articulated 
by little partitions; the lateral portions of the valves are minutely 
granulose. The mucro is somewhat posterior to the center of the tail 
valve and rather prominent. Length 11 mm., width 4 mm. . 

This species belongs to the group of J. lumaciformis from which it 
differs by its minute sculpture, granulation, more prominent mucro, 
and inconspicuous lateral areas; apparently also in color, though this 
is quite variable in the limaciformis. The type is Cat. No. 223354. 


LIST OF SPECIES IDENTIFIED FROM BERMUDA. 


Haminea succinea Conrad, very young. 
Pleurobranchus, sp. ind. 

Mitra haycocki Dall and Bartsch. 

Mitra chelonia Reeve. ? (fragment). 

Mitra hanleyt Dohrn. 

Mitromorpha biplicata Dall, young. 

Cantharus massena Risso. 

Colubraria swiftti Tryon. 

Columbella somersiana Dall and Bartsch. 

Achis bermudensis Dall and Bartsch. 

Turbonilla (Careliopsis) bermudensis Dall and Bartsch. 
Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) peilet Dall and Bartsch. 
Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) haycocki Dall and Bartsch. 
Odostomia (Chrysallida) nioba Dall and Bartsch, 
Cymatium chlorostoma Lamarck. 

Cerithiopsis movilla Dall and Bartsch. 

Cerithiopsis ara Dall and Bartsch. 

Cerithiopsis pesa Dall and Bartsch. 

Cerithiopsis vicola Dall and Bartsch. 

Cerithiopsis 10 Dall and Bartsch. 

Alabina cerithidioides Dall. 

Alaba incerta Orbigny. 

Alaba tervaricosa ©. B. Adams. 

Rissoa caribaea Orbigny. 

Solarium krebsi Mérch, young. 

Crepidula convexa Say, young. 


288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Cyclostrema granulum Dall, var.? 
Vitrinella helicoides C. B. Adams. 
Fissuridea bermudensis Dall and Bartsch. 
Ischnochiton (Stenoplax) bermudensis Dall and Bartsch. 
Pododesmus rudis Broderip. 

Pecten ornatus Lamarck., very young. 
Melina lamarckiana Orbigny, very young. 
Crassinella parva C. B. Adams. 

Erycina linella Dall, young. 
Coralliophaga dactylus Bruguiére. 

Chione mazyckw Dall, young. 

Chione cancellata Linneeus. 

Macrocallista maculata Linneeus. 

Macoma mitchelli Dall. 

Ervilia subcancellata KE. A. Smith. 

Semele proficua Pulteney. 

Lyonsia beana Orbigny, young. 
Gastrochaena rostrata Spengler. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 35. 


The measurement given after each species represents the actual length of the 
specimen. 2 
- Fia. 1. Cerithiopsis ara; 2.3 mm.; p. 282. 
. Columbella somersiana; 24 mm.; p. 278. 
3. Cerithiopsis 10; 2.3 mm.; p. 285. 
4. Turbonilla (Careliopsis) bermudensis; 2 mm. The fine spiral sculpture has 
been omitted in our figure; p. 279. 
5. Aclis bermudensis; 2.1 mm.; p. 278. 
6. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) haycocki; 7 mm.; p. 280. 
6a. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) haycocki; detail of intercostal sculpture; p 280. 
7. Mitra haycocki; 4.7 mam.; p. 277. 
8. Fissuridea bermudensis,; 5.0 mm.; p. 286. 
9. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) peilei; 6 mm.; p. 280. 
9a. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) peilei; detail of intercostal sculpture; p. 280. 
10. Cerithiopsis pesa; 2.5 mm.; p. 283. 
11. Cerithiopsis movilla; 3.8 mm.; p. 281. 
12. Cerithiopsis vicola; 2.9 mm.; p. 284. 


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A REVISION OF SEVERAL GENERA OF GYMNOSPERMOUS 
PLANTS FROM THE POTOMAC GROUP IN MARYLAND 
AND VIRGINIA. 


By Epwarp W. Berry, 
Of the Johns Hopkins University, Baitimore. 


The present paper is the third of a series of revisions of the more 
important genera of fossil plants from the Potomac group in Mary- 
land and Virginia. The’ first dealt with the genus Nageiopsis and 
formed No. 1738 of Volume 38! of the Proceedings. The second 
treated the genera Acrostichopteris, Taeniopteris, Nilsonia, and Sap- 
indopsis and constituted No. 1769 of the same Volume 38.? 

The present contribution is devoted to a consideration of the genera 
Sphenolepis, Arthrotaxopsis, Cephalotaxopsis, Widdringtonites, Brachy- 
phyllum, Sequoia, Abietites, and Pinus. These are all gymnosper- 
mous genera, some of which are of disputed botanical affinity. The 
majority offer exceptional difficulties to their correct interpretation 
by reason of the convergence in foliar characters of the Mesozoic 
Coniferales. This is more marked than in the existing species 
because of the greater number of species in the Mesozoic, a period 
which has more than once been termed the “ Era of Gymnosperms.”’ 

The genera Arthrotaxopsis and Cephalotaxopsis were originally 
described from the Potomac group. All of the other genera, how- 
ever, are well known and for the most part widespread Mesozoic 
types, two, Sequoia and Pinus, surviving to the present time. 

In the previous treatment of these types in the area under dis- 
cussion there existed the utmost confusion and it has been necessary 
to check each cited occurrence by referring back to the original 
material in the U. S. National Museum collections. This has 
resulted in a most intricate splitting and combining of the named 
forms or parts of the named forms as they occurred in the literature, 
some idea of the extent and labor of which can be imagined from the 
following synonymy. 

Forty-three species and three varieties which were formerly recog- 
nized are here replaced by 18 species. Instead of 9 species and 1 variety 
of Sequoia four are retained; 6 species and 1 variety of Sphenolepidium 


1 Pp. 185-195. 2 Pp. 625-644. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1821. 
80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40-—11——19 289 


290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


are represented by 2 species of Sphenolepis; five species and one 
variety of Glyptostrobus disappear altogether as does also a species of 
Williamsonia and one of Araucarites. 

While the lack of certainty pertaining to the correct recognition 
of coniferous foliage as ordinarily preserved in the fossil state is 
fully recognized it is believed that the previous segregation of these 
Potomac forms was entirely unwarranted and that the present concep- 
tion instead of being ultra-conservative as might be deduced from 
the synonymy still leans in the direction of recognizing too many 
species However, it approximates at least the actual status of these 
genera in this area during the Lower Cretaceous. 


THE GENUS SPHENOLEPIS. 


The genus Sphenolepis was proposed by Schenk in 1871.‘ In 
1881 Heer proposed the generic name Sphenolepidium as a substitute 
for Sphenolepis on the ground that the latter had been previously 
used in the animal kingdom. In his treatment of these plants in 
Zittel’s Handbuch Schenk adopts Heer’s generic name. which had 
meanwhile come into general use. As, however, all modern nomen- 
clatorial codes both botanical and zoological do not regard the use 
of a name in one kingdom as prohibiting its use in the other, Schenk’s 
original name must stand. ; 

Sphenolepis may be defined as-follows: Branches and twigs alter- 
nate. Phyllotaxy spiral. Leaves decurrent, more or less imbricated, 
acute, more or less appressed, especially on the older branches. Cones 
small, oblong or spherical, borne on short lateral branches. Cone- 
scales persistent, leathery, somewhat divergent at maturity, in 
habit suggesting Sequoia. The number and position of the-seeds is 
altogether uncertain. 

Although Solms-Laubach considers? that these forms can. not 
be precisely located in any of the existing subfamilies of conifers 
most authors refer them to the Taxodiew comparing them with the 
existing species of Sequoia and Arthrotaxis, especially the latter, with 
which as regards the cones, the leaf form and arrangement, and the 
general habit there is the closest similarity, amounting almost to an 
actual demonstration of relationship. 

The genus appears in beds of Rheetic age both in Europe and South 
America. In North America one species has been recorded from 
the Oregon Jurassic, and Saporta has described a species from the 
Upper Jurassic of Portugal. Species of this genus are widespread 
and characteristic of the Wealden and Lower Cretaceous and con- 
stitute a very abundant element in the flora of the Potomac group, 
where they are represented by remains of both foliage and cones. 
As has been frequently pointed out, the genus may be composite. 


1 Schenk, Palaeontographica, vol. 19, 1871, p. 243. 2 Solms-Laubach, Fossil Botany, 1891, p. 71. 


No. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 291 


SPHENOLEPIS KURRIANA (Dunker) Schenk. ! 


Thuites (Cupressites?) kurrianus Dunxker, Monogr. Norddeutsch. Weald.—bild.. 
1846, p. 20, pl. 7, fig. 8. 


? Thuites germart DuNKER, Monogr. Norddeutsch. Weald.—bild., 1846, p. 19, pl. 9, 
fig. 10. 


Widdringtonites kurrianus ENpDLICHER, Synop., 1847, p. 272.—G6preERtT, Foss. 
Conif., 1850, p. 176. 

Brachyphyllum kurrianum Bronentart, Tableau, 1849, p. 107. 

Brachyphyllum germari Bronantart, Tableau, 1849, p. 107. 

Widdringtonites haidingert ErtINGSHAUSEN Abhandl. k. k. geol. Reichs., vol. 1, 
1851, p. 26, pl. 2, fig. 1. 

Araucarites dunkeri EvrvtINnGSHAUSEN (part) Abhandl. k. k. geol. Reichs., vol. 1, 
p- 27, pl. 2, figs. 2-10. : 
Sphenolepis kurriana ScHENK, Palaeont., vol. 19, 1871, p. 243, pl. 37, figs. 5-8; 
pl. 38, fig. 1 (not fig. 2, which is an Onychiopsis)—Scuimrrr, Pal. Végét., 
Atlas, 1874, pl. 110, fig. 26——Hosrus and v. d. Marck, Palaeont., vol. 26, 

1885, p. 216, pl. 44, fig. 209. 

Sphenolepidium kurrianum Weer, Contrib. Flora foss. Port., 1881, p. 19, pl. 12, 

; fig. 1b; pl. 13, figs. 1b, 8b; pl. 18, figs. 1-8.—ScuHENxK in Zittel, Handbuch, 
1884, p. 304, fig. 210—Fonratne, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv.,-vol. 15, 1890, 
p. 260, pl. 126, figs. 1, 5, 6; pl. 128, figs. 1, 7; pl. 129, figs. 1, 4, 6, 8; pl. 130, 
fig. 11; pl. 131, fig. 4; pl. 167, fig. 2—Saporra, Flora foss. Port., 1894, pp. 
115, 139, pl. 22, figs. 3-5; pl. 27, fig. 15—Smwarp, Wealden Flora, Pt. 2, 
1895, p. 200, pl. 17, figs. 7, 8; pl. 18, fig. 1—Fonrarne, in Ward, 19th Ann. 
Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv., pt. 2, 1899, p. 681, pl. 166, figs. 12, 13—KzErRNER, 
Jahrb. k. k. geol. Reichs., vol. 45, Heft 1, 1896, p. 51, pl.4, fig. 2—FonTaIneE, 
in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 484, 489, 519, 538, 543. 

Sphenolepidium parceramosum Fontaine, Monogr. U. 8S. Geol. Surv,, vol. 15, 
1890, p. 257, pl. 129, fig. 7; pl. 130, fig. 8; pl. 131, fig. 2—Fonvrarne, in Ward, — 
19th Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv., Pt. 2, 1899, p. 682, pl. 163, fig. 110; pl. 167, 
figs. 1-3.—Fonrarne#, in Ward, Monoer. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 
484, 538, 548. 

Arthrotaxopsis grandis FONTAINE, Monoer. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 240 
(part). 

Sphenolepidium virginicum Fontatnr, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, 
p. 259, pl. 125, fig. 4; pl. 166, fig. 6—FontTaine, in Ward, Monogr. U. S. 
Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 481, 484, 517. 

Arthrotaxopsis expansa Fontaine, Monoer. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 241 
(part), pl. 135, figs. 15, 18, 22. 

Taxodium (Glyptostrobus) expansum Fontaine, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 
1890, p. 252, pl. 123, fig. 1. 

Glyptostrobus expansus Warp, Fontaine, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., 
vol. 48, 1906, p. 543. 

Taxodium (Glyptostrobus) denticulatum Fonvatnr, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., 
vol. 15, 1890, p. 253, pl. 124, fig. 1. 

Taxodium (Glyptostrobus) fastigiatum FonvTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., 
vol. 15, 1890, p. 253, pl. 125, figs. 1, 3. 

Glyptostrobus fastigiatus Warp, 15th Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv., 1895, p. 380. 

Glyptostrobus brookensis FONTAINE, in Ward, 19th Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv., 
Pt. 2, 1899, p. 682, pl. 165, fig. 4; pl. 168, fig. 4. 


The following are included in the synonymy of this species: by Seward (Wealden Flora): Muscites 
imbricatus Roemer, Verstein., 1839, p. 9, pl. 17, fig, 1c (this is doubtful and would change the specific 
name if recognized); Araucarites hamatus Trautschold, Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Moscou, vol. 18, 1870, p. 
225, pl. 21, fig. 3; and Thuites choffati Heer, Contrib. Flora foss. Port., 1881, p. 11, pl. 10, fig. 8. 


292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 


Description —Twigs alternate, branching copiously and more or 
less crowded, with a tendency toward a fastigiate arrangement in 
numerous specimens. Leaves thick, keeled dorsally, ovate in out- 
line, often broadly so, acuminate, often slightly recurved, rather 
crowded and more or less appressed, but larger and much more 
divergent than those of the genera Arthrotaxopsis or the Lower Cre- 
taceous species of Widdringtonites. Phyllotaxy spiral. Cones small, 
globose or oblate spheroidal, scales few in number, short and thick, 
truncate distally, becoming more or less divergent with age. 

This species is very common at a large number of Lower Cretaceous 
horizons in both Europe and America, and it has also been recorded 
from the Cenomanian in Portugal, Saxony, and Austria (Lesina). 
It is present in the Neocomian of Portugal and Westphalia and 
doubtfully in beds of this age in Russia. It is present in the Wealden 
of England and Germany, the latter being the type area. It is also 
recorded from the Urgonian of Portugal and is probably present. in 
the Kome beds of Greenland. In this country it is recorded from 
the Kootanie of Montana and the Fuson formation of the Black 
Hills. It is a very abundant form in the Potomac group, and occurs 
at numerous localities ranging in age from the oldest or Patuxent 
beds to the youngest or Patapsco beds, a range similar to but some- 
what less in time than that ascribed to it im Portugal, where Saporta 
recognizes it from the Neocomian to the Cenomanian. Some of the 
numerous specimens from the Kome beds of Greenland, which Heer 
described first as Widdringtonites gracilis' and afterwards as Cyparis- 
sidium gracile,? are probably identical with Sphenolepis kurriana 
(Dunker) Schenk, although the cones ascribed to the former differ 
from those of the latter. Heer notes the resemblance between the 
remains of foliage of Cyparissidium, Widdringtonites, Glyptostrobus, 
Arthrotaxis, and Sequoia. 

Araucarites hamatus Trautschold, which Seward? doubtfully 
includes in the synonymy, is here excluded. There is some sugges- 
tion of Sphenolepis in Trautschold’s figures, but not enough for cer- 
tainty. These figures are, however, almost identical with the conif- 
erous twigs from Glen Rose, Texas, which Fontaine describes as 
Sequoia pagiophylloides new species. 

The species may be a composite one; its wide geographical and 
geological range offers some basis for such a suspicion, but the mate- 
rials available for study do not furnish reliable data for its segregation. 

Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION: New Reservoir, Ivy City, 
District of Columbia; Fredericksburg, Potomac Run, Trents Reach, 
Dutch Gap, Telegraph Station (Lorton), Cockpit Poimt, Kankeys, 


1 Heer, Flora foss. Arct., vol. 1, 1868, p. 83, pl. 48, figs. le, 7, g, 3c. 

2 Heer, Contrib. Flora foss. Port., vol. 3, pt. 2, 1874, p. 74, pl. 17, fig. 5b, c; pl. 19; pl. 20, fig. le; pl. 21, 
figs. 9b, 10d. 

3 Wealden Flora. 


No. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 293 


Virginia. ARUNDEL FORMATION: Bay View, Arlington, Maryland. 
PaTAPsco FORMATION: Federal Hill (Baltimore), Vinegar Hill, Mary- 
land; near Brooke, 72 milepost, Mount Vernon, Hell Hole, Virginia. 

Collections —U. S. National Museum, Johns Hopkins University. 


SPHENOLEPIS STERNBERGIANA (Dunker) Schenk. 


Muscites sternbergianus DUNKER, Monogr. Norddeutsch Weald.-bild., 1846, p. 20, 
pl. 7, fig. 10. 

Juniperites sternbergianus BRoNaNtART, Tableau, 1849, p. 108. 

Araucarites dunkert ErtinGSHAUSEN (part), Abhandl. k. k. geol. Reichs. vol. 1, 
Leal pa2/; ple 2, Hes. 2, 3), 7,1 9: 

Araucarites curvifolius ErtINGSHAUSEN, Abhandl. k. k. geol. Reichs., vol. 1, 1851, 
Dy 28 pla2 fies: 11, 13, 14 07-2. 

Widdringtonites dunkeri ScuimreR, Pal. Végét., vol. 2, 1870, p. 329. 

Widdringtonites curvifolius ScuimpER, Pal. Végét., vol. 2, 1870, p. 329. 

Sphenolepis sternbergiana SCHENK, Paleont. vol. 19, 1871, p. 243, pl. 37, figs. 3, 4; 
pl. 38, figs. 3-13.—-Scuimper, Pal. Végét., vol. 3, 1874, p. 575, Atlas, pl. 110, 
fig. 27..—Hostus and v. d. Marck, Paleont., vol. 26, 1885, p. 215, pl. 44, figs. 
206-208. 

Sphenolepidium sternbergianum Herr, Contrib. Flora foss. Port,, 1881, p. 19, 
pl. 13, figs. la, 2-8; pl. 14—Fonrarne, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 
1890, p. 261, pl. 121, figs. 8, 10, 11; pl. 180, fig. 9—Saporta, Flora foss, 
Port., 1894, pp. 114, 139, 193, pl. 22, figs. 1, 2; pl. 27, fig. 14; pl. 33, fig. 13.— 
SewarpD, Wealden FI., pt. 2, 1895, p. 205, pl. 16, figs. 4-6.—Fonraing, in 
Ward, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 264, pl. 169, fig. 7— 
Kwnowtrton in Diller, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 19, 1908, p. 386.—Warp, 
15th Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1895, p. 359, pl. 3, fig. 1. 

Sphenolepidium sternbergianum densifolium FONTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., 
vol. 15, 1890, p. 261, pl. 118, fig. 7; pl. 121, figs. 5, 7, 9; pl. 125, fig. 2; pl. 129, 
fig. 3; pl. 130, fig. 1; pl. 131, figs. 1, 3; pl. 132, fig. 4 Fontaine, Proc. U.S. 
Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 268, pl. 36, fig. 10.—FonrarneE in Ward, Monogr. 
U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 480, 481, 484, 486, 491, 507, 511, 515, 524, 
528, 544, 545, 555, 573, pl. 109, figs. 8, 9; pl. 112, figs. 1, 10 (not fig. 11); pl. 
115, fig. 1. 

Sequoia gracilis HEER, Flora foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, 1873, p. 80, pl. 18, fig. le; 
pl. 22, figs. 1-10.—Fonraine, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890 (not 
1899), p. 247, pl. 126; figs. 3, 4—Knowuton, Smiths. Misc. Coll., vol. 4, 
pt. 1, 1907, p. 126.—? Hoxiick, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 50, 1907, 
p. 43, pl. 3, fig. 14. 


Description.—Branches somewhat more remote than in Sphenolepis 
kurriana, with relatively shorter twigs. Leaves ovate, decurrent, 
keeled, with a broad base and acuminate apex, often divergent and 
faleate; in other specimens appressed. In general the leaves are much 
more crowded and divergent than in the preceding species. Cones 
not collected in connection with the American material except in the 
case of some poorly preserved specimens from Mount Vernon figured 
by Ward! which may be immature, although they suggest the pre- 
ceding species rather than this one. Cones are described by Schenk 
from the German Wealden and are also figured by Seward from the 
English Wealden. The cones are small, oblate spheroidal in shape, 


1 Ward, 15th Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv., 1895, p. 359, pl. 3, fig. 1. 


294. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. 


with few stout truncated scales, which become more or less divergent 
with maturity. Ward‘ reports specimens of the foliage of this spe- 
cles with attached staminate catkins similar to those described by 
Fontaine as “Male aments”’ from various Virginia localities, where 
they were not attached to recognizable twigs. 

This species was described by Dunker in 1846 as a species of Mus- 
cites, Brongniart in 1849 substituting Juniperites as a more appro- 
priate generic name, one subsequently changed to Araucarites by 
Ettingshausen. Schimper referred this species to Widdringtonites, but 
since 1871 it has been rather consistently referred to as Sphenolepsis 
or Sphenolepidium sternbergianum, although the difficulty of dealing 
satisfactorily with various detached coniferous twigs of similar habit 
is no small one, not only from their similar appearance in various 
unallied species, but also because of their resistance of decay and 
retention of their leaves when reduced to fragments, so that they are 
often the most abundant remains in coarse sediments. 

Sphenolepis sternbergiana has an equally wide range, both geo- 
graphic and geologic, as has the preceding species. It is common in 
the Wealden of England and Germany, and is recorded by Saporta 
from the Neocomian, Urgonian, and Albian of Portugal, a range simi- 
lar to that which it shows in the Maryland-Virginia area. It is prob- 
ably represented in the Kome beds of Greenland by Sequoia gracilis 
Heer, while the latter author's Glyptostrobus groenlandicus? and 
Sequoia fastigiata from these beds also suggest this species. It is 
recorded from the Glen Rose (Trinity) beds of Texas and from the 
Shasta (Horsetown beds) of the Pacific coast. The form from the 
Upper Cretaceous of Marthas Vineyard which Hollick has identified 
as Sequoia gracilis Heer is also similar enough to be suggestive. The 
present species is very abundant in the Potomac Group ranging from 
the bottom to the top. 

The specimens of Sphenolepis sternbergiana from the Wealden of 
Eeclesbourne, in possession of the writer, are much stouter than the 
American conifer usually identified as this species, and resemble 
rather closely what in America goes by the name of Sequoia ambigua 
Heer, a resemblance already commented on by Seward. Since, how- 
ever, the preservation is poor, too much importance can not be 
attached to a resemblance which may be purely superficial, although 
in the opinion of the writer it seems probable that some at least of the 
Wealden twigs identified as Sphenolepis sternbergiana may really be 
those of Sequoia ambigua, which in this country we have no difficulty 
in distinguishing from Sphenolepis. 

Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION: Fredericksburg, Telegraph 
Station (Lorton), Potomac Run, Alum Rock, Cockpit Point, Wood- 


115th Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv., 1895, p. 359. 
“Teer, Flora Foss, Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 76, pl. 17, Be 9; pl. 20, figs. 9, 10. 
3 Wealden Flora, pt. 2, 1895, p. 206. 


NO. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 295 


bridge, Virginia. ARUNDEL FORMATION: Langdon, District of Colum- 
bia; Hanover, Tip Top, Soper Hall, Maryland. Parapsco rorMa- 
TION: Grays Hill, Fort Foote, Stump Neck, Maryland; Mount Ver- 
non, White House Bluff, Hell Hole, Chinkapin Hollow, 72-mile post, 
Dumfries Landing, near Widewater, Aquia Creek, Virginia. 
Collections.—U. 8. National Museum, Johns Hopkins University. 


THE GENUS ARTHROTAXOPSIS OF FONTAINE. 


The genus Arthrotaxopsis was named from its resemblance to the 
modern genus Arthrotaxis Don, of the subfamily Taxodiex, which has 
three species confined to Tasmania. 

Arthrotaxopsis is characterized in the following terms by its 
describer: ! 

Trees or shrubs, copiously branching, with principal stems or branches proportion- 
ally strong, cylindrical, rigid, sending off thickly placed, long, slender, cord-like, 
ultimate twigs, all in the same plane and spreading widely; the ultimate twigs leave 
the penultimate ones under a very acute angle and show a tendency to a fastigiate 
grouping; cones mostly broadly oblong, rarely globular, obtuse and rounded at base 
and apex, average dimensions 10 mm. by 14 mm., attached singly on the summit of 
short lateral branches and placed on the lower portions of the leafy stems and branches, 
the twig with its cone representing the branching leafy twigs which occur higher up; 
scales of the cones woody, thick, wedge-shaped in the basal portions, expanded at the 
{ree ends, and probably shield-shaped, numerous, spirally placed, attached at a large 
angle, the middle ones being nearly or quite at a right angle with the axis, close ap- 
pressed, opening with age; seed under each scale one, elliptical in shape, smooth and 
bony in texture, average dimensions 1 mm. by 2.5 mm.; leafy branches ending abruptly 
in an ultimate twig similar to those sent off pinnately and alternately lower down; 
leaves very thin and scale-like, elliptical, rhombic, or oblong, with varying age chang- 
ing their shape, the rhombic forms representing the oldest and most crowded leaves, 
slightly keeled on the back, spirally arranged. 


The only qualification that it is necessary to make in the foregoing 
description is that referring to a single, smooth, bony seed under each 
cone-scale. The present writer has been entirely unable to verify 
this feature in any of the material. The cones are of small size and 
comparable to the cones usually referred to Sequoia—i. e., with 
wedge-shaped, peltate scales. The material is all poorly preserved 
and the leafy twigs have evidently suffered greatly from decay before 
fossilization. 

The genus may be distinguished from Arthrotaxites Unger,? Ech- 
inostrobus Schimper,’ and Cyparissidium Heer,‘ all of which have 
very similar leafy twigs, by the characters of the cone, which are quite 
different. The first two are Jurassic, while the last extends from the 
Rheetic to the Upper Cretaceous. As a rule the twigs of Arthro- 
taxopsis are more elongated and slender than those of these other 
genera, indicating in all probability a pendulous habit. 


1 Fontaine, Monogr. U.S. Geol: Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 239. 
2 Unger, Bot. Zeit., 1849, No. 19. 

3Schimper, Pal. Végét, vol. 2, 1870, p. 330. 

4Heer, Flora Foss, Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, 1874, p. 74. 


296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. 


As originally described Arthrotaxopsis contained four species. Two 
of these prove to be identical with the species described below, while 
the third was composite and included specimens of both Sphenolepis 
kurriana (Dunker) Schenk and Sequova ambiqua Heer. 


ARTHROTAXOPSIS GRANDIS Fontaine. 


Arthrotaxopsis grandis FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 240 
(part), pl. 114, figs. 1-8; pl. 116, figs. 1-4; pl. 135, fig. 10 —Fonraine, in 
Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 546. 

Arthrotaxopsis tenuicaulis FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 
241, pl. 114, figs: 4,5; pl. 115, fig. 4; pl. 116, fig. 6; pl. 117, fig. 2—FonrTarne, 
in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 516, 520, 538, 546, 571; 
19th Ann. Rept. U. 8S. Geol. Surv., pt. 2, 1899, p. 674, pl. 164. 

Arthrotaxopsis pachyphylla FoNTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 
242, pl. 115, figs. 1, 3; pl. 117, figs. 1, 3-5. 

Descrvption.—Leaty twigs elongate and slender, especially the dis- 
tal ones, which are extremely attenuated and unbranched or some- 
times dichotomously branched. Main branches alternate, much 
branched, apparently in a single plane. Distal twigs crowded, some- 
what fastigiate. Leaves usually thin, closely appressed, elliptical to 
rhombic in shape, slightly keeled, acute. Phyllotaxy spiral. Cones, 
small, ovoid, 5 mm. to 10 mm. in diameter and 1 cm. to 1.5 cm. in 
length, made up of a small number of relatively thick, wedge-shaped, 
peltate scales, becoming somewhat spreading with age. 

This species may be distinguished from Sphenolepis kurrvana 
(Dunker) Schenk, with which it was confused by Professor Fontaine 
by the method of branching and by its longer and more slender twigs 
as well as by the usually more spreading leaves of Sphenolepis. The 
material which constituted the species tenuicaulis and pachyphylla of 
Fontaine is not separable from that of the type. It comes from the 
same beds and differs merely in the condition of preservation and 
relative positions of the twigs upon the branch. Under Arthro- 
taxopsis grandis was also included originally certain material from 
near Brooke, Virginia, which is referable to Sphenolems. Both the 
foliage and the cones are common in the Patuxent and Arundel 
formations, and, so far as known, they do not extend above the top 
of the latter. Very ambiguous material from the Hay Creek beds of 
the Fuson formation in Wyoming are referred to this species by 
Fontaine. 

Occurrence. —PATUXENT FORMATION. Dutch Gap and Fredericks- 
burg, Virginia; Sixteenth street, District of Columbia; Springfield, 
Fort Worthington,? Maryland. ArunpeL rormatTion Tip Top (2 
sp. ?), Arlington (1 sp.), Bay View (cones and foliage common), Mary- 
land, Langdon, District of Columbia. 

Collections.—U. 5. National Museum, Johns Hopkins University. 


NO. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 297 


ARTHROTAXOPSIS EXPANSA Fontaine. 


Arthrotaxopsis ecpansa FontaInE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 241, 
pl. Us, figs..6,6> pl. 115, fig 25) pl. ii7, fie. 6 (mot.pl. 135, fies. 15, 18, 22, 
which are referred to Sphenolepis kurriana (Dunker) Schenk).—FonratnE, in 
Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 504, 520, 546, 571 (not 
pp. 533, 535, 538, 555, 573, pl. 109, figs. 12, 13, which are referred to Sequoia 
ambiqua Heer, and p. 547, which is referred to Widdringtonites ramosus (Fon- 
taine) Berry. 

Taxodium (Gly ptostrobus) ecpansum FontTaIneE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 
1890, p. 252, pl. 123, fig. 1. 

Glyptostrobus expansus Warp, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 543. 
Sphenolepidium sternbergianum densifolium FontTatINne, in Ward, Monoer. U. S. 
Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 524 (part), pl. 112, fig. 11 (not figs. 1, 10). 
Glyptostrobus brookensis FonTAINE, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 

1906, pp. 483, 486, 520 (not the other citations). 

Description.— Branches and twigs elongated and extremely slender, 
widely spreading and sparingly branched, showing a tendency as 
preserved to be in a single plane, although it can not be determined 
to what extent this reflects the original habit of the plant. Leaves 
spirally arranged, thick, keeled, acute, showing a tendency to become 
obtuse and less appressed, especially on the older twigs. 

As here delimited this species is confined to the older Potomac, 
although it is very similar to those forms from the Patapsco forma- 
tion, which are described as Widdringtonites ramosus (Fontaine) 
Berry, the latter being more copiously branched, less spreading, 
and with more acute leaves which frequently become more or less 
elongated. These differences may or may not be of specific value. 
As preserved, the two plants differ decidedly in aspect, but this is due 
largely to the spreading habit of the present species and is approached 
in some of the coniferous twigs from Mount Vernon which are referred 
to Widdringtonites. 

The relation to Arthrotaxis implied by the name is not certain and 
the present species is retained in the genus to which it was referred 
by Professor Fontaine more from a desire to avoid changes which do 
not appear to be justified by the meager evidence at hand than from 
any conviction of relationship. For the same reason it was not trans- 
ferred to Widdringtonites, although it seemed desirable in the case of 
Widdringtonites ramosus to make such a change and bring the latter 
in association with the Upper Cretaceous species of that genus, with 
which there is such a close agreement. 

Following Seward’s suggestion,'! the cones which Professor Fon- 
taine referred to this species are considered to belong to Sphenolepis 
kurriana (Dunker) Schenk, as are also some of the leafy twigs which 
Fontaine identified as Arthrotaxopsis, and a number of the recorded 


1 Seward, Wealden Flora, pt. 2, 1895, p. 201. 


298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. 


occurrences of the latter have also been found to belong to Sequoia 
ambigua Heer. 

The present is another of the several species which may be com- 
pared with the foliage from the Lower Cretaceous of Greenland which 
Professor Heer referred to Cyparissidvum. 

Occurrence.—P ATUXENT FORMATION: Roadside near Potomac Run, 
Telegraph station (Lorton), Trents Reach, Dutch Gap, Cockpit Point, 
Virginia; Springfield (2), Maryland. ARUNDEL FORMATION: Lang- 
don, District of Columbia, Bay View, Tip Top (?), Maryland. 

Collections. —U. S. National Museum. 


THE GENUS CEPHALOTAXOPSIS OF FONTAINE.! 


The utility of a new generic designation for the Potomac forms 
included in this genus is not altogether obvious with Cephalotaxites 
and Taxites already in use, but as it is in the literature and differen- 
tiates an abundant type, which is at least specifically distinct from the 
species usually referred to the two genera just mentioned, it is retained 
in the present publication. It may be characterized as follows: 

Deseription.—Much branched, limbs stout, apparently in a single 
plane, although it is impossible to determine to what extent this. is 
due to pressure during fossilization. Leaves flat, linear-lanceolate, 
coriaceous and persistent, rather variable in size, mucronate tipped; 
base slightly decurrent and twisted; midrib broad and flat, bordered 
on either side below by a stomatal groove. The leaves are distichous 
in habit, but the phyllotaxy was undoubtedly spiral, as it is In so 
many other gymnosperms with the distichous habit, and is attested 
by the twisted leaf bases. No fruits have been found upon any of the 
abundant foliage specimens, although certain associated species of 
Carpolithus? are mentioned by Professor Fontaine as the probable 
fruits of this genus, which are assumed to have been drupe-like with a 
bony seed after the manner of the existing species of Podocarpus and 
Cephalotazus. This may well have been the case. The fact that no 
fruiting specimens occur in the abundant sterile material lends some 
support to this interpretation, since such fruits would stand far less 
chance of successful transportation by water and subsequent fossiliza- 
tion than would the woody buoyant cones of the majority of the 
conifers. 

With the genus Tumion probably present in the Virginia Potomac 
and with Nageiopsis representing the subfamily Podocarpex, the 
family Taxacez is abundantly represented in the Lower Cretaceous, 
and when the individual abundance is considered rather than the 
specific differentiation, it must be admitted that this family furnishes 
an important element in the Potomac flora. 


1 Fontaine, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 235. 
2 C. fasciculatus, C. mucronatus, C. sessilis, C. ternatus. 


No. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 299 


Heer ' has described a leafy twig from the Patoot beds of Green- 
land (Senonian) bearing a large solitary drupe-like fruit which he 
calls Cephalotaxites insignis, an identification which Solms-Laubach 2 
seems to consider probable. Bertrand* has described structural 
material of fruits allied to Cephalotarus under the name of Vesquia 
tournaisii from the Aachenian of Belgium, and the present writer has 
described * similar fruits which are common in the Upper Cretaceous 
of the southern Atlantic Coastal Plain. 

The existing genus Cephalotaxus Siebold and Zuccarini, contains four 
species confined to the Chinese-Japaneseregion. Itwasevidently much 
more widespread in former geologic times, and to it should possibly be 
referred some of the leafy twigs included in the genus Taxites Brong- 
niart. Fruit of three species of Cephalotarus, apparently identified 
correctly, are described by Kinkelin ° from the Phocene deposits of 


Germany. 
CEPHALOTAXOPSIS MAGNIFOLIA Fontaine. 


Cephalotaxopsis magnifolia FonTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, 
p. 236, pl. 104, figs. 4, 5; pl. 105, figs. 1, 2, 4; pl. 106, figs. 1, 3; pl. 107, figs. 
1, 2, 4; pl. 108, figs. 1, 3, 4.—Fonrarne, in Diller and Stanton, Bull. Geol. 
Soc. Amer., vol. 5, 1894, p. 450.—FonTaAINE, in Ward, 19th Ann. Rept. U.S. 
Geol. Surv., Pt. 2, 1899, p. 686, pl. 162, fig. 1b; pl. 169, figs. 3, 4. 

Cephalotaxopsis ramosa FONTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 
237, pl. 104, figs. 2, 3; pl. 106, figs. 2, 4; pl. 107, fig. 3; pl. 108, fig. 2.—Fon- 
TAINE, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 258(?), pl. 68, 
figs. 5-7(?) (not p. 311, pl. 73, fig. 8, which is referred to Oleandra, or p. 547, 
which is referred to Nageiopsis angustifolia). 

(?)Cephalotaxopsis ? rhytidodes Warp, Fontaine, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. 
Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 258, pl. 68, fig. 8. 

(?)Cephalotaxopsis, species FONTAINE, in Diller and Stanton, Bull. Geol. Soc. 
Amer., vol. 5, 1894, p. 450. 


Description.—Branches very stout, more or less branched, in some 
instances apparently in whorls through the suppression of the ter- 
minal bud and the development of lateral shoots. Leaves distichous 
in habit, but probably with a spiral phyllotaxis, strikingly similar to 
those of the modern species of Cephalotarus, linear-lanceolate in out- 
line, rather abruptly rounded at the base and tapering gradually 
upward. Apex with a mucronate point. Length 2 cm. to 6 em., 
averaging 4 cm. or 5 cm. and becoming regularly smaller distally and 
also smaller at the base of the new shoots. Width 3 mm. to 4 mm. 
Texture coriaceous. The midrib is broad and flat, occupying about 
one-seventeenth of the diameter of the leaf. The epidermal cells are 
arranged in rows; they are small in size and thick-walled, quad- 
rangular or slightly hexagonal in outline, ranging from proportions but 

1 Heer, Flora Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 1883, p. 10, pl. 53, fig. 12. 
2 Solms-Laubach, Fossil Botany, 1891, p. 61. 
3 Bertrand Bull. soc. bot. France, vol. 30, 1883, p. 293. 


4Berry, Bull. Torrey Club, vol. 37, 1910, p. 187. 
6 Engelhardt and Kinkelin, Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Gesell. vol. 39, Heft 3, 1908, p. 194, pl. 23, figs. 9, 13. 


300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. 


slightly longer than wide to those in which the length is about three 
times the width. On the lower surface of the leaf on either side of the 
midrib, commencing one-fifth of the distance to the margin and occu- 
pying a width of one-fourth the distance to the margin, are the stom- 
atal grooves. They are deeply sunken and appear to have been 
floored with thin-walled cells not well preserved. There is some evi- 
dence of the occurrence of a woolly scurf in these grooves, but the 
preservation is such that this can not be positively asserted. The 
stomata were comparatively large and irregularly scattered in the floor 
of the groove. They are without definite arrangement or orientation. 
The guard cells are two in number, long, much curved,.and slender. 

This species is exceedingly common in the Patuxent formation of 
Virginia, to which it appears to be confined in the Atlantic coastal 
plain province. Although it has not yet been reported from the 
Kootanie formation of the Montana area, it is present in both the 
Lakota and Fuson formations of the Black Hills Rim and in the 
Shasta beds of California. At no localities, however, is it as abundant 
as in the lowest Potomac of Virginia. It 1s strikingly like the modern 
Cephalotarus in appearance and may also be compared with various 
fossil species of Tazites. 

Occurrence. —PATUXENT FORMATION: Fredericksburg, near Dutch 
Gap, and near Potomac Run, Virginia. 

Collections.—U. S. National Museum. 


CEPHALOTAXOPSIS BREVIFOLIA Fontaine. 


Cephalotaxopsis brevifolia FonTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, p. 288, 
pl. 105, fie: 3; pl. 106, fig.5° pl. 107, fig. 3: 

Cephalotaxopsis microphylla Fontaine, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, 
p. 238, pl. 108, fig. 5; pl. 109, fig. 9. 

Description.—Ultimate branches alternate and rather slender. 
Leaves distichous in habit, narrowly lanceolate, 7 mm. to 21 mm. in 
length, averaging 10 mm. to 12mm. Width 1 mm. to 3 mm., aver- 
aging about 2 mm. Apex and base almost equally acute, the base 
slightly less so. Texture coriaceous. Fontaine says of this species: 
‘““Midnerve slender.’’ It is, on the contrary, extremely broad, but 
flat and not prominent. In the specimen which is Fontaine’s, plate 
106, figure 5, the midrib occupies one-fifth of the maximum width of 
the leaf. This specimen exposes the upper surfaces of the leaves, in 
consequence of which the midrib and stomatal bands are obscured. 

This species, which may simply represent certain terminal or abor- 
tive shoots of the preceding, is not at all common and is confined to 
the Patuxent formation of Virginia. It may be profitably compared 
with some of the Mesozoic species of Tazites. 

Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION: Fredericksburg, near Dutch 
Gap, and near Potomac Run, Virginia. 

Collections.—U. S. National Museum. 


No. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. S(O 


THE GENUS WIDDRINGTONITES. 


The genus Widdringtonites was established by Endlicher in 1847! 
with Thuites gramineus Sternberg’ from the Tertiary of Perutz, 
Bohemia as the type. This he named Widdringtonites wngeri, includ- 
ing in its synonymy Juniperites baccifera Unger, Thuia graminea 
Brongniart, and Musecites stolzv Sternberg. Three additional species 
were listed, one from the Cretaceous, one from the Wealden, and one 
from the Lias. His characterization of the genus was as follows: 
“Wolia spiraliter inserta, pleraque squameformia adpressa. Stro- 
bilus globosus, valvatus.”’ 

There are perhaps a score of species ranging in age from the Tri- 
assic to the Miocene referred to this genus at the present time. It 
has been commonly used for foliar specimens which resembled the 
living forms, but which lacked the certainty furnished by associated 
cones.- These are known, however, in a large number of species, 
many of which, especially those of Tertiary age, being now referred to 
the still existing genus Widdringtonia. 

Although fruiting specimens of Widdringtonites ramosus are 
unknown, its immediate successor Widdringtonites reichit (Ettings- 
hausen) Heer of the Raritan and Magothy formations has, in the 
European material, furnished abundant four-valved cones which 
induce Velenovsky and Krasser to advocate its reference to Wid- 
dringtoma.  Widdringtonites subtilis Heer, which is common in the 
later Cretaceous of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, has also furnished 
somewhat poorly preserved cones of this generic type in material col- 
lected by the writer in South Carolina and well preserved attached 
cones in material from the Tuscaloosa formation in Alabama. 

There can be but little doubt of the actual genetic relationship 
between a number of these Mesozoic conifers and the existing species 
of Callitris, Widdringtonia, and Frenela, which Eichler lumps into the 
single genus Callitris Vent. At the present time they constitute a 
restricted group confined to the Australian region on the one hand 
(Frenela) and to northern Africa (Zucallitris) and southern Africa 
and Madagascar (Widdringtonia) on the other. In former geo- 
logical periods they were much more abundant. [renelopsis is 
recorded in America from Greenland to Texas and Widdringtonites 
from Greenland to South Carolina. Abroad both types occur abun- 
dantly in central and western Europe. Like so many other types of 
plants which were widespread in Mesozoic times they became during 
the Tertiary more and more restricted in their range until today they 
are not found at all in the Western Hemisphere. 


1 Endlicher, Synop. Conif.. 1847, p. 271. 
2 Sternberg, Flora Vorwelt, Tentamen, 1825, p. 38, pl. 35, fig. 4. 


302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Referring only to Cretaceous species of Widdringtonites we find four 
in the Neocomian, one in the Urgonian, one in the Albian, three in 
the Cenomanian, and one in the Senonian. 


WIDDRINGTONITES RAMOSUS (Fontaine). 


Taxodium (Glyptostrobus) ramosum FontTAIne, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 
1890, p. 251, pl. 123, figs. 2, 3; pl. 124, fig. 2; pl. 127, fig. 1; pl. 166, fig. 1. 

Glyptostrobus ramosum Warp, Fontaine, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., 
vol. 48, 1906, pp. 281 (?), 489, 544. 

Taxodium (Glyptostrobus) brookense FontTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 
1890, p. 254, pl. 122, fig. 1; pl. 124, figs. 3-9; pl. 131, fig. 5; pl. 165, figs. 1-3; 
pl. 166, figs. 4, 7; pl. 167, fig. 3. 

Glyptostrobus brookensis WARD, 15th Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv., 1895, p. 359.— 
FontTarne in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 481, 483, 486, 
489, 495, pl. 110, fig. 1 (not pp. 483, 486, 520, which are referred to Arthrotaxopsis 
expansa Fontaine). 

Taxodium (Glyptostrobus) brookense angustifolium Fontaine, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. 
Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 256, pl. 167, fig. 1. 

Glyptostrobus brookensis angustifolium KnNowuron, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 
152, 1898, p. 112.—FontTarnE in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 
1906, p. 489, pl. 108, fig. 4. 

_Arthrotaxopsis expansa FonTAINE, in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 
1906, p. 547 (not balance of the original citation). 


Description.—Fontaine’s original description in 1890 was as follows: 


The principal stems seen are moderately stout and very rigid, the secondary ones 
mostly slender and rigid, the ultimate ones usually very long, slender, and unbranched, 
wide-spreading, often very delicate and thread-like, going off at an angle of abqut 45°, 
but from distortion due to pressure frequently appearing fastigiate and irregularly 
grouped; leaves on the oldest stems elongate-linear, acute, close appressed, on the 
younger stems all very narrowly oblong, or narrowly elliptical, acute to obtuse, very 
closely appressed, not distinctly visible without help of a lens in many cases, all 
spirally arranged; the facial leaves usually acute, the lateral ones usually more 
obtuse and sometimes slightly divergent at the tips and incurved; midnerves slender 
and thread-like. 


Since nowhere in the Potomac group are cones or scales found 
which indicate the presence of Glyptostrobus, it seems desirable to 
refer these species and variety of Professor Fontaine’s to the genus 
Widdringtonites because of their extremely close resemblance to Wid- 
dringtonites reich. (Ettingshausen) Heer which is so widespread and 
characteristic a form in the Cenomanian of both the Old and New 
World. In fact it may be eventually desirable to reduce this Patapsco 
species to the synonomy of the latter, to which it is at least very 
closely allied. The variety angustifoliwum Fontaine is not distin- 
guishable from the type and is based on specimens slightly more 
slender than the average, but readily matched in the material which 
that author refers to the type-species. Glyptostrobus ramosum (Fon- 
taine) Ward is clearly identical with the other forms which are 
included by Fontaine in this species and comes from the same out- 
crops with the exception of certain material from the Kootanie at 


No. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 303 


Great Falls, Montana, which Professor Fontaine has identified as 
Glyptostrobus ramosum, but which is in all probability Glyptostrobus 
groenlandicus Heer and not identical with the Potomac species, 
although detached twigs of the two may and do show considerable 
similarity. 

The material from the Fuson formation of eastern Wyoming which 
Fontaine referred to his Glyptostrobus brookensis, a synonym of Wid- 
dringtonites ramosus, is clearly identical with Sphenolepis kurriana 
(Dunker) Schenk, which occurs in the same beds with it, and quite 
different from the species under discussion. 

Widdringtonites ramosus is a characteristic species of the Patapsco 
formation both in Maryland and Virginia and occurs in considerable 
abundance at numerous localities. It is undoubtedly the ancestor 
of Widdringtonites reich (Ettingshausen) Heer of the Raritan and 
Magothy formations. 

Occurrence.—PATAPSCO FORMATION: Vinegar Hill, Fort Foote 
Overlook Inn Road, Stump Neck, near Wellhams, Maryland; Mount 
Vernon, Hell Hole, White House Bluff, near Brooke, 72 milepost, 
Virginia. 

Collections.—U. 5S. National Museum. 

THE GENUS BRACHYPHYLLUM. 


The genus Brachyphyllum was proposed by Brongniart in 1828 ! 
for conifers with short, fleshy, spirally arranged leaves attached by 
their broad rhomboidal bases. The type-species, Brachyphyllum 
mamillare from the Lower Oolite, was described, but not figured, and 
was placed under the heading conifére doutense. In 1849 the same 
author * compared this genus with the existing genera Arthrotazis, 
Widdringtoma, and (rlyptostrobus. Schimper* in 1872 somewhat 
restricted the genus and also extended Brongniart’s diagnosis. 
Saporta * also gives a rather well-illustrated account of Brachyphyllum 
figuring Brongniart’s type and pointing out its doubtful botanical 
affinity. Seward® regards Brachyphyllum as a purely provisional 
genus, the actual botanical position of which is very uncertain, and 
further states that it is quite probable that more than one family of 
conifers are included under this name. Comparisons have been made 
at various times with the modern subfamilies Araucariex, Taxodiee, 
and Cupressez, especially with the Tasmanian genus Arthrotaxus of 
Don and the Araucarian species Araucaria imbricata. 

Brachyphyllum may be defined as a genus of arborescent conifers 
the twigs of which are thick and club-shaped, irregularly distichous 


1 Brongniart, Prodrome, 1828, p. 109. 4Saporta, Pal. frane., 1883, vol. 3, p. 310. 
2 Brongniart, Tableau, 1849, p. 69. 5 Seward, Cat. Wealden Flora, pt. 2, 1895, p. 214. 
3 Schimper, Traité, vol. 2, 1872, p. 334. 


304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


in their mode of branching. The leaves are squamate, very short, 
thick, appressed, and densely crowded. Phyllotaxis spiral. In life 
the leaves must have been more or less fleshy, mutual pressure caus- 
ing them to assume a pentagonal or hexagonal outline, with a dorsal, 
slightly projecting carina or boss becoming more or less obliterated 
with age. Leaf surface more or less striated, the stris converging to 
the obtuse apical point (at least this is true of our American Creta- 
ceous species). The leaf-scars on old branches are said to be rhom- 
boidal and continuous, remotely suggestive of Lepidodendron. 

A variety of cones have been referred to this genus usually upon 
the unreliable evidence of association in the same stratum. Even 
when cones are found in actual connection with the leafy twigs their 
preservation is such that positive evidence of botanical relationship 
is not available. Newberry describes! a large cylindrical cone with 
a length of 20 centimeters and a diameter of 4 centimeters and having 
spatulate scales, which he is quite positive is the cone of the Brachy- 
phyllum so common in the upper part of the Raritan clays of New 
Jersey. As against these cones described by Newberry most cones 
referred to Brachyphyllum have been small and somewhat spheriodal 
in shape. Thus Zeiller described branches of Brachyphyllum from 
the Lias of Madagascar which bore small ovoid cones with rhomboidal 
scales very suggestive of Sequoia and he seems to think it probable 
that some of the forms of Brachyphyllum are referable to the Taxodieze 
while others have an affinity with the Araucariee. Saporta? figures 
elliptical Walchia-like cones which he found associated with Brachy- 
phyllum jauberti, gracile, and moreauanum in the French Jurassic 
while Heer describes *? and figures spherical cones with polygonal 
scales attached to twigs of his Brachyphyllum insigne from the Lower 
Oolite of Siberia, and other records of a very similar nature might be 
mentioned. Fontaine has recorded three obscure varieties of small 
cones from the Patuxent beds along the James River in Virginia 
which he refers to Brachyphyllum.t| They are very indefinite and 
poorly preserved but may be correctly identified. Finally Hollick 
and Jeffrey have rendered it extremely probable® that the wide- 
spread coniferous scales of the mid-Cretaceous referred to Dammara 
are related to Brachyphyllum and these authors have proved, at least 
in the species formerly known as Dammara microlepis Heer from 
Staten Island, a relation to twigs of the Brachyphyllum type, which 
relationship would seem to effectually disprove the identity of the 
cones described by Newberry. 


1Newberry, Flora Amboy Clays, 1896, p. 51, pl. 7, figs. 3, 4, 6. 

2Saporta, Plantes Jurassiques, vol. 3, 1884, pp. 341, 349, 365, pl. 165, figs. 1,2; pl. 167, fig. 2; pl. 171; 
figs. 5-9. 

3 Heer, Flora Foss. Arct., vol. 4, pt. 2, 1876, p. 75, pl. 18, fig. 9. 

4Fontaine, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, pp. 223, 224, pl. 135, figs. 8, 9; pl. 168, fig. 2. 

5 Hollick and Jeffrey, Amer. Nat., vol. 40, 1906, p. 200. 


NO. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 305 


Leafy branches and twigs very similar in appearance to those of 
Brachyphyllum in which, however, the leaves are less thick and more 
free and pointed are often referred to the genus Echinostrobus which 
was founded by Schimper in 1872 for four or five Jurassic species of 
conifers, and it is to this Jurassic genus that Velenovsky refers two 
species from the Cenomanian of Bohemia,' although these latter are 
both practically identical with Brachyphyllum macrocarpum New- 
berry from the nearly homotaxial American horizons. 

The geological range of Brachyphyllum like its geographical range 
is very great. The earliest recorded occurrence is that of a very 
doubtful species described by Feistmantel? from the Permo-Car- 
boniferous of New South Wales (Newcastle beds). The genus reap- 
pears in the upper Triassic becoming prominent during the Jurassic 
and Lower Cretaceous and dies out during the first half of the Upper 
Cretaceous. 

Recently discovered structural material has enabled Hollick and 
Jeffrey* to settle in a measure the botanical affinity of at least one 
species, Brachyphyllum macrocarpum. The leaves are shown to be 
attached by practically the whole ventral surface, only the margins 
being free and these sometimes overlap. They refer this species to 
the subfamily Araucariez on the evidence of the branched leaf trace, 
the mucilaginous contents of the resin canals, the Araucarioxylon 
type of flattened and alternating bordered pits, the lateral pits of the 
ray cells and the absence in the phloem of regularly alternating rows 
of hard bast fibers. 

Brachyphyllum is not a prominent type in the Potomac flora 
although it is by no means as rare as 1t was thought to be some years 
ago. Brachyphyllum parceramosum, the Patuxent species, has been 
met with rather infrequently, but Brachyphyllum crassicaule is not 
uncommon at a relatively large number of Patapsco outcrops. 


BRACHYPHYLLUM CRASSICAULE Fontaine. 


Brachyphyllum crassicaule Fontarne, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, 
p. 221 pl. 100; fies 4 pl09, figs. I=7; pl. 110) figs. 1-3; pl. 11; figs’, 7; 
pl. 112, figs. 6-8; pl. 168, fig. 9—FonTaIng, in Ward, Monogr. U. S. Geol. 
Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 529, 557, pl. 113, fig. 6. 


Description.—In 1890 Fontaine described this species as follows: 


Trees with large branches, irregularly pinnate; on the penultimate twigs the 
ultimate branches lower and next to the main branch subdivide pinnately into 
branches; those higher are unbranched and simple; ultimate branches vary in num- 
bers and closeness, sometimes few and remote, and again crowded, contiguous, 
almost touching toward the summit of the penultimate branches the ultimate ones 
become much crowded and grow gradually shorter, are cylindrical, and taper grad- 


1Velenoysky, Gym. béhm. Kreidef., 1885, p. 16, pl. 6, figs. 3, 6-8; Kvétena Geského cenomanu, 1889, 
p. 9, pl. 1, figs. 11-19; pi. 2, figs. 1, 2. 

2¥Feistmantel, Palaecont., Suppl. 3, 1878, p. 97, pl. 7, figs. 3-6; pl. 17. 

3Hollick and Jeffrey, Amer, Nat., vol. 40, 1906, p 200. 


80796°—Proc.N.M.vol. 40—11——20 


306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


ually to an obtuse point; leaf-scars of young leaves elliptical in shape, slightly pro- 
longed in the direction of the axes of the stems, and such leaves seem to have been 
fleshy, slightly convex, and with a free tip slightly keeled in the upper half; with 
age the leaves become broader and more convex, being broadly elliptical, almost 
circular, and they leave similar scars after their fall; when crowded and dilated with 
age the leaves and leaf-scars are subrhombic or rhombic in shape; the surface of the 
leaves, which is very rarely preserved, shows fine tubercles or dots, arranged in 
curving lines parallel to their margins and converging toward their tips; cones small, 
globular, or subelliptical in shape, attached laterally to the penultimate twigs, taking 
the place of ultimate branches; scales numerous, spirally arranged, touching, shape 
not made out, but probably with age rhombic and polygonal. 

This species is fairly common in Virginia in beds of both Patuxent 
and Patapsco age, while in Maryland it occurs exclusively, as far as 
known, in deposits referred to the Patapsco formation. 

Brachyphyllum crassicaule is very similar to the European Brachy- 
phyllum obesum Heer! with which Seward? unites it tentatively. 
This latter species is found in the English Wealden and in the 
Urgonian and Aptian of Portugal. While these European and 
American forms are very similar, it should be remembered that this 
similarity runs through all the members of this genus, and these two 
species are so widely removed geographically it has seemed best to 
maintain their distinctness. Brachyphyllum obesiforme Saporta? 
from beds of Albian age in Portugal is also very similar to the forms 
under discussion. Finally the Patapsco species is very similar to the 
single Upper Cretaceous species of America, Brachyphyllum macro-. 
carpum Newberry, and is undoubtedly its ancestral form. 

Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION: Trents Reach and Dutch Gap, 
Virginia; Parapsco FORMATION: Near Brooke, near Widewater, 
Dumfries Landing, Virginia; Fort Foote, Federal Hill (Baltimore), 
near Glymont, Stump Neck, Maryland. 

Collections —U. S. National Museum, Johns Hopkins University, 
Maryland Academy of Sciences, Goucher College of Baltimore. 


BRACHYPHYLLUM PARCERAMOSUM Fontaine. 


Brachyphyllum parceramosum FontTaInr, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 
1890, p. 223, pl. 110, fig. 4.—Fonraine, in Ward, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., 
vol. 48, 1906, pp. 517, 538. 

Brachyphyllum texense Fontaine, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 269, 
pl. 38, figs. 3-5; pl. 39, figs. 1, la. 


Description.—Fontaine’s original description was as follows: 


Twigs branching sparingly and dichotomously; leaves and leaf-scars elliptical to 
subrhombic, with the longer dimensions in the direction of the length of the twigs; 
leaves convex, spirally arranged, showing a keel in their upper portions, closely 
appressed, contiguous, prolonged very slightly at the tips, branches cylindrical, of 
the same thickness throughout; so far as can be seen about 4 mm. in diameter. 


1 Heer, Contr. Flora Foss. Port., 1881. p. 20, pl. 17, figs. 1-4. 
‘Seward, Wealden Flora, pt. 2, 1895, p. 218, pl. 17, fig. 9; pl. 20, figs.t, 
3 Saporta, Flora foss. Port., 1894, p. 176, pl. 31, figs. 12, 13; pl. 33, fig. 4; pl. 34, fig. 8. 


NO. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 307 


This form, which is of rare occurrence, is possibly not specifically 
distinct from Brachyphyllum crassicaule Fontaine, which in turn is 
very closely allied to various European forms. It may be distin- 
guished, however, from the preceding species by its slender branches, 
‘which rarely fork, and then in an apparently dichotomous manner 
(this is only apparent, however, and not real dichotomy), and by its 
more regular, pointed, slightly keeled leaves. The specimens from 
Glen Rose, Texas, described as new by Professor Fontaine, are not 
distinguishable from the Maryland and Virginia specimens of 
Brachyphyllum parceramosum. 

Brachyphyllum parceramosum is retained as a Aastiniet species 
because of the inconclusive nature of the material and because it 
occurs in beds of somewhat greater age than Brachyphyllum crassi- 
caule and because in habit it more nearly resembles the less branched 
Jurassic types rather than the more regularly and pinnately branched 
Cretaceous types, the latter type culminating in Brachyphyllum 
macrocarpum of the Upper Cretaceous. The great similarity among 
all of the species in this genus when studied as poorly preserved 
impressions tends to enforce caution on the student who would unite 
under one name forms which appear to be similar, but which are 
widely removed either geologically or geographically. The European 
representative of Brachyphyllum parceramosum is Brachyphyllum 
obesiforme elongatum Saporta, which occurs in the Albian of Portugal. 

Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION: Telegraph Station (Lorton), 
Virginia; New Reservoir, District of Columbia. ARUNDEL FORMA- 
TION: Arlington, Maryland. 

Collections —U.S. National Museum. 


THE GENUS SEQUOIA. 


The genus Sequoia was proposed by Endlicher in 1847,! being based 
upon the still existing species of the Pacific coast of North America. 
What appears to be the earliest authentic record of a fossil Sequoia is 
furnished by the cones collected in the Portlandian of France.? 

Ranging through the succeeding Lower Cretaceous deposits about 
a dozen species are known. The localities include Maryland, Vir- 
ginia, California, Montana, Wyoming, and Texas, and outside the 
United States British Columbia, Greenland, Mexico, Spitzbergen, 
Portugal, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, England, and Russia. 
Wood of the Sequoia type of structure is also known from the Lower 
Cretaceous of this country and Europe. In the Upper Cretaceous 
species of Sequoia become still more abundant and they apparently 
extend their range and specific differentiation throughout the greater 
portion of the succeeding Tertiary period, some of the forms, repre- 


1 Endlicher, Synop. Conif., 1847, p. 197. 
* Fliche and Zeiller, Bull. soc. géol. France (4), vol. 4, 1904, p. 798, pl. 19, figs. 4, 5. 


308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 


sented by foliage, cones, and wood, being almost identical with the 
modern redwood Sequoia sempervirens (Lambert) Endlicher, while 
others appear to be ancestral to the modern big tree of California 
Sequoia washingtonana (Winslow) Sudworth. The climatic changes 
of the Pleistocene seem to have inaugurated the extinction of this 
type which had previously become restricted in America by the 
extensive development of the plains type of country, which was too 
arid for their continued existence. Both the sempervirens and the 
washingtoniana type are present in the Pliocene of Europe at a large 
number of localities, as well as three or four additional species repre- 
sented by twigs, cones, seeds, and wood. 

In the present flora the redwood is common in the Coast Range 
from Oregon southward to Monterey County, California, while the 
‘‘bige tree” is confined to the west slopes of the Sierras from southern 
Placer County to Tulare County, California. 


SEQUOIA REICHENBACHI (Geinitz) Heer.! 


Araucarites reichenbachi GrInitz, Charak. Schichten u. Petref. sach-bohm Kreide, 
pt: 3, 1842, p. 98, pl. 24, fig. 4. 

Araucaria reichenbachi DeBEY, Ent. Geogn. Darst. Gegend von Aachen (Nachtrage, 
1849. 

Sequoia reichenbachi HeER, Flora Foss. Arct., vol. 1, 1868, p. 83, pl. 43, figs. 1d, 
2b, 5a.—FontTaine, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 243, pl. 118, 
figs. 1, 4; pl. 119, figs. 1-5; pl. 120, figs. 7, 8; pl. 122, fig. 2; pl. 167, fig. 5.— 
Naruorst, in Felix and Lenk, Beitr. Geol. u. Pal. Mexico, 1893, p. 52, figs. 
4, 5.—FontTaIneE, in Ward, 19th Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv., Pt. 2, 1899, 
p. 674, pl. 165, figs. 1, 2; pl. 166, fig. 1—Fonra1NE, in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. 
Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 177, 263, 281, 544, pl. 55, figs. 7, 8; pl. 69, figs. 4, 5. 

Sequoia reichenbachi longifolia Fontatnr, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, 
p. 244, pl. 117, fig. 8. 

Sequoia densifolia FonNTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 246, pl. 
121, fig. 4. 

Sequoia (?), species Fontaine, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 248, pl. 
116, he. 7: spl. 132, fies. 255, 6. 

Sequoia, species FontTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 248, pl. 132, 
fig. 10. 

Sequoia (?) inferna Warp, Fontaine, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 
1906, p. 507. 

Sequoia couttsix (not Heer) Houck, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 30, 
jolla Wy feds tye 


Description.—This is one of the most wide-ranging fossil plants, 
both geologically and geographically, that is known, and it seems 
very probable that it is of a composite character, the well-known 
difficulty of distinguishing between coniferous twigs of this character 
prohibiting any satisfactory segregation. Described originally as a 
species of Araucarites, certain of these remains from the Staten Island 
Cretaceous have shown by their vascular structure that they are 
allied to the Araucariexw, while, on the other hand, a large number of 


! Only such citations as have some bearing on the Potomac occurrence of this species are mentioned in 
the synonymy. 


No. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 309 


exactly similar remains of leaf-bearing twigs bore cones which are 
unquestionably those of a Sequoia. Twigs of this sort are abundant 
throughout the Potomac group, occurring also in the Fuson formation 
of the Black Hills, the Kootanie of Montana, the Shasta of California, 
the Kome beds of Greenland, and the Neocomian of central Mexico. 
Abroad they have been reported from the Upper Jurassic (?) of Por- 
tugal, the Neocomian of Belgium, the Urgonian of Silesia, and the 
Gault of Switzerland. Similar remains have also been described from 
a large number of horizons in the Upper Cretaceous, both in this 
country and abroad. 

The shght variations from specimen to specimen and the varying 
conditions of preservation in the twigs of this species throughout the 
Potomac deposits, together with the detached and more or less mace- 
rated cones, furnished the basis for six species and varieties of Fontaine 
and Ward, but these are obviously not specifically distinct from one 
another. 

Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION: Fredericksburg, Lorton (Tele- 
eraph Station), and Dutch Gap, Virginia; Springfield, Maryland. 
ARUNDEL FORMATION: Reynolds Ore Pit, Maryland. Patapsco 
FORMATION: Near Brooke, Virginia. 

Collections.—U. 8. National Museum. 


SEQUOIA RIGIDA Heer. 
Sequoia rigida HeER, Flora Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, 1873, pp. 80, 91, 102, 128, 
pl. 22, figs. 5g, ila; pl. 25, fig. 6; pl. 27, figs. 8-14; pl. 38, figs. 9a, 10.— 
ScHENK, Palaeontographica, vol. 23, 1875, p. 168, pl. 29, figs. 8, 9—Herr, 
Flora Foss. Arct., vol. 6, pt. 2, 1882, p. 52, pl. 7, figs. 10-12; pl. 8, fig. 7; pl. 
11, fig. 1c; pl. 24, fig. 3b; vol. 7, 1883, p. 18, pl. 58, figs. 5-7. Fontaine, 
Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 246, pl. 118, fig. 3; pl. 121, fig. 
2; pl. 126, fig. 3; pl. 130, fig. 3—Kwnowtron, in Stanton and Martin, Bull. 
Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 16, 1905, p. 408.—FonTaINnE, in Ward, Monoer. U.S. 
Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 219. 
Sequoia subulata FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, 245, pl. 117, 
fig. 7; pl. 118, figs. 5, 6 (not Heer).—Fonrarne, in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. 
Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 486, 571 (not Heer). 

Description —This species was described by Heer from the Kome 
beds of Greenland, although he subsequently pointed out that it was 
more abufidant in the Atane beds. He compares it with Sequoia 
woodwardu (Carruthers) Schimper of the upper Greensand of England 
and with Sequoia pectinata Heer of the Senonian of Germany. It 
is also recorded from the Gosau beds of Europe and from the Upper 
Cretaceous of Alaska as well as from the Potomac of Virginia, the 
Kootanie of Montana, and the Shasta of California. The specific 
identity of these Upper and Lower Cretaceous forms may well be 
doubted, but no clear line of demarcation can be drawn between them 
at the present time. It is quite possible that the Potomac forms are 
merely variants of the abundant Sequoia reichenbachi, since they fail 
to show the transverse rugosity (a feature of the preservation merely) 


810 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


described by Heer. They also appear to be somewhat less decurrent 

and less finely pointed than the type material. A variety described 

by Saporta from the Albian of Portugal as var. lusitanica* is scarcely 

to be distinguished from the Potomac specimens. 
Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION: Near Potomac Run, near Tele- 

graph Station (Lorton), Virginia: Springfield, Maryland. 
Collections.—U. 8. National Museum. 


SEQUOIA DELICATULA Fontaine. 


Sequoia delicatula FontTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Survey, vol. 15, 1890, p. 247, 
pl. 121, fig. 3. 


Description.—In 1890 Fontaine furnished the following description 
of this species: 

Principal twigs slender, penultimate and ultimate ones all in one plane, minute, 
short, closely placed, alternate and pinnate in arrangement; leaves very small, 


narrowly linear, acute or acuminate, widest at base, decurrent, and mostly crowded; 
midnerve slender but distinct. 


Professor Fontaine says of this species: 
This plant is a good deal like Sequoia subulata, but the leaves are proportionally 


wider and not so faleate, while the ultimate branches are placed at more uniform 
intervals. 


It may be doubted whether it is really distinct from the abundant 
Sequoia reichenbachi, since it was extremely rare at the single Vir- 
ginia locality from which it was originally collected and it has not 
been met with in any of the subsequent collections. It is not espe- 
cially well marked and is of little significance, although it has seemed 
best to keep it distinct at the present time. 

Occurrence. —PATUXENT FORMATION: Near Dutch Gap, Virginia. 

Collections —U. 8. National Museum. 


SEQUOIA AMBIGUA Heer. 


Sequoia ambigua Herr, Flora Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, 1874, pp. 78, 91, pl. 21, 
figs. 1-11; pl. 25, fig. 5; vol. 6, pt. 2, 1882, pp. 17, 52, pl. 1, fig. 3. FontTaInE, 
Monoer. U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 245, pl. 118, fig. 2; pl. 120, figs. 
1-6; pl. 127, fig. 5; pl. 132. fig. 3—NarTHorst, in Felix and Lenk, Beitr. 
Geol. and Pal. Mexico, 1893, p. 51, figs. 1-3.—FonrTarne, in Ward, Monogr. 
U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 272, 281, 538, 555, pl. 69, fig. 6; pl. 110, 
fig. 13. 

Sphenolepidium recurvifolium Fontaine, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, 
p- 258, pl. 127, fig. 2; pl. 130, figs./2, 7. 

Sphenolepidium dentifolium Fontatnk, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, 
p. 258, pl. 128, figs. 2-6; pl. 129, fig. 5; pl. 180, figs. 4-6, 10.—FonTAINgE, in 
Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 484, 528, 538, 546, 555. 

Sequoia gracilis FonTAINnE, in Ward, 19th Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv., pt. 2, 
1899, p. 675, pl. 166, fig. 2 (not Heer). 

Arthrotaxopsis excpansa FonTAINE, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 
1906, pp. 533, 535, 538, 555, 573, pl. 109, figs. 12, 13 (not pp. 504, 520, 546, 547, 
571), 


1 Saporta, Flora foss. Portugal, 1894, p. 177, pl. 33, figs. 7-12. 


No. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 311 


Description.—Remains of the foliage of this species are distin- 
guishable from those of contemporaneous conifers which occur in the 
beds with them by the relatively short and very stout, acuminate, 
faleate, or recurved, decurrent leaves. 

The cones are spherical and consist of relatively few short scales 
with longitudinally striated peduncles and suddenly expanded, quad- 
rangular, peltate, umbilicate tips. These cones are abundant in the 
lower Cretaceous of Maryland, occurring usually as detached ferrugi- 
nized mud casts. They vary considerably in size, and this has re- 
sulted in their having been referred to two species and genera, the 
smaller having been identified by Professor Fontaine as Arthrotaxop- 
sis expansa, while the larger were referred to Sequoia ambigua. As 
Professor Ward pointed out in his monograph,! they show no differ- 
ences except in size, and even this feature has rather narrow limits 
of variation with every gradation present. The writer has carefully 
compared a large suite of specimens and many wax casts of the scales 
and finds them absolutely identical in every respect, the relative pro- 
portions of the scales from the smallest and the largest cones giving 
the same ratios of length, width, and height. 

As recorded in the literature cited above, Sequoia ambigua is widely 
distributed geographically and it has an equally great geological 
range. Described originally from the Kome beds (Urgonian) of Green- 
land by Professor Heer, this author soon afterwards recorded it from 
the Upper Cretaceous Atane beds of that country. It has been 
recorded by Nathorst from the Neocomian of Mexico and it is present 
in the Kootanie formation of Montana. It is a member of the Shasta 
flora of the Pacific coast (Horsetown beds) and is probably repre- 
sented in the Fuson formation of eastern Wyoming by what Profes- 
sor Fontaine calls Sequova gracilis. In the Upper Cretaceous, remains 
in every way identical with these Lower Cretaceous occurrences are 
present in the Magothy formation at Gay Head and at a number 
of localities in Maryland as well as in the Tuscaloosa formation of 
Alabama. 

In the Potomac group this species ranges from the base of the 
Patuxent, through the Arundel to the top of the Patapsco often in 
considerable abundance. Seward? comments on the resemblance 
between Sequoia ambigua Heer and the widespread remains of Spheno- 
lepis sternbergiana (Dunker) Schenk, a resemblance strikingly shown 
in some Wealden specimens of the latter from Ecclesbourne recently 
received by the writer. However, their preservation is not of the 
best, and the English specimens seem to show slight differences from 
the type of this species in the direction of what in America is iden- 
tified as Sequoia ambigua. No changes in nomenclature are pro- 
posed, however, since it seems probable that Sphenolepis sternberg- 


1 Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906. 2 Wealden Flora, pt. 2, 1895, p. 206. 


ray OY) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. 


iana in North America is properly identified and distinct from 
Sequoia ambigua, which is more open and stouter and which may be 
present in the English Wealden in some at least of the coniferous 
twigs identified as Sphenolepis sternbergiana. 

Occurrence.-PATUXENT FORMATION: Fredericksburg, Dutch Gap, 
Cockpit Point, Potomac Run, Telegraph Station, Virginia; ARUNDEL 
FORMATION: Soper Hall, Riverdale, Arlington, Muirkirk, Schoolhouse 
Hill (Hanover), Maryland; Pararsco ForMATION: Federal Hill 
(Baltimore), Locust (Poplar) Point, Fort Foote, Maryland. 

Collections.—U. 5. National Museum, Johns Hopkins University. 


THE GENUS ABIETITES. 


Since its establishment by [isinger’ in 1837 this genus has been 
a convenient and perhaps useful repository for fossils whose real or 
fancied affinities were thought to suggest the modern genus Abves. 
They have ranged in age from the Keuper to the Pliocene, the bulk 
coming from the Cretaceous, and consisting of obscure impressions 
of foliage and cones, none of which have any real biological value or 
present any definite clue to their true relationship. Professor Fon- 
taine has included in this genus fossils from the Triassic of North 
Carolina and various indefinite remains from the Trinity group of 
Texas, the Shasta group of California, the Lakota formation of the 
Black Hills, and the Potomac group of Maryland and Virginia. The 
latter he segregates into four species, all of which are based upon 
obscure cone impressions and none of which possess much specific 
value. When it is remembered what diverse appearances may be 
assumed by a single species of cone irrespective of individual varia- 
tion and due merely to different stages of maceration before preserva- 
tion, to differences in the matrix, and to differences in the direction 
and force of compression, it seems very probable that we are dealing 
with a single species of cone, or at least not more than two, instead of 
the four which are in the literature relating to the Potomac. 

Similar forms from the English Wealden are described by Car- 
ruthers, Gardner, and Seward, and referred to the comprehensive 
genus Pinites of Endlicher (1847). They are in all probability con- 
generic if not specifically identical with Abietites macrocarpus Fon- 
taine, whose generic and specific name is here retained in order to 
avoid unnecessary changes and because Endlicher’s Pinites is ante- 
dated by Pinites Witham (1833), something altogether different. In 
the French Neocomian also, cones of this character are abundant, 
Cornuel? describing five species and referring them to Pinus. His 
Pinus submarginata is especially suggestive of Abietites macrocarpus 


1 Hisinger, Letheea suecica, 1837, p. 110. 
2Cornuel, Bull. soc. géol. France (11), vol. 23, 1866, pp. 658-673, pl. 12. 


No. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. ole 


Fontaine, as are also some of the species described by Coemans! 
from the Lower Cretaceous of Belgium and by Carruthers? from the 
Gault of England. Finally the foliage from the Potomac beds which 
has been referred to Leptostrobus and Laricopsis is neither Leptostrobus 
nor related to the modern Lariz, and since such foliage in the English 
Wealden is in organic union with cones of the Abietites macrocarpus 
type,’ it seems eminently proper in the treatment of the American 
material to associate this type of foliage with the corresponding type 
of cone. 
ABIETITES MACROCARPUS Fontaine. 


Abietites macrocarpus FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 262, 
pl. 132, fig. 7—Fonrarve, in Ward., Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, 
pp. 261, 547, pl. 68, figs. 15, 16; pl. 115, figs. 2, 3. 

Abietites ellipticus Fontaine, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 263, pl. 
132), figs..8, 9; pl. 133, figs. 2-4; pl. 168, fic. 8. 

Abietites angusticarpus FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 263, 
pl. 133, fig. 1.—FonrtainE, 19th Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv., Pt. 2, 1899. 
p. 671, pl. 163, fig. 14.—Fonratns, in Ward., Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 
48, 1906, pp. 528, 538, 556, 572, pl. 114, fig. 10. 

Williamsonia? bibbinsti Warp, Fontaine, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 
48, 1906, p. 554, pl. 115, fig. 11. 

Abietites californicus FonTAINE, in Diller and Stanton, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 
vol. 5, 1894, p. 450 (nomen nudum). 


Description.—Large, stout cones, with a stout axis and numerous, 
long, thin, imbricated, appressed scales. The various specimens vary 
considerably in length and appearance, all being much macerated 
and poorly preserved. 

The author is unable to find good characters for the separation of 
the forms included in the foregoing synonymy. The supposed Wil- 
hamsonia is nothing but a cone fragment vertically compressed as 
Professor Ward surmised. Described originally from the Patuxent 
formation of Virginia they have since been identified in the Shasta 
eroup (Horsetown beds) of California and the Lakota formation of 
the Black Hills, while a very similar cone fragment has been de- 
scribed from the Trinity group of Texas as Abietites linkit (Roemer) 
Dunker. 

These cones are comparable with a number of previously described 
species, and they are especially close to Pinites solmsi Seward from 
the English Wealden, as the latter author has already pointed out. 
From the foliage preserved with the English cones, which is identical 
with what Professor Fontaine referred to Leptostrobus, it is possible 
that the latter type of foliage was borne by the tree which furnished 
the cones just described. 


1 Coemans, Mém. Acad. Roy. Belg., vol. 36, 1867. 
2 Carruthers, Geol. Mag., vol. 3, 1866, pp. 534-546, pl. 20, 21. 
8’ Seward, Wealden Flora, pt. 2, 1895, p. 197, pl. 18, figs. 2, 3; pl. 19. See especially pl. 18, fig. 2. 


314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40, 


Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION: Fredericksburg, Dutch Gap, 
Virginia, Broad Creek, Maryland; ARUNDEL ForRMATION: Arlington, 
near Lansdowne, Maryland; Parapsco FORMATION, Vinegar Hill, 
Fort Foote, Maryland. 

Collections —U. S. National Museum. 

ABIETITES MARYLANDICUS Fontaine. 
Abietites marylandicus FonTAINE, in Ward., Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 
1906, p. 549, pl. 115, figs. 4, 5. 

Description.—Obscure impression of a narrowly oblong cone about 
15 mm. wide and about 4 cm. long, covered with closely placed, rhom- 
boidal scars, transversely elongated. The very stout peduncle might 
be taken to indicate a stout cone with thin scales of which only the 
basal portions were retained in the fossil. The relation of this cone 
to the preceding species is altogether doubtful, it is retained in this 
genus since the preservation is so vague that any effort to determine 
its true affinity would be futile. 

In some respects it suggests the staminate cone of a cycad and it 
may also be compared with cones of the coniferous genus Geinitzia 
which are characteristic forms in the Albian, Cenomanian, and 
Senonian. . 

Occurrence.—-PATAPSCO FORMATION: Vinegar Hill, Maryland. 

~ Collection.—U. 8. National Museum. 


ABIETITES FOLIOSUS (Fontaine). 


Leptostrobus foliosus FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 230, pl. 
101, fig. 4; pl. 103, fig. 5; pl. 104, fig. 1; in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., 
vol. 48, 1906, p. 482. : 

Laricopsis longifolia YontarnE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 233, 
pl. 102, figs. 7, 8; pl. 103, figs. 2, 3; pl. 165, fig. 4; pl. 168, figs, 5, 6.—Fon- 
TAINE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 268, pl. 36, fig. 9 (?).—Fon- 
TAINE, in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 312, pl. 73, figs. 
11, 14. 

Description.—Leaves long and slender, 0.5 to 1.0 mm. in width, full 
length not seen, at least several centimeters, much crowded, seem- 
ingly in bundles where the preservation is fairly good. 

This is clearly distinct from the preceding species and less common. 
It is not fully characterized because of the poorness of preservation, 
as evinced by the fact that the leaves are detached in a majority of 
the specimens collected. The forms which were the basis for Lari- 
copsis longifolia Fontaine have been united with this species since 
they are indistinguishable and probably identical in character. 

This species occurs at the oldest and youngest horizons in the 
Virginia Potomac and it has also been recorded from the Kootanie 
formation of Montana. The fragment from the Trinity beds of Texas 
which Professor Fontaine identifies with such certainty is, in the 
writer’s judgment, absolutely untrustworthy. 


NO. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 3L5 


Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION: Dutch Gap and immediate 
vicinity, Virginia; PaTapsco FORMATION: Brooke, Virginia. 
Collections.—U. S. National Museum. 


ABIETITES LONGIFOLIUS (Fontaine) New Combination. 

Leptostrobus longifolius FonTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 
228, pl. 101, figs. 2, 3; pl. 102, figs. 1-4; pl. 103, figs. 6-12; pl. 104, fig. 6.— 
FonrTaINE, in Ward, 19th Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv., Pt. 2, 1899, p. 671, 
pl. 163, fig. 15; pl. 165, fig. 3— Fonrarne, in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., 
vol. 48, 1906, pp. 281, 481, 482, 491, 506, 528, 551, 557, pl. 110, fie. 11; pl. 116, 
figs 1: 

Description.—Leaves long and narrow, needlelike, 10 to 15 em. in 
length, aggregated in bundles. Bundles apparently borne on short 
shoots, with many leaves in each bundle. No satisfactory venation 
can be made out. J[ontaine describes a various number of veins in 
these forms, but as nearly as can be determined these are simply folds 
due to compression or simply the angles of the leaf. 

This species has a considerable geologic as well as geographic range, 
having been recorded from the Kootanie formation of British Colum- 
bia and the Fuson formation of the Black Hills. In the Potomac 
group it is of frequent occurrence and individually common, being 
found in the oldest as well as the youngest beds. The remains are 
always poorly preserved and were evidently much macerated before 
fossilization. They are closely comparable with Pinites solmsi 
Seward of the Wealden and with Pinus peterseni Heer from the Kome 
beds of Greenland. They may also be compared with the genus 
Prepinus proposed by Professor Jeffrey for certain structural material 
from the Upper Cretaceous. 

The genus Leptostrobus was proposed by Heer?' in 1876 for certain 
Siberian Jurassic cones, although in 1880 remains of foliage were also 
correlated with these cones.? Five species in all were described. 
The age of the containing beds is Oolitie. Subsequently this generic 
name was utilized by Ward and Fontaine for a considerable number 
of American Jurassic and Cretaceous species, based on an assort- 
ment of probably unrelated vegetative twigs, supposed cones, and 
seeds or fruits. 

Occurrence. —PATUXENT FORMATION: Fredericksburg, Potomac Run, 
and Dutch Gap, Virginia; PaTapsco FORMATION: Brooke, 72-mile post, 
Mount Vernon and Hell Hole, Virginia; Fort Foote, Vinegar Hill 
(very common), and Federal Hill (Baltimore), Maryland. 

Collection —U. 8. National Museum. 


THE GENUS PINUS. 


Modern members of this genus are the dominant conifers of the 
northern hemisphere with about 70 species, usually forming vast forest 


! Heer, Flora Foss. Arct., vol. 4, Abth. 2, 1876, p. 72. 2 Heer, Idem., vol. 6, Abth. 1, 1880, p. 23 


BL - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 40, 


areas. There are considerable differences of opinion at the present 
time among morphologists as to the relative antiquity of the various 
members of the order Coniferales, the older view that the Abietines 
were a highly specialized and relatively modern type being ques- 
tioned by Jeffrey and others. It would seem, however, that the old 
view not only has the fossil record exclusively in its favor but many 
morphological arguments to substantiate it. 

A very large number, perhaps as many as 200, of fossil species have 
been described, ranging in age from the Jurassic upward. The Juras- 
sic has furnished pine-like leaves as well as the remains of cones which 
have formed the foundation of several-species. While these records 
are for the most part not entirely unequivocal, Fliche and Zeiller* in a 
recent communication are positive of the identity of the cone which 
they describe from the French Portlandian. From horizons homo- 
taxial with the Potomac group, a number of forms have been recorded. 
These include six species described by Heer from leaves in the Kome 
beds, three species from the Kootanie, one from the Lakota of the Black 
Hills, and one from the Trinity of Texas. Strata of Lower Cretace- 
ous age in Europe are remarkable for the number, variety, and excel- 
lent preservation of cones of Pinus, about a dozen species being known 
from England, Belgium, and France. The Upper Cretaceous records 
are frequent and conclusive, including the evidence of wood with 
structure preserved, and the genus becomes thoroughly cosmopolitan 
during the Tertiary period. The definite remains of Pinus in the 
Potomac group are those of both cones and seeds constituting the fol- 
lowing single species, the cones of which sometimes crowd the strata 
of the Patapsco formation. 


PINUS VERNONENSIS Ward emend. 


Pinus vernonensis WARD, in Fontaine, in Ward., Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 
48, 1906, p. 497, pl. 109, figs. 4-6. 
Pinus schista Warp, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1905, p. 531, pl. 112, 
figs. 13-15. 
Araucarites virginicus FONTAINE, in Ward., Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 
1906, p. 572, pl. 119, fig. 8 (not Fontaine, 1890). 
Seed of Pinus?, species FonTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 
272, pl. 170, fig. 4. 
Description._-Cones elongate, conical, somewhat variable in size, 
averaging about 7 cm. in length by 1.8 cm. in diameter. Axis stout, 
2mm. to 3 mm. in diameter. Cone scales triangular, relatively thin, 
thickened apically to form a rhomboidal boss with an elevated trans- 
verse ridge. A central umbilicus may represent the area of attach- 
ment of a short spine which has been worn away before fossilization. 
Length about 1.5 cm., greatest width about 0.8 to 1 cm., thickness 
1 to 2 mm. 


1 Fliche and Zeiller, Bull. Soc. geol. France (4), vol. 4, 1904, p. 804. 


No. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. Ske 


The arrangement of the scales is a close spiral, and in all of the cones 
collected or seen, numbering several score, none were found expanded, 
all having the scales closely appressed. This may indicate fossiliza- 
tion before maturity, since also numbers of the cones retain their 
seeds, which is remarkable if the cones were shed in a ripe state. The 
seeds seem to be mature, however, and it is probable that the cones 
in this species had reached nearly or quite their full size when they 
were blown into some Lower Cretaceous stream and carried out and 
buried in the Patapsco estuaries. Each cone scale subtends two 
seeds which are typically those of Pinus. The seeds are elliptical, 
3-5 mm. long with straight wings 5-15 mm. high and not over 7 mm. 
wide, sides rather straight though somewhat curved on the outside, 
obtusely rounded apically. 

The single seed from Federal Hill represents the maximum of size as 
given above and is also rather more pointed than the specimens from 
the other localities. It was doubtfully described by Fontaine in his 
first monograph. More recently Professor Ward discovered seeds of 
Pinus at Mount Vernon, Virginia, and at Fort Foote, Maryland. The 
former were described as Pinus vernonensis, which now becomes the 
name of all the Pinus like remains from the Patapsco formation. 
The latter specimens were described as a distinct species, Pinus 
schista, because the wings are somewhat split. As the latter are 
identical with the more complete remains from the other bank of the 
Potomac, and as the different specimens are split to a varying degree 
and one specimen is not split at all, it is quite obvious that the splitting 
is due entirely to trituration before fossilization. 

Recently the writer discovered abundant lignitized cones associated 
with these seeds near Widewater, Virginia, and these cones were found 
in a number of instances to still contain some of their seeds which 
proved to be identical in every respect with the seeds previously 
described from the Patapsco formation. Having become familiar 

-with the cones which bore the pine seeds it was found that the single 
cone described by Fontaine! from Cecil County, Maryland, as identi- 
cal with Araucarites virginicus was in reality a pine cone identical 
in every respect with the cones from near Widewater, Virginia. 

The seeds of Pinus vernonensis may be compared with those figured 
by Seward? from the Wealden of Bernissart, Belgium as Pinites cf. 
Solmsr. In the U.S. National Museum collections a number of speci- 
mens of Widdringtonites brookense are labeled Pinus vernonensis in 
Professor Fontaine’s handwriting, but there is no record in print of 
supposed foliage of this species, although it is possible that some of 
the foliage specimens referred to Abvetites in the present paper may 
have had such a relationship. 


1In Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 572, pl. 119, fig. 8. 
2Seward, La Flora Wealden de Bernissart, Mém. Musée roy. d’hist. nat. de Belgique, Année 1900, 
p. 28, pl. 4. fig. 77. 


318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Occurrence.—PATAPSCO FORMATION: Mount Vernon (seeds) and 
near Widewater, Virginia (cones and seeds): Federal Hill (Balti- 
more) (seed) and Fort Foote (seeds); Muddy Creek, Cecil County 
(cone), near Wellhams, Anne Arundel County (seeds), Maryland. 

Collections.—U. 5. National Museum, Johns Hopkins University. 


[SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE PHILIPPINE CRUISE OF THE FISHERIES STEAMER 
“ALBATROSS,” 1907-10.—No. 9.] 


DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW FISHES OF THE FAMILY 
CHATODONTIDA FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 


By Hvuex M. Suitx and Lewis Ranvcuirre, 
Of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, Washington. 


The species referred to in this paper represent hitherto unde- 
scribed forms of the family Chetodontide obtained in the Philip- 
pine Archipelago by the Albatross expedition. 

The measurements herein used represent the ratio between length 
of part described and the standard length from tip of snout to end 
of last caudal vertebra, with the exception of eye, snout, maxillary, 
interorbital, fins, and least depth of caudal peduncle, which are 
expressed in ratio to head measured from tip of snout to posterior 
edge of opercle (not including opercular flap). The length of caudal 
peduncle is measured between the verticals drawn at base of last 
anal ray and at end of last vertebra. Even when the last dorsal 
and anal rays are cleft to base they are still counted as single rays. 
The scale formula indicates the number of scales in a transverse 
row from insertion of dorsal downward and backward to and includ- 
ing lateral line and from origin of anal upward and forward to lateral 
line and the number of transverse rows above the lateral line, 
between upper angle of opercle and end of last caudal vertebra. 


CHTODON ARGENTATUS, new species. 


Dorsal xtv, 22; anal 111,16; scales 44+ 10—33. 

General form subrhomboidal, strongly compressed; head 3.12, 
deeper than long, upper profile nearly straight; depth of body 1.63; 
caudal peduncle shorter than deep, slender, depth 3.00; eye 3.00; 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 40—No. 1822. 
319 


320 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 


snout 2.64, conical; mouth moderate; maxillary 3.42, barely reach- 
ing vertical from anterior nostril; nostrils close to eye, anterior 
nostril larger, circular, provided with a flap posteriorly, posterior 
nostri! elongate, slit-like; interorbital 3.33, very slightly rounded; 
preopercular border smooth except for a few weak denticulations near 
upper angle and on horizontal margin; teeth in bands, long, slender, 
with a slight constriction near tip; peritoneum silvery, with scattered 
dusky spots. 

Scales unequal, those on middle of trunk larger than the others, 
arranged in rows which are very distinct both upward and back- 
ward and downward and backward; 22 transverse rows of scales 
between opercle and end of last vertebra; head, belly, and vertical 


Fig. 1.—CH#TODON ARGENTATUS. (From the type. Natural size.) 


fins finely scaled. Scales subcircular, truncate at base; circuli 
regular in arrangement, those in nuclear area enlarged or absent; 
radial folds on basal portion of scale well developed, about 8 to 14 in 
number; a moderately narrow area along apical margin of scale 
with short radially arranged lines, each composed of a series of cones 
or cone-like structures, slightly hastate in outline, truncate at tip, 
appearing as if the apex of one had pierced the base of the one imme- 
diately in front of it; the terminal cone in each row entire, forming 
the series of spine-like structures along apical margin. 

Dorsal spines long and slender, fourth spine longest, 1.26 in head, 
spines following this graduated backward; membranes of anterior 
spines deeply incised; soft dorsal moderately low, evenly rounded; 
caudal short, obliquely truncate; anal bluntly right-angled, second 


No. 1822. NHW PHILIPPINE FISHES—SMITH AND RADCLIFFE. 321 


and third spines subequal, the second slightly stronger than the 
third; ventrals 1.14, short, tips not reaching vent; pectorals 1.10. 

Color in alcohol: Silvery, tinged with a very pale lemon yellow; 
a narrow black saddle across upper part of interorbital, not reach- 
ing eye; a small black area on upper part of eye and adjacent 
interorbital region; an irregular black saddle from in front of origin 
of dorsal downward across upper part of opercle, duskiness extend- 
ing across upper part of preopercle to posterior margin of eye; 
a black area crossing fifth to ninth dorsal spines and extending 
downward to middle of side; a broad black band including last 
dorsal spine and anterior third of soft dorsal extending downward 
and backward across base of soft dorsal, caudal peduncle and 
posterior third of anal; margin of soft dorsal silvery white, the tips 
of the rays very narrowly edged with black, a narrow inframarginal 
black line below marginal band, area between this and broad black 
band crossing base of fin dusky white; a blackish segment on tips 
of middle caudal rays; anterior to this a similar white band preceded 
by a black crescent fading out on base of fin; anterior two-thirds of 
anal silvery white, posterior third, black; membranes of spines and 
tips of anterior rays black; dusky or blackish lines extending down- 
ward and backward and upward and backward along the rows of 
scales, forming a checker board appearance and emphasizing scale 
arrangement. 

This species resembles C. zanthurus but differs markedly in colora- 
tion, in number of dorsal spines, in smaller scales, and in having the 
rows that extend downward and backward more nearly horizontal. 

Type.—Cat. No. 67353, U.S.N.M., 9.6 cm. in length, from Agojo 
Point, Catanduanes Islands, Pacific coast of Southern Luzon, Philip- 
pine Islands. 

Another example 8.5 cm. in length was taken at Port San Pio V, 
Camaguin Island, north of Luzon. This individual differs slightly in 
coloration from the type; the black markings on body are more pro- 
nounced, the black saddle across interorbital is interrupted on the 
right side, and the black and white markings of caudal are more dis- 
tinct. Color in life: No yellow; pale parts silvery, darker parts 
black. 

HENIOCHUS SINGULARIUS, new species. 

Dorsal x11,25; anal 111,17; scales 11+26—50. 

General shape trapeziform; head 3.31, short, deep, upper profile 
from tip of snout to insertion of dorsal comparatively straight; body 
compressed, elevated, depth 1.45; caudal peduncle half as long as 
deep, depth 2.60; eye 3.75, high, rather small; snout 2.44, short, 
blunt; mouth small, terminal, lips thick and fleshy, concealing teeth; 
maxillary short; nostrils large, the anterior with a well-developed 
fold ending in a flap posteriorly; posterior nostril elongate; inter- 

80796°—Proc. N.M. vol.40—11——21 


322 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


orbital 3.35, raised, somewhat convex; bony projections over eyes 
and on forehead moderately developed; preopercle weakly denticu- 
late; teeth small, close-set; gill membranes narrowly joined to the 
isthmus; peritoneum white. 

Scales moderate, regular in arrangement; lateral line complete, 
moderately arched, parallel with contour of body; about 44 trans- 
verse rows of scales between opercle and base of caudal; vertical fins 
scaled, scaly sheath not extending to tip of dorsal spines, the line of 


Fig. 2.—HENIOCHUS SINGULARIUS. (From the type. Three-fifths natural size.) 


demarcation very distinct; head scaled; lips, upper surface of snout, 
and opercular flap naked. Scales broad, basal margin truncate, apical 
margin rounded; sculpturing of scale like that in Chetodon; cireuli 
numerous; basal radial folds well developed, few in number; hastate 
structures composing radial lines on apical margin very distinct. 
Dorsal fin inserted anteriorly, distance from tip of snout to origin 
of dorsal 2.06 in length; first to third dorsal spines relatively short, 


no. 1822. NHW PHILIPPINE FISHES—SMITH AND RADCLIFFE. 323 


graduated; fourth spine 1.90 in length, long, filiform, provided with 
a broad free membrane extending to tip of spine, other spines except 
last graduated; soft dorsal moderate, not so high as in H. monoceros, 
margin rounded; caudal truncate; anal deep, obtusely angled, spines 
graduated; ventrals 1.14, rounded, short, not reaching vent, their 
base under base of pectorals; pectorals nearly as long as head. 

Color in alcohol: Head and nape encircled by alternating bands of 
black and dusky silvery-white; the first band, jet black in color, 
encircles the mouth and extends backward on snout to anterior nos- 
tril; the second, silvery-white, runs parallel with first and extends 
backward on top of head to bony projections over eyes; the third, 
the black ocular band, about width of eye, crosses forehead, extends 
downward in front of and through anterior seven-eighths of eye, 
meeting its fellow on under surface of head; the fourth, dusky silvery- 
white, covers space between ocular band and base of dorsal and 
extends downward across posterior border of eye and opercular region, 
meeting its fellow on breast, where it widens out to base of ventrals; 
posterior border of opercle black; tips of lips yellowish; trunk pos- 
terior to vertical from insertion of dorsal to base of ventrals, including 
ventrals and anal, black; a lighter area, shading into the black, widest 
ventrally, extends from third to fifth dorsal spines downward and 
backward to base of anal, shading into black coloration of anal rays; 
remainder of dorsal, caudal, posterior portion of caudal peduncle and 
pectoral rays golden yellow; base of pectoral and region below, includ- 
ing ventrals and anal spines, jet black. 

Color in life: Upper portions of silvery bands on head, before 
described, slightly dusky, with a faint brassy wash; first and second 
dorsal spines black; third spine gray, the color continued as a lighter 
band diagonally across the black coloration of trunk to middle of anal; 
centers of scales on darker ventral portions of trunk somewhat pearly 
or purplish margined with darker brown; scales under the posterior 
portion of dorsal black, particularly about margins, the centers with 
a steel bluish area, which becomes smaller toward base of anal; 
dorsal from tip of fifth spine to base of sixth and diagonally along its 
basal edge, including the upper and hinder portion of caudal peduncle, 
and all of cadual fin, cadmium orange; front and posterior margins 
of anal purplish black; base of pectoral, including base of rays and all 
of the scaled portion, blackish, the remainder lemon yellow; ventrals 
black. 

This species resembles H. monoceros, but is readily differentiated 
from it by the form of the body, being slenderer and not so nearly 
circular, the contour lines of dorsal and ventral surfaces rather 
strongly converging posteriorly; by the longer head and straighter 
dorsal outline of head; by the smaller eye; by differences in the aver- 
age number of dorsal and anal rays; by the position of the spinous 


324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


dorsal, its insertion being considerably nearer tip of snout in this 
species, the interspaces between the dorsal spines being normally 
ereater; and by the marked differences in coloration. 

The Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross obtained examples of 
this species from the following localities in the Philippine Archipelago: 
Batan and Rapurapu Islands, Lagonoy Gulf, Luzon; Galvaney and 
Alibijaban Islands, Ragay Gulf, Luzon; Port Dupon, Leyte; Murcie- 
lagos Bay, Mindanao; and Ulugan Bay, near Rita Island, Palawan; 
also from Soo Wan, Formosa; Si Amil Island, eastern Borneo; Binang 
Unang Island, Gulf of Tomini, Celebes; and Gane Road, Gillolo 
Island. 

Type.—Cat. No. 67354, U.S.N.M., 22.8 em. in length, from Alibi- 
jaban Island, Ragay Gulf, Luzon. 


HOLACANTHUS MULTIFASCIATUS, new species. 


Dorsal x111,17; anal 111,16; scales 7 +22 — 46. 

General form elliptical; head 3.25, upper profile steep, nearly 
straight; body compressed, curvature of dorsal and ventral surfaces 
similar, depth 1.55; caudal peduncle short and slender, depth 2.20; 
eye 3.10, rather small; snout 2.75, short and blunt; mouth small, 
terminal; maxillary short; nostrils of moderate size, the anterior 
with a fold ending in a flap posteriorly, the posterior elliptical; inter- 
orbital 3.50, flattened; preorbital armed with several strong, sharp 
denticulations; denticulations on vertical limb of preopercle well 
developed; spine at angle strong, curved, longer than snout, two 
weaker spines on horizontal limb; teeth fine, brush-like, trilobed, 
lateral lobes small; rows of teeth distinct, with well-marked inter- 
spaces; gill-membranes free from isthmus; peritoneum silvery-white. 

Seales regular in arrangement, those on middle of side slightly 
larger than others; 30 transverse rows between opercle and end of 
last vertebra; vertical fins and head finely scaled. Scales sub- 
rhomboidal, strongly ctenoid; circuli fine, regular; basal radial folds 
comparatively few, converging, and extending to nuclear region; 
about 17 to 20 rod-like structures ending in a well-developed spine 
extending from nuclear region to apical margin, characteristically 
different from the sculpturing of the same region on the Chetodon 
scales. 

Dorsal spines slender, curved, fifth slightly longer than others, 1.46; 
membranes of anterior spines deeply incised; soft dorsal higher than 
spinous dorsal, evenly rounded; caudal short, margin rounded; anal 
similar to soft dorsal; anal spines well developed; ventrals 2.65 in 
length, first ray filamentous, its tip reaching base of second anal spine; 
pectorals slightly longer than head. 

Color in aleohol: Dusky cream, crossed by ten seal-brown vertical 
bands of about the same width as the interspaces; first band, the 


no, 1829. NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—SMITH AND RADOLIFFRE. 825 


ocular, slightly narrower than eye, crosses nape in front of dorsal and 
extends downward across base of preopercular spine toward base of 
ventral, fading out on breast; second band extends from first and 
second dorsal spines downward across posterior border of opercle and 
base of pectoral, traces of it reaching behind base of ventrals; third 
to eighth cross-bands have their origin on spinous dorsal, seventh and 
eighth crossing anterior basal portion of soft dorsal, thence extending 
downward across base of anal; ninth band crosses tips of last two 
dorsal spines, extends across middle of soft dorsal rays, anterior part 
of caudal peduncle, and middle of anal rays; tenth band crosses 
upper third of soft dorsal, base of caudal peduncle, and posterior third 
of anal; traces of another band crossing tips of soft dorsal rays, base 


Siew 
SON 
SS 
=a 


a! 
as 
SESS 


SSR os 
SOS 


> 
= 
2s 


POS 


PSs 


: aes re: f vy ‘ 
RO RRS 


Si 

ey 
PAV YY) 
<< memeraet 


Fig. 3.—HOLACANTHUS MULTIFASCIATUS. (From the type. Natural size.) 


of caudal, and tips of anal rays; the body bands are widest at top; 
those on lower part of anal faded to yellowish-white (orange in life); 
a short median stripe on top of head, widest between eyes; traces of a 
dusky-brown circumoral band; caudal crossed by five. bands, the 
first complete, the second with asingle interruption, the others com- 
posed of a series of brown blotches, those nearest tip least distinct; 
anal spines white; ventrals white; pectorals dusky. 

Color in life of an individual from Mabul Island (7.2 cm. long): 
Ground color pearl gray, paler below, crossed by ten dark brown 
bands merging into orange ventrally, bands slightly wider above than 
below, slightly narrower than eye in widest part and about equal to 
interspaces; the first, the ocular band, becomes orange below eye; 
an orange circumoral ring; snout and chin dusky; a short brown 
stripe between eyes; a black blotch near middle of brown margin of 


326 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40, 


soft dorsal; bands on anal mostly orange; ventrals cadmium yellow, 
produced tip white; pectorals hyaline. 

This species has characters intermediate between the subgenera 
Chetodontoplus Bleeker and Centropyge Kaup. It has the form of 
body and fins of the former and the larger scales of the latter. 

The collection contains examples of this species from Port Galera, 
Mindoro; Romblon Harbor, Romblon Island; Mabul Island, Borneo; 
Buka, Dodepo, Pasejogo, and Binang Unang Islands, Gulf of Tomini, 
Celebes; Uki, Bouro Island, and Talisse Island, Dutch East Indies. 

Type.—Cat. No. 67355, U.S.N.M., 9.3 cm. in length, from Port 
Galera, Mindoro. 


THE RECENT AND FOSSIL MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS 
CERITHIOPSIS FROM THE WEST COAST OF AMERICA. 


By Pau Bartscu, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Mollusks, U. S. National Museum. 


The first Cerithiopsis known from the west coast of America was 
reported by Alcide D’Orbigny in 1840 from Peru.! This was fol- 
lowed twelve years later by two additional species, discovered by 
Prof. C. B. Adams at Panama and described as Cerithium neglectum 
C. B. Adams and Triforis infrequens C. B. Adams. ? 

In 1857 Dr. P. P. Carpenter published that part of his Catalogue 
of Mazatlan Shells which deals with the members of this genus, citing 
the following species: 


tuberculoides Carpenter. sorex Carpenter. 
tuberculoides albonodosa Carpenter. convexa Carpenter. 
cerea Carpenter. ; decussata Carpenter. 
puprformis Carpenter. assimilata C. B. Adams. 


Of these, C. convexa is now placed in the genus Metaxia. C.decussata 
is a Bittiwm, and Cerithiopsis assimilata Carpenter = Cerithium 
assimilatum C. B. Adams must be referred to the genus Seila. 

In 1865 Doctor Carpenter described Cerithiopsis intercalaria* and 
at the same time referred Cerithium bimarginatum C. B. Adams to this 
genus. At present both of these species are placed in the genus 
Eumeta. In the Supplementary Report on the Present State of Our 
Knowledge with Regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast of America‘ 
Doctor Carpenter published a terse diagnosis of the following species: 

Cerithiopsis columna. Cerithiopsis purpurea. 
Cerithiopsis munita. Cerithiopsis fortior. 

All of these were later more fully described. Three of them, 
C. munita, C. purpurea, and C. fortior, are now placed in the genus 
Bittium. In 1867 De Folin added another species,> Cerithium 
destrugesi, which may not belong to our fauna, as the locality is cited 
as Panama or Negritos Island. 


1 Voy. Amer. Merid., p. 443, pl. 77, figs. 9-10. 

2 Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. of N. Y., 1852, pp. 379-80. 

3 Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 281. 

‘Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. for 1863, published in 1864. 
5 Les Meleagrinicoles, p. 71, pl. 6, fig. 12. 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1823. 
327 


328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


After this no additions were made for seventeen years, when Dr. 
W.H. Dall described Cerithiopsis steynegert, from Alaska.‘ ‘Two years 
later the same author added another species,? also from Alaska, under 
the name Cerithiopsis stejnegert truncata. 

After another lapse of seventeen years we find another species 
added to our list, this time a fossil described as Bittiwm williamsoni 
by Dr. Ralph Arnold,? from the Pleistocene beds of San Pedro and San 
Diego, California. Five years later the present writer described:* | 

Bittuum tumidum. Cerithiopsis cosmia. 
Bittuum quadrifilatum ingens. Cerithiopsis pedroana. 
the first two of which must be referred to the present genus. Since 
then Doctor Dall has added Cerithiopsis excelsus,> and the present 
writer described Cerithiopsis stephense.® 

The nuclear characters of the species studied are quite interesting 
and can be used to advantage in subdividing the genus into minor 
groups. Unfortunately, twenty of the forty-five forms under consid- 
eration have lost these early turns, which leaves a rather large per- 
centage in an uncertain position. 

Of the twenty-five species in which the nuclear whorls are known, 
eighteen belong to Cerithiopsis proper, having smooth nuclear whorls. 
These are: 


fatua Bartsch. abreojosensis Bartsch. 
oxys Bartsch. berry Bartsch. 

cerea Carpenter. galapagensis Bartsch. 
sorex Carpenter. cesta Bartsch. 
carpenter Bartsch. steynegert Dall. 
pedroana Bartsch. steynegert dina Bartsch. 
tuberculoides Carpenter. neglecta C. B. Adams. 
tuberculoides albonodosa Carpenter. alia Bartsch. * 
pupiformis Carpenter. aurea Bartsch. 


Two species have the early portion of the nuclear whorls smooth 
and the later part axially ribbed; for these I would suggest the sub- 
generic name Cerithiopsina. The two species are Cerithiopsis 
(Cerithiopsina) necropolitana Bartsch and Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsina) 
adamsi Bartsch. The first of these may be considered the type. 

Two species have the early portion of the nuclear whorls smooth, 
which is succeeded by an axially ribbed part, which in turn is fol- 
lowed by a portion bearing two spiral cords in addition to the axial 
ribs. The last ornamentation resembles the sculpture of the early 
post-nuclear whorls, but is less strong, with many more axial ribs 

1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 7, 1884, pp. 345-6, pl. 2, fig. 4. 

2 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 9, 1886, p. 304, pl. 4, fig. 5. 

’ Mem. California Acad. Sci., vol. 3, 1903, p. 295, pl. 6, fig. 11. 
4 Proc: U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, pp. 79-82. 


6 Prof. Paper No. 59, U.S. Geol. Surv., 1909, p. 75. 
6 Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.. vol. 37, 1909, pp. 399-400 and figure. 


no. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 329 


than are present on the early post-nuclear turns. To this group I 
would apply the subgeneric name Cerithiopsida. The two species are 
Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsida) diegensis Bartsch, which may be consid- 
ered the type of the subgenus, and Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsida) 
rowelli Bartsch. 

A fourth group, consisting of three species, has the early portion of 
the nuclear turns smooth; the rest finely, axially ribbed, with the 
intercostal spaces finely, spirally lirate. For these I would suggest 
the subgenus Cerithiopsidella, with Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsidella) 
cosmia Bartsch as type. The other two species are Cerithiopsis 
(Cerithiopsidella) anteflosa Bartsch and Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsidella) 
alcima Bartsch. 

The species in which the nuclear whorls are unknown are: 


excelsa Dall. antemunda Bartsch. 
curtata Bartsch. diomedeae Bartsch. 
fossilis Bartsch. williamsont Arnold. 
gloriosa Bartsch. truncata Dall. 

columna Carpenter. stephensae Bartsch. 
enfrequens C. B. Adams. montereyensis Bartsch. 
paramoea Bartsch. ingens Bartsch. 
arnoldi Bartsch. tumida Bartsch. 
bicolor Bartsch. peruviana D’Orbigny. 
magellanica Bartsch. destrugesi De Folin. 


Only five of the forty-four known species are fossils, and none, as 
far as known, occur both recent and fossil. Of these five, two have 
their nuclear characters well preserved and thus enable us to assign 
them to their proper positions. These are Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) 
fatua Bartsch and Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsina) necropolitana Bartsch. 
Both of these are from the Pleistocene of San Pedro, California. The 
other three species without the nuclear characters are Cerithiopsis 
excelsa Dall, from the Eocene of Oregon; Cerithiopsis fossilis Bartsch 
and Cerithiopsis williamsont Arnold, from the Pleistocene of San 
Pedro, California. 

It is hoped that the present paper may stimulate the west American 
collectors to be on the lookout for these charming little shells, and 
that their efforts will result in a speedy elimination of the species now 
referred to an uncertain position.! 


1In the preparation of the present diagnoses the following terminology is used: 

“Axial sculpture,’ the markings which extend from the summit of the whorls toward the umbilicus. 
The axial sculpture may be— 

“Vertical,’’ when the markings are in general parallelism with the axis of the shell. 

“ Protractive,” when the markings slant forward from the preceding suture. 

“‘Retractive,’? when the markings slant backward from the suture. 

“Spiral sculpture,” the markings following the directions of the coils of the whorls. 


oo0 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


KEY TO THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS.! 


Shell with warlces 222 52 ae aS Ee ee ae ete 
Shell without varices. 
Spiral cords between the sutures three. 
Spiral cord at summit equal to the others in strength. 
Sutures strongly channeled. 
Shell of medium size, less than 6.5 mm. long........................ fatua. 
Shell minute; adult less than 4 mm. long. 
Base with two spiral cords. 


Shell elongate-coniess. s.o25¢ ese Sie ea Rs Eels Se ee oxys. 

Shell clongate-ovates32 222430 soe ees soe ee 0 oe eee curtata. 
Base with more than two spiral cords. 

Spiral cords/of base three. - 53550 css 220 hee oe ee oe cerea. 

Spitalvcords:or base mine... 2 oki ones Sk vec eee . -Ueonen 


Sutures not channeled. 
Whorls shouldered at the summit 
Base with strong spiral cords. 
Shell large; adult more than 7 mm. long. 
Spaces inclosed between axial ribs and spiral cords on the spire, large 
squarish pits. 
Base with a strong keel next to peripheral keel........-..-- fossilis. 
Base with no strong keel next to peripheral keel........... gloriosa. 
Spaces inclosed between axial ribs and spiral cords on the spire, small 
round pits. 
Peripheral keel completely exposed in the suture in adult shells, 


bia aac oe See seis c cs Bed oo Se ee ee columna. 
Peripheral keel never completely exposed in the suture in adult 
shell. 
Basalcords'three,; strone-< -2 ss. cs08 eee sn) ee eee cosmid. 
Basal cord single, feeble... ... Se eee carpentert. 
Shell smaller. 
Adult between 3 and 5 mm. long. 
Basal cord bread and round. 
Axial nbsjon last. whorl abouti3224 52 e045. eee eee pedroana. 
Axaal ibs onllastiwhorltapouty2 0 seme sess sence tuberculoides. 
Basal cords sublamellar. 
Adultilessthan's mm long ss3,28 SES i Ee eee infrequens. 
Sihelltstouiti gees <2 hd sie BAS i a oe Ie ee pupiformis. 
Shell slender. Moo eee crete te enantio ont abreojosensis. 
Base with feeble sculpture only. 
Basal fasciole present. : 
Base with a single fasciole (encircling the columella) only. 
Shellubroadiyvieloneate-conicsesesas-- se eae ee ees nee paramoea. 
Shell slender-eloneate-conic 4 seyse 7) ate eee eee necropolitana. 
Base with more cords than a single fasciole..........--..-.--..- arnoldi, 
Basal fasciole absent. 
Whorls not shouldered at the summit..................... magellanica cesta. 
Spiral cord at summit weaker than the rest. 
Sutures strongly channeled. 
Shell robust. 
Basal keels strong coz. 5-0ke ddan seer ee eee Si eee = eee berryt. 


1Since so many of the species under discussion lack the nucleus, it was deemed advisable to treat the 
genus as a unit and ignore the subgeneric division in this key, by utilizing characters present on the post- 
nuclear whorls only. 


No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. Sou 


Basal keel obsolete. 


paemta Mors Petractnvels 6.6 eet ayer twuee ts YF OB iN antemunda. 
AERA TLDS: PFOUACEINOs  aees ais a's Ms ay = a8 taupe S Pees 8 diomedex. 
ite MEV eryvaslomaer- = cn neaee tm en ws 9 Nae ee eme © eos ieee galapagensis. 


Sutures not channeled. 
Tubercles of middle keel truncated on both posterior and anterior margin. 
Axial ribs and spiral cords inclosing strong, squarish pits. 
Base with two strong keels. 


Adult shellimore than’ 5mm), long. 2235-22. 2.-4222e02-4asos0 alcima. 
Adult shelltess thom.3symm- longsss..e28.. sseess.. soe williamsoni. 
Base with a feeble fasciole only......... Fe pe hes, aR See ee truncata. 
Axial ribs and spiral cords inclosing rounded pits. 
NS} OU eH LR G{0) 0 Fats) (23010 (2) an ee a ee ee - ee cesta, 
Spiral cords very broad. 
Shell veryelonpate-comie. 3.5.4.5 6.) 2 ae os cea ee ee eee stephense. 
Shell broadly conic. 
Adult. shell lessithanG mm’ longisc. 22222... 4222.0. 252 stejnegert. 
Ault shetancre; than, 7 mam-slome ssa is oy ee a Se s. dina. 


Tubercles of middle keel not truncated on both posterior and anterior 
margin. Tubercles of middle keel truncated on posterior margin only. 


Base: marked by a slender fasciole only... ..:.-.-.2-2--+:--..<: rowelli. 
Base marked by spiral cords. 
Spiral cords of base threes.) s gece i= eleis 3 eg cpaensh ee =e 8 antefilosa. 
Spiralicordsiol base twOs...3-<saessss-c ese e gee ns -- aG< te a neglecta, 
Tubercles of middle keel not frane wed. 
Whorls strongly, slopingly shouldered at the summit...........- halia. 


Whorls not slopingly shouldered at the summit. 
Shell robust. 


Base with a single keel at the periphery..............-...- dieger sis. 
Base with three keels near the periphery.........--- montereyensis. 
Sholl slender and ;minutes<< 2.46 - <1 oreisiesae ees 352 cceelewe nee adamst. 


Spiral cords between the sutures four. 
Shell very large; adult more than 12 mm. long. 
imtercalated cordstabsent or-very fine: S22 2.0220 Stk ek Ltn. Jangens> 
Shell smaller; adult less than 7 mm. long. 
Spiral cords wider than the spaces which separate them. 


phellxelongate-comicaya. 325 NaS sae fe eRe RNY 2 ns i ee tumida. 

shollielongate-ovadtessassscne 4 Shas es eee Soe cece eames aces peruviana. 
Spiral cords narrower than the spaces which separate them. 

Mp MAMCORds subequal asses os. Oke 2s ke RCL ee eee Pie ahs teh 8 aurea. 

Spiralicords decidedly unequal s-2. 5 s[2s eis ee Teh ne adestmugesi: 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) FATUA, new species. 


Plate 36, fig. 5. 


Shell very efongate-conic, creamy white. Nuclear whorls three, 
strongly rounded, separated by well marked sutures, forming a slen- 
der, regular spire. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, separated by a 
deeply channeled suture, ornamented with three nodulose, spiral 
cords one of which is at the summit, the third immediately above the 
periphery, while the second is median between the two. These cords 
are a little wider than the spaces which separate them. In addition 
to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by retractive, axial 


332 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 


ribs which are as strong as the spiral cords and render the junctions 
with these nodulose. Of these ribs 16 occur upon the first to fifth, 
18 upon the sixth, 20 upon the seventh, and 22 upon the penultimate 
turn. The spaces inclosed between the axial ribs and spiral cords 
appear.as strongly impressed, rounded pits. The tubercles are 
slightly truncated posteriorly, sloping gently anteriorly. Periphery 
of the last whorl marked by a channel like those occurring between 
the spiral cords on the spire and like them crossed by the continua- 
tions of the axial ribs. Base rather long, well rounded, free from 
sculpture excepting very fine, incremental lines. Aperture regularly 
ovoid, strongly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse, outer 
lip thin, rendered wavy by the external sculpture; columella stout, 
decidedly curved and somewhat twisted, projecting considerably 
beyond the anterior margin of the outer lip. 

The type and seven specimens (Cat. No. 195194, U.S.N.M.) come . 
from the Lower Pleistocene (Lower San Pedro Series), Deadmans 
Island, California. The type has twelve whorls and measures: 
Length 6 mm., diameter 1.6 mm. 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) OXYS, new species. 
Plate 36, fig. 2. 


Shell minute, elongate-conic, dark brown. Nuclear whorls almost 
four, forming a slender, elongate-conic spire, having the whorls well 
rounded. Post-nuclear whor!s well rounded, separated by a strongly 
channeled suture, marked by three equally strong, spiral cords, the 
first of which is at the summit, the third slightly above the periphery, 
while the second is median between these two. In addition to the 
spiral cords, the whorls are marked by vertical, axial ribs, almost as 
strong as the spiral cords. Of these ribs, 16 occur upon the first, 
20 upon the second, 18 upon the third to fifth, and 24 upon the 
penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords 
form strong tubercles of which those of the posterior cord are rounded 
while the other two are truncated posteriorly and slope gently ante- 
riorly, while the spaces inclosed between the spiral cords and axial 
ribs are strongly impressed, rounded pits. Periphery of the last 
whorl marked by a strong cord which is feebly nodulose and separated 
from the tuberculate keel posterior to it by a channel as wide as those 
occurring on the spire; this channel is marked by the continuations 
of the axial ribs. Base moderately long, marked by a strong, spiral 
cord about halfway between the peripheral cord and the insertion of 
the columella, the spaces which separate it from the peripheral cord 
on one side and from the columella on the other, appearing as deep, 
rounded channels. Aperture rather small, irregularly ovate, very 
strongly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip ren- 


No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 88383 


dered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella very stout, twisted 
revolute, and reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. 

The type and another specimen (Cat. No. 106505, U.S.N.M.) come 
from Point Abreojos, Lower California. The type has seven post- 
nuclear whorls and measures: Length 3.3 mm., diameter 1.2 mm. 
Two additional specimens (Cat. No. 195181, U.S.N.M.) come from 
San Pedro Bay, California. 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) CEREA Carpenter. 
Plate 37, fig. 6. 
Cerithiopsis cerea CARPENTER, Cat. Maz. Shells, 1857, p. 443. 


Shell small, broadly conic, semitransparent, light horn-color. 
Nuclear whorls well rounded. Post-nuclear whorls separated by a 
strongly channeled suture, marked by three spiral cords, the first of 
which is a little anterior to the summit, the second median, and the 
third a little posterior to the suture. In addition to the spiral cords, 
the whorls are marked by axial ribs which equal the spiral cords in 
strength. Of these ribs, 12 occur upon the first to third, 14 upon the 
fifth and sixth, and 22 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of 
the spiral cords and the axial ribs form prominent tubercles, while 
the spaces inclosed between them are elongated, oval pits on the early 
whorls, having their long axes parallel to the spiral sculpture. On 
the last volution they are rounded. Periphery of the last whorl 
marked by a strong channel. Base moderately long, well rounded, 
marked by three strong, spiral keels, of which the first is immediately 
below the peripheral sulcus, and the second halfway between this 
and the cord which surrounds the insertion of the columella. In 
addition to the spiral cords, the base is marked by numerous, fine 
incremental lines. Aperture irregular, very strongly channeled ante- 
riorly; posterior angle obtuse; edge of outer lip rendered sinuous by 
the external sculpture; columella moderately long, twisted, with the 
edge reflected. 

Doctor Carpenter’s type is on Tablet No. 2030, Liverpool collection, 
British Museum, and was collected on Spondylus at Mazatlan. It 
has seven post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 2.4 mm., 
diameter 1 mm. 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) SOREX Carpenter. 
Plate 37, fig. 2. 
Cerithiopsis sorer CARPENTER, Cat. Maz. Shells, 1857, p. 444. 
Shell minute, pupiform. Nuclear whorls three, smooth, well 
rounded, forming a slender, mucronate apex. The first three post- 


nuclear whorls increasing very rapidly in size, well rounded, orna- 
mented with three spiral cords, of which the first is a little anterior 


334 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


to the summit, the second median, and the third a little posterior to 
the suture. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked 
by retractive axial ribs which are almost as strong as the spiral 
cords. Of these ribs, 16 occur upon the second, 18 upon the third, 
and 20 upon the penultimate whorl. The junctions of the axial ribs 
and the spiral cords form prominent tubercles, while the spaces 
inclosed between them are elongated pits on the second whorl and 
well-rounded, well-impressed pits on the remaining ones. Sutures 
channeled. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a deep sulcus 
which is crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs which extend 
to the posterior edge of the first basal cord. Base moderately long, 
concave in the middle, marked by eight low, rounded, subequally 
spaced, spiral cords, which grow successively weaker from the periph- 
ery toward the tip of the columella. Aperture irregular, decidedly 
channeled anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip rendered 
sinuous at the edge by the external sculpture; columella moderately 
long, twisted, the edge reflected, and joined to the posterior angle of 
the aperture by a strong callus which covers the parietal wall. 

The type, which is on Tablet No. 2032, Liverpool collection, British 
Museum, has five post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 1.6 mm., 
diameter 0.7 mm. It and three additional specimens were found on 
Spondylus at Mazatlan. 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) CARPENTERI, new species. 
Plate 38, fig. 9. 


Shell broadly elongate-conic, dark chocolate brown. Nuclear 
whorls three, smooth, well rounded, separated by a slender suture, 
forming an elongate-conic spire. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, 
marked by three strong, broad, spiral bands which are as wide as the 
spaces that separate them. Of these, the first and widest is at the 
summit, the next is median, while the third is a little posterior to the 
suture. In addition to the spiral keels, the whorls are marked by 
slender, rounded, axial ribs which are about half as wide as the spiral 
cords. Of these ribs, 20 occur upon the first and second, 22 upon the 
third to fifth, 24 upon the sixth and seventh, 28 upon the eighth, and 
30 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and 
spiral cords form strong, elongated tubercles, having their long axes 
parallel with the axial sculpture. The tubercles at the summit are 
well rounded anteriorly and posteriorly; those of the median series are 
a little more suddenly rounded anteriorly than posteriorly; while those 
belonging to the supraperipheral cord are truncated suddenly pos- 
teriorly and slope gently anteriorly. The spaces between the spiral 
cords and axial ribs are small, moderately rounded, well-impressed 
pits. Suture constricted, showing a portion of the basal cord. 
Periphery of the last whorl marked by a deep, spiral groove as wide as 


No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. Sa0 


that separating the first supraperipheral cord from the median spiral 
cord and, like it, crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs. Base 
short, well rounded, marked by a broad, spiral cord which is truncated 
posteriorly and slopes gently anteriorly toward the shallow, well- 
marked groove which separates it from the base proper. Entire sur- 
face of spire and base marked by numerous, very slender, incremental 
lines. Aperture irregularly oval, very strongly channeled anteriorly; 
posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture 
within, rendered decidedly sinuous at the edge by the external sculp- 
ture; columella stout, moderately long, the edge reflected; parietal 
wall glazed with a thin callus. 

The above description is based upon the two cotypes which, together 
with 130 specimens, are registered as Cat. No. 109510, U.S.N.M., and 
come from Terminal Island, California. One of these specimens is a 
young individual consisting of the three nuclear whorls and six post- 
nuclear whorls; the other is an adult which has lost the nuclear whorls 
and has ten post-nuclear whorls which measure: Length 8.1 mm., 
diameter 2.8 mm. 

Named for the late Dr. Philip P. Carpenter. 


Specimens examined. 


Catalogue ah Number of 

No. Locality 5 specimens. 
POH OR herminalalslands Calitornianeaseceemene cas eric ccc ticle aenieeee 132 
109511 |..... OE oe ans Se ee ere ees Le od coh hoe poesia 1 
UFBOSS Hl speisteys Oe eee ete eer oe ere ear Stan in a fern maze mteyate te nioes Wate arcle uveicinre tae 21 
foli2ou| pooner GdrO.\Califormineysss secee an ee ere a ee a te aye ee 1 
195178 | White’s Point, pan) PedrosBay. | Califormiae ss) sos" see 55 eee 2 
152758 | Alamitos Bay, California 35 
159330 | San apes California 5 
1B GY (a Ba (Been ee eas 3 
Pit5653'||---<< a ices jayeteie etry Sere Tole teva oie ate ae yayetheiee 1 
1130584 | San Diego, California (on sponge) 4 
6005) |iSaneD legos California sears eee oe eee eee eee na 17 
S221 98 emacs LORS er ears treteysiretyoisreis efeeiemietieraiatete minis eels ine arenes ere cis 15 
S228 ie leeniee (CR ORB AME SRR E CORO ene Fees aE eerie cian Ten en PAD ae Dnean, © en S 114 
130315) Halse Bay, isan iero) (California: 7." - 5 28ee ss 22 et eee 1 

3566 | San Diego Bay, California (3 fathoms, sand and shell bottom, 

bottom temperature ss) ee see scmcectseee cee cote eee eee ee 1 
S2c20h| aly Diero. Californinese. yam memcmec see vee ee eee ae Denne 48 
56006 |..... GOR Seon ete oa enc k ric en Serco ac einmeiameteeion 18 


123401 | San Diego, California (living on sponges)............0..-.....- 


1 Cotypes. 
CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) PEDROANA Bartsch. 
Plate 38, fig. 2. 
Cerithiopsis pedroana Bartscu, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, pp. 181-182. 


Shell small, slender, dark brown. Nuclear whorls three, yellowish- 
white, smooth. Post-nuclear whorls strongly differentiated from the 
nuclear ones, showing the sculpture characteristic of the adult shell 
from the very beginning. This sculpture consists of three equally 
spaced tuberculate spiral keels between the sutures, the posterior one 
of which is slightly smaller than the other two. These keels are sepa- 


“836 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 


rated by deep, rounded channels almost as wide as the keel. In addi- 
tion there are many low, rather broad axial ribs, the intersections of 
which with the keel form the tubercles. About 20 of them occur upon 
the first, 22 upon the fifth, and 30 upon the penultimate post-nuclear 
turn. The connections between the tubercles, both spiral and axial,| 
are about equal, inclosing deep, squarish pits. In addition to the 
above sculpture the entire surface is marked by fine spiral lines and 
lines of growth. Sutures strongly marked, constricted, showing the 
peripheral keel in the later whorl. Periphery marked by a broad, 
low, rounded keel. Another of equal width is located upon the middle 
of the base. The sulcus which separates these keels and the supra- 
peripheral sulcus are of equal width; both are crossed by the weak 
continuations of the axial ribs, which gradually weaken as they pass 
toward the columella. The basal keel is separated from the columella 
by broad, shallow grooves. Aperture irregularly oval, decidedly 
channeled anteriorly, outer lip thin, rendered sinuous by the external 
keel; columella stout and somewhat twisted, with a strong callus on its. 
inner edge that extends over the parietal wall. 

The two cotypes, Cat. No. 109512, U.S.N.M., were collected by Mrs.’ 
W. H. Eshnaur at Terminal Island, San Pedro, California. The one 
has the nucleus and three post-nuclear whorls; the other has lost the 
nucleus and has nine post-nuclear turns and measures: Length 5.2 
mm., diameter 1.8 mm. 


Specimens examined. 


Catalogue cases Number of 

No. Locality. specimens. 
D512) ti herminaltsiand |Califormiaesssn-on ees see eee eee eae eee eee 350 
56751 Catalina) Tsland: (Californians. 222 ae ee ee eee eee 1 
TOSI OF 9] (Sanveedro, Califonmintsecsie. eee eee Heat eee eee 3 
14825; 4b. os 6 Lo |e er Re pete Cn ee ye Rea Rae pee tee eres eT Ney eB 1 
195180 | White’s Point, San Pedro, California.............--.---------- 1 
737250 |. saneedro; Califormiau., ot oeeteee eer atte ee cee eee eee 1 
1305847): "San Diego}; Calitormiayss -2 Seek Saten seek oes a eee 9 
SEPA A Sees GOS ee Scns eee ee Ante eel Sete ee ES ot tere ae ee ere 40 
322200) ji\peeee (0 Yat An Page ce al Seta a) Ee a AIM ee enc Sec Pa A 13 
56006@ |-..-- (6 (0 ener ee ely ey See mea eprint a aah 3 
P2840 eee GO csi ce ees ee ae See et scien oes 6 
109864 |...-.. (0 a ae sn nee rae See MEER ie Bea SEDO mM ree rc il 
LOSUA9# cies. (6 (0 See ee eres ee Aa ie See ooem a Gemno men boos 1 
153058 | Government Jetty, San Diego, California............-..--...-- 7 
106504 Point Abreojos, Lower California............-.-- aS a RA eee 1 
32292 | Todos Santos Bay, Lower California........-.---.----..------ 1 


1 Cotypes. 
CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) TUBERCULOIDES Carpenter. 
Plate 3% figs 7. 


Cerithiopsis tuberculoides CARPENTER, Cat. Maz. Shells, 1857, pp. 442-443. 


Shell elongate-conic. Nuclear whorls five, well rounded, smooth, 
separated by a moderately constricted suture forming a well elevated 
spire. Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, ornamented with 


no. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 3387 


three spiral cords of which the first is a little below the summit, the 
second median and the third a little posterior to the suture. These 
cords are separated by spaces a little wider than the cords. In addi- 
tion to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by decidedly 
retractive, axial ribs which are about as strong as the spiral cords. 
Of these ribs, 12 occur upon the first and second, 14 upon the third, 
18 upon the fourth, and 20 upon the penultimate whorl. The 
junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form well rounded tuber- 
cles, while the spaces enclosed between them are deep, rounded pits. 
Sutures moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked 
with a strong, smooth, spiral cord which is separated from the first 
supraperipheral cord by a channel as wide as that which separates 
the supraperipheral cord from the median and, like it, is crossed by 
the continuations of the axial ribs, which extend to the posterior 
edge of the peripheral cord. Base moderately long, well rounded, 
marked by two broad rounded, spiral cords. Aperture irregularly 
oval, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer 
lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella curved, 
twisted, the edge reflected; parietal wall covered with a thick callus. 

Nine specimens of this species were reported by Doctor Carpenter 
taken from Spondylus and Chama at Mazatlan. The cotypes are on 
Tablet 2028, Liverpool collection, British Museum. The larger, a 
perfect specimen with seven post-nuclear whorls, measures: Length 
3.75 mm., diameter 1.2 mm. Our figure is after a camera lucida 
sketch of the type by Doctor Carpenter. 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) TUBERCULOIDES, var. ALBONODOSA Carpenter. 
Plate 37, fig. 3. 


Cerithiopsis ? tuberculoides albonodosa CARPENTER, Cat. Maz. Shells, 1857, p. 443. 


Of this Doctor Carpenter says: 


Shell similar to tuberculoides with the tubercles more distant and white. Nuclear 
whorls four, less elevated and subcarinate. 


Tablet 2029, Liverpool collection, British Museum, contains a 
young shell and a fragment of an adult shell taken from Spondylus 
at Mazatlan, Mexico. 

Our figure is after a camera lucida sketch of the type by Doctor 
Carpenter. 

CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) PUPIFORMIS Carpenter. 
Plate 38, figs. 1 and 5. 


Cerithiopsis pupiformis CARPENTER, Cat. Maz. Shells, 1857, pp. 443-444. 


Shell minute, elongate-conic, brown. Nuclear whorls four, smooth, 
separated by a constricted suture forming a mucronate apex. Post- 
nuclear whorls marked by three spiral cords of which the first is at 

80796°—Proc. N.M. vol. 40—11——22 


338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. 


the summit, the third immediately posterior to the suture, while the 
second is half way between these two. These cords are a little 
wider than the spaces that separate them. In addition to the spiral 
cords, the whorls are marked by somewhat retractive, axial ribs a 
little less strong than the spiral cords. Of these 20 occur upon the 
second, 22 upon the third and fourth, and 24 upon the penultimate 
turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form well 
rounded tubercles, while the spaces between them are small rounded 
pits. Sutures well impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked 
by a deep spiral sulcus. Base moderately long with two tumid, 
broad, rounded, spiral cords. Aperture irregularly oval, decidedly 
channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered 
sinuous by the external sculpture; columella curved and twisted, 
with the edge reflected; parietal wall covered with a thick callus. ° 

Tablet 2031, Liverpool collection, British Museum, contains Doctor 
Carpenter’s two cotypes which were collected on Spondylus at Mazat- 
lan, Mexico. The largest of these cotypes measures: Length 1.9 mm., 
diameter 0.8 mm. Our figure is after a camera lucida drawing by 
Doctor Carpenter of the type. 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) ABREOJOSENSIS, new species. 


Plate 37, fig. 4. 


Shell minute, elongate-conic, brown, excepting the nuclear whorls 
which are white. Nuclear whorls four and one-half, well rounded, 
smooth, separated by a moderately constricted suture, forming an 
elevated, cylindric spire which gives the apex of the shell a mucronate 
appearance. Post-nuclear whorls very slightly rounded, ornamented 
by three spiral cords, the first of which is at the summit, the second 
at the anterior termination of the posterior third between the sutures, 
while the last is considerably posterior to the suture. The median 
cord, therefore, is much nearer the cord at the summit than that at 
the suture. In addition to these spiral cords, the whorls are marked 
by very slightly retractive, axial ribs which are almost as strong as 
the spiral cords. Of these ribs 16 occur upon all but the penultimate 
turn, which has 18. The junctions of the axial ribs and the spiral 
cords form well rounded tubercles, while the spaces enclosed between 
them are elongated slits between the first and second spiral cords 
and elongated, almost squarish pits between the median and the 
peripheral cord. Sutures strongly constricted. Periphery of the last 
whorl marked by a spiral sulcus as wide as that which separates the 
supraperipheral cord from the median cord between the sutures, and 
crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs. Base moderately 
long, marked by two strong, spiral cords, one of which is immediately 
below the periphery, while the other is a little posterior to the middle 
of the base, the two being separated by a channel equaling the periph- 


no. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 839 


eral one in width. In addition to the above sculpture, the base is 
marked by weak incremental lines. Aperture irregularly ovate, 
very strongly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip 
thin, rendered somewhat sinuous by the external sculpture; columella 
stout, curved, and somewhat twisted, the edge reflected; parietal 
wall glazed with a thick callus. 

The type (Cat. No. 106506, U.S.N.M.) comes from Point Abreojos, 
Lower California. It has six post-nuclear whorls and measures: 
Length 2.3 mm., diameter 0.8 mm. 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) BERRYI, new species. 


Plate 39, fig. 8. 


Shell small, elongate-conic, brown. Nuclear whorls four, well 
rounded, separated by constricted sutures, smooth, forming a mucro- 
nate apex to the shell. Post-nuclear whorls strongly sculptured, 
having three spiral cords between the sutures, of which the one at 
the summit is much smaller than the rest on the early whorls; the 
other two are subequal in strength, the second one being close to the 
one at the summit, while the third is almost halfway between the 
second and the suture. On the last whorl, the cord at the summit is 
almost equal to the other two. In addition to the spiral sculpture, 
the whorls are marked by vertical axial ribs which are stronger than 
the spiral cords. Of these ribs, 12 occur upon the second, 16 upon the 
third to fifth, 18 upon the sixth, and 20 upon the penultimate turn. 
The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form strong tubercles, 
which are truncated posteriorly and slope gently anteriorly. The 
spaces inclosed between them are elongated, narrow pits between 
the first and second spiral cords on the early whorls, while on the last 
they are squarish pits in this region. The spaces between the median 
and supraperipheral cord are strongly impressed, large, squarish pits 
on all the whorls. Sutures strongly channeled. Periphery of the 
last whorl marked by a broad sulcus, equaling that which separates 
the supraperipheral from the median cord, crossed by the continua- 
tions of the axial ribs. Base marked by a strong, broad, rounded 
cord immediately below the periphery and a second less strong on its 
middle, while a slender thread encircles the insertion of the columella. 
In addition to this sculpture, the base is marked by strong, incre- 
mental lines. Aperture irregularly oval, decidedly channeled ante- 
riorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external 
sculpture within, rendered sinuous at the edge by the external sculp- 
ture; columella stout, curved, strongly twisted, with the edge reflected: 
parietal wall glazed with a thick callus. 

The type and two additional specimens (Cat. No. 195182, U.S.N.M.) 
were dredged by Mr. 8. S. Berry in 12 fathoms off Del Monte, Monte- 
rey, California. The type has lost the nucleus, the eight post-nuclear 


340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


whorls measuring: Length 3.4 mm., diameter 1.3 mm. The nucleus 
was described from one of four specimens (Cat. No. 195198a, 
U.S.N.M.) from Whites Point, San Pedro, California. Cat. No. 
195183, U.S.N.M., contains seven specimens from Monterey, and 
Cat. No. 195184, U.S.N.M., contains four specimens from San Pedro 
Bay, California. 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) GALAPAGENSIS, new species. 
Plate 39, fig. 4. 


Shell minute, regularly elongate-conic, golden brown, with the 
row of tubercles at the summit of the shell darker. Nuclear whorls 
five, well rounded, smooth, separated by a well-impressed suture. 
Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, ornamented with three 
tuberculate, spiral cords, of which the first (which is at the summit) 
is considerably less strong than the other two; the third is imme- 
diately above the suture, while the second is considerably nearer the 
first than the third. The space between the first and second is about 
half the width of the middle cord, while that between the second 
and third is equal to it. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls 
are marked by axial ribs, which are about equal to the spiral cords 
in strength; of these ribs, 16 occur upon all but the penultimate 
whorl, which has 20. The intersections of the axial ribs and spiral 
cords form prominent tubercles, which are truncated posteriorly and 
slope gently anteriorly, while the spaces inclosed between them are 
elongated pits between the first and second spiral cords, having 
their long axes parallel with the spiral sculpture, and squarish pits 
between the second and third cords. Sutures strongly channeled. 
Periphery of the last whorl marked by a channel almost as wide as 
that which separates the supraperipheral cord from the median and, 
like it, crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs. Base moder- 
ately long, concave, marked by a strong spiral cord immediately 
below the peripheral sulcus, and another almost as strong which 
encircles the columella at its insertion. In addition to the spiral 
sculpture, the base is marked by fine, incremental lines. Aperture 
irregularly triangular, strongly channeled anteriorly, very effuse and 
angulated at the junction of the basal and outer lip; posterior angle 
very obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within, 
rendered sinuous at the edge by the external sculpture; columella 
moderately long, stout, curved, with the edge reflected; parietal 
wall covered with a thick callus. 

The type and two additional specimens (Cat. No. 195185, U.S.N.M.) 
were dredged by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at 
station 2813 in 40 fathoms, on coral sand bottom, bottom tempera- 
ture 81°, off Galapagos Islands. The type is a perfect specimen, 
having six post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 2.4 mm., 


No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 341 


diameter 0.8 mm. Cat. No. 195187, U.S.N.M., contains three speci- 
mens from the same locality. Cat. No. 122128, U.S.N.M., contains 
two specimens dredged off Indefatigable Island, Galapagos Islands. 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) CESTA, new species. 


Plate 39, fig. 5. 


Shell elongate-conic, chestnut brown. Nuclear whorls, three, well 
rounded and smooth forming a slender elongate spire. Post-nuclear 
whorls strongly rounded, marked with three feebly tuberculated 
spiral keels between the sutures of which the posterior is at the 
summit and the anterior at some little distance posterior to the 
suture, the median one being a little nearer the anterior than its 
other neighbor. The spaces between these keels are not quite as 
wide as the keels. In addition to the spiral keels, the whorls are 
marked with feeble, somewhat irregular axial riblets which are less 
than half as strong as the spiral keels; of these ribs, 14 occur upon 
the third and 32 upon the remaining whorls. These ribs render 
their junction with the spiral cords feebly nodulose. The spaces 
inclosed between the spiral cords and the axial ribs are feebly im- 
pressed, squarish pits. In addition to the above sculpture, the 
entire surface of the shell is crossed by fine incremental lines and 
very fine spiral striations. Sutures strongly impressed, with the 
peripheral cord showing as a slender, smooth band in all but the 
first two whorls. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a broad, 
depressed spiral cord which is separated from the first suprasutural 
cord of the spire by a sulcus as wide as that separating this cord from 
its posterior neighbor. This groove is crossed by the continuations 
of the axial ribs. Base large, moderately rounded, marked with a 
slender spiral cord which is a little nearer the peripheral cord than 
the slender fasciole at the insertion of the columella. Aperture 
irregularly ovate; outer lip thin, rendered sinuous at the edge by the 
external sculpture showing the external sculpture within; columella 
stout, rather long, twisted and curved;,parietal wall glazed with a 
thin callus. The above description is based on two individuals, one 
an adult (Cat. No. 153057, U.S.N.M.) collected at the Government 
Jetty, San Diego, California. This has lost all but the last nuclear 
whorl, having eight post-nuclear whorls and measuring: Length 
5.8 mm., diameter 2.1mm. The other is one of three specimens 
(Cat. No. 160079 U.S.N.M.) collected at San Diego. This has the 
nucleus and six post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 3.2 mm., 
diameter 1.6 mm. 


842, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) STEJNEGERI Dall. 
Plate 40, fig. 3. 
Cerithiopsis stejnegeri Datu, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 7, 1884, pp. 345-346, pl. 2, fig. 4. 


Shell broadly conic, light chestnut brown, excepting the nucleus 
and the columella. Nuclear whorls two, strongly rounded, smooth. 
Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, marked with three nodulose 
spiral keels, of which one is at the shouldered summit, another some- 
what posterior to the suture, while the third is median between the 
two. The anterior of the three is the stronger and the one at the 
summit the weakest. These cords are about as wide as the spaces 
that separate them. In addition to the spiral cords the whorls are 
marked by very poorly developed, almost vertical axial riblets, the 
junctions of which with the spiral cords form the nodules. Of these 
ribs 16 occur upon the second, 18 upon the third, 22 upon the fourth, 
24 upon the fifth, and 26 upon the penultimate whorl. The spaces 
inclosed between the spiral cords and axial ribs are irregular, shallow, 
impressed, rounded pits. Sutures strongly constricted, showing the 
posterior edge of the base. Periphery of the last whorl marked 
by a sulcus which is crossed by the feeble axial riblets; base well 
rounded, smooth, excepting incremental lines. Aperture broadly 
ovate; decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer 
lip thin, rendered wavy by the external sculpture showing the external 
sculpture within; columella short, stout, twisted, and curved; parietal 
wall glazed with a thin callus which extends from the inner edge of 
the columella to the posterior angle of the aperture. 

The type (Cat. No. 40932, U.S.N.M.) was collected by Dr. L. 
Stejneger at Bering Island. It has eight post-nuclear whorls, having 
lost the nuclear turns and measures: Length 5.5 mm., diameter 2.2 


mm. The nuclear whorls were described from a specimen of Cat. 
No. 195172, U.'S.N.M. 


Specimens examined. 


U.S.N.M. ali Number of 
Cat. No. Locality. specimens. 


240939)". Beringulslangd 2 45.04 eek sank ete cena ot ean Rock as eee 
161049 | Kyska Harbor, Aleutian Islands, Alaska........-.....-------- 
195172 | Amchitka Islands, Aleutian sands VAlaskassessee eee ee ese 2 
130625 | Amchitka Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska (low w ater) Sc he 
195174 | Constantine Harbor, Aleutian Islands, Alaska........-....---- 
AGUIOR? sl sedoul el st Rl SRR a ferences meee ee ae en mee 
161036 Captains Harbor, Unalaska, Aleutian Islands, Alaska......-.-. 
195173 | East side Simeonoff Island, Shumagin Islands, Alaskalec-e sce. 


Oe PR ROR 


1 Type. 


No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 343 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) STEJNEGERI DINA, new subspecies. 


Plate 40, fig. 7. 


This is the southern representative of C. steynegeri, differing from 
the species in having the sculpture much more strongly pronounced 
and in being larger. Three specimens are known (Cat. No. 195175, 
U.S.N.M.) which come from Sitka, Alaska. The type has three 
nuclear whorls and seven post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 
7 mm., diameter 2.6 mm. 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) NEGLECTA C. B. Adams. 
Plate 40, fig. 5. 


ee repeat te C. B. Apams, Ann. N. Y. Lyceum Nat. Hist., vol. 5, 1852, 
Pp. 

Shell minute, elongate-conic, dark brown excepting the nuclear 
whorls, which are white. Nuclear whorls at least four, well rounded, 
smooth, forming a mucronate apex. Post-nuclear whorls orna- 
mented with three spiral cords, the first of which is very feeble on 
the early whorls and even less strong than the other two on the 
last volution; the second cord is at the posterior termination of the 
anterior third between the sutures, while the third is a little nearer 
the suture than the median. The first and second are only about 
half as far apart as the median and third. In addition to the 
spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by retractive axial ribs, 
which are about as strong as the spiral cords. Of these ribs, 16 
occur upon the first, 14 upon the second to fourth, 16 upon the fifth 
and sixth, and 18 upon the penultimate turn. The intersections 
of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form strong, cusped tubercles. 
Those on the first spiral cord are the weakest and are well rounded; 
those on the second and third are truncated posteriorly and slope less 
abruptly anteriorly. The spaces inclosed between the axial ribs 
and spiral cords are elongated pits between the first and second 
spiral cords, having their long axes parallel to the spiral sculpture, 
while those between the second and third are strongly impressed, 
squarish pits. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery of the last 
whorl marked by a strong, spiral cord, separated from the supra- 
sutural cord by a sulcus as wide as that which separates the supra- 
sutural from the median and, like this, crossed by the continuations 
of the axial ribs, which terminate at the posterior edge of the periph- 
eral cord. Base moderately long, ornamented with two spiral cords. 
Aperture irregularly subquadrate, decidedly channeled anteriorly; 
posterior angle acute; outer lip rendered wavy by the external 
sculpture, which is apparent within the aperture; columella short, 
stout, curved, with the free edge reflected; parietal wall covered 


344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40, 


with a thick callus which connects the columella with the posterior 
angle of the aperture. 

The specimen described and figured (Cat. No. 211566, U.S.N.M.) 
is one collected by Prof. C. B. Adams at Panama. It has eight post- 
nuclear whorls and measures: Length 3.2 mm., diameter 1.1 mm. 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) HALIA, new species. 


Plate 40, fig. 8. 


Shell small, broadly elongate-conic, chocolate brown. (Early 
nuclear whorls decollated.) Only the last volution remains, which. 
is smooth. Post-nuclear whorls strongly shouldered at the summit 
on the early whorls, ornamented with three spiral cords, of which the 
first, at the summit, is very poorly developed; the second is situated 
at the posterior termination of the anterior third between the sutures; 
while the third, which equals the second, is about halfway between 
this and the suture. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are 
marked by decidedly retractive, axial ribs which are almost equal 
to the spiral cords in strength. Of these ribs, 12 occur upon the first, 
14 upon the second, 16 upon the third and fourth, 18 upon the fifth, 
and 20 upon the penultimate turn. The intersections of the axial 
ribs and spiral cords form well-rounded tubercles, while the spaces 
inclosed by them are elongated pits between the first and second 
spiral cord, and large, squarish pits between the second and third. 
Periphery of the last whorl marked by a sulcus not quite as broad 
as that which separates the supraperipheral from the median cord, 
and crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs. Base short, con- 
cave, marked by two spiral cords immediately below the peripheral 
sulcus and by numerous fine, incremental lines. Aperture subquad- 
rate, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer 
lip rendered sinuous at the edge by the external sculpture which 
is apparent in the aperture; columella short, curved, and twisted, 
with the free edge reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. 

We have seen three specimens of this species, none of them quite 
mature. Cat. No. 32399, U.S.N.M., contains the type and another 
specimen from Todos Santos Bay, Lower California. The type has 
eight post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 4.5 mm., diameter 
2.1mm. The third specimen (Cat. No. 16196, U.S.N.M.) comes from 
Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) AUREA, new species. 
Plate 40, fig. 1. 

Shell elongate-conic, bright, light chestnut brown, excepting the 

extreme apex, which is wax yellow. Early nuclear whorls decol- 


lated; the last one only remains and is well rounded and smooth. 
Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, appressed at the summit; marked 


No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSOH. 845 


by three nodulose, spiral cords which divide the spaces between the 
sutures into four equal parts. In addition to the spiral cords, the 
shell is marked with well-rounded, vertical, axial ribs which extend 
from the summit to the suture and are as strong as the spiral cords, 
rendering their intersections with them strongly tuberculate. Of 
these ribs, 16 occur upon the first, 18 upon the second to fifth, and 
24 upon the penultimate turn. The spaces inclosed between the 
spiral cords and axial ribs are deep, squarish pits, except on the last 
whorl, on which they are rectangular, having their long axes coin- 
ciding with the axial ribs. Jn addition to the above sculpture, the 
entire surface of the spire is marked by very fine lines of growth and 
numerous microscopic, spiral striations. Suture well impressed, 
in the last two turns showing the posterior edge of the peripheral 
cord as a slender, raised thread. Periphery of the last whorl marked 
by a strong, smooth, spiral cord; the sulcus which separates this 
keel from the supraperipheral cord is crossed by the strong continua- 
tions of the axial ribs. Base decidedly concave between the periph- 
eral cord and the slender, basal fasciole which is at the insertion of the 
columella; marked by rather strong lines of growth and fine micro- 
scopic, spiral striations. Aperture broadly ovate; decidedly chan- 
neled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, rendered 
sinuous by the external sculpture which shows strongly within; 
columella short, very broad at base, curved and somewhat twisted; 
parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. 

The type (Cat. No. 16196, U.S.N.M.) has seven post-nuclear whorls 
and measures: Length 7 mm., diameter 2.4mm. It was collected by 
Xantus at Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSINA) NECROPOLITANA, new species. 
Plate 39, fig. 1. 


Shell almost cylindro-conic, creamy white. Nuclear whorls two, 
a little wider than the first post-nuclear whorl succeeding them; 
first half smooth, the rest marked by strong, slightly retractive, sub- 
lamellar, axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the first whorl and 17 
upon the second. Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, orna- 
mented with three spiral cords, the first of which is at some little dis- 
tance below the summit, giving this a decidedly shouldered aspect, 
while the third is an equal distance posterior to the suture, the second 
being halfway between the two. In addition to the spiral cords, the 
whorls are marked by vertical, axial ribs, almost equaling the spiral 
cords in strength; of these ribs, 14 occur upon the first, 16 upon the 
second to sixth, 18 upon the seventh, and 22 upon the penultimate 
turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form strong, 
cusp-like tubercles which are elongate on the first spiral cord, having 
their long axes parallel to the spiral sculpture, and are suddenly 


346 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


truncated posteriorly on the second and third cords, sloping gently 
anteriorly. The spaces inclosed between :the spiral cords and axial 
ribs are rectangular pits, having their long axes parallel to the spiral 
sculpture. The axial ribs extend prominently to the appressed 
summit of the whorls, forming a series of pits above the first spiral 
cord. Suture strongly constricted, showing the posterior edge of 
the base in all the turns. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a 
sulcus not quite as wide as that which separates the second and third 
cords and, like it, crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs. 
Base moderately long, smooth except for incremental lines, the 
peripheral sulcus giving the posterior edge of the base a decidedly 
angulated aspect. Aperture irregularly, broadly oval, decidedly 
channeled anteriorly; posterior angle very obtuse; outer lip rendered 
sinuous by the external sculpture; columella strongly curved and 
twisted, the free edge reflected; parietal wall covered with a moder- 
ately thick callus. 

The type is a perfect specimen of nine post-nuclear whorls and 
measures: Length 7.7 mm., diameter 1.8 mm. It and seven addi- 
tional specimens (Cat. No. 195205, U.S.N.M.) came from the Lower 
San Pedro Series, Deadmans Island, California. 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSINA) ADAMSI, new species. 


Plate 41, fig. 1. 


Shell minute, elongate-conic, dark brown. Nuclear whorls three 
and one-half, of which the first one and one-half are smooth, while 
the succeeding two are marked by slender, axial riblets, 30 of which 
occur upon the last and 24 upon the preceding turn. Post-nuclear 
whorls moderately rounded, marked by three spiral cords, of which 
the first, which is at the summit, is more poorly developed than the 
other two, which are equal. These two cords divide the remainder 
of the whorls between the sutures into three equal areas. In addi- 
tion to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by axial ribs 
which are almost as strong as the spiral cords. Of these ribs, 16 occur 
upon the second and third, 18 upon the fourth, and 24 upon the 
penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords 
form well-rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them 
are strongly impressed, rectangular pits. Suture strongly impressed. 
Periphery of the last whorl marked by a broad sulcus which equals 
the sulcus betwen the supraperipheral and the median cord in width 
and, like this, is crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs, which 
extend to the posterior edge of the first basal cord. Base moderately 
long, well rounded, marked by two strong, spiral cords, the stronger 
of which is immediately below the peripheral sulcus, while the other 
is a little posterior to the insertion of the columella. Aperture broadly 


no. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 347 


oval, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer 
lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture, which is apparent 
within the aperture; columella very short, very broad and curved, 
with the free edge reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin. callus. 

The type (Cat. No. 3775, U.S.N.M.) comes from Panama. It has 
six postnuclear whorls and measures: Length 2.1 mm., diameter 
0.7 mm. 

Named for the late Prof. C. B. Adams. 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIDA) DIEGENSIS, new species. 


Plate 40, fig. 4. 


Shell small, broadly elongate-conic, chestnut brown. Nuclear 
whorls two and one-half; the first half smooth; the next turn has about 
20 slender, axial threads; while the last whorl has about 32 axial 
threads and 2 spiral cords, the first of which is on the middle of the 
whorl, and the second one about halfway between this and the suture. 
The early post-nuclear whorls have 2 spiral cords, like the last of the 
nuclear whorls. Beginning with the third turn, a slender, spiral 
cord appears immediately anterior to the summit, increasing rapidly 
in size until, on the last volution, it is about equal to the other two. 
In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by strong, 
axial ribs equaling the spiral cords in strength. Of these ribs, 16 
occur upon all but the penultimate turn, which has 18. The junctions 
of the axial ribs and spiral cords form prominent, cusp-like tubercles, 
while the spaces inclosed between them form large, squarish pits. 
Suture strongly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked by 
a strong keel, separated from the supraperipheral cord by a sulcus 
as wide as that which separates the supraperipheral from the median 
cord and, like it, crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs which 
terminate at the posterior border of the peripheral cord. Base short, 
concave, bearing a slender fasciole at the insertion of the columella. 
Entire surface of spire and base crossed by numerous fine, incremental 
lines. Aperture subquadrate, very strongly channeled anteriorly; 
posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external 
sculpture, which is apparent in the aperture; columella short and 
broad, twisted, the free edge reflected; parietal wall glazed with a 
thin callus. 

The type (Cat. No. 160079, U.S.N.M.) comes from San Diego, 
California. It is not quite mature, has six post-nuclear whorls, and 
measures: Length 4 mm., diameter 1.6mm. Another specimen (Cat. 
No. 162044, U.S.N.M.) comes from San Clemente Island, California. 


348 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIDA) ROWELLI, new species. 
Plate 40, fig. 6. 


Shell elongate-conic, pale brownish yellow. Nuclear whorls large 
and tumid extending considerably beyond the lateral outline of the 
first post-nuclear whorl; the first half volution, smooth, well rounded; 
the remaining one and a half decidedly inflated, strongly rounded, 
crossed by very strong acute axial ribs which are about one-third as 
wide as the strongly impressed intercostal spaces that separate them. 
Of these ribs, about 17 are on the last turn. Post-nuclear whorls 
slopingly shouldered, below the appressed summit marked by three 
tuberculate, spiral keels which divide the spaces between the sutures 
into four equal rows. In addition to the spiral keels, the whorls are 
marked by strong, broad axial ribs, the intersection of which with the 
spiral keels appear as prominent cusps. Of these ribs, 16 occur upon 
the first and second, 18 upon the third, 20 upon the fourth and 
penultimate turn. The individual tubercles of all three keels are 
truncated posteriorly and slope gently and regularly to the anterior 
border. The spaces inclosed by the axial ribs and spiral keels are 
well impressed, squarish pits. Suture strongly constricted; periph- 
ery of the last whorl marked by a prominent, smooth keel; base 
short, almost flat, smooth, excepting lines of growth and a slender 
fasciole about the base of the columella. Aperture irregularly 
ovate; decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer 
lip rendered decidedly sinuous by the external sculpture; columella 
very broad at base, somewhat twisted and sinuous, the anterior edge 
slightly reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. 

The type (Cat. No. 15559) was taken from Haliotis by Rowell, 
exact locality not known. The label bears the legend ‘‘ West coast of 
North and Middle America.” It probably came from California. 
It has six post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 4.5 mm., 
diameter 1.8 mm. 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIDELLA) COSMIA Bartsch. 
Plate 38, fig. 7. 
Cerithiopsis cosmia Bartscu, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, pp. 180-181. 


Shell elongate-conic, variegated with various shades of brown, white, 
and wax yellow. Nuclear whorls three and one-half, slender, lending 
the apex a mucronate appearance. First nuclear whorl smooth, sec- 
ond crossed by feeble axial riblets. The riblets increase considerably 
in size in the remaining turns, where they are very regularly developed 
and evenly spaced. These riblets are strongly protractive as they pass 
from summit to suture, the extremity at the suture being considerably 
in advance of the extremity at the summit. In addition to the verti- 
cal riblets, microscopic, crinkly lines appear in the intercostal spaces 


No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 849 


which intersect the riblets in oblique even curves at right angles. The 
transition from the nuclear to the post-nuclear sculpture is abrupt, 
the three chief tuberculate spiral keels being present from the very 
beginning of the first post-nuclear turn. On the first four post- 
nuclear turns the posterior spiral keel is less developed than the rest, 
but it increases with each succeeding turn and finally becomes the 
strongest of the three. The tubercles on the early whorls are almost 
round and slope abruptly, concavely posteriorly and are gently well 
rounded anteriorly. On the later whorls they are oblong, with their 
long axis vertical. Channels separating the spiral keels about as 
wide as the keels on the early whorls, less so in the later turns, curved 
by the low, broad, strong, backward-slanting, axial riblets. The 
spaces between these ribs and the spiral keels appear as rounded 
pits. Sutures well impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked 
by a strong spiral keel. Base well rounded, marked by three equal 
and equally spaced, spiral keels separated by equally wide and strong 
channels. The entire surface of the spire and base are marked by 
microscopic lines of growth and spiral striations. Aperture sub- 
quadrate, posterior angle obtuse, decidedly channeled at the junction 
of the short, thick, somewhat twisted columella and outer lip. 

This description is based upon two specimens, cotypes, Cat. No. 
195196, U.S.N.M. One has the nucleus and eleven post-nuclear 
whorls, and has furnished the description of the nucleus. This 
measures: Length 7.3 mm., diameter 2.3 mm. The other has lost 
its nucleus and probably the first two post-nuclear turns, and meas- 
ures: Length 9 mm.; diameter 2.9 mm. 


Specimens examined. 


Catadate ; Number of 
lg Locality. specimens. 


160870 poritereys Californmiateya seer nactocceertecicch sie ccee aces seaeaee 


160677 | Catalina Island, California. 
195197 | San Pedro Bay, California 
1195196 | Whites Point, San Pedro Bay, California...........- Seat ee eee 
195190 | San Pedro Bay, Califommiaeess eAtererc. «aac acnee te eaeciennene 
153057a@ | Government Jetty, San Diego, California...................... 
198601 amen Bes Californias ais ce tiseees sae fob ere soo bere dean eeeeecns 


w 
ROR NN OOH WON wee 


195171 | San Diego, California (dredged 12-15 fathoms)..........-.. ee 
198 75vem gw outhennt Californias ace serait cic oo niee css ecinwiececeuoe eneine ae 
32392 | Todos Santos Bay, Lower California..................-.------ 


1 Cotypes. 
CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIDELLA) ANTEFILOSA, new species. 
Plate 40, fig. 9. 
Shell elongate-conic, light chestnut brown. Nuclear whorls three 


and one-half, moderately rounded, separated by a poorly defined 
suture; the first one smooth, the next two and one-half with slender 


850 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 


closely spaced axial threads and fine, spiral lirations in the inter- 
costal spaces. Post-nuclear whorls slightly rounded, marked by 
three tuberculate spiral cords of which the posterior one is at the 
summit, the anterior at some little distance posterior to the suture, 
while the third is about median between the two. The posterior cord 
is very poorly developed on the early whorls, in fact quite absent on 
the first volution, but grows steadily in size until, in the last volution, 
it is as strong as the other two. In addition to the spiral cords, the 
whorls are marked by vertical axial ribs which are as strong as the 
spiral cords and render the junction with them tuberculate. Of these 
ribs, 14 occur upon the first to third, 16 upon the fourth, 18 upon the 
fifth and sixth, 20 upon the seventh to ninth, 22 upon the tenth, and 
24 upon the penultimate turn. The tubercles of the posterior cord 
are well rounded, that of the median slightly truncated posteriorly, 
while on the anterior cord they appear truncated in the middle, sloping 
gently anteriorly and very suddenly posteriorly. Sutures strongly 
constricted; periphery of the last whorl marked by a sulcus which is 
as wide as the spaces that separate the keels on the spire and like 
them is crossed with the continuations of the axial ribs. Base short, 
well rounded, marked by four spiral keels which grow gradually 
weaker and a little closer spaced from the periphery to the umbilical 
area, the last one forming a slender basal fasciole about the insertion 
of the columella. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the base is 
marked by numerous fine incremental lines. Aperture rhomboidal; 
decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, 
rendered wavy by the external sculpture; columella moderately long, 
stout, decidedly curved, and somewhat twisted. 

The type (Cat. No. 195200, U.S.N.M.) has lost the first two nuclear 
whorls, the thirteen remaining whorls measuring: Length 6.9 mm., 
diameter 1.8 mm., and comes from 8 miles off Point Loma Light, 
California, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries station 4310, and was dredged 
in 71 to 75 fathoms on gray mud and fine sand bottom. The early 
nuclear whorls were described from a young specimen (Cat. No. 
195201, U.S.N.M.) from Whites Point, San Pedro Bay. Three other 
specimens (Cat. No. 195202, U.S.N.M.) were dredged in 12 to 15 
fathoms off San Diego. 


CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIDELLA) ALCIMA, new species. 


Plate 39, fig. 2. 


Shell elongate-conic, chestnut brown. Nuclear whorls three and 
one-half, small, moderately rounded, separated by a well-impressed 
suture; the first whorl smooth; the second and third marked by 
slender, protractive, curved, axial ribs, of which 18 occur upon the 
second and 20 upon the third. Intercostal spaces about twice as 
wide as the axial ribs, crossed by about 15 slender, spiral lirations. 


no. 1823. JTOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 361 


Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, appressed at the summit, 
ornamented with three spiral cords, of which the first is at the summit, 
which on the first five whorls is scarcely apparent; beginning with 
the sixth turn, it increases in size until on the last volution it almost 
equals the other two. The third cord is about as far posterior to the 
suture as it is from the second cord, which is halfway between the 
first and third. The spiral cords are not quite as wide as the spaces 
that separate them. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are 
marked by low, almost vertical, axial ribs, which are less strong than 
the spiral cords and render their intersections with these cuspidate. 
Of the axial ribs, 16 occur upon the second to fourth, 18 upon the 
fifth and sixth, 20 upon the seventh, 22 upon the eighth, and 24 upon 
the ninth and penultimate turn. The tubercles formed by the junction 
of the first cord and the axial ribs are well rounded; those formed by 
the junction of the median cord and the ribs are truncated anteriorly 
and posteriorly, sloping a little more gently anteriorly than pos- 
teriorly; those formed by the junction of the third cord and the ribs 
are decidedly truncated posteriorly, sloping gently anteriorly. The 
spaces inclosed between the axial ribs and the spiral cords are strongly 
impressed, squarish pits. Suture well marked, showing the posterior 
edge of the peripheral cord. Periphery of the last whorl marked by 
a strong cord, separated from the supraperipheral cord by a sulcus 
almost as wide as that which separates the supraperipheral cord from 
the median and, like it, crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs 
which terminate at the posterior border of the peripheral cord. Base 
rather short, concave, marked by two, strong, spiral cords and a 
slender fasciole, the latter surrounding the columella at its insertion, 
while the former divides the space between it and the peripheral cord 
into equal areas. In addition to the above sculpture, the entire base 
and spire are marked by numerous slender, incremental lines. Aper- 
ture irregularly subquadrate, strongly channeled anteriorly; posterior 
angle obtuse; outer lip thin, rendered sinuous at the edge by the 
external sculpture, which is apparent in the aperture; columella 
short, stout, twisted, with the free edge reflected; parietal wall glazed 
with a thin callus. 

The type has ten post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 7.2 
mm., diameter 1.2 mm. It and twenty-one additional specimens 
(Cat. No. 195198, U.S.N.M.) come from Whites Point, San Pedro, 
California. Cat. No. 195199, U.S.N.M., contains four specimens, 
also from San Pedro, California. 


302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


CERITHIOPSIS EXCELSA Dall. 
Plate 36, fig. 1. 
Cerithiopsis excelsus Datu, Prof. Paper No. 59, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1909, p. 75. 


Shell very large, elongate-conic. (Nuclear whorls decollated.) 
Post-nuclear whorls appressed at the summit, well rounded, marked by 
poorly developed, rounded, almost vertical, axial ribs, of which 12 
occur upon the first three of the remaining whorls, 14 upon the fourth 
to sixth, 16 upon the seventh, 20 upon the eighth, 24 upon the ninth, 
and 32 upon the penultimate turn. In addition to these axial ribs, 
the shell is provided at irregular intervals with long varices. The 
spiral sculpture consists of slender cords. These are of several 
strengths. On the eighth whorl there are four equally strong, 
which divide the space between the sutures into four subequal parts. 
The first of these cords is at the summit. In addition to these four 
there are four more spiral cords, less strong than those just men- 
tioned, occupying the space midway between the other cords. On 
the penultimate whorl additional slender threads, which are still 
weaker, occur between the spirals just mentioned. The junctions of 
the axial ribs and the spiral cords, particularly the stronger, form 
feeble, rounded nodules. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery 
of the last whorl marked by a spiral cord as strong as the strongest 
between the sutures. Base well rounded, marked by six equal and 
equally spaced spiral cords, in the spaces between which a slender 
spiral thread is present. ‘The aperture is obstructed by the matrix 
and is strongly channeled anteriorly; outer lip slightly expanded and 
thickened; columella short and stout. 

The type (Cat. No. 107400, U.S.N.M.) comes from the Oregonian 
Eocene of North Fork of Umpqua River, at Schrum’s Ranch, station 
2798. It measures: Length 20.5 mm., diameter 6.5 mm. 


CERITHIOPSIS CURTATA, new species. 
Plate 36, fig. 3. 


Shell small, elongate-ovate, light brown. Nuclear whorls decol- 
lated. Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, ornamented with 
three spiral keels, of which the first is at the summit, the next imme- 
diately adjacent to it, being separated from it by a strong, incised line 
only, on all but the last whorl; on this it is a little more distant. The 
third keel is immediately above the suture. In addition to the 
spiral keels, the whorls are marked by slightly retractive, axial ribs 
which are almost equal to the spiral keels in strength. Of these ribs, 
14 occur upon the second, 16 upon the third, 18 upon the fourth, 20 
upon the fifth and the penultimate whorl. The junctions of the axial 
ribs and spiral keels form prominent tubercles which are truncated 
posteriorly and slope gently anteriorly, while the spaces inclosed 


no. 1828. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 353 


between them are moderately large, rounded pits. The last whorl 
is considerably contracted anteriorly, which gives the oval outline to 
the shell. Sutures strongly channeled. Periphery of the last whorl 
marked by a strong, spiral cord, which is smooth. Base moderately 
produced, bearing a strong, spiral cord at the insertion of the col- 
umella. Aperture small, irregularly ovate, very strongly channeled 
anteriorly ; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thick within, thin at the 
edge, rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella mod- 
erately long, stout, twisted, revolute and reflected. 

The type (Cat. No. 195186, U.S.N.M.) has seven post-nuclear 
whorls and measures: Length 2.5 mm., diameter 1.0 mm. It was 
dredged at U. S. Bureau of Fisheries station 2813, in 40 fathoms, on 
coral sand bottom, bottom temperature 81°, off the Galapagos 
Islands. 


CERITHIOPSIS FOSSILIS, new species. 


Plate 38, fig. 3. 


Shell elongate, subcylindrical. (Nuclear whorls decollated.) Post- 
nuclear whorls almost flattened, marked by three equal and equally 
spaced tuberculated spiral cords, of which one is at the summit, 
another at some little distance above the periphery, while the third is 
median between the two. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls 
are crossed by almost vertical axial riblets which are as strong as the 
spiral cords and render them tubercular at their junction. Of these 
ribs 26 occur upon the penultimate turn and the one preceding it, 
24 on the next two, 22 upon the next, and 20 upon the first of the 
remaining turns. The spaces inclosed between the spiral cords and 
axial ribs are strongly impressed, rounded pits. Sutures moderately 
constricted, showing the posterior edge of the first basal cord as a 
slender thread in all of the whorls. Periphery of the last whorl 
marked by a channel, which is as broad as those that separate the 
spiral cords on the spire and like them crossed by the continuation of 
the axialribs. Base short, almost concave near the columella, marked 
by three equal and equally spaced spiral cords. Aperture (%) de- 
cidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip frac- 
tured; columella, stout, curved, and twisted. 

The type (Cat. No. 195193, U.S.N.M.) has seven whorls remaining, 
and measures: Length 7.2 mm., diameter 2.6 mm. It comes from 
the Lower San Pedro Series of Dead Man’s Island, California. 


CERITHIOPSIS GLORIOSA, new species. 
Plate 36, fig. 7. 


Shell elongate-conic, flesh-color, variegated with flecks of brown; 
the early whorls are light brown, while the base is dark chestnut. 
(Nuclear whorls decollated.) Post-nuclear whorls marked by three 

80796°—Proc.N. M.vol.40—11——23 


854 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


strong sublamellar keels, which are not quite as wide as the spaces that 
separate them. The first of these is near to the appressed summit, 
the third quite a bit anterior to the suture, while the second occupies 
the space midway between these two. In addition to these keels, 
the whorls are marked by slightly protractive, axial ribs which are 
equal to the spiral cords in strength. Of these ribs, 16 occur upon 
the first to fifth, 18 upon the sixth, 20 upon the seventh, 22 upon the 
eighth, 24 upon the ninth, and 26 upon the penultimate turn. The 
junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form strong, cusp-like 
tubercles, which are suddenly truncated posteriorly and slope gently 
anteriorly; the spaces between them are deep, squarish pits. Sutures 
moderately constricted, showing the peripheral cord on all the turns. 
Periphery of the last whorl marked by a very strong, spiral keel, the 
space between which and the first supraperipheral keel is almost as 
wide as that separating the supraperipheral keel from the median, 
and, like that, is crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs which 
extend prominently to the posterior termination of the peripheral 
keel. Base marked by a slender, basal fasciole which surrounds the 
insertion of the columella, the space between the fasciole and the 
peripheral cord being concave. Aperture irregularly oval, very 
strongly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, 
showing the external sculpture within, rendered decidedly sinuous 
at the edge by the external sculpture; columella short and stout, the 
edge reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. 

The type (Cat. No. 213301, U.S.N.M.) comes from California with- 
out definite designation of locality. It has eleven post-nuclear 
whorls (having lost the nucleus and probably the first post-nuclear 
turn) and measures: Length 8.6 mm., diameter 2.4 mm. 


. 


CERITHIOPSIS COLUMNA Carpenter. 
Plate 36, fig. 6. 


Cerithiopsis columna CARPENTER, Rept. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci., 1864, p. 660; Ann. 
Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 15, 1865, p. 32. 

Shell elongate-conic, light chestnut brown. (Karly whorls decol- 
lated.) Succeeding turns very slightly rounded, marked by three 
tuberculate spiral keels, of which one is at the summit, another a little 
above the periphery, and a third a little nearer the posterior than its 
supra-sutural neighbor. These keels are separated by spiral grooves, 
which are only about one-third as wide as the keels. In addition to 
the spiral keels, the whorls are marked by almost vertical axial ribs, 
which are about two-thirds as strong as the spiral cords and very 
closely spaced. Of these, 16 occur upon the second and third, 18 
upon the fourth, 22 upon the fifth and sixth, 24 upon the seventh, 
26 upon the eighth and 32 upon the penultimate turn. The narrow 
spaces inclosed between the ribs and spiral cords appear as small, 


No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 355 


well impressed, rounded pits. Suture moderately constricted, show- 
ing the posterior edge of the first basal keel in the early whorls. 
Periphery of the last whorl marked by a sulcus as wide as those that 
separate the keels on the spire, and the continuation of the axial ribs. 
Base short, well rounded, marked with three slender spiral keels 
which are situated on the posterior two-thirds and separated by 
shallow channels. The first of these is crossed by slender continua- 
tions of the axial ribs. The space immediately about the base of the 
columella is free of sculpture excepting fine, incremental lines. Aper- 
ture subquadrate, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle 
acute; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; col- 
umella very broad at base, stout, somewhat twisted and curved and 
the edge reflected. 

Doctor Carpenter’s type (Cat. No. 148236, U.S.N.M.) was collected 
by i G. Swan at Neah Bay, Washington, and measures: Length 9.2 
mm., diameter 2.6 mm. 


Specimens examined. 


Catalogue ae Number of 
Nee Locality. specimens. 
1 14823b | Neah Bay, Washington.......-...-. Ree ae aes ete ise oferty 1 
Sees. ae Vancouver [slandeos2.csc.cn- ences = Sa ee eee anes 3 
14828¢e | Monterey, California......-......----.---- boas Se naes Sane hae 1 
S2595)) |p Montery. carport, Califormigay.oo\-\jes-sisisite 215 = t= = rinse aiel= == viene 2 
56007 | Monterey, Cuillgmlah eid ecmens PIS Ti as hale ee eee 3 


1 Type. 
CERITHIOPSIS INFREQUENS C. B. Adams. 
Plate 37, fig. 1. 


Cerithium infrequens C. B. Apams, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, 1852, 
p. 383. 


Shell small, broadly elongate-conic, blackish-red. Nuclear whorls 
five, well-rounded, smooth. Post-nuclear whorls marked by three 
strong, spiral cords which are about half as wide as the spaces that 
separate them. The first of these is a little anterior to the summit, 
and the second is a little nearer the first than the third, which is about 
as far removed from the second as it is from the suture. In addition 
to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by decidedly retractive, 
axial ribs which are about as wide as the cords. Of these ribs, 12 
occur upon the second, 14 upon the third, 16 upon the fourth and 
fifth, 18 upon the sixth and seventh, and 20 upon the penultimate 
turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form well- 
rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are deep, 
rounded pits. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery of the last 
whorl marked by a sulcus as wide as that which separates the third 
from the second cord and, like it, crossed by the continuations of the 


356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


axial ribs which terminate at the posterior border of the first basal 
keel. Base moderately long, somewhat concave, marked by three 
strong, sublamellar keels, the first of which borders the peripheral 
sulcus, while the other two are a little less strong and situated close 
together on the middle of the base. Aperture large, subquadrate, 
decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip 
rendered sinuous by the external sculpture which is apparent within 
the aperture; columella moderately long, curved, and twisted. 

The type, which is at Amherst College, Massachusetts, has nine 
post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 3,25 mm., diameter 1.13 
mm. It and another specimen were collected by Prof. C. B. Adams 
at Panama. 

CERITHIOPSIS PARAMOEA, new species. 


Piate 38, fig. 4. 


Shell moderately large, broadly elongate-conic, brown. (Nuclear 
whorls decollated.) Post-nuclear whorls appressed at the summit, 
ornamented with three nodulose, spiral cords which are about as 
wide as the spaces that separate them. The first of these is at the 
summit, the third is on the anterior fourth between the sutures, 
while the second is halfway between the two. In addition to the 
spiral cords, the whorls are marked by axial ribs almost equalling 
the spiral cords‘in strength; of these ribs, 16 occur upon the first and 
second, 18 upon the third, 20 upon the fourth, 22 upon the fifth, and 
32 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and 
spiral cords form nodules which on the early whorls are well rounded 
and on the last elongate, their long axes corresponding with the axial 
sculpture. The spaces inclosed between them are well rounded 
pits. Sutures moderately impressed, showing the posterior edge 
of the first basal cord. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a 
sulcus almost as wide as that separating the supraperipheral from 
the median cord, and, like it, crossed by the continuations of the 
axial ribs. Base well rounded, smooth except for the feeble cord 
immediately below the peripheral sulcus. Aperture irregularly oval, 
decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip 
rendered somewhat sinuous by the external sculpture; columella 
short, curved, with the free edge reflected; parietal wall glazed with 
a thin callus. 

The type (Cat. No. 15582, U.S.N.M.) comes from Neah Bay, 
Washington. It has lost the nucleus and probably the first one 
and a half post-nuclear turns. The eight remaining whorls measure: 
Length 6.3 mm., diameter 2.1 mm. 


No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 357 


CERITHIOPSIS BICOLOR, new species. 


Plate 38, fig. 6. 


Shell small, elongate-conic, white, excepting the base of the posterior 
row of tubercles which is light brown. (Nuclear whorls decollated.) 
Post-nuclear whorls flat, marked by three spiral rows of tubercles, 
of which one is at the summit of the whorls, another immediately 
above the peripheral sulcus, and the third a little nearer the one at 
the summit than its anterior neighbor. These tubercles are con- 
nected by narrow bands into a spiral cord and axially by slender 
riblets, the two inclosing well-impressed squarish pits. Of these 
tubercles, 16 occur upon the first four of the remaining turns, 18 
upon the fifth to seventh, and 20 upon the eighth and the penul- 
timate turn. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery of the last 
whorl marked by a slender spiral cord. Base smooth. Aperture 
rhomboidal, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; 
outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture, columella short, 
strong and twisted. 

The type has lost the nucleus and several of the early post-nuclear 
whorls; the ten remaining measure: Length 4 mm., diameter 1.2 
mm. The type and three specimens “(Cat. No. 195214, U.S.N.M.) 
were dredged at U.S. Bureau of Fisheries station 2813 in 40 fathoms 
on coral sand bottom, bottom temperature 81° off Galapagos Islands. 


CERITHIOPSIS ARNOLDI, new species. 


Plate 39, fig. 3. 


Shell elongate-conic. (Nuclear whorls decollated.) The post- 
nuclear whorls slightly rounded, ornamented by three tuberculate 
spiral keels of which one is at the summit, the anterior at some little 
distance above the suture, and the third halfway between the two. 
The posterior of these three keels is much weaker than the other two 
on the early turns, but gradually increases in size until on the last 
volution it is practically equal to them. In addition to the spiral 
keels, the whorls are marked by somewhat protractive axial ribs, 
which are about as strong as the spiral keels and render them tuber- 
culate at their junction. Of these ribs, 14 occur upon the first of 
the remaining turns, 16 upon the third, 18 upon the fourth, 20 upon 
the fifth, 22 upon the sixth, 24 upon the seventh and eighth, and 
26 upon the penultimate turn. The spaces inclosed between the 
ribs and spiral cords are strongly impressed rounded pits. Sutures 
moderately constricted, showing the posterior edge of the first 
basal cord. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a deep sulcus, 
as wide as those occurring between the spiral cords on the spire 
and, like them, crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs. Base 
very short, almost flattened, somewhat concave near the columella, 


358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 


marked by two spiral cords of which the first is immediately below 
the peripheral sulcus, while the next, which is less strong, is sepa- 
rated from it by a narrow channel. The anterior limit of this cord 
is a mere impressed line. There is another impressed line a little 
anterior to this one. Aperture decidedly channeled anteriorly; 
posterior angle obtuse (outer lip fractured); columella short, stout, 
curved, and slightly twisted. 

The type (Cat. No. 195195, U.S.N.M.) has nine and a half post- 
nuclear whorls remaining and measures: Length 5.4 mm., diameter 
1.8 mm. It comes from San Pedro Bay, California 

Named for Dr. Ralph Arnold. 


CERITHIOPSIS MAGELLANICA, new species. 
Plate 38, fig. 8. 


Shell broadly elongate-conic, light brown. (Nuclear whorls 
decollated.) Post-nuclear whorls appressed at the summit, not 
shouldered, well rounded, ornamented with three low, broad, 
spiral keels, which are at least twice as wide as the spaces that 
separate them. The first of these keels is a little below the summit, 
the second is median, and the third a little anterior to the suture. 
The middle keel is about one and one-fourth times as wide as the 
other two, which are equal. In addition to this spiral sculpture, 
the whorls are marked by decidedly curved, somewhat retractive, 
low, rounded, axial ribs. Of these, 20 occur upon the second of 
the remaining turns, 24 upon the third, 26 upon the fourth and fifth, 
28 upon the sixth, and 30 upon the penultimate turn. The junc- 
tions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form low, elongated tubercles, 
which have their long axes parallel with the axial sculpture. The 
spaces inclosed between the axial ribs and spiral cords are shallow, 
rounded pits. Sutures moderately constricted, showing the basal 
cord. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a slender groove as 
wide as those separating the first supraperipheral cord from the 
median and, like them, crossed by the feeble continuations of the 
axial ribs. Base of the last whorl well rounded, marked by at least 
two low, very feeble, broad, spiral cords on the posterior half; the 
anterior half apparently smooth. Aperture quite large, decidedly 
channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered 
sinuous by the external sculpture; columella very curved and reflected; 
parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. 

The type has the last eight post-nuclear whorls and measures: 
Length 8.5 mm., diameter 2.5 mm. It and another specimen (Cat. 
No. 96224, U.S.N.M.) come from the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries 
station 2778, in 61 fathoms, sand bottom, bottom temperature 48°, 
from the Straits of Magellan. 


no. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 359 


CERITHIOPSIS ANTEMUNDA, new species. 


Plate 36, fig. 4. 


Shell elongate-conic, brown. (Nuclear whorls decollated.) Post- 
nuclear whorls appressed at the summit, very slightly rounded, 
marked by three spiral cords, of which the first—which is at a little 
distance anterior to the summit—is obsolete on the first four whorls, 
giving them a decidedly shouldered appearance, while on the last 
turn it is almost equal to the other two. The second cord is a little 
posterior to the middle between the sutures, while the third one is a 
little posterior to the suture. The spaces between these spiral cords 
are about double the width of the spiral cords. In addition to the 
spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by slender, well rounded, 
retractive axial ribs, equaling the spiral cords in strength. Of 
these ribs, 14 occur upon the first to fourth, 16 upon the fifth and 
sixth, and 20 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the 
axial ribs and spiral cords form well-rounded tubercles, while the 
spaces inclosed between them are strongly impressed, squarish 
pits. Sutures strongly channeled, showing the posterior edge of 
the peripheral cord. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a strong, 
spiral cord, which is separated from the supraperipheral cord by a 
sulcus as wide as that which separates the supraperipheral from the 
median cord, and like it is crossed by the continuations of the axial 
ribs, which extend to the posterior edge of the peripheral cord. Base 
concave, with a slender fasciole surrounding the insertion of the 
columella and marked axially with fine, incremental lines, which 
also extend over the entire surface of the spire. Aperture sub- 
quadrate, strongly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle decidedly 
obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within, rendered 
sinuous at the edge by the external sculpture; columella stout, twisted, 
with the edge reflected; parietal wall covered with a thin callus. 

The type and another specimen (Cat. No. 195188, U.S.N.M.) 
come from San Pedro Bay, California. The type has lost the nucleus. 
The eight whorls remaining measure: Length 5 mm., diameter 1.9 mm. 
Another specimen (Cat. No. 213313, U.S.N.M.) was dredged by the 
U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 2932 in 20 
fathoms on sand bottom, bottom temperature 58°, off San Diego, 
California. 

CERITHIOPSIS DIOMEDEZ, new species. 


Plate 37, fig. 5. 


Shell small, elongate-conic, brown. (Nuclear whorls decollated.) 
Post-nuclear whorls with a strongly channeled suture in which the 
posterior edge of the peripheral cord is apparent on all the whorls; 
marked by three spiral cords, of which the first is considerably weaker 
than the other two and is situated at the summit, rendering this some- 


360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. 


what shouldered; the third is about as far posterior to the suture as 
it is removed from the median, while the second is halfway between 
the first and third. The spaces between the spiral cords are equal 
and about one and one-half times as wide as the cords. In addition 
to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by well-rounded, 
slender, protractive, axial ribs which are almost equal to the spiral 
cords in strength. Of these ribs, 16 occur upon the first, 18 upon the 
second to fourth, 20 upon the fifth and sixth, and 24 upon the penulti- 
mate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form 
moderately strong, rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed 
between them are rectangular pits having their long axes parallel 
with the spiral sculpture. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a 
strong, spiral cord which is separated from the supraperipheral cord 
by a channel as wide as that which separates the supraperipheral cord 
from the median and, like it, is crossed by the axial ribs which ter- 
minate at the posterior edge of the peripheral cord. Base very long, 
concave, marked by incremental lines and a single, obsolete fasciole 
a little posterior to the insertion of the columella. Aperture irrecu- 
larly oval; posterior angle very obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the 
external sculpture within by transmitted light, rendered sinuous at 
the edge by the external sculpture; columella long, curved and 
twisted, the edge reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thick callus. 
The type and another specimen (Cat. No. 213302, U.S.N.M.) were 
dredged by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 
3566 in 3 fathoms on sand and shell bottom, bottom temperature 58°, 
in San Diego Bay, California. The type has lost the early nuclear 
whorls, only a portion of the last remaining. It has eight post- 
nuclear whorls and measures: Length 4.3 mm., diameter 1.5 mm. 


CERITHIOPSIS WILLIAMSONI Arnold. 
Plate 39, fig. 6. 


Bittium williamsoni ARNoLD, Mem. California Acad. Sci , vol. 3, 1903, p. 295, pl. 
6, figs 1: 

Shell minute, elongate-ovate. Post-nuclear whorls ornamented 
with three spiral cords, of which the first, which is the weakest, is at 
the summit; the second is considerably nearer to the one at the 
summit than the third, which is about halfway between the second 
and the suture. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are 
marked with slender, almost vertical, axial ribs, of which about 16 
occur upon the first and second, 18 upon the third, 20 upon the 
fourth, and 22 upon the penultimate whorl. The junctions of the 
axial ribs and spiral cords form well-rounded tubercles, those on the 
median cord appearing somewhat truncated anteriorly and poste- 
riorly. The spaces inclosed between the spiral cords and axial ribs 
are squarish pits. Sutures moderately constricted, showing the pos- 


no. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 861 


terior edge of the peripheral cord. Periphery marked by a strong 
spiral cord which is separated from the supraperipheral cord by a 
sulcus as wide as that which separates the supraperipheral cord from 
the median and, like it, crossed by the extensions of the axial ribs, 
which terminate at the posterior edge of the peripheral cord. Base 
slightly concave, with two strong spiral cords. Aperture broadly, 
irregularly oval, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle 
obtuse; columella somewhat curved and iwisted, with the free edge 
reflected. 

Doctor Arnold’s type, which came from the Pleistocene of San 
Pedro, was lost in transit to the U. 8. National Museum, had seven 
post-nuclear whorls and measured: Length 2.5 mm., diameter 1 mm. 

Named for Mrs. M. Burton Williamson, of Los Angeles, California. 


CERITHIOPSIS TRUNCATA Dall. 
Plate 40, fig. 2. 


Cerithiopsis stejnegeri truncata Dau, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 9, 1886, p. 304, 
pl. 4, fig. 5. 


Shell wax yellow. (Nucleus and early whorls decollated.) The 
four remaining well rounded, ornamented with three tuberculate spiral 
keels of which the median is the strongest; the weakest is at the sum- 
mit, which it crenulates. The last is midway between the suture and 
the median cord. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are 
marked by low, well rounded, vertical, axial ribs, the intersection of 
which with the spiral cord renders them feebly tuberculate. Of these 
ribs, 30 occur upon the penultimate whorl and 22 upon the preceding 
turns. The spaces inclosed between the spiral cords and the axial 
ribs are squarish, well impressed pits. A slender thread of the base 
is apparent in the somewhat constricted suture. Periphery of the 
last whorl marked by a sulcus which is about as wide as the spaces 
between the first and median cord and is crossed by feeble continu- 
ations of the axial ribs. Base short, well rounded, with a slender 
fasciole at the insertion of the columella; entire surface of spire and 
base crossed by rather strong, incremental lines and numerous fine 
spiral striations; aperture broadly ovate; decidedly channeled anteri- 
orly ; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered wavy by the external 
sculpture; columella short, very broad, curved; parietal wall glazed 
with a thin callus which extends from the columella to the posterior 
angle. ; 

The type (Cat. No. 213303, U.S.N.M.) and two specimens were 
collected in the canals of sponges at Unalaska. The type measures: 
Length 3.1 mm., diameter 1.9 mm. Nine specimens (Cat. No. 
213304, U.S.N.M.) collected at the same locality under similar 
conditions. Doctor Dall noted when he collected the specimens that 


362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, | 


the apices, though intact, were of a gelatinous consistency, and, 
when removed from the alcohol in which the shells were preserved, 
dried up, shriveled, and fell off. 


CERITHIOPSIS STEPHENS Bartsch. 


Plate 39, fig. 7. 


Cerithiopsis stephensi Bartscu, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, 1909, pp. 399-400, 
fig. 

Shell elongate-conic, chocolate brown. (Nuclear whorls decol- 
lated in all the specimens seen.) Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, 
ornamented spirally by four keels between the sutures, of which the 
posterior three are strong and tuberculate, the fourth smooth and 
slender. Axially the whorls are marked by irregular ribs, the 
junctions of which with the spiral keels form tubercles. The posterior 
row of tubercles is at the summit and is the weakest, the individuals 
appearing as rounded knobs. The second is on the middle of the 
whorl. This and the first, which is immediately above the peripheral 
sulcus, have their tubercles of about equal strength. On these two 
keels the tubercles slope gently anteriorly and very abruptly posteri- 
orly. The peripheral sulcus and the other two sulci are equally 
strong and wide. All are crossed by the ribs, which, however, do 
not extend over the base. Both spiral cords and ribs are crossed by 
strong incremental lines. Sutures constricted. Periphery of the 
last whorl marked by a deep channel. Base well rounded, rather 
short, marked by strong incremental lines and a few very fine spiral 
striations. The summit of the succeeding whorl drops a little below 
the peripheral sulcus in all the whorls of the spire and allows a nar- 
row margin of the smooth base to appear as a cord in the suture. 
Aperture ovate, with a strong anterior sinus, outer lip thin, showing 
the external sculpture within; columella stout, twisted and curved, 
having a weak basal fasciole at its insertion. 

Type.—Cat. No. 204008, U.S.N.M. It has twelve post-nuclear 
whorls and measures: Length 9 mm., diameter 2.1 mm. It and 
two additional specimens in Mrs. Kate Stephens’s collection were 
collected by her at Bear Bay, Peril Strait, Baranoff Island, Alaska. 
Four more were collected by her at Mole Harbor, Alaska, one of which 
is in the collection of the U.S. National Museum (Cat. No. 204009). 
Another in her collection comes from the head of Port Frederick, 
Chichagoff Island, Alaska. 

Cat. No. 126659, U.S.N.M., contains three specimens from Victoria, 
Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Cat. No. 133233, U.S.N.M., 
contains five specimens from Port Orchard, Puget Sound, Wash- 
ington, 

Named for Mrs. Kate Stephens, of San Diego, California. 


No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CHERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 363 


CERITHIOPSIS MONTEREYENSIS, new species. 


Plate 41, fig. 5. 


Shell small, broadly conic, ight brown. (Nuclear whorls decol- 
lated.) Post-nuclear whorls marked by three spiral cords, the first 
of which (which is very poorly developed, in fact almost obsolete on 
the early whorls) is at the summit, while the next is separated from 
it by a narrow channel, the third being about as far posterior to the 
suture as the second is from the first, and the space between the second 
and third being double the width of that between the first and 
second. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by 
vertical, axial ribs which are equal to the spiral cords in strength. 
Of these ribs, 15 occur upon the second and third, 16 upon the fourth 
and fifth, 18 upon the sixth, and 22 upon the penultimate turn. 
The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form cusp-like 
tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are very elongate 
rectangular pits between the first and second spiral cord, and strongly 
impressed, squarish pits between the second and third. Suture well 
impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a narrow keel 
which is separated from the supraperipheral keel by a sulcus as wide 
as that separating the first from the second spiral cord, and crossed 
by the continuations of the axial ribs which terminate at its posterior 
border. Base short, slightly rounded, ornamented with three nar- 
row, spiral keels, of which the first two are much stronger than the 
other. These keels are equally spaced between the periphery and 
the middle of the base, which is occupied by the last one.’ In addi- 
tion to the above sculpture, the entire surface of spire and base is 
marked by numerous, fine incremental lines. Aperture subquadrate, 
decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip 
rendered strongly wavy by the external sculpture, which is apparent 
in the aperture; columella short, stout, curved and decidedly twisted, 
the free edge reflected: parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. 

The type (Cat. No. 32395, U.S.N.M.) comes from Monterey Harbor, 
California. It has eight post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 
3.2 mm., diameter 1.3 mm. 


CERITHIOPSIS INGENS Bartsch. 
Plate 41, fig. 4. 
Bittium quadrifilatuwm ingens Barrscu, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, p. 180. 


Shell large, elongate-conic, white. Nuclear whorls decollated. 
Post-nuclear whorls slightly shouldered at the summit, moderately 
well rounded, marked on the first three turns by three spiral cords. 
On the fourth turn a fourth cord makes its appearance at the summit, 
rapidly increasing in strength until on the last three whorls it is quite 
equal to the other cords. These spiral cords are almost as wide as 


364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


the spaces which separate them. In addition to the spiral cords, the 
whorls are marked by rather poorly developed, rounded, axial ribs, 
of which 14 occur upon the first, 16 upon the second, 18 upon the 
third and fourth, 20 upon the fifth and sixth, 22 upon the seventh and 
eighth, and 24 upon the penultimate turn. The intersections of the 
spiral cords and axial ribs form rather rounded cusps which slope 
more gently anteriorly than posteriorly, while the spaces inclosed 
between them are rather shallow, quadrangular pits having their long 
axes parallel with the spiral sculpture. Sutures moderately con- 
stricted, showing the posterior edge of the first basal cord. In addi- 
tion to the above sculpture, the entire surface of the spire is marked 
by very slender lines of growth and, on the last whorl, by very 
slender, intercalated, spiral lirations between the cords. Periphery 
of the last whorl marked by a channel equal to the space between the 
cords on the spire. Base moderately long, well rounded, ornamented 
with six, strong, spiral keels which decrease regularly in size and 
spacing from the periphery to the columella. Aperture irregularly 
oval, strongly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip 
thin, showing the external sculpture within, rendered decidedly wavy 
at the edge by the external sculpture; columella moderately long, 
somewhat twisted, and reflected; parietal wall covered with a thick 
callus. 

The type (Cat. No. 32213, U.S.N.M.) comes from Monterey, 
California. It has lost the nucleus and probably the first post- 
nuclear turn; the ten remaining turns measure: Length 12.5 mm., 
diameter 4:2 mm. 

CERITHIOPSIS TUMIDA Bartsch. 
Plate 41, fig. 3. 
Bittium tumidum Bartscu, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, pp. 179-180. 


Shell medium size, light yellowish-brown, shining. Nuclear 
whorls decollated. Post-nuclear whorls somewhat inflated, well 
rounded, separated by a constricted suture and ornamented with 
strong tuberculate axial ribs, of which there are 18 upon the second of 
the remaining whorls and 22 upon the penultimate turn. In addition 
to the axial ribs there are four, unequally broad, low, spiral ridges 
between the sutures, which are much wider than the spaces which 
separate them, the latter appearing as strongly incised lines. The 
intersection of these ridges and the ribs form the tubercles. The 
whorls slope gently from the second spiral ridge toward the summit 
and the first row of tubercles, which is only feebly developed and is 
located on the sloping shoulder. The second set of tubercles are 
rounded, while the third and fourth rows are decidedly elongated. 
Periphery of the last turn marked by a strong smooth spiral keel, 
which is separated from the supraperipheral heal by a mere constric- 
tion. Base rather short,without keel, marked only by lines of growth. 


No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 3865 


Aperture suboval, decidedly channeled anteriorly; outer lip rendered 
sinuous by the external sculpture; columella short, very broad, and 
slightly expanded at the insertion, a little lighter in color than the 
rest of the shell; provided with a strong callus on its inner edge which 
is reflected over the parietal wall. 

The type (Cat. No. 74001, U.S.N.M.) was collected by Canfield at 
Monterey, California. It has eight post-nuclear whorls and measures: 
Length 4.2 mm., diameter 1.7 mm. A second immature specimen 
(Cat. No. 23261, U.S.N.M.) is in the Stearns collection, also from 
Monterey, California. 


CERITHIOPSIS PERUVIANA Orbigny. 
Plate 41, fig. 2. 


Cerithium peruvianum OrBiIaNy, Voy. Amer. Mérid., 1840, p. 443, pl. 77, figs. 9 
and 10. 

Shell broadly elongate-conic, grayish-brown. Nuclear whorls 
small, at least two. Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, orna- 
mented with four nodulose, spiral cords, of which the first (which is at 
the summit) is much smaller than the rest, the other three being 
subequal. On the last two turns the first basal cord is apparent in 
the suture. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by 
low, axial ribs, which are about as wide as the spiral cords. Of these 
ribs, 12 occur upon the first and second, 14 upon the third, 18 upon the 
fourth, and 22 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the 
axial ribs and the spiral cords form well-developed tubercles. Sutures 
moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a 
feeble, tuberculated, spiral cord. Base slightly concave in the middle, 
marked by five broad, low, rounded cords, which decrease regularly in 
size from the periphery to the columella. Aperture rather large, irreg- 
ularly oval, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; 
columella very stout, twisted, and reflected; parietal wall covered 
with a thin callus. 

Orbigny’s type came from the shore near Arica, Peru. It has 
six post-nuclear whorls, and measures: Length 7 mm., diameter 2 mm. 


CERITHIOPSIS DESTRUGESI De Folin. 
Plate 41, fig. 6. 
Cerithium destrugest DE Fourn, Le Meleagrinicoles, 1867, p. 71, pl. 6, fig. 12. 


Shell elongate-conic; early whorls yellow, the later ones darker. 
Karly post-nuclear whorls ornamented with four spiral keels, which 
are much wider than the spaces that separate them. Of these, the 
one at the summit and the third are of equal size and considerably 
less strong than the other two, which are also equal. On the last six 
turns the third cord becomes divided, the anterior portion being a 
little stronger than its neighbor. In addition to the spiral sculpture 


366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


the whorls are marked by somewhat retractive, broad, axial ribs, 
which render the junctions with the sprial cords strongly cuspidate. 
Of these ribs, about 12 occur on the first to fifth, 14 upon the sixth, 
18 upon the seventh to tenth, 20 upon the eleventh and twelfth, and 
22 upon the penultimate whorl. Suture moderately constricted. 
Periphery of the last whorl marked by a slender sulcus, which is 
crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs. Base moderately long, 
concave, ornamented with four strong, rounded, spiral cords, the first 
of which is immediately below the peripheral sulcus, and the last 
surrounds the insertion of the columella. These cords grow succes- 
sively weaker from the periphery to the columella. Aperture irregu- 
larly subquadrate, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle 
obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; colu- 
mella rather long, curved and twisted, the free edge reflected. 

De Folin’s type was taken from pearl oysters which are said to 
have come from Panama or Negritos Island. (The last may be 
intended for Negros Island, Philippines.) It has 14 whorls, and meas- 
ures: Length 6 mm., diameter 1.8 mm. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


The measurements cited after each species constitute the actual length of the 
figured specimen. 


PLATE 36. 
Fig. 1. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) excelsa; type; 20.5 mm.; p. 352. 
Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) oxys; type; 3.5 mm.; p. 332. 
. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) curtata; type; 2.5 mm.; p. 352. 
. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) antemunda; type; 5mm.; p. 359. 
. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) fatua; type; 6mm.; p. 331. 
. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) columna; type; 9.2 mm.; p. 354. 
Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) gloriosa; type; 8.6 mm.; p. 353. 


Naor wb 


PLATE 37. 
Fig. 1. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) infrequens; type; 3.25 mm.; p. 355. 
. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) sorex; type; 1.6 mm.; p. 333. 
. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) albonodosa; type; p. 337. 
. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) abreojosensis; type; 2.3 mm.; p. 338. 
. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) diomedex; type; 4.3 mm.; p. 359. 
. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) cerea; type; 2.4 mm.; p. 333. 
. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) tuberculoides; type; 3.75 mm.; p. 336. 


Noort Wh 


PLATE 38. 


E>! 

ar 
10°) 

— 


. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) pupiformis; cotype; 1.9 mm.; p. 337. 
. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) pedroana; cotype; 5.2 mm.; p. 335. 

. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) fossilis; type; 7.2 mm.; p. 353. 

. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) paramea; type; 6.3 mm.; p. 356. 

. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) pupiformis; cotype; p. 337. 

. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) bicolor; type; 4mm.; p. 357. 

. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsidella) cosmia; cotype; 9 mm.; p. 348. 

. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) magellanica; type; 8.5 mm.; p. 358. 

. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) carpenteri; cotype; 8.1 mm.; p. 334. 


Oot mS or & Lb 


no. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


SCOnN DOP OD HS 


aor WN EH 


PLATE 39. 


Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsina) necropolitana; type; 7.7 mm.; p. 345. 


il 
2. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsidella) aleima; type; 7.2 mm.; p. 350. 
‘3. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) arnoldi; type; 5.4 mm.; p. 357. 

4. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) galapagensis; type; 2.4 mm.; p. 340. 
5. 
6 
7 
8 


Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) cesta; cotype; 5.8 mm.; p. 341. 


. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) williamsoni; type; 2.5 mm.; p. 360. 
. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) stephensx; type; 9 mm.; p. 362. 
. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) berryi; type; 3.4mm.; p. 339. 


Puate 40. 


. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) aurea; type; 7 mm.; p. 344. 

. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) truncata; type; 3.1 mm.; p. 361. 

. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) stejnegeri; type; 5.5 mm.; p. 342. 

. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsida) diegensis; type; 4mm.; p. 347. 

. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) neglecta; type; 3.2 mm.; p. 343. 

. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsida) rowelli; type; 4.5 mm.; p. 348. 

. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) stejnegert dina; type; 7 mm.; p. 343. 
. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) halia; type; 4.5 mm.; p. 344. 

. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsidella) antefilosa; 6.9 mm.; p. 349. 


Puate 41. 


. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsina) adamsi; type; 2.1 mm.; p. 346. 
. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) peruviana; type; 7 mm.; p. 365. 

. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) tumida; type; 4.2 mm.; p. 364. 

. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) ingens; type; 12.5 mm.; p. 363. 


. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) montereyensis; type; 3.2 mm.; p. 363. 


. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) destrugesi; type; 6 mm.; p. 365. 


367 


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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 36 


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5 Gill 


NOTES ON THE GENUS LEPOMIS. 


- By Barron A. Bran and ALFrep C. WEED, 
Of the Division of Fishes, U. S. National Museum. 


This group of fresh-water sunfishes has been variously divided by 
different authors. It has been separated into at least eleven nominal 
genera, distinguished mainly by the presence or absence of a sup- 
plemental maxillary and by the shape of the lower pharyngeal bones, 
the character of their teeth, the length and shape of the pectoral fin, 
and the presence or absence of a red spot on the opercular flap. 
Two of the later authors who have worked on this subject, McKay ! 
and. Bollman? decided that they should be included under one 
generic name, Lepomis, and that the others are not tenable. On 
the other hand, Forbes and Richardson * decided that the species 
must be divided between the genera Lepomis Rafinesque and Eupo- 
motis Gill and Jordan, and after a careful examination of a consid- 
erable series of pharyngeal bones and teeth we were inclined to 
agree with the latter. An examination of the pharyngeal bones of 
of the type-specimens of Lepomis euryorus McKay and of Bryttus 
albulus Girard, however, makes it evident that these two nominal 
genera are not separable, as these specimens show a complete inter- 
gradation between the characters of the two. 

The character of the presence or absence of a supplemental max- 
illary has no value, as this bone is present or absent in individuals 
of the same species, and, when present, the size is extremely variable 
in fishes of the same species from the same locality. (See pls. 42 
and 43.) 

In the typical EHupomotis the pharyngeal bones are broad, and 
the teeth are large and blunt. This character is subject to much 
variation. In the two specimens of Lepomis holbrookii illustrated, 
obtained in the Center Market in Washington, which are presum- 
ably from the same general locality (North or South Carolina), 


1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 4, 1881, p. 88. 
2Rept. U.S. Fish Comm., 1888 [1892], pp. 557-580. 
3 Bull. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, pp. 27-32, published in 1904. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1824. 
80796°—Proc.N.M.vol. 40—11——-24 369 


370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vo. 40. 


and show no other important differences, there is considerable varia- 
tion in the width of the bones, in their relative thickness, and in 
the size and arrangement of the teeth. In the two specimens illus- 
trated, which were identified as Lepomis heros, but which do not 
agree very closely with the type, especially in depth of body, this 
difference is even more marked. These two specimens were from 
the same section of Indiana and showed no variations except those 
due to slight difference of age. In both of these species the pharyn- 
geal bones are much heavier than in Lepomis gibbosus, which, how- 
ever, has the largest and bluntest teeth of the group. In the type 
of Lepomis heros the pharyngeal teeth and bones are much more 
like those of Lepomis gibbosus than are those in the Indiana speci- 
mens. The main characters given by Forbes and Richardson for 
the separation of these two groups are not so much the size of the 
teeth but more especially the shape of the outer edge and lower 
surface of the pharyngeal bones. In Lepomis this edge is straight, 
while in Hupomotis it has more or less of a sigmoid curve. In 
Lepomis the lower surface of the bone is straight or concave, while 
in Eupomotis it is more or less convex, and the bone is usually much 
heavier. In both of these characters Bryttus albulus and Lepomis 
euryorus are intermediate, as they are in size and bluntness of the 
teeth. 

Small specimens of pee gibbosus and Lepomis pallidus* when 
taken from the same waters can not be distinguished, unless they are 
large enough to show the adult coloration. In order to determine 
whether the character of the form of the pharyngeal bones was likewise 
difficult of application to young individuals, we examined several small 
Lepomis gibbosus obtained for us at Ithaca, New York, where this 
species alone is found, and compared their pharyngeal bones with 
those of young of both species taken in Sodus Bay, Wayne County, 
New York. The specimens used for comparison were about 1 inch 

24 em.) long, and it was necessary to use a compound microscope 

in examining the pharyngeals. It was found that although the 
bones were narrower in young Lepomis gibbosus than in adults, 
nevertheless they were broader than in Lepomis pallidus of the same 
size and that the teeth in Lepomis gibbosus were much heavier. 

The pharyngeal bones and teeth are similar in form and structure 
in Xystroplites gillit Jordan and Bryttus albulus Girard, but there 
are slight differences in the size of the scales and in proportional 
measurements which have caused us to leave them for the present 
under separate specific names, Lepomis gilli (Jordan) and Lepomis 
albulus (Girard) until an examination of a long series of specimens 
shall show whether they are or are not distinct species. The pharyn- 


1 We are unable to satisfy ourselves of the exact status of the name pallidus and retainit in accordance 
with current usage until a proper decision can be reached. 


no. 1824. NOTES ON THE GENUS LEPOMIS—BEAN AND WEED. 371 


geal bones and teeth of the type of Calliurus murinus Girard are much 
heavier than those of Lepomis cyanellus. They more closely resemble 
Lepomis euryorus McKay. 

We do not have the material available to determine the status of 
Pomotis pallidus Agassiz which has been assigned to the genus 
Eupomotis by Jordan and Evermann. 

Lepomis cyanellus, the type of the genus Apomotis has the pharyn- 
geal bones thinner and lighter than in any of the other sunfishes 
examined. The teeth, however, are heavier than in some other 
species. (See pl. 50.) 

Lepomis auritus, the type of the genus Lepomis, has the pharyn- 
geal bone heavier than in Lepomis cyanellus, with the teeth about the 
same. (See pl. 48.) 

Lepomis pallidus has the pharyngeal bone rather lighter than in 
Lepomis auritus, but heavier than in Lepomis cyanellus. The teeth, 
however, are finer than those of any other species which we have 
examined. (See pl. 49.) 

In Lepomis megalotis the pharyngeal bones are similar to those of 
Lepomis pallidus and the teeth are somewhat heavier. (See pl. 50.) 

Lepomis albulus has the pharyngeal bone about as heavy as in 
Lepomis auritus but the teeth considerably thicker and blunter. 
(See pl. 48.) 

Lepomis euryorus has the pharyngeal teeth about as in Lepomis 
albulus, but the bone is heavier and broader and begins to show 
the condition which Richardson describes for Hupomotis. (See 
pl. 47.) 

Lepomis holbrookit has the pharyngeal bone very heavy and the 
teeth quite variable, but usually half of them, or a little less than half, 
round molars. (See pls.42 and 43.) (Note variations in supplemental 
maxillary.) 

The teeth of the type specimen of Lepomis heros are large molars 
over practically the entire surface of the bone, which is broad but 
not especially thick, much as in Lepomis gibbosus. Two specimens 
from Indiana, labeled as this species, had the bones very broad and 
thick as in Lepomis holbrookiwi, but with a larger proportion of molar 
teeth. (See pls. 44, 45, and 47.) 

Lepomis gibbosus, the type of the genus Hupomotis of Gill and Jor- 
dan, has the pharyngeal bone very broad with very large molar teeth. 
The bone, however, is rather thin as compared with that of Lepomis 
holbrookw. (See pl. 46.) 

The genus Lepomis seems to us to be most certainly a natural 
group. ‘The species are so similar in squamation, coloring, number 
of fin rays, and proportions that with a few well-marked exceptions, 
perhaps only one exception (Lepomis gibbosus), it requires much 
experience and long study to separate species. Adult specimens of 


372 PROCEEDINGS OF THH NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Lepomis gibbosus in bright color can be almost always identified at 
sight, but this can not be said of the others. 

Below we give a list of some of the prominent writers who have 
treated more or less at length of the sunfishes: 

). 8S. Rafinesque! did not mention pharyngeal teeth in his diagnoses 
of the genera Lepomis, Pomotis, and Apomotis. Later (1819-1821) 
the same author? proposed the names Calliurus, Ichthelis (= Lepomis), 
and Telipomis (= Apomotis) giving various unimportant characters 
in his diagnoses, but making no mention of pharyngeal bones or teeth 
or any other structural distinctions. | 

Cuvier and Valenciennes? give paved pharyngeal teeth as one of the 
principal characters of the genus Pomotis. In a revision of the generic 
characters in the seventh volume (1831) this is not mentioned and is 
evidently not considered. 

J. P. Kirtland, in his notes on fishes of the Ohio River,‘ does not 
mention pharyngeal bones in the descriptions. 

Charles Girard did not use this character in his diagnoses of several 
genera of Centrarchide in Fishes of the Pacific Railroad Survey (1858) 
and Fishes of the Mexican Boundary Survey (1859). 

John Edwards Holbrook in the Ichthyology of South Carolina 
(1860) defines the genus Pomotis (= Eupomotis Gill and Jordan) on 
page 7, and Ichthelis (= Lepomis Rafinesque), page 12. He seems to 
have been the first author to have used the character of the pharyn- 
geal teeth as the major difference between groups of sunfishes. We 
quote his diagnosis in full: 


GENUS POMOTIS.—Rajinesque. 


Cuaracters: Pre-opercle more or less denticulated; opercle with a membranous 
appendix at its angle; intermaxillary, vomerine, and inferior maxillary teeth villiform; 
tongue and palate bones smooth, or without teeth; pharyngeal teeth paved; dorsal fin 
single; anal with three spines; branchiostegal rays, six. 


GENUS ICHTHELIS.—Rafinesque. 


CHARACTERS: Body elliptical or oval, much more compressed; mouth small, armed 
with small teeth; pharynqeal teeth not paved; branchiostegal rays, six. 

This is a change from the first edition (1855) where all the species | 
are grouped in the genus Pomotis, which is thus defined on page 6: 

Pre-opercle more or less denticulated; intermaxillary, vomerine, inferior maxillary, | 
and pharyngeal teeth; tongue and palate bones smooth or without teeth, a membra- 
nous appendix at the angle of the opercle; branchial rays, six. 

David Humphreys Storer® mentions minute teeth on pharyngeal as 
one of the characters of Pomotis, but gives it no special consideration. | 

David Starr Jordan® proposes the name Lepiopomus as a better 


1Journ. de Physique, 1819, pp. 402-420. 4 Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vols.3, 4, 5, 1840 to 1845. 
2Tchthyologia Ohiensis, pp. 26, 27. + Fishes of Massachusetts, 1867, p. 12. 
3 Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 3, 1829, p. 91. * Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., 1876, p. 316. 


no. 1824. NOTES ON THE GENUS LEPOMIS—BEAN AND WEED. 373 


spelling for Lepomis. On page 355 of the same publication he pro- 
poses the name Helvoperca as a generic designation for Lepomis pallidus. 

Gill and Jordan! propose the name Hupomotis for the genus typified 
by the common sunfish Hupomotis gubbosus, no diagnosis being given, 
but the synonymy of this species in full as then understood. In the 
same year David Starr Jordan? amplifies the statement of reasons 
for offermg a new name, but gives no generic diagnosis. He adds 
two species to the list of those in the new genus. 

Early in 1877 Doctor Jordan* proposed the name Xenotis for spe- 
cies of Lepomis with the gill rakers on the first arch especially short 
and weak. No mention is made of the pharyngeal bones and the 
generic characters given are not distinctive. 

On May 20, 1877, Edward D. Cope read before the American 
Philosophical Society a paper’ in which he described Xystroplites 
longimanus as a new genus and species from two localities in Florida. 

About the same time Doctor Jordan® described Xystroplites gillit 
“as a new genus and species, giving Garden Key, Florida, as the 
locality from which the specimen was received. This is obviously 
an error and we have no means now of knowing the type-locality of 
this species. Professor Cope says in his description that Doctor 
Jordan’s description was written first and, he supposes, was published 
first. 

The two generic diagnoses are somewhat at variance in describing 
the pharyngeal teeth. We quote both: 


The pharyngeal bones themselves are much narrower and smaller than in Hupo- 
motis, being in form more like those of Xenotis. The teeth are less strongly ‘‘paved,”’ 
being smaller, less crowded, and rounded rather than truncate; on the inner border 
of the bone are a few enlarged acute teeth. (Bull. 10, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 24.) 

Inferior pharyngeal bones wide and robust, and paved with truncate grinding 
teeth. (Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. 17, 1877-78, p. 67.) 


Charles L. McKay ° says of the genus Lepomis: 


This genus, as understood by me, includes Apomotis, Xenotis, Bryttus, Helioperca, 
Xystroplites, and Hupomotis of authors. Apomotis has been separated from Lepomis 
on account of the large size of the supplemental maxillary. On careful comparison this 
- isfound to bescarcely larger than in one or two other species of Lepomis. It disappears 
by degrees, but seems to exist in all the species, though sometimes so small as to be 
inappreciable. I have even found it present in large specimens of L. pallidus. Its 
presence in the species is only a character of degree, therefore not generic. Till the 
group had been more carefully studied, Xenotis was supposed to contain a large number 
of species, and was separated from Lepomis principally for convenience sake and on 
the slight character of the feeble gill rakers. By a comparison of a very large series 
of the alleged species from Professor Jordan’s collection, I have come to the conclusion 
that they are all forms of a single species. The gill rakers are usually rather more 
feeble than in the rest of the species of Lepomis, but this again is a question of degree. 
Bryttus has been distinguished from Lepomis by the presence of palatine teeth. This 


1 Field and Forest, May, 1877, p. 190. 4 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 17, pp. 63 to 68. 
2 Bull. 10, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1877. 6 Bull. 10, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1877, p. 24. 
3 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1877, p. 76. 6 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 4, 1881, June 2. 


374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


is also a character of degree, and is subject to the most perfect gradation. I have 
found it impossible to retain Xystroplites and Hupomotis also, as there is complete 
gradation in the character of the pharyngeals between Lepomis proper and Xystro- 
plites, and again between Xystroplites and Eupomotis both as to the width and form of 
the bones themselves and the form of the teeth. 

Jordan and Gilbert! include all the species in the single genus 
Lepomis, giving as one of the characters “‘lower pharyngeals narrow, 
the teeth conic or paved.”’ - That this will not hold true of all species 
may be seen from an examination of the accompanying illustrations. 

Charles Harvey Bollman, in A Review of the Centrarchidz, 
places all the species under one generic name, Lepomis. 

Boulenger* separates the genera Apomotis, Lepomis, and Hupo- 
motis on the characters of the supplemental maxillary and of the form 
of the pectoral fin. He does not mention the pharyngeal bones or 
teeth. 

Jordan and Evermann‘ base the genera Apomotis, Lepomis, and 
Eupomotis on the characters of the pharyngeal teeth and the supple- - 
mental maxillary. Under the genus Lepomis, page 999, they say: 
‘ck 3 %* lower pharyngeals narrow, the teeth spherical or paved, 
all or nearly all sharp, few or none conical.” This does not hold true 
of Lepomis pallidus or Lepomis megalotis. 

Tarleton H. Bean * follows Jordan and Evermann ® in assigning 
characters to the three genera. 

Robert Earl Richardson? disagrees with the findings of McKay 
and of Bollman and makes two genera, Lepomis and Eupomotis, on 
the character of the pharyngeal teeth. He examined the bones and 
teeth of many specimens of about fifteen species. His conclusions 
were justified by the material used and it was largely by accident 
that we found the intermediate conditions. 

Henry W. Fowler ® mentions the pharyngeal teeth in the key to 
the genera of Centrarchide, where he used the same terms descriptive 
of the shape of teeth and bones as are used by Jordan and Evermann °® 
In the description of Lepomis phenax (p. 290) and of Huwpomotis 
gibbosus (p. 295) the pharyngeal bones and teeth are briefly described. 

Hugh M. Smith * includes all the species mentioned under the 
genus Lepomis, giving the following diagnosis on page 239: 

Body ovate, compressed, the dorsal outline in adults rather more strongly arched 


than the ventral; mouth of moderate size, jaws equal, maxillary narrow and not 
extending beyond pupil, supplemental bone small or wanting; no teeth on tongue 


1Bull. 16, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882, p. 472. 

2 Report U.S. Fish Commission for 1888 (1892), p. 565. 

3 Catalogue of Fishes in the British Museum, ed. 2, voi. 1, p. 6. 
4Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 1, 1896. 

5 Fishes of New York, 1903, pp. 475, 477, 482. 

6 Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus. 

7Bull. Ill. State Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, March, 1904, p. 27. 

8 Fishes of New Jersey, 1905, p. 728. 

9Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus. 

10 Fishes of North Carolina, 1907. 


No. 1824. NOTES ON THE GENUS LEPOMIS—BEAN AND WEED. 875 


or pterygoids; pharyngeal bones narrow or broad, with sharp or blunt paved teeth; 
preopercular margin entire; opercle ending in a more or less elongated flap which is 
conspicuously colored; gill rakers usually short and feeble; dorsal spines, 10; anal 
spines, 3; caudal fin concave or emarginate behind; pectorals long or short, pointed 
or rounded. 


Forbes and Richardson! say: 
Mh 


The genus Lepomis, as here understood, includes A pomotis of various authors. The 
forms that have been known under these two names agree in their pharyngeal denti- 
tion, which is remarkably different from that of the genus Eupomotis. The fact that 
the opercular flap is usually either entirely black or black with a definite border above, 
behind, and below serves as a useful distinction of the species of this genus from the 
single commonly distributed species of Eupomotis (E. gibbosus), in which there is 
always a conspicuous roundish spot of red at the lower posterior corner of the opercular 
flap. 


In a footnote on the same page they add: 


We have not found the ‘‘complete gradation in the character of pharyngeals between 
Lepomis * * * and Eupomotis, both as to the width and form of the bones them- 
selves and the form of the teeth” that was described by McKay (Proc. U.S. Nat. 
Mus., vol. 4, 1881, p. 88). (See Richardson, 1904, Bull. Ill. State Lab. Nat. Hist., 
vol. 7, pp. 27-32.) 


Also on page 259 under genus Hupomotis: 


Form as in Lepomis; mouth always small; no supplemental maxillary bone and no 
teeth on palatines; lower pharyngeals deep and broad, with inferior and lateral 
prominences, the width of the toothed portion about 2 in its length; pharyngeal teeth 
short with the upper surfaces bluntly rounded or paved (truncate); gill-rakers short; 
fins rather long; red color on opercular flap in typical species forming a roundish 
spot. Eastern United States and Canada; 3 species. 


Meek and Hildebrand ? adopt the generic diagnosis of Forbes and 


Richardson. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


PLATE 42. 


Fig. 1. Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis holbrookii, Cat. No. 66310, 
U.S.N.M., South Carolina (?). > 6 diameters. Fish 25 cm. long. 
2. Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. X 6 diameters. 
3. Right maxillary of same showing supplemental bone. X 6 diameters. 


Puate 43. 


Fig. 1. Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis holbrookii, Cat. No. 66311, 
. U.S.N.M., South Carolina(?). > 6 diameters. Fisk 20.4 cm. long. 
2. Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. X 6 diameters. 
3. Right maxillary of same, supplemental bone absent. 6 diameters. 


Puate 44. 


Fig. 1. Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis heros, Cat. No. 65185, U.S.N.M., 
Lake Maxinkuckee, Indiana.  X 6 diameters. Fish 17.4 cm. long. 
2. Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. X 6 diameters. 
3. Right maxillary of same, no supplemental bone. X 6 diameters. 


1 Fishes of Illinois, 1907, p. 247. 
2Fishes Known to Occur Within Fifty Miles of Chicago, Field Mus., Zool. Ser., vol. 7, No. 9, April, 
1910, pp. 311 and 314, 


376 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Fig. 1. 


2. 


Fig. 1. 


Fig. 1. 


PLATE 45. 


Left side of lower pharyngeal of Lepomis heros, Cat. No. 65192, U.S.N.M., 
Lost Lake, Indiana. X 6 diameters. Fish 22.2 cm. long. 
Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. > 6 diameters. 


PLATE 46. 


Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis gibbosus from Washington, Dis- 
trict of Columbia. 6 diameters. Fish about 15 cm. long. 


. Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. 6 diameters. 
. Right maxillary of same, no supplemental bone. 6 diameters. 
. Upper pharyngeal of Lepomis heros, Cat. No. 65185, U.S.N.M., from Lake 


Maxinkuckee, Indiana. 6 diameters. 


. Upper pharyngeal of Lepomis holbrookui, Cat. No. 66310, U.S.N.M., from 


South Carolina (?). 6 diameters. 


Puate 47. 


. Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis heros, from type of Pomotis heros 


Girard, Cat. No. 438, U.S.N.M., Texas. 6 diameters. Fish 18.5 cm. 
long. 


. Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. _ 6 diameters. 
. Left side of left lower pharyngeal of type of Lepomis euryorus McKay, Cat. 


No. 4109, U.S.N.M., Lake Huron. 6 diameters. Fish 17.5 cm. long. 


. Dorsal aspect.of left lower pharyngeal of same. 6 diameters. 


Puate 48. 


. Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis albulus, from type of Bryttus 


albulus Girard, Cat. No. 421, U.S.N.M., Texas. 6 diameters. Fish 
15.5 em. long. 


. Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. 6 diameters. 
. Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis auritus, Cat. No. 44139, U.S.N.M., 


Laurel, Maryland. 6 diameters. Fish 15.5 cm. long. 


. Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. 6 diameters. 


Puate 49. 


. Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis pallidus, Cat. No. 66312 :, OS 


South Carolina (?). 6 diameters. Fish 21.6 cm. long. 


. Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. 6 diameters. 
. Right maxillary of same, no supplemental bone. 6 diameters. 
. Left side of lower pharyngeal of Lepomis pallidus, Cat. No. 64234, U.S.N.M., 


Sodus Bay, Wayne County, New York. 6 diameters. 


. Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. 6 diameters. 


= Puate 50. 


Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis megalotis from Tippecanoe River, 
Marshland, Indiana. 6 diameters. Fish 11.9 cm. long. 


. Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. 6 diameters. 
. Right maxillary of same, showing supplemental bone. 6 diameters. 
. Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis cyanellus, Cat. No. 64372, U.S.N.M., 


Washington, District of Columbia. Fish 14.1 cm. long. 


. Dorsal aspect of Teft lower pharyngeal of same. 6 diameters. 
. Right maxillary of same, supplemental bone present. 6 diametexs. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 42 


3 


LEPOMIS HOLBROOKII. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 3/5. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 43 


9 
re) 


LEPOMIS HOLBROOKII. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 375. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 


3 


LEPOMIS HEROS. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 375. 


44 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 45 


2 


LEPOMIS HEROS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 376. 


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REMARKS ON THE LONG-TAILED SHREWS OF THE 
EASTERN UNITED STATES, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A 
NEW SPECIES. 


By N. Hotiister, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Mammals, U. S. National Museum. 


Since the publication of Dr. C. Hart Merriam’s Synopsis of the 
American Shrews of the genus Sorex, 1895,! the number of specimens 
from southern localities has been greatly increased. Aside from 
Sorex personatus and S. fumeus from mountain localities, there was 
nothing available at that time but two imperfect specimens of the 
supposed ‘‘lesueurti,” a few specimens of S. fishert from the Dismal 
Swamp, and perhaps half a dozen specimens from Raleigh, North 
Carolina, which were assumed to represent Sorex longirostris, described 
by Bachman from the swamps of the Santee River, South Carolina. 
The overhauling of the old alcoholic shrews in the collection of the 
United States National Museum and a study of the recently acquired 
material in skins and skulls have resulted in some interesting discoy- 
eries and given a better understanding of the southern forms of 
Sorex than was ever before possible. South of New York and Wis- 
consin the restricted genus Sorex is represented by five distinct 
species.” 

SOREX PERSONATUS I. Geoffroy. 


1827. Sorex personatus I. GEorrroy, Mém. mus. d’hist. nat. Paris, vol. 15, p. 122. 


The most abundant and generally distributed species in the north- 
ern States, this shrew is represented in the collection by many 
specimens from Maine to Wisconsin. The few specimens from the 
southern boundary of its range in the upper Mississippi Valley 
(southeastern Wisconsin, northern Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio) and 
from New Jersey and the lower Hudson Valley, New York, average 
slightly smaller than specimens from New England, northern New 
York, northern Wisconsin, and Minnesota, the skulls averaging about 
1 millimeter shorter, with flatter braincases. Farther south, where 
the species occurs only in the mountains of Maryland, the Virginias, 

1 North Amer. Fauna, No. 10, pp. 57-98, December 31, 1895. 


2 Three other long-tailed shrews have been found in this area: Neosorex albibarbis in Pennsylvania, Micro- 
sorex hoyi in Ohio, and Microsorer winnemana in Virginia and Maryland. ; 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No. 1825. 


re) 
~] 
A 


378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


and North Carolina, the specimens are intermediate between those 
from the previously mentioned northern and southern areas. The 
difference in series of skulls is very noticeable, but it is difficult to 
assion a definite distribution for a southern race and it seems hardly 
proper to recognize one. The name Sorex personatus platyrhinus 
(De Kay),! type-locality Tappan, Rockland County, New York, is 
available should a southern subspecies of personatus ever be recog- 
nized. 

The name Sorax personatus lesueuri (Duvernoy), based on a 
specimen from the Wabash Valley, Indiana, has been used for a 
southern form of personatus. As no specimen of a shrew of the 
personatus type is known from southern Indiana, and the few speci- 
mens collected in that region have all very surprisingly proved 
referable to Sorex longirostris Bachman, it is obvious that the name 
Amphisorex lesueurit Duvernoy is not applicable to a personatus 
shrew.2. The status of Sorex fimbripes Bachman, 1837, is discussed 


below. 
SOREX FONTINALIS, new species. 


1895. [Sorex personatus] lesueuri Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, No. 10, p. 61, 
December 31 (in part, as to specimen from Sandy Spring, Maryland). Not 
Amphisorex lesueurti Duvernoy, 1842. 

Type.—From Cold Spring Swamp, near Beltsville, Maryland. 
Cat. No. 85439, U.S.N.M. Skin and skull, old adult female. Col- 
lected November 6, 1898, by Gerrit S. Miller, jr. 

General characters —A diminutive shrew of the S. personatus group; 
smaller than personatus, with much shorter tail. 

Color.—Aimost precisely like personatus. The type matches ex- 
actly a skin of S. personatus from Highland Falls, New York, col- 
lected in September. Upperparts dark sepia, darkest posteriorly; 
sides lighter, about broccoli brown; underparts brownish gray; tail 
distinctly bicolor, tip blackish. Specimens collected in February and 
March are darker than the type, and a skin collected in May is much 
browner. 

Skull and teeth—Skull, compared with S. personatus, much smaller; 
braincase narrow and compressed; rostrum shorter and relatively 
wider, less attenuate. Teeth as in personatus, but unicuspids more 
crowded and uniformly decreasing in size from first to fourth. 

Measurements.—F lesh measurements of type: Total length, 90 mm.; 
tail vertebrae, 31; hind foot, 10. (An average specimen of S. persona- 
tus from the Catskills measures: Length, 99; tail, 40; hind foot, 12.) 
Skull of type: Condylobasal length, 14.2; breadth of brain case, 7; 
greatest anteorbital breadth, 3.9; length of bony palate, 5.6. 


1 Zool. New York, Mamm., 1842, p. 22, pl. 5, fig. 1. 
2Dr. W. L. Hahn has, in his Mammals of Indiana, 1909, p. 607, already placed lesweurii in the 
synonymy of S. longirostris. 


NO. 1825. THE LONG-TAILED SHREWS—HOLLISTER. 379 


Remarks.—There are no specimens showing intergradation be- 
tween this species and Sorex personatus. Specimens of personatus 
from the mountains of western Maryland and Virginia in no way 
approach it in external or cranial characters, and it is apparently a 
true Austral species, perfectly distinct from the species of the southern 
Alleghenies. Only ten specimens of Sorex fontinalis are known. 
They were all collected near the District of Columbia, in Maryland, 
at localities as follows: Beltsville, 2; Hyattsville, 5;! Laurel, 2; Sandy 
Spring, 1. 

SOREX LONGIROSTRIS Bachman. 
1837. Sorex longirostris BacuMAN, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 7, pt. 2, 
p. 370. 
1842. Amphisorex lesueurtt DuvERNOy, Mag. de zool., ser. 2, mamm., p. 33, 
November. 
1901. Sorex personatus lesueurvi MILLER and Regn, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hisit., 
vol. 30, No. 1, p. 235, December. 

An alcoholic specimen of this rare shrew from Butler, Taylor 
County, Georgia, has been found in the collection of the National 
Museum. It was presented by Dr. H. M. Neisler, and was cata- 
logued in 1873 as No. 11318. The locality is the most southern 
point from which Sorex is known in the eastern United States, and 
the specimen is of great interest because it probably represents the 
typical form of Bachman’s S. longirostris, described from the Swamps 
of the Santee River, South Carolina. The specimen, a pregnant 
female, is in an excellent state of preservation. It measures (from 
alcohol, before removal of the skull): Total length, 82 mm.; tail 
vertebre, 28; hind foot, 10.5. The skull measures: Condylobasal 
length, 14.1; breadth of cranium, 7.4; greatest anteorbital breadth, 
4.2; length of bony palate, 5.3. 

Howell has already recorded this species from northern Georgia 
and from Bicknell, Indiana,’ and its known range was still further 
extended by the capture of a specimen at Chesapeake Beach, Cal- 
vert County, Maryland, July 3, 1908, by Dr. M. W. Lyon, jr. An 
additional specimen from Washington, District of Columbia, collected 
by C. Girard, and entered April 19, 1855, as number 637, has been 
found in the Museum collection. The skin without skull, from New 
Harmony, Indiana, recorded somewhat doubtfully by Doctor Merriam 
as Sorex personatus lesueurii, seems certainly to be S. longirostris. 
At that time the occurrence of this species in Indiana was unthought 
of, and the determination of a skin alone, with so few specimens of 
longirostris for comparison, was virtually impossible. The eight 
specimens * before me show a little variation in the shape of the 

1 Biological Survey collection. 

2 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 22, p. 66, Apr. 17, 1909. 


8 Five specimens from Biological Survey collection; Young Harris, Georgia; Raleigh, North Carolina; 
New Harmony and Bicknell, Indiana. 


380 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 


braincase, probably due to age, but all seem to belong to one wide- 
ranging form. If larger series from Illinois and Indiana should 
show the northern specimens to be separable, the name Sorex longi- 
rostris lesueurta (Duvernoy), type-locality Wabash River, Indiana, is 


available. 
SOREX FISHERI Merriam. 


/ 


1895. Sorex fisheri MERR1AM, North Amer. Fauna, No. 10, p. 86, December 31. , 


This very distinct species continues to be known only from the 
Dismal Swamp, Virginia. In addition to the original specimens, a 
series of skins with skulls and alcoholic specimens was collected by 
Dr. W. L. Ralph and Lieut. J. W. Daniel, jr., and presented to the 
National Museum. The species is apparently related to S. longirostris, 
but is readily recognizable by its larger size and much larger skull. 
A litter of five young was collected by Doctor Ralph in the Dismal 
Swamp, May, 1905, and preserved in alcohol. 


SOREX FUMEUS Miller. 
1895. Sorex fumeus MittER, North Amer. Fauna, No. 10, p. 50, December 31. 


This species extends it range down the Alleghenies as far south 
as Brasstown Bald, Georgia, from which locality it has been recorded 
by Howell.t. The National Museum collection contains specimens 
from southern localities as follows: Mount Rogers, Grayson County, 
and Rowleysburg, Virginia; Franklin, West Virginia; Roan Moun- 
tain, North Carolina. A single specimen from Racine, Wisconsin, 
carries the known range far to the west. The southern specimens 
seem perfectly typical. 


NOTE ON THE SUPPOSED TYPE OF SOREX FIMBRIPES. 


Bachman described Sorex fimbripes? from a specimen received at 
the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences from Drurys Run, Pennsyl- 
vania. Baird, in the Mammals of North America, 1857, states that 
he had not seen the type, which he says is in the Philadelphia Acad- 
emy. Coues, 1877,3 writes: ‘‘In 1861 Baird examined Bachman’s 
type, preserved in the Philadelphia Academy, and found it to be a 
species of ordinary 32-toothed shrew, scarcely or not distinguishable 
from ‘cooperi.’” On this authority Miller* placed the name in 
the synonymy of Sorex personatus, remarking on the strange charac- 
ters attributed to the animal by Bachman. As recorded by Lyon and 
Osgood,* an alcoholic shrew, without number and absolutely without 
record, but bearing a parchment label marked ‘‘Sorex jfimbripes, 
Type,” was found in the National Museum early in 1898. In the 


1 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 22, p. 66, Apr. 17, 1909. 

2Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1837, vol. 7, pt. 2, p. 391. 

3 Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey of Terr., 1877, vol. 3, p. 641. 
4N. Amer. Fauna, No. 10, p. 41, 1895. 

5 Cat. Type-Spec. Mamm. in U.S. Nat. Mus., p. 243, 1909. 


NO. 1825. THE LONG-TAILED SHREWS—HOLLISTER. 381 


type-catalogue, as is carefully stated, the locality, Drurys Run, 
Pennsylvania, was supplied from Bachman’s description. The skull 
of this specimen has recently been removed, and it proves to be not 
personatus, but Sorex fumeus. A careful comparison of the specimen 
with Bachman’s description makes it perfectly obvious that it is Nor 
the single specimen he had before him when he wrote the diagnosis 
of Sorex fimbripes. Beyond a point where a specimen of any shrew 
might answer, it does not agree with any of the alleged characters, 
and in all the distinctive characters mentioned differs widely in every 
detail. In measurements particularly it differs so greatly that it is 
at once evident this specimen has no claim as the type and it seems 
probable it did not come from Drurys Run and was never in Bach- 
man’s hands. At the time the label was written the word ‘‘type” 
had a very different meaning from what it now has and was used 
for various purposes. Several specimens in the collection are 
marked ‘‘type” which have not the shghtest claim, in the modern 
meaning of the word, to that distinction. Some were even collected 
after the description was published. The writing on the parchment 
label of this specimen is probably that of Professor Baird, who may 
or may not have believed that the specimen was the original of 
Bachman’s description. 

The description of Sorex fimbripes differs so widely from any known 
American shrew that the name is probably unidentifiable. This 
specimen at any rate can not be considered the type, and the fact that 
it proves to be the same as Sorex fumeus in no way invalidates that 
currently used name. 


NOTE ON THE SOREX ACADICUS OF GILPIN. 


Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., has called my attention to the fact that the 
identity of the shrew described by Gilpin,t from Nova Scotia, as 
Sorex acadicus, has never been determined. A careful review of 
Gilpin’s papers makes it reasonably certain that. his species is 
Sorex personatus. The only characters given which are of value 
as evidence are the measurements, and_ these, though differing 
considerably among themselves, agree best with the measurements of 
Sorex personatus. The size as given in the table of measurements of 
five specimens is: Length, 3§ to 4 inches (=97 to 103 mm.), and tail, 
145 to 2 inches (=41 to 51 mm.). This is large for Microsorex hoyi 
and too small for Sorex fumeus. Though the length of tail is some- 
what great for S. personatus, it is too short for S. macrurus, and 
was doubtless taken to the end of hairs. At present it seems per- 
fectly proper to consider Sorex acadicus Gilpin a synonym of Sorex 
personatus. 


1Trans, Nova-Scotian Inst. Nat. Sci., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 2, 1867. Erroneously marked vol. 2. 


THE RECENT AND FOSSIL MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS 
BITTIUM FROM THE WEST COAST OF AMERICA. 


By Pavuxt Bartscu, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Mollusks, U. S. National Museum. 


The first Bittiwm known from the west coast of America was 
reported by A. A. Gould’ in 1849, when he described Cerithium 
filosum from the northwestern coast. Unfortunately, Philippi had 
used this name for a different species the year previous, thus pre- 
occupying the above combination. Thesame year A. T. von Midden- 
dorff * described the same species as Turritella eschrichtii. 

Bittium eschrichti Middendorff remained the unique representative 
until 1857, when Dr. P. P. Carpenter * published Cerithiopsis decus- 
sata from Mazatlan, Mexico. To these William M. Gabb‘ added 
Turbonilla aspera, a fossil species from the Lower Pleistocene of 
Santa Barbara, California, in 1861. Bittium nitens, a fourth species, 
was described by Doctor Carpenter® in 1864, from Cape St. Lucas, 
Lower California. 

A large number of new forms were listed in the Supplementary 
Report on the Present State of our Knowledge with Regard to the 
Mollusca of the West Coast of North America, by Dr. P. P. Car- 
penter® in 1864. In this report Doctor Carpenter gives a list of the 
shells known to him and adds a few words of diagnosis to the new 
forms, which are later fully described in various journals. The 
species here listed are: 

Cerithiopsis munita, pages 628 and = Bittiwm ? var. esuriens, page 655. 

660. Bittium attenuatum, page 655. 
Bittium filosum Gould= E'sch- 

richtw. Middendorff, page 655. 


1 Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, p. 120. 

2 Beitr. Mal. Ross., vol. 2, 1849, p. 68, pl. 11, fig. 1. 
3Cat. Mazatlan Shells, 1857, p. 368. 

4Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 368. 

5 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 13, p. 479. 

6 Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. for 1863, published in 1864. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No, 1826. 
383 


384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Bittium quadrifilatum, page 655. — Rissoa interfossa, page 656. 
Bittieum asperum, page 655. Cerithiopsis purpurea, page 660. 
Bittium armillatum, page 655. Cerithiopsis fortior, page 660. 


Bittium fastiqgiatum, page 655. 
Of these, Bittiwm?, var. esuriens Carpenter has proved to be a syno- 
nym of Bittiwm attenuatum Carpenter, and Cerithiopsis fortior Car- 
penter is synonymous with Rissoa interfossa, while Bittium asperum 
was later diagnosed by him as Bittiwm rugatum, and Bittiwm fasti- 
guatum is now referred to the genus Diastoma. 

In 1865 we find no additional species added to the Bittium fauna, 
but a more complete diagnosis for— 
Bittium % var. esuriens Carpenter. Cerithiopsis purpurea Carpenter. 
Bittium attenuatum Carpenter. Cerithiopsis fortior Carpenter. 
Bittium quadrifilatum Carpenter. — Cerithiopsis munitum Carpenter. 
Reference to these descriptions can be found under each species in 
the present text. 

The following year we find the complete diagnosis of— 
Rissoa interfossa Carpenter, Bittium armillatum Carpenter, 
and a full description of the species listed in 1864 as Bittium asperum 
Carpenter, which he now names Bitttwm rugatum Carpenter. Here 
also he refers Turbonilla aspera Gabb properly to the present genus. 

The genus Bittium breaks up into several convenient groups, on 
the west coast of America, which may be considered subgenera. 
These are characterized in the following key: 


KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF BITTIUM, OCCURRING ON THE WEST COAST OF AMERICA. 


Nuclear whorls with two spiral lirations. 
Postnuclear whorls having varices. Bittiwm Leach s. s. 
Postnuclear whorls without varices Lirobittiwm, new subgenus. Type B. (L.) 
catalinense Bartsch. 
Nuclear whorls smooth. 
Spiral sculpture predominating over the axial. Stylidium Dall. 
Spiral sculpture not predominating over the axial. Semibittiwm Cossmann. 


Bittium s. s. is represented by two species only in the area under 
discussion, namely B. panamense Bartsch and B. johnstone Bartsch, 
the first coming from Panama, the last from Lower California, while 
of Stylidium but one species, B. (S.) eschrichtii Middendorff, and two 
subspecies, B. (S.) e. icelum Bartsch and B. (S.) e. montereyense are 
known. 


To Semibittium I refer the following thirteen forms: 


armillatum Carpenter. attenuatum latifilosum Bartsch. 
purpureum Carpenter. subplanatum Bartsch. 
vancouverense Dall and Bartsch. — rugatum Carpenter. 

attenuatum Carpenter. quadrifilatum Carpenter. 
attenuatum boreale Bartsch. nicholsi Bartsch. 


attenuatum multifilosum Bartsch. nitens Carpenter. 


nNo.1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BiTTIUM—BARTSCH. 385 


Three, B. armillatum, purpureum, and vancouverense, are placed 
here with some doubt because the nuclear whorls are somewhat worn 
and it is barely possible that they may possess sculpture when 
perfect. 

Lnrobittium has nine forms on the west coast. Of these, two only 
are placed here of which I have not seen the nucleus in perfect. condi- 
tion, namely, B. (Z.) munitum Carpenter and B. larum Bartsch. 
However, since B. (L.) munitum munitoides Bartsch belongs here, 
there can scarcely be any doubt about placing munitum in this posi- 
tion. 

The species of Lirobittium are: 


interfossum Carpenter. munitum munitoide Bartsch. 
catalinense Bartsch. asperum Gabb. 

catalinense inornatum Bartsch. - asperum lomaénse Bartsch. 
ornatissumum Bartsch. cerralvoénse Bartsch. 
munitum Carpenter. larum Bartsch. 


Of the following seven species, I have not seen the nuclear whorls; 
their subgeneric position must, therefore, remain doubtful until more 
perfect material has been examined. They will probably prove to be 
Semibittvum or Lirobittium. 


oldroydz Bartsch. giganteum Bartsch. 
fetellum Bartsch. casmaliense Bartsch. 
decussatum Carpenter. arnoldy Bartsch. 


Five species, Bittuum (Stylidium) eschrichtii, Bittium catalinense, 
Bittvum catalinense inornatum, Bittium attenuatum, and Bittium quadri- 
filatum, occur both recent and fossil. The first, Bittiwm (Stylidium) 
eschrichtvi, has been reported by Doctor Dall! from Fossil Rock at 
Coos Bay, Oregon (Pliocene), but so far has not been found fossil in 
any Pleistocene strata. 

Bittium catalinense Bartsch is known from the Lower Pleistocene of 
Santa Barbara and San Pedro (Lower San Pedro series), and is found 
living in rather deep water. The subspecies Bittiwm catalinense 
inornatum Bartsch is known from the Lower Pleistocene of San Diego 
and recent. Bittiwm attenuatum Carpenter is the most abundant 
recent Bittvwm and has been found fossil in the Lower San Pedro 
Series at San Pedro (Pleistocene). Bittiwm quadrifilatum Carpenter 
is a common recent species also found in the Lower Pleistocene of 
Santa Barbara, California. 

Of the seven species known as fossils only, Bittiwm casmaliense 
Bartsch and Bittium arnoldi Bartsch are from the Lower Pliocene of 
Santa Barbara County, California, while Bittiwm asperum Gabb has 


1 Prof. Paper 59, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1909, p. 76. 
80796°—Proc.N.M. vol. 40—11——25 


386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEZUM. von. 40. 


been reported from the Upper Pliocene, Fernando Formation, at 
Bath-house Beach, Santa Barbara, and the Pleistocene of Santa 
Barbara, San Pedro, and San Diego, California. 

The remaining four— 
Bittium armillatum Carpenter, Bittuum giganteum Bartsch, and 
Bittium ornatissimum Bartsch, Bittuum rugatum Carpenter, 
are from the Pleistocene of California. Their distribution is noted 
after their description in the text. 

The illustrations accompanying this paper! are after photographs 
made by Mr. T. W. Smillie, and were retouched by Mr. R. Weber. 


BITTIUM (BITTIUM) PANAMENSE, new species. 


Plate 53, fig. 5. 


Shell large, elongate-conic, brown, variegated with whitish areas. 
Nuclear Rhone snail partly decollated, a little more than one, smooth, 
the remaining portion with two spiral lirations. Post- yitellen whorls 
marked by feeble spiral cords which are a little stronger on the early 
whorls than on the later ones. Three of these cords occur upon each 
of the first five whorls, while on the sixth turn a fourth makes its 
appearance at the summit; this rapidly increases in strength and 
soon equals the other three. In addition to the spiral cords, the 
whorls are marked by axial ribs which are much more strongly 
developed on the early whorls than on the later ones. On the later 
whorls they are merely indicated by the tubercles resulting from the 
junctions of the cords and ribs. The tubercles are truncated ante- 
riorly and slope gently posteriorly. Moderately strong varices occur 
at irregular intervals. On the last two whorls a slender spiral thread 
makes its appearance in the middle between the median tubercles 
and also in the space between the two anterior cords. Sutures 
weakly impressed. Periphery and base of the last whorl moderately 


long, well rounded, marked by ten spiral cords which are truncated 
posteriorly and slope gently anteriorly. These cords decrease regu- 


larly in size from the periphery to the columella, over which the last 
three extend. In addition to this sculpture, the entire surface is 
marked by numerous fine lines of growth and exceedingly fine, spiral 
striations. Aperture moderately large, irregularly ovate, decidedly 
channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing 
the external sculpture within, which renders the margin sinuous; 
columella short, stout, twisted, and very strongly reflected; parietal 
wall glazed with a thin callus. 


1Tn the preparation of the present diagnoses the following terminology is used: 

“Axial sculpture,’”’ the markings which extend from the summit of the whorls toward the umbilicus. 
The axial sculpture may be— 

“Vertical,’’? when the markings are in general parallelism with the axis of the shell. 

“Protractive,’? when the markings slant forward from the preceding suture. 

“‘Retractive,’’ when the markings slant backward from the suture. 

‘Spiral sculpture,’’ the markings following the directions of the coils of the whorls. 


NO, 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 387 


The type (Cat. No. 32271, U.S.N.M.) comes from Panama. It has 
twelve post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 14 mm., diameter 
4.1 mm. 

BITTIUM (BITTIUM) JOHNSTON, new species. 
Plate 53, fig. 6. 


Shell very elongate-conic, chestnut brown with strong white varices 
at irregular intervals. (Nuclear whorls decollated.) Post-nuclear 
whorls well rounded, the early turns ornamented with four spiral 
keels, all of which, except the anterior one, which is at the summit, 
are of equal size and about as wide as the spaces that separate them; 
the one at the summit being much more slender. On the last three 
whorls the keel at the summit divides into two slender threads, 
which occupy the same amount of space as the single keel does on the 
earlier turns. In addition to the spiral keels, the whorls are marked 
by strong, well-rounded, axial ribs which are about two-thirds as 
wide as the spaces that separate them. These ribs render the spiral 
keels tuberculate at their intersection. There are 12 ribs upon the 
third, 14 upon the fourth, 16 upon the fifth and sixth, and 18 upon 
the seventh turn. On the last two whorls, four axial ribs occur 
between each pair of varices. Varices very large and conspicuous. 
Sutures strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well 
rounded, marked by a slender spiral cord which is not tuberculate. 
Base rather prolonged, well rounded, marked by four equal and 
equally spaced spiral cords, of which the last is immediately behind 
the columella. Entire surface of base marked by numerous, rather 
strong lines of growth. Aperture ovate, decidedly channeled ante- 
riorly; outer lip thin at the edge, rendered sinuous by the external 
sculpture which is visible within; columella very short, curved, and 
covered on its entire surface by a strong callus, which also extends 
over the parietal wall. 

The type (Cat. No. 196208, U.S.N.M.) was collected by Mrs. E. E. 
Johnston in Lower California. It has ten whorls and measures: 
Length 7.9 mm., diameter 2.6 mm. 

Named for Mrs. E. E. Johnston. 


BITTIUM (STYLIDIUM) ESCHRICHTII Middendorff. 
Plate 58, fig. 4. 


Cerithium filosum Goutp, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, 1849, p. 120, not 
of Philippi, Zeitschr. fiir Mal., 1848, p. 143. 
Turritella eschrichtit MippENDORF®, Beitr. Mal. Ross., vol. 2, p. 68, pl. 11, fig. 1, 


1849. 

Bittium filosum CARPENTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. for 1863, 1864, p. 655.— 
ARNOLD, Pal. and Strat. San Pedro, 1903, p. 292. 

Bittium (Stylidium) eschrichttt Dati, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, No. 1564, p. 
178, Oct., 1907. 

Bittium (Stylidium) eschrichtvi Dau, Prof. Paper 59, U.S. Geol. Surv., p. 76, pl.14, 
fig. 2, 1909. 


388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. 


Shell broadly elongate-conic, rather coarse, varying in color from 
white to chestnut brown. The nucleus consists of a single, smooth, 
white whorl, well rounded. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, 
marked by four strong, somewhat flattened, spiral keels between the 
sutures, which are separated by deep, strong, spiral grooves about two- 
thirds as wide as the keels. In addition to this spiral sculpture, the 
whorls are marked by numerous fine, spiral striations and fine lines 
of growth. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a sulcus as wide 
as the sulci between the keels on the spire. Base well rounded, 
marked by eight equally spaced spiral cords, which grow successively 
weaker from the periphery to the umbilical area. In addition to 
these cords the base is marked by fine spiral lines and fine lines of 
growth. Aperture oval, somewhat effuse anteriorly; posterior angle 
obtuse; outer lip thin, rendered wavy by the external sculpture; 
columella short, very broad at base, somewhat twisted and reflected; 
parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. 

The specimen described and figured (Cat. No. 122558, U.S.N.M.) 
has nine post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 14 mm., diameter 
5 mm., and was collected on the beach at Sitka, Alaska. 


Specimens examined. 


Catalogue : Number of 
No. Locality. specimens. 
T5LG260 a eKallisnoomAlasks eye escacree sere eters seat tetatceate estates siya reer eyegs 3 

Ta218 Sitka, Alaska Se 4.) lo Oe EN ee Ue la aac: Seve ree eae 5 
122558 | Sitka, Alaska (described and figured)...........-..--.--------- 1 
OST i oltka Alas kat hee sarc) ae clamiaieeinscterninnae eieieersta are spe Cee eh Ie ee 1 
LOSTLS een Oe ae EE eo SE Se naan ej uisteee eee mame @ee eens 10 
160565) i) Biorkavislands|Sitka Sound, Allaskaie see. 2 eee. see e ee eee eee 1 
193687 | Cormorant Island, Alert Bay, Alaska...........-..-..--------- 1 
195120) 1 Barclay)Sound British Columbiaseseeons. ose. ae eee oan ae 19 
152909" al: INeahiBay:/se5 aed se ceecw cs sem aes cee secede nate = cles Cin ericinereeme 29 

23382 |.---- Oe Re Befe 2 aoc gece emer ante Meee EOE Moen ene 73 

S0a0 “Al ULelISOUNG Ra. eescecte cee Sater eas cee cme o tees oeiaeeseosereee 9 

5575 | Puget Sound (type of Bittium filosum Gould).........-.------- 1 

133690) te Dacoma Wiashingtoneemerceceseeeeacee nese eoEeen ere te saroe 4 

195119)" Port Ludlow, Washineton: s-Setecese cscs tcet -ceeeee eee 4 
FOSSIL. 

153992 | Fossil Rock, Coos Bay, Oregon (Pliocene)........-.-..-.------- 1 


BITTIUM (STYLIDIUM) ESCHRICHTII ICELUM Bartsch. 
Plate 57, fig. 3. 


Bittium (Stylidium) eschrichtii icelum Bartscu, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 
1907, p. 178. 


In B. eschrichtia only the early whorls show axial ribs. In the pres- 
ent form they are well developed on all the turns, weakening only on 
the last. The type, Cat. No. 15209a, U.S.N.M., was collected by 
J. G. Swan at Neah Bay, Washington. It has nine whorls (the 
nucleus being lost) and measures: Length 15 mm., diameter 5.5 mm. 
Another specimen, Cat. No. 32209, U.S.N.M., belongs to the Stearns 
collection and comes from Monterey, California. 


no. 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSOH. 389 


BITTIUM (STYLIDIUM) ESCHRICHTII MONTEREYENSE Bartsch. 
Plate 58, fig. 5. 


Bittium (Stylidium) eschrichtii montereyense Bartscu, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 33, 1907, p. 178-179. 


This form is a southern race of B. eschrichtii. It differs from the 
typical form in being less strongly spirally keeled, much more smooth, 
more slender, and in every way more elegant than eschrichtvi. The 
typical form varies in color from brown to white, and is very rarely 
spotted. In montereyense the variegated forms predominate—that is, 
the shells are whitish mottled with rust brown. The type, Cat. No. 
32221, U.S.N.M., has ten whorls, and measures: Length 13.8 mm., 
diameter 5 mm. 

Specimens examined. 


Catalogue : Number of 
No. Locality. specimens. 
1OLTS53 Cresson Citys Californian aceccs «cee aeoces seen ese cee cae eee ees 1 
S22 21G Montene ys | California) .-sisc cnc nisac ao cee ee eee oe eae eee Sees 9 
S220 | Pesce GO ee anact ie casiaisaieies Sete ere iets ae acte sie oe ee ancient 14 
32214: )2 2-2. Oa sete Sore aoa oa ce Pace ae he a cee eam ae aeecmene 3 
32228 |_...- OR ere i ae ate aac ae wee anes Ss ee eeyae oe e-em siclo ieee 15 
55992 |..... COs ae aac ne cose eicinsiowsaice ae neo ae matin aoa Seaeingeiaece es 65 
56443 |... - Oe Bape eee alate eid Suis ares acid ia cS op Ne ate eS eek olnwee 1 
56849 |... .. Ole se Soe oe Bec E SO RC U Rie atte ae Bea ee eae ere Hessnce eae 4 
2026024 |mEescaderomCalitormigensecn 8 sce aces Sect ee eee semen ence oe 4 
Hoods hoankredroy Califonmianst sack sees setseeeaee mecca soon sere oueere 2 
1O4SS 7a oanuDleros Caliiornige sc -ciews soe eeecmceecche aes es oeen eco conan 3 
Le HO A GilhOh Califormig wet ee oe eae mae ies keine aaa acne 1 
55993 | Cape St. Lucas, Lower California.......................------- 2 

FOSSIL. 
162610 | Deadmans Island, California (Lower San Pedro Series)........- 2 


devine: 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE SUBGENERA SEMIBITTIUM, LIROBITTIUM, AND THOSE OF 
UNCERTAIN SUBGENERIC POSITION. 


Since the nuclear whorls of seven species (probably Lirobittiwm or Semibittium), 
described in the pages which follow, are unknown, I have deemed it wise to embrace 
the members of these two subgenera, as well as the seven of uncertain position, all 
in one artificial key. 


Spiral sculpture consisting of three strong cords between the sutures, between which 
intercalated slender cords may occur. 
Nodulose spiral keel at the summit less strong than the other two. 


Base with two very strong sublamellar keels. ....--.-.--22---22-+--2- interfossa. 
Base with slender spiral cords. 
Peripheral cord exposed as a smooth band in the suture...........-.catalinense. 
Peripheral cord not apparent in the sutures ..........--..------- ce. mornatum. 


Nodulose spiral keel at the summit equal to the other two. 
Axial ribs and spiral cords comparatively weak, always narrower than the squarish 
pits inclosed by them. 
Junctions of axial ribs and spiral cords forming sharp cusps. 
Wihorlsiwathiars tromeas in ull erie esas eae ee see erase oldroydx. 
Wihorlsmotshoulderedes >. tac scenes Sot aaate as hae Satake bie fetellum. 


390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Junctions of axial ribs and spiral cords forming well-rounded tubercles. 
Shell large, unicolor, rusty-white (fossil). ...............--..--- armillatum. 
Shell small, wax-yellow, variegated with chestnut, usually with a broad, 
chestnut, basal band. 


Adult shell more than /6 mm. lone. 2) ees qos = ae eee purpureum. 
Adult shell tess: than 5 mmr lone. 3.5.62- 45-222 ee eee decussatum. 
Axial ribs and spiral cords always strong and wider than the spaces inclosed by 
them. 
Shell very large, with strong intercalated spiral cords..........-. ornatissimum. 
Shell smaller, without, or with very weak intercalated spiral cords only. 
Sitell dark“purphish-brown 222 fobs o ose cc. es ens cee sce ae vancouverense. 
Shell wax-yellow, banded with brown. 
Shell robust, with 25-30 axial ribs on its last whorl..............munitum. 


Shell smaller, with as many as 40 axial ribs on its last whorl. .m. munitoide. 
Spiral sculpture, consisting of four strong cords between the sutures, between which 
intercalated slender cords may occur. 
Axial ribs becoming obsolete on the last whorls of the adult shell. 
Summit of the whorls appressed. 
Interealated spiral cords absent. 


Shell slender sculpture weaksss.ue sen! eo. see eee eee attenuatum. 
Shell robust, sculpture strong....... Ba eae Rete ee tos oa ec a. boreale. 
intercalated spiral cords present. .....-. 9-2 ca eaeeeeeeeed a. multifilosum. 
Summit of the whorls slopingly shouldered....................---- a. latifilosum. 


Axial ribs strong on all the whorls. 
Nodulose spiral cords at the summit less strong than the others. 
Spiral cords sloping gently anteriorly until fused with the body eo the shell; 
posteriorly they are suddenly truncated. 
Axial ribs on the last whorl 12-15. 


Shell of 10 post-nuclear whorls 8.1 mm. long.............----.--- asperum. 
Shell of 10 post-nuclear whorls 7.1 mm. long............--.--- a. lomaense. 
Axial ribs.on thevlast:whorleabout 25..........5.....222-52-25 subplanatum. 


Nodulose spiral cord at the summit equal to the rest on the last whorl. 
Adult shell more than 17 mm. long. 


Shell slen@ert :- Js. cc oe Seco s Seen tue ceca shee GOL eee giganteum. 
Shell stout. 
Intercalated cords when present very feeble..............--- casmaliense. 
Intercalated cords always present, at times more than one between the 
strong cords and almost equal to them in strength. ...........-- arnoldt. 


Adult shell less than 13 mm. long. 
Whorls decidedly overhanging. 


Basewrell woundeds2. 22147 iiss Sess eis ees rugatum. 
Base flattened. 
Early post-nuclear whorls with 4 spiral cords.............------- larum 
Early post-nuclear whorls with 2 spiral cords...........--- cerralvoense 
Whorls not overhanging. 
Shell large; adult shell more than 11 mm. long.....-..--...- quadrifilatum. 
Shell small; adult shell less than 7 mm. long. 
Whorls shouldered :at.the,summit_ 25... 2.2/2 scecee cence nicholst. 
Whorls appressed at the summit. 
Axialsribs on-last whorl >.) 2.25.4 anss-2 eee eee mexicanum. 


ASSIOMTIDSAOn haste WOtl oases Leen ieee meee oee eee eee eee nitens. 


no.1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSOH. 391 


BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) ARMILLATUM Carpenter. 
Plate 52, fig. 6. 


Bittiwm armillatum CarPeNnTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. for 1863, 1864, p. 655. 
Bittium armillatum CaRPENTER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol 18, 1866, p. 276. 


Shell broadly conic, rust brown. Nuclear whorls at least 3, ap- 
parently smooth. Post-nuclear whorls shouldered at the summit, 
marked by three strong spiral keels which are considerably narrower 
than the three spaces into which they divide the whorls between the 
sutures. In addition to the spiral sculpture the whorls are marked 
by slightly retractive axial ribs, which are about as strong as the spiral 
keels. Of these, 16 occur upon the fourth, 18 upon the fifth, 20 upon 
the sixth, 24 upon the seventh, and 32 upon the penultimate turn. 
The junctions of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form well-rounded 
tubercles, while the spaces imclosed between are well-impressed 
squarish pits. Sutures strongly constricted. Base moderately long, 
ornamented by six low, well-rounded, subequally spaced spiral cords. 
Aperture channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip ren- 
dered smuous by the external sculpture; columella moderately long, 
oblique, curved, and reflected; parietal wall covered with a moderately 
thick callus. 

The type (Cat. No. 15653, U.S.N.M.) comes from the Lower Pleisto- 
cene deposits of Santa Barbara, California. It has nine post-nuclear 
whorls and measures: Length 9.5 mm., diameter 3.2 mm. Another 
specimen, also fossil (Cat. No. 195160, U.S.N.M.), comes from San 
Pedro, California. 


BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) PURPUREUM Carpenter. 


Plate 52, figs. 1 and 3. 


Cerithiopsis purpurea CARPENTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. for 1863, 1864, p. 660. 
Cerithiopsis purpurea CARPENTER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 15, 1865, 
p. 337. 


Shell broadly elongate conic, wax-yellow, variously mottled and 
banded with chestnut brown. Nuclear whorls a little more than one, 
apparently smooth. Post-nuclear whorls marked by three strong 
spiral cords, which divide the space between the suture and the sum- 
mit into three almost equal areas. The cord at the summit is very 
slightly below the summit and renders this strongly shouldered. 
In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by almost 
vertical, axial ribs which are nearly equal to the spiral cords in 
strength. Of these, 14 occur upon the first, 16 upon the second, 18 
upon the third, 20 upon the fourth, 22 upon the fifth, and 25 upon the 
penultimate turn. The intersections of the spiral cords and the axial 
ribs form well-rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between 
them are well-impressed squarish pits on all but the last; on this 
they are oblong, their long axes coinciding with the axial sculpture. 
Sutures strongly constricted, showing the peripheral cord on the later 


392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


whorls. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a slender, smooth 
cord, the space between which and the first supraperipheral cord is 
about as wide as that which separates the next two cords posteriorly 
and is crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs which terminate 
at its posterior border. Base marked by five subequally spaced spiral 
cords, of which the strongest is immediately below the periphery and 
is equal to the peripheral cord, while the next two in strength are at 
the columella; the two intervening are slender threads. Entire sur- 
face of spire and base crossed by numerous, rather strong lines of 
growth. Aperture broadly oval, decidedly channeled anteriorly; 
posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered smuous by the external 
sculpture; columella short, somewhat twisted, curved and reflected; 
parietal wall covered with a thick callus. 

Doctor Carpenter’s cotypes, four specimens (Cat. No. 14823, 
U.S.N.M.), come from Monterey and Santa Barbara, California. 
The best preserved has seven post-nuclear whorls and measures: 
Length 7.3 mm., diameter 2.5 mm. 


Specimens examined. 


Catalogue a Number of 
No. Locality. specimens. 


14823 | Monterey and Santa Barbara, California................-...-- 
OOOLO! seen CRS 6 eee pee Soe Soa e apne CoS ECE Sat enoaae rico elatos 
323965» Monterey rarbormCalifonmiancrcsss-sseees cee. ee nee ee anes eee 
32394 | Monterey, California............- Ble a a ane eae ae 
HOSoLt |eeeee (OCC Se Ae ale re ire ao eee eS i argc See i MS eR yee ar 
56004 |..-.. LO a Se a sr Ee A I ie Sai ter 
ey Pie ebaee CLO et Re eR Ne LON se SOUT 8) SUPE Thee RR eC A Oe tay eS 


56016 | North side of Catalina Island, California (15 fathoms, gravel). . 

56681 San) Mioveliisignds Californias: sees eeetecene neces e eee cece eee 
195166 | San Pedro Bay, California Se ee Uae Ee ena ae ee aa Seperate 
105487 | San Diego, California Ba Aenea is wisiaeie Saher ems eis ieicisl om ee ere ee es 

B2302 | MWVCSHCOaSt meee oee sae secre RF aia Oe Pi oka OLS Rien L hew 


i — 
RP RWNNOANMONwe 


BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) VANCOUVERENSE Dall and Bartsch. 
Plate 53, fig. 3. 


Bittiwm vancouverense DALL and BartscH, Dominion Geol. Survey, Memoir No. 
14:N; 1910). 10; ply Ue 2s: 


Shell elongate-conic, grayish white outside and dark, purplish 
brown within. Nuclear whorls at least two, apparently smooth, 
worn in all specimens. Post-nuclear whorls slightly rounded, 
ornamented with three strong, equal, and equally spaced, nodulose, 
spiral keels, the first of which is a little below the summit. The spaces 
separating the spiral keels are of equal width. Immediately below 
the third keel is a strong, peripheral sulcus, which equals those be- 
tween the spiral keels. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls 
are marked by almost vertical, axial ribs which are not quite as wide 
as the spiral keels. These render the keels nodulose at their inter- 
sections. Of these ribs, 12 occur upon the first, 14 upon the second 
and third, 16 upon the fourth, 18 upon the fifth, 24 upon the sixth, 
and 30 upon the penultimate turn. The spaces inclosed between the 
spiral keels and the axial ribs are well-impressed, rounded pits. Al] 


No, 1826, MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCOH. 393 


the tubercles are truncated on the posterior margin and slope gently 
anteriorly. Base of the last whorl moderately long, ornamented 
with seven spiral cords, of which the two immediately below the 
periphery are the strongest and broadest, while the two bounding 
the umbilical area are wider than those intervening. Sutures 
channeled. Aperture irregular, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle 
obtuse; outer lip thin, sinuous, showing the external sculpture 
within; columella stout, short, twisted, and reflected; parietal wall 
glazed with a moderately thick callus. The specimen figured has 
eight post-nuclear whoris and measures: Length 7.8 mm., diameter 
2.7 mm. 

Specimens of this species were dredged in 8 to 27 fathoms from 
Ucluelet to Ship Channel, Barclay Sound, Vancouver Island, British 
Columbia. Part of these are in the collection of the Dominion Geo- 
logical Survey, and others are in the U.S. National Museum collection, 
Cat. No. 211545. 


BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) ATTENUATUM Carpenter. 
Plate 54, figs. 1, 2, and 5. 


Bittium attenuatum CARPENTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci., 1864, p. 655; 

=Bittium ? var. esuriens CARPENTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci., 1864, p. 655; 

= Bittiwm (? var.) esuriens CARPENTER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 15, 1865, 

p. 181; 
= Bittium (? var.) esuriens CARPENTER, Journ. Conch., vol. 12, 1865, p. 242; 
= Bittium attenuatum CARPENTER, Journ. Conch., vol. 12, 1865, pp. 242-243. 
Shell elongate-conic, varying in color from plain white to brown, 

variously banded or maculated. Nuclear whorls two, moderately 
rounded, smooth. Post-nuclear whorls slightly rounded, ornamented 
with weak spiral bands which are best developed on the early whorls. 
These spiral bands are truncated anteriorly and slope gently to the 
posterior boundary. ‘The early whorls have three spiral bands, of 
which the posterior, at the summit, is less strongly developed than 
the other two, which divide the remaining space between the sutures 
equally. On the middle whorls the posterior keel has a tendency to 
become divided, while on the later turns it becomes obsolete. In 
addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by poorly 
developed, rounded, protractive, axial ribs which render their inter- 
sections with the spiral cords nodulose. Of these ribs, 12 occur upon 
the third and 14 upon each of the remaining turns upon which ribs 


are discernible. The spaces inclosed between the ribs and spiral 
bands are shallow, impressed, rectangular pits. In addition to the 


axial ribs, the whorls are marked by numerous fine lines of growth. 
Periphery of the last whorl marked by a spiral band, which is 
separated from the first band above the periphery by a sulcus as wide 
as the sulci on the spire. Base short, well rounded, marked by six 


394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


spiral keels, of which the first below the periphery is much larger than 
the rest, which are subequal and subequally spaced. Aperture ovate, 
somewhat effuse anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, 
showing the external markings within; columella short, very broad 
at base, oblique, and reflected. 

Doctor Carpenter based his description upon two co-types (Cat. 
No. 15584, U.S.N.M.) collected at Monterey, California, and Neah 
Bay, Washington. One of these has ten post-nuclear whorls and 
measures: Length 10.2 mm., diameter 3 mm. The other has eight 
post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 8.8 mm., diameter 2.9 
mm. Doctor Carpenter’s type of B. (? var.) esurtens is a young shell 
in a good state of preservation (Cat. No. 14832, U.S.N.M., fig. 2). 

Bittium attenuatum is a quite variable form, the color ranging from 
white to chestnut brown at times, variously banded or maculated. 
The sculpture at times is quite feeble, at others very pronounced. 
The posterior truncation of the spiral cords and their gentle sloping 
anteriorly is characteristic of the species. The number of ribs is 
variable; in some specimens as many as twenty-four occur upon the 
last turn. There is also an occasional tendency to an intercalation 
of slender, spiral threads between the prominent keels. 


Specimens examined. 


Catalogue : Number of 

No. Locality. specimens. 
32200's \|bManeouverrIsland< 22222224). .ceieoeseehaes cece «cok be eeeeaceeas 1 
15584 |»Neah) Bay and Monterey: (coty;pes))- 5-22 --= se aoe esse ee ae ae 2 
23261 \limMonterey,; California o458 2. 25a soons et nelse= eee eee eee 6 
esl | pee C0 CO SEES a a phe NSO Se ye anil eS Be i 6 
23728 9 |2.-28 GOS ESA BI Reece Rae a es eee 1 
32207 |..-.-- C6 (cP Bae earn ea tee ar ni SP een ee ere e oie 7 
B2224 cee GOs Pe goaiat eee Soe ae eee ite Se ere tee 3 
Gea ||Baace Oe Sahn cas Gingeias OBA Cele ce oe Seine e Ce Rita Ome eee eee 3 
ECON sscac GOs shed GaSe RE ee Be Ns tn ee au ee PI pea 4 
55998 |..... (6 CP Res Ea ey ew ea a Fe ate hes eee ee Se 4 
DO999 sees Oz E ie ds Soko Ace See eRe SURES Se eR Le Beeb Che mee 3 
56000 |..... (0 Ke eR ee ee ee ee ee ed Se he aR saunas ae eseo oe Sane 2 
56844 |...-.. GOR ea saree Benes eke be SaaS ese eee Be eee te aaa 5 
56800 ||----4 LOGS Fes ee eee SUS OSS a BE ELIE ee Gree eee Beene Ree 5 
BESS ZEaleeee Oso Fah ee a MANS BE ire ee pe La Se lh ea ee ya Ae ae 5 
SOOO | eer C0 ae Nl Oa ee a RU Al UA a OE oes 2 

14832 | Monterey or Santa Barbara, California (type of B. (? var.) 
@SUITIGIAS) cee ee ee a eae ee ae eee eee 1 
56677. |t¢SantMicguellistinds Californias J2 202222 2s. eee eee eee 1 
56907 | (Catalina Island i@alifomiae ca. csssees-2 see bene sees eee eee 15 
56908@ |..-.. Oe sie hess See See tae oe Oe PEE ee eee eee 3 
INTs | |= cee CLO sae reyes srerie ae clemate oreict oe erate eee eee eC eee Si te 1 
160076d |..... LO seated Sep epee SS ae ete ae ar Caer 1 
TEOOT(Oin ||Ga 5 1s OMe ee aia ee eter een mms eer Ei atain ayaa paler aee eee 2 
14849 | San Pedron@alifonma:s S452 sos sancae noes sae nce ee at seen 3 
1584430) | o5oce (0 (a RE aie ean 58 Oe ea oh ieee ee aoe a ae ea Ae 3 
185363 ;/|;.-.2 GOS: ey RS ee EL eS eae gem eee ee eee aerate 1 
LOST 225 Sees = (6 (op oe a ee eee Sc a erst demerits oats Skee cameo nas 13 
ie} 8 5 ol ee LO a AY ES SS a see Ee ne ee PE ae Tey soy 3 
195124 Whites: Point. |SanvPedro; Califormian =. seaseneee sce vee cee 180 
109513 Terminal Island, San Pedro, California...........-....-----.-- 1 
120678 | San Diego, alifornilaice oo eh. we Serer cl pe eto nae 4 
66665) f)i22- 23 GOL USELESS Fer eee eee CCE eee ae 2 
160078) | 2ee-— 6 (Rhee eas sete eens seni ee eS teresa oma 4 
195121. | Foot of Ash Street, San Diego, California.............--...-.- 2 
FOSSIL. 


212023 | Lower San Pedro series, Deadman’s Island, California........- 2 


No. 1826, MOLLUSKS OF THE GANUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 395 


BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) ATTENUATUM BOREALE, new subspecies. 
Plate 54, fig. 4. 


Shell similar to Bittium attenuatum, but in every way larger and 
more robust. Sculpture very much stronger than in the typical 
form; the tubercles well developed on the last whorl, but much weaker 
than on the earlier ones. 

The type and fourteen specimens (Cat. No. 211586, U.S.N.M.) come 
from Barclay Sound, 8-27 fathoms, Vancouver Island. The type 
has eight post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 10.1 mm., diam- 
eter 3.5mm. LHighteen additional specimens from the same locality 
are in the Dominion Geological Survey. 


BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) ATTENUATUM MULTIFILOSUM Bartsch. 
Plate 54, fig. 3. 


Bittium esuriens multifilosum Barrscu, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, p. 179. 


Shell similar to B. attenuatum, but having seven spiral keels be- 
tween the sutures on the whorls of the spire instead of four; that is, a 
strong, intercalated spiral cord between each of the four primary keels. 

The type (Cat. No. 127051, U.S.N.M.) comes from Whites Point, 
San Pedro, California. It has ten whorls and measures: Length 9.2 


mm., diameter 3 mm. 
Specimens examined. 


Catalogue Number of 

No. Locality. specimens. 
HGO0Zeal Monterey, Califormiazy jc 22. acetone oo eee e ee ac ceebonsinee 1 
SPV RI None ae OR Be A Re RACE oaRIOe eee Are ate ee re Se 3 
Ho907b'™ ("Catalina Islarid}'Cahformia = 224 52:5. 52.04 5. ooo bee cee eee le 7 
56908) . 1-2 Oe retveter ise Sette berets Sk ae ee eee ane cS Pe eee er 1 
495126 -|“San’ Pedro; ‘California’ (50 fathoms) -...........222.5.-..2-.-225 1 
1127051 Wihites: Point San Pedro Californias 22.4. 2 goannas 1 
1O5125 ee | Eerer LOSS Tn Ae PRA N I E SCOE EEN Ook ME td kt 7 


1 Type. 
BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) ATTENUATUM LATIFILOSUM, new subspecies. 
Plate 54, fig. 6. 


Shell similar to Bittiwm attenuatum. Whorls a little higher between 
the sutures than in the typical form, with four spiral cords between 
the sutures, which are much broader than in typical attenuatum. 
The axial ribs are strong on the early whorls, but scarcely indicated 
on the last volutions. Shell usually mottled. 

The type (Cat. No. 109509, U.S.N.M.) comes from Terminal Island, 
California. Two additional specimens (Cat. No. 153086, U.S.N.M.) 
come from San Pedro, California. 


BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) SUBPLANATUM, new species. 
Plate 57, fig. 5. 


Shell broadly elongate-conic, milk white. Nuclear whorls a little 
more than one, well rounded, smooth. The first of the post-nuclear 
whorls well rounded, marked by three spiral cords, one of which is at 


396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. 


—— 


the summit, another on the middle of the whorl, while the third is a 
little above the suture. The succeeding turns show four spiral cords. 
of which the one at the summit is a little less strong than the rest; 
the remaining three divide the space between the sutures into four 
equal parts. Beginning with the fourth whorl, intercalated cords 
make their appearance between the primary ones, so that on the last 
whorl we have an intercalated cord and sometimes two between all 
the primary cords; these, however, are never quite as strong as the 
principal ones. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked 
by decidedly curved, slender, well-rounded, almost vertical, axial 
ribs, which are scarcely indicated on the first turn, while 14 of them 
occur upon the second and third, 16 upon the fourth, 18 upon the 
fifth and sixth, 22 upon the seventh, 24 upon the eighth, and 26 
upon the penultimate turn. The intersections of the spiral cords 
and axial ribs form weakly developed, rounded tubercles which are 
truncated on their posterior margin, while the spaces enclosed between 
them are very shallow quadrangular pits. Sutures strongly con- 
stricted. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, marked 
by slender, spiral cords of which those immediately below the periph- 
ery are the strongest and are truncated on the posterior margin, 
sloping gently anteriorly. Of these cords, seven occur on the base 
of the type. Aperture rather large, irregularly oval, channeled 
anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, rendered sinuous by 
the external sculpture; columella decidedly oblique, strongly curved, 
and reflected. 

The type (Cat. No. 160076, U.S.N.M.) is one of fifty specimens from 
Catalina Island, California. It has ten post-nuclear whorls and 
measures: Length 10.9 mm., diameter 3.8 mm. ~ 


Specimens examined. 


Catalogue ‘ Number of 
No. Locality. specimens. 
¥160076) | Catalina Island | Califormlacn aeceseckcecsee eo ceeeeeeereeeeetes 50 
213013 U.S.B.F. station 2902, off Santa Rosa Island, California (53 
fathoms, temper ature 457 5)Sand angi Gd) See ee cee see 59 
213014 | U.S.B.F. ‘station 2901, off "Santa Rosa Island, California (48 
fathoms, temperature 5 HOSS TUT!) Servant ey eet ese oe 157 


213015 | U.S.B.F. station 4552, off Point Pinos Light, California (66-73 
fathoms; mud and rock) Seat Aa oe eee See Se eee 5 
1600772: | (Catalina tslandhCalifommia se sess see eet ene aeen eee eee eee 3 
14935a San'Diego; California. e422 ee lk oe Rae b aicicioe See ee eee 1 

195154 | U.S.B.F. station 4309, 9 miles off Point Loma Light, California, 
(67-78 fathoms; fine sand andbroken shell bottom) .........-. 2 

195155 | U.S.B.F. station 4340, off South Point, San Coronado Island, 
California (46-87 fathoms; fine gray sand) SoA Bates eerie o aa 1 

213016 | U.S.B. P. station 4343, off San Coronado Island, California 


(55-155 fathoms; sand) Bk Be TR RIN Ree Roe Ral LE ei INS ep. 28 
213017 | U.S.B. F. station 4348, 6 miles off Point Loma, California, 

(59-113 fathoms; sand) Be SA eee a ORT OE oee be enoole 10 
213018 U.S.B.F. station 4350, off Point Loma, California (81 fathoms; 

sand: stemperatureio0>) oes a nae cae eee Senos meee anes 6 


no. 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 397 


BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) RUGATUM Carpenter. 
Plate 56, figs. 4 and 5. 


Bittium rugatum CARPENTER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 17, 1866, p. 276; 
=Bittium asperum CARPENTER, not Gabb, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. ie. 
1866, p. 276. 


Shell elongate-conic, white. Nuclear whorls a little more than 
one, well rounded, smooth. Post-nuclear whorls appressed at the 
summit, decidedly overhanging, the early ones marked by two strong 
spiral cords on the anterior half between the sutures, and a third 
less strongly developed cord at the summit. On the third whorl a 
fourth spiral makes its appearance between the one at the summit 
and its neighbor; this fourth spiral soon increases in size, so that on 
the middle of the shell all four cords are practically of equal strength 
and spacing. On the last whorl a slender, intercalated cord appears 
between the anterior two. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the 
whorls are marked by strong, well-rounded, axial ribs, which are 
merely indicated on the first two whorls; on the third to sixth turn 
there are 14, on the seventh there are 16, on the eighth 18, and on the 
penultimate whorl there are 24. The intersections of the axial ribs 
and spiral cords form elongated tubercles which have their long axes 
parallel with the spiral sculpture. The spaces between the spiral 
cords and axial ribs are elongated, squarish pits. Sutures strongly 
constricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a channel which 
bears a slender cord. Base well rounded, marked by six spiral cords 
which grow successively weaker and more closely spaced from the 
periphery to the umbilical area. Aperture oval, channeled ante- 
riorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, rendered sinuous by the 
external sculpture; columella short, twisted, and reflected. 

The specimen described and figured has ten post-nuclear whorls 
and measures: Length 10.5 mm., diameter 3.5 mm. It is one of 
six specimens (Cat. No. 7971, U.S.N.M.) from the post-Pliocene of 
Santa Barbara, California. Doctor Carpenter’s type (Cat. No. 7154, 
U.S.N.M.) does not quite represent the norm of this species, the 
spiral cord at the summit being only feebly developed on the later 
turns and the basal sculpture being less strong than usual. 


398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Specimens examined. 


Catalogue 
No. 


: Number of 

Locality. specimens. 
17154 | Lower Pleistocene, Santa Barbara, California................-. 1 
16258) _|\ Mossi; Santa sBarbara, Califormialees.-ose.+ oseeee een eeeeeee 4 

7971 Lower Shape Santa Barbara, California (described and 

UEC). ee ares Seis se aa aie a opinnn seine we oe eeprn cat etene 6 
213019 | Lower Pleistocene, Santa Barbara, California:.............-... 24 
109515 | Lower Pleistocene, Terminal Island, California... -. Ea ae elie 1 
186001 | Lower San Pedro Series, Deadman’s Island, California... ...... 27 
Pleistocene; sani Pedros Californias. 4-see o-oo sess ne ee ceereee 6 
195127 | Pleistocene, San Pedro Bay, California.....................-.- 3 
198761 | Pleistocene, Southern California.......................--.----- 2 
148645 | Lower Pleistocene, San Diego, California...................... 20 


1 Type. 
BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) QUADRIFILATUM Carpenter. 
Plate 58, figs. 2 and 3. 


Bittium quadrifilatum CARPENTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. for 1863, 1864, p. 655. 
Bittium quadrifilatum CARPENTER, Journ. Conch., ser. 3, vol. 5, 1865, p. 143. 


Shell rather large, elongate-conic, chestnut brown, dull. Nuclear 
whorls two, well rounded, smooth, the first obliquely tilted. Post- 
nuclear whorls shouldered at the summit, moderately rounded, 
ornamented with four equal and subequally spaced spiral cords, which 
divide the space between the sutures into four subequal parts. The 
first of these cords is at the summit of the whorl. In addition to the 
spiral cords, the whorls are marked by moderately strong, rounded, 
vertical, axial ribs, of which 12 occur upon the first, 14 upon the second 
to fifth, 16 upon the sixth, 18 upon the seventh and the penultimate 
turn. The spiral cords cross the axial ribs as regular bands, their 
junctions forming elongated rounded tubercles, having their long 
axes parallel with the spiral sculpture, while the spaces inclosed 
between them are well impressed quadrangular pits with their long 
axes also parallel with the spiral sculpture. On the last whorl very 
faint, intercalated spiral threads appear between the cords. Sutures 
channeled, showing a faint trace of the subperipheral cord. Periphery 
of the last whorl marked by a rather broad channel which shows 
several faint spiral lirations. Base moderately long, somewhat 
concave, ornamented with seven subequal and subequally spaced, 
spiral threads. Aperture irregularly oval, channeled anteriorly; 
posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture 
within; columella moderately long, somewhat twisted, and reflected. 

The specimen described and figured is one of a lot (Cat. No. 46929, 
U.S.N.M.) from San Diego, California. It has the nucleus and nine 
post-nuclearwhorlsand measures: Length 11.5 mm., diameter 3.6 mm. 
Doctor Carpenter’s type of this species (Cat. No. 14849, U.S.N.M.) 
which was collected by Doctor Cooper at San Diego, California, is a 
young specimen having seven post-nuclear whorls, measuring: 
Length 7 mm., diameter 3 mm. The fossil members of this species 


no. 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 399 


in our collection average a little larger than the recent shells and have 
the base a little more strongly sculptured. Equivalents of these, 
however, occur among the host of recent shells examined. 


Specimens examined. 


Number of 


Catalogue : 
No. Locality. specimens. 
iAg4O Me ESaneMicro Califormmiguce.cceicestc--aecccs coc ociee me eoncnececmere 1 
S222 bal MOM ere yy Californian. (95a. aac cecsc cee een einerce sme aeee 3 
56003 |.---- Clase tee Ses Seas Oe AEE ne ae ete BEE SA ee eee ee Oe 1 
160893. |----. GOES Rie ea 2G aaiage esis ne loccjmrpe oles wae oe eee ae od sieoabence 1 
195ltoe™ |(Saneledro bay Cahiormige.-..cs- +. seems. ~- alse ee cbece sss 6 
160080 | San Diego Bay, California (in mud on flats at low tide) z2a5 if 
73724 | San Diego, California (in mud adhering to sponges)........---. 14 
55995 | San Diego, CaliiOrnigy gta saan a ose tienchras ae cecan else on 49 
S220 |= 6 GLO CBee tacit anes Sane reheat ee es eget eee 14 
46929 | San Diego, California (described and figured) ioe see cane cscs 43 
195158 | San Diego, Californitasees wae eh ses see ane sete Sade oss Sekine 1 
194388 |...-.- OO eee ora ciakie saisaaieinie = aieieoetoiasaia = ci toca emissige wine semelaaicie screws 2 
32220a)) |----- GOR 2 He ae eee Sage tig das ceseisitiejeioe sgalsacdeeeence ce. acee 2 
bay a Soh CLO eee ate ere eee ree Bee Oe ese aie Sessa Neca aise ene 30 
109364c |...-. (Olt Re eee Ee rts] En MS One E Be 5 So Cee ee panes Saree 2 
105569 Bees ee. Lagoon, Lower California (mud flats, between 
IES) Sop aece seme ceicencees rete cmos seats cdes seme wiveicmeceiece 5 
FOSSIL. 
22819 | Santa Barbara, California (Lower Pleistocene) +: 1 
(LS4GP Ne one OS Se ey aera Cem here a eye ars sian Pe tera asa ae i= Seeice ema 1 


1 Type. 
BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) NICHOLSI, new species. 


Plate 57, fig. 1. 


Shell moderately large, broadly conic, light brown. Early nuclear 
whorls decollated, the last one smooth. Post-nuclear whorls strongly 
shouldered at the summit, well rounded, ornamented on the early 
turns by four spiral cords. Beginning with the third whorl, a fifth 
cord makes its appearance, halfway between the one at the summit 
and its neighbor, which rapidly develops until it equals the others in 
strength. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked 
by numerous, strongly retractive, axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon 
all the turns. The spiral cords pass over the axial ribs as bands and 
render the junctions of the cords and ribs tuberculate, the tubercles 
being elongate with their long axes coinciding with the spiral sculp- 
ture. The: spaces inclosed ee the spiral cords and axial ribs 
are very elongate, rectangular pits, with their long axes parallel with 
the spiral penlpntines Sutures strongly channeled. Periphery of the 
last whorl marked by a broad channel which shows several slender, 
spiral threads and the feeble continuations of the axial ribs. Base 
somewhat concave in the middle, marked by nine spiral cords, of 
which the two immediately below the periphery are equal and much 
stronger than the rest, which are also equal and equally spaced. 
Entire surface of spire and base crossed by numerous, slender lines 
of growth. Aperture oval, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle 
acute; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within and some- 


400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. 


what wavy at the edge; columella very oblique, slightly twisted, 
and reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. | 

The type (Cat. No. 195163, U.S.N.M.) is a young specimen having 
six post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 6.1 mm., diameter 2.8 
mm. It comes from the Gulf of California. 


BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) NITENS Carpenter. 
Plate 57, fig. 2. 


Bittium nitens CARPENTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. for 1863, 1864, p. 618. 
Bittium nitens CARPENTER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 13, 1864, p. 479. 

Shell elongate-conic, white, semitranslucent, variegated with rust 
brown, shiny. Nuclear whorls a lttle more than one, smooth. 
Early post-nuclear whorls with a decidedly sloping shoulder which 
extends from the middle of the whorl to the appressed summit; the 
later ones well rounded. The early whorls are ornamented with 
three spiral cords, of which one is at the summit, the second at the 
angle of the shoulder, and the third a little posterior to the suture. 
On the third post-nuclear whorl a fourth cord makes its appearance at 
the summit, increasing rapidly in size until it equals the other three. 
In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by some- 
what irregular, variously sloping, moderately rounded, axial ribs, 
of which 12 occur upon the second, 10 upon the third and fourth, 
12 upon the fifth, 14 upon the sixth and the penultimate turn. The 
junctions of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form well-rounded 
tubercles, which slope more abruptly posteriorly than anteriorly, 
while the spaces inclosed between them are rectangular pits, having 
their long axes parallel with the spiral sculpture. Sutures some- 
what constricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a slender 
sulcus. Base short, rounded, marked by three equal spiral cords, of 
which two occur immediately below the periphery, while the third 
encircles the base of the columella. Entire surface of spire and 
base crossed by numerous lines of growth. Aperture subquadrate, 
channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing 
the external sculpture within, rendered sinuous by the external sculp- 
ture; columella oblique, slender, and somewhat revolute; parietal wall 
glazed with a thin callus. 

The type (Cat. No. 4068, U.S.N.M.) comes from Cape San Lucas, 
Lower California. It has eight post-nuclear whorls, and measures: 
Length 5.7 mm., diameter 0.2 mm. 


no. 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 401 


BITTIUM (LIROBITTIUM) INTERFOSSA Carpenter. 
Plate 51, figs. 2 and 6. 


Rissoa interfossa CARPENTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Ady. Sci. for 1863, 1864, p. 656. 

Cerithiopsis fortior CARPENTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. for 1863, 1864, p. 660. 

Cerithiopsis fortior CARPENTER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 15, 1865, p. 337. 

Rissoina interfossa CARPENTER, Proc. California Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 3, 1866, 
pr 217. 

Shell rather large and robust, white, sometimes light brown. 
Nuclear whorls small, two; the first obliquely tilted, smooth; the 
second with two strong spiral cords which divide the space between 
the sutures into three equal areas. Post-nuclear whorls appressed 
at the summit, strongly slopingly shouldered, ornamented with two 
strong spiral keels, which divide the space between the sutures into 
three equal areas, and very strong, vertical, axial ribs, 16 of which 
occur upon each of the turns. The intersections of the axial ribs 
and the spiral cords form strong elongated tubercles, the long axes 
of which coincide with the spiral sculpture. These tubercles slope 
more abruptly posteriorly than anteriorly. The intersections of 
the axial ribs and the spiral cords inclose shallow squarish pits. 
Sutures weakly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked 
by a strong keel to which the axial ribs extend feebly. This keel 
is a little nearer to the first post-peripheral keel than that is to its 
posterior neighbor. Base moderately long, marked by two very 
strong keels, which divide the space between the peripheral keel 
and the tip of the columella into three equal areas, the spaces between 
the keels being very deep and a little wider than the keels. Entire 
surface of spire and base, including the ribs and intercostal spaces, 
crossed by numerous, fine, closely spaced, spiral striations. Aper- 
ture irregular, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer 
lip thick within, thin at edge, rendered sinuous by the external 
sculpture; columella stout, strongly twisted, and reflected; parietal 
wall glazed with a thick callus. 

The specimen described and figured is one of a lot (Cat. No. 56906, 
U.S.N.M.) from Catalina Island, California, the type-locality. It 
has nine post-nuclear whorls, and measures: Length 8.3 mm., diame- 
ter 3.1 mm. The type is a much-worn young specimen having 
seven post-nuclear whorls, and measuring: Length 6.2 mm. 


80796°—Proc. N.M.vol. 40—11 26 


402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 


Specimens examined. 


Catalogue F Number of 

No. Locality. specimens. 
46166.)))|) Monterey; Califormiae ace aecccoess ack eee eee eee cee eee 3 
160891 |....-. GOs senna Sac cee sen cceemiasenee ese anace ce aacereeeoe satee miseveie 1 
LOBLTT Heese GO sis SS ee tein Joke lore einai alae clslome sete ee nee ane ene 2 
203670 |USanta- barbara. Califormiaemcecce cer secre ceter oe oe eeae eee 1 
1994860 Catalina nislan Gd @alitOnmi deep re cee eecya ie eee een esee te eee 1 
Z315O os os Oe es EE eet ye ferns Ate ee oe eRe Ani eas at es Ie 3 
56906 | Catalina Island, California (described and figured)............. 65 
569070, Catalina island. Califomiates= sceeeeties sseeceacceeee set ereenee 3 
1600760" |... -2.- GOs eR, eet See re ee ee eee ie ae coe re 3 
153443's) NSanebedroyCalifonmigesw.c sec see sepa ee eee eee ome ee 6 
195164 | Whites Point, San Pedro Bay, California...................... 10 
TO9SIG! 4) Lenminaltsland: Calitormia=ssseescceee ones ea-eeeecree saree 1 
195165 | Pacific Beach, California........ Baa seek eclciisiasio seen wa aeeeee 1 
1626750"| (wadollanCaliformiasssas<2 S2sceseeeeee ee eee ceteeee =a eee 2 
105591)" |\-San DiegorCaliformiasesjjy ss se sees bec heese-eeeaesee ae oaee 3 


1 Type. 
BITTIUM (LIROBITTIUM) CATALINENSE Bartsch. 


Plate 51, fig. 1. 


Bittium catalinensis BArtscH, Smiths. Misc. Coll. (Quarterly Issue), vol. 50, 1907, 
pt. 4, p. 28, pl. 57, fig. 13. 


Shell elongate-conic, milk-white. Nuclear whorls a little more than 
one, marked by two strong spiral cords which divide the turns into 
three equal areas. Post-nuclear whorls shouldered at the summit, 
marked by three nodulose spiral keels; one of these, which is a little 
below the summit, is less strongly developed than the other two on 
all but the last turn; on this turn it is practically equal to the others. 
In addition to the spiral keels, the whorls are marked by rather strong, 
well-rounded axial ribs which are about two-thirds as wide as the 
spaces which separate them. Of these ribs, 16 occur upon the first 
to fifth, 18 upon the sixth and seventh, 20 upon the eighth, and 24 
upon the penultimate turn. The intersections of the axial ribs and 
the spiral cords form strong cusp-like nodules, which are suddenly 
truncated posteriorly and slope gently to the succeeding cord anteri- 
orly. The space between the summit and the truncated end of the 
first row of tubercles forms a strong shoulder. The spaces inclosed 
between the spiral keels and the axial ribs are moderately impressed 
rounded pits. Sutures strongly constricted, showing the greater part 
of the peripheral cord on all the turns. Periphery and base of the 
last whorl marked by five spiral cords which grow successively weaker 
from the periphery to the umbilical area. These cords are truncated 
on the posterior margin and slope gently anteriorly until they fuse 
with the general surface of the shell. Aperture irregular, channeled 
anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous by the 
external sculpture; columella oblique, somewhat twisted; parietal 
wall glazed with a thin callus. © 


No. 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 4038 


The type (Cat. No. 165232, U.S.N.M.) comes from the Pleistocene 
at Santa Barbara, California. It has nine and one-half post-nuclear 
whorls, and measures: Length 7.5 mm., diameter 2.8 mm. The 
present species occurs both recent and fossil. The recent shells are 
slightly slenderer than the fossil form. 


Specimens examined. 


Catalogue Number of 

No. Locality. specimens. 
1165232 pants Barbara, California, Lower Pleistocene.................. if 
ZOO (ial | eto OO meee hy iets Rais cee eine eee oe a aac See eels oe emcee 2 
213020 | Deadmans Island (Lower San Pedro Series) Sacmasenscnoce ens 1 
Pao RGatahnansiancdy Califormiaueses= cee cee eee neeee ce eee ee 2 
195152 | Off Catalina Island, Galliforniassas case se nic sence ae cen ee canoe 1 
4310 | Eight miles off Point Loma iehty Californias s-c-s.lee ee nee 17 


1 Type. 
BITTIUM (LIROBITTIUM) CATALINENSE INORNATUM, new subspecies. 


Plate 51, fig. 3. 


Shell similar to Bittium catalinense, but lacking the plain spiral keel 
in the suture. 

The type (Cat. No. 195153, U.S.N.M.) comes from 40 fathoms off 
Catalina Island, California. It has ten post-nuclear whorls, and 
measures: Length 7.2 mm., diameter 2.3 mm. Another specimen 
(Cat. No. 193695, U.S.N.M.) is-also from Catalina Island, while a 
third (Cat. No. 148649, U.S.N.M.) comes from the Lower Pleistocene 
deposits at San Diego, California. 


BITTIUM (LIROBITTIUM) ORNATISSIMUM, new species. 
Plate 52, figs. 4 and 5. 


Shell elongate-conic, creamy white. Nuclear whorls one and one- 
half, marked by two slender threads which divide the space between 
the sutures into three equal parts. Post-nuclear whorls strongly 
shouldered at the summit, marked by three strong spiral keels which 
divide the space between the sutures into four almost equal parts. 
The space between the first of these keels below the summit and the 
summit is a little narrower than the rest. In addition to these three 
strong spiral keels, intercalated keels are present, the first of which 
is at the summit, while another occurs between each of the other 
keels. On the last whorl these attain a strength almost equal to that 
of the primary keels. In addition to this spiral sculpture, the whorls 
are marked by well-developed, slightly retractive, axial ribs, of which 
14 occur upon the first and second, 15 upon the third, 16 upon the 
fourth, 18 upon the fifth and sixth, 20 upon the seventh, 22 upon the 
eighth, 28 upon the ninth and tenth, and 34 upon the penultimate 
turn. The intersections of the axial ribs and spiral keels form strong 


4.04 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 


cusps which are suddenly truncated posteriorly and slope gently 
anteriorly, the spaces inclosed between them being small, rounded 
pits. Sutures channeled. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a 
slender cord. Base moderately prolonged, ornamented by six spiral 
cords, of which the two immediately anterior to the periphery and 
the two at the base of the columella are decidedly stronger than the 
rest. Aperture rather large, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle 
acute; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella 
stout, twisted, somewhat revolute, and reflected; parietal wall glazed 
with a moderately thick callus. 

The type (Cat. No. 194413, U.S.N.M.) comes from Deadmans 
Island, San Pedro, California. It has lost the nucleus and probably 
the first two post-nuclear turns; the nine remaining measure: Length 
12.1 mm., diameter 4 mm. A young specimen from the same lot, 
which furnished the description of the nucleus, has ten post-nuclear 
whorls, and measures: Length 9.2 mm., diameter 3.3 mm. 


Specimens examined. 


Catalogue : Number of 
No. Locality. specimens. 
1194413 Deadmans Island, Lower San Pedro Series, San Pedro, Califor- 
5 | a ee ah a ee See er Ree hs te, Sees aed 8 
195162> |b... 2 QOnnc a cheeks ote es ter eee cipiste bce rae ietad = Riese see tae 2 
109517 Terminal island .Califomidsessce sss eee ee eee eaeeeee Seer 2 
11803 Santa Barbara, California (Lower Pleistocene)............-.-.-- 1 


1 Type. 
BITTIUM (LIROBITTIUM) MUNITUM Carpenter. 
Plate 53, figs. 1 and 2. 


Cerithiopsis munita CARPENTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. for 1863, 1864, p. 628 
and p. 660. 

Cerithiopsis munita CARPENTER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 15, 1865, p. 31. 
Shell elongate-conic, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls a little more 
than one (with the sculpture abraded in all our specimens). Post- 
nuclear whorls strongly shouldered at the summit, marked by three 
strong, equal and equally spaced spiral keels, which are a little wider 
than the spaces that separate them. In addition to the spiral keels, 
the whorls are marked by somewhat retractive axial ribs, of which 18 
occur upon the second, 20 upon the third, 24 upon the fourth and 
fifth, and 28 upon the penultimate. The intersections of the axial 
ribs and spiral keels form strong tubercles, while the spaces between 
them are well impressed, rounded pits. Sutures subchanneled. 
Periphery of the last whorl marked by a strong channel, across which 
the feeble continuations of the axial ribs extend. Base moderately 
long, marked by six strong spiral cords which grow successively 
weaker from the periphery to the umbilical area. In addition to the 


No. 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 405 


above sculpture, the entire surface of the spire and base is crossed by 
numerous fine lines of growth and exceedingly fine, spiral striations. 
Aperture subquadrate, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; 
outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella short, 
stout, somewhat twisted, and reflected parietal wall glazed with a 
thin callus. 

There are ten specimens of this species (Cat. No. 15501, U.S.N.M.) 
collected by Swan at Neah Bay, Washington, which bear the legend 
‘type.’ One of these (fig. 1) has seven post-nuclear whorls, and 
measures: Length 7.8 mm., diameter 3 mm. Another (fig. 2) meas- 
ures 7 mm. long. 


BITTIUM (LIROBITTIUM) MUNITUM MUNITOIDE, new subspecies. 


Plate 53, fig. 4. 


This is the southern race of Bittitum munitum. It differs from 
B. munitum proper in being smaller and in having many more ribs, 
as many as 40 occurring upon the last whorl. The type, one of 115 
specimens (Cat. No. 152164, U.S.N.M.) from San Pedro, California, 
has ten post-nuclear whorls, and measures: Length 8.2 mm., diameter 
2.3mm. Another lot from Whites Point, San Pedro Bay, California, 
contains 106 specimens. Four specimens were dredged in 50 fathoms 
off San Pedro, California. 


BITTIUM (LIROBITTIUM) ASPERUM Gabb. 


Plate 56, fig. 3. F 
Turbonilla aspera GABB, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 368; 
=Bittium asperum GABB, Pal. California, ser. 2, p. 72, pl. 2, fig. 20, 1869; 
=Bittium barbarense Bartscu, Smiths. Misc. Coll. (Quarterly Issue), vol. 50, 1907, 
pt. 4, p. 28, pl. 57, fig. 15. 
Not Bittiwm ? asperum CarpENTER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 17, p. 276, 
1866; =Bittium rugatum CARPENTER. 

Shell elongate-conic, creamy white. Nuclear whorls small, a little 
more than one, marked by two moderately strong, spiral cords, one a 
little posterior to the periphery and the other on the middle of the 
whorl, otherwise smooth. Post-nuclear whorls appressed at the 
summit, strongly, slopingly shouldered, the first marked by two spiral 
cords like those on the nuclear whorls, the second showing an inter- 
calated cord between the two, leaving the posterior half of the whorls 
free of sculpture and with a strong, sloping shoulder. On the suc- 
ceeding whorls the shoulder is crossed by one and two spiral cords, 
less strong than those anterior to them. In addition to the spiral 
sculpture the whorls are marked by somewhat curved, almost vertical 
axial ribs, which begin on the second whorl and rapidly increase in 
strength. There are 12 of these ribs on each of the second to ninth 
‘turns. The intersections of the axial ribs and spiral cords form 


406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 40. 


prominent cusps which are suddenly truncated posteriorly, and slope 
gently anteriorly until they fuse with the general surface of the shell. 
Sutures well impressed. Periphery and base of the last whorl well 
rounded, marked by about nine feeble spiral cords of which the first 
two immediately below the periphery are the strongest. Aperture 
subquadrate, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip 
rendered somewhat sinuous by the external sculpture; columella 
moderately long, twisted, and reflected; parietal wall glazed with a 
thin callus. 

Gabb’s type came from the Lower Pleistocene deposits at Santa 
Barbara, Califoinia. The specimen described and figured (Cat. No. 
165231, U.S.N.M.) is a fossil from Santa Barbara. It has 10 post- 
nuclear whorls (having lost the nucleus and probably the first post- 
nuclear turn) and measures: Length 8.3 mm., diameter 2.9 mm. 


Specimens examined. 


Number of 


Catalogue : 
No. Locality. specimens. 
165231 | Upper Pliocene, Fernando Formation, Bath-house Beach, 1 
Santa Barbara, California (described and figured). 

7970 | Lower Pleistocene, Santa Barbara, California...............--- 2 
166051 |...-. GO eS ee eae ain is Sesiciate cc Sele Mere sie Cease eerste 10 
PAROS eae Os aa eee eh see es see ins aie abi eS tee ere lorereat a a eee ee 13 
195129 | Lower Pleistocene, Lower San Pedro Series, Deadman’s 1 

Island, California. 
148650 | Lower Pleistocene, Sant Diego}iCaliformmia see —-- nee ae ae 1 


BITTTIUM (LIROBITTIUM) ASPERUM LOMAENSE, new subspecies, 


Plate 56, fig. 2 


Shell similar to B. asperum Gabb, but differing in being uniformly 
smaller, more slender, and in having more ribs. A specimen of 
B. asperum with 10 post-nuclear whorls measures: Length 8.1 mm., 
while one of B. a. lomaense of the same number of whorls measures 
7.1 mm. B. a. lomaense is a living representative of B. asperum, 
which is a post-Pliocene species. 

The type (Cat. No. 195130, U.S.N.M.) and 21 specimens were dredged 
at U. S. Bureau of Fisheries station No. 4310, in 71-75 fathoms, off 
Point Loma Light, California, on gray mud and fine sand bottom. 
The type has ten post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 7.1 
mm., diameter 2.3mm. Cat. No. 23744, U.S.N.M., contains 24 speci- 
mens dredged in 30 fathoms off Santa Catalina Island, California. 


BITTIUM (LIROBITTIUM) CERRALVOENSE, new species. 
Plate 55, fig. 1 


Shell elongate-conic, white. Nuclear whorls one and one-hal:, 
having two cords which divide the space into three equal parts. 
Post-nuclear whorls appressed at the summit, decidedly overhang- 


No, 1826, MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSOH. 407 


ing, marked on the first whorl by a strong, median keel and a feeble 
cord halfway between this and the suture, the space between the 
median keel and the summit forming a strongly sloping shoulder. 
On the third post-nuclear turn two slender spiral cords appear, 
one of which is at the summit and the other halfway between this 
and the median cord. On the fifth whorl an additional spiral cord 
is intercalated between the two on the shoulder. The cords on the 
shoulder and also the one anterior to the median grow rapidly in 
strength until finally, on the last volution, they are practically all 
equal. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by 
moderately strong, decidedly curved, almost vertical, distant axial 
ribs. These are quite absent on the early whorls, being first indi- 
cated on the third post-nuclear turn. On the fourth there are 12, 
on the fifth to seventh there are 14, on the eighth 18, and on the 
penultimate turn 20. The intersections of the axial ribs and spiral 
cords form weak, elongated tubercles; the long axes of which coin- 
cide with the spiral sculpture, while the spaces inclosed between 
the two appear as very elongated, narrow pits. Sutures moderately 
constricted, showing a portion of the peripheral keel. Periphery 
of the last whorl marked by a keel about as wide as the strong spiral 
cords between the sutures. Base short, slightly rounded, marked 
by five spiral cords which decrease in size and spacing from the 
periphery to the umbilical area, Aperture subquadrate, chan- 
neled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the 
external sculpture within, sinuous at the edge; columella moder- 
ately strong, oblique, somewhat twisted, and reflected; parietal wall 
glazed with a thin callus. 

The type and 4 specimens (Cat. No. 96899, U.S.N.M.) were 
dredged at U.S. Bureau of Fisheries station No. 2828, in 10 fathoms, 
on shell bottom, off Cerralvo Island, Gulf of California. The type 
has nine and one-half post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 
7.9 rm., diameter 2.8 mm. 


BITTIOM (SEMIBITTIUM) LARUM, new species. 
Plate 57, fig. 4. 


Shell very regularly elongate-conic, light brown. Nuclear whorls 
at least two, worn. Post-nuclear whorls appressed at the summit, 
decidedly overhanging. The early post-nuclear whorls are marked 
by four equal and equally spaced spiral cords, the first of which is at 
the summit; these cords divide the space between the sutures into 
four equal parts. On the sixth whorl intercalated spiral cords make 
their appearance in the middle, between all the primary cords; these 
attain a little more than half the strength of the primary cords on the 
last turn. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked 
by moderately strong, almost vertical, axial ribs, of which 14 occur 


408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


upon all but the penultimate turn, which has 18. The intersections 
of the axial ribs and spiral cords form elongate tubercles, which have 
their long axis parallel with the spiral sculpture. The spaces inclosed 
between the axial ribs and spiral cords are rectangular pits on the 
early whorls and broad, incised lines on the later ones. Sutures 
slightly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl angulated, marked 
by a spiral cord. Base short, slightly concave in the middle, marked 
by six spiral cords which grow successively weaker from the periph- 
ery to the umbilical region. In addition to the above sculpture, the 
entire surface of spire and base is marked by fine lines of growth and 
numerous exceedingly fine, spiral striations. Aperture quadrangular, 
channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing 
the external sculpture within, rendered sinuous at the edge by the 
external sculpture; columella moderately strong, twisted, and reflected ; 
parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. 

The type and 2 specimens (Cat. No. 195156, U.S.N.M.) were dredged 
in 4 fathoms at San Pedro, California. The type has ten post- 
nuclear whorls and measures: Length 10 mm., diameter 3.3 mm. 


BITTIUM OLDROYD4&, new species. 
Plate 51, fig. 5. 


Shell very large, chestnut brown. (Nuclear whorls decollated in 
all our specimens.) Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, orna- 
mented with three spiral keels, which are truncated on their posterior 
margin and slope gently anteriorly until they fuse with the general 
mass of the shell. These keels divide the space between the sutures 
into four almost equal parts, the space between the summit and the 
first keel being a little narrower than the rest. In addition to the 
spiral keels, the whorls are marked by slightly retractive axial ribs, 
of which 12 occur upon the second, 14 upon the third and fourth, 16 
upon the fifth to seventh, 18 upon the eighth, 20 upon the ninth and 
tenth, and 22 upon the penultimate turn. These ribs extend from 
the summit to the suture. Their intersections with the spiral cords 
form strong, cusped nodules, which slope more abruptly anteriorly 
than posteriorly. The spaces inclosed between the spiral keels and 
the axial ribs are considerably wider than the ribs or cords and form 
squarish pits. Sutures strongly marked, showing a slender, smooth, 
peripheral cord (to which the axial ribs extend) on almost all the 
turns. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, marked 
by six well-rounded spiral cords, which grow successively weaker, 
and a little more closely spaced from the periphery to the umbilicus. 
Entire surface of spire and base crossed by numerous slender axial 
lines of growth. Aperture moderately large, channeled anteriorly; 
posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external 


no. 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 409 


sculpture; columella stout, flexuose, and reflected; parictal wall coy- 
ered with a thick callus. 

The type (Cat. No. 196209, U.S.N.M.), which has lost the nucleus 
and probably the first two post-nuclear turns, has twelve whorls 
remaining, which measure: Length 13.3 mm., diameter 3.8mm. The 
type was collected in drift in Lower California. Two other specimens 
(Cat. No. 195161, U.S.N.M.) come from Destruction Island, Wash- 
ington. Cat. No. 198101, U.S.N.M., contains 2 specimens labeled 
“West Coast,’ without specific locality. The distribution of this 
species is rather peculiar. 


Named for Mrs. Ida S. Oldroyd. 


BITTIUM FETELLUM, new species. 
Plate 51, fig. 4. 


Shell moderately large, elongate-conic, light yellow. (Nuclear 
whorls decollated in all our specimens.) Post-nuclear whorls well 
rounded, slightly shouldered at the summit, marked by three slender, 
spiral keels, which divide the space between the sutures into four 
equal areas. (In addition to the three spiral keels, there is a tend- 
ency in many of the specimens to have feeble, intercalated cords 
between the stronger ones.) The axial sculpture consists of decidedly 
curved, slender ribs, of which 20 occur upon the fourth post-nuclear 
whorl in the type, 22 upon the fifth, and about 36 upon the penul- 
timate turn. The spaces inclosed between the ribs and the spiral 
cords are large, shallow, squarish pits on all the turns but the last; 
on this they are much longer than broad, their long axes coinciding 
with the axial sculpture. The intersections of the ribs and spiral 
cords form slender, sharp cusps. Sutures strongly constricted. 
Base of the last whorl moderately long, slightly curved, marked by 
four spiral cords, of which the two middle ones are equal and stronger 
than the others. Entire surface of spire and base marked by nu- 
merous strong lines of growth. Aperture large, channeled anteriorly; 
posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, rendered sinuous by the exter- 
nal sculpture; columella very oblique, curved, and reflected; parietal 
wall glazed with a thick callus. 

The type and 28 specimens (Cat. No. 198617, U.S.N.M.) were 
dredged in 16 fathoms off Catalina Island, California. The type has 
lost the nuclear whorls; the seven. remaining measure: Length 9.3 
mm., diameter 3.5 mm. 


BITTIUM DECUSSATUM Carpenter. 
Plate 52, fig. 2. 
Cerithiopsis decussata CARPENTER, Cat. Mazatian Shells, 1857, p. 445. 


Shell elongate-conic, yellowish-white banded with reddish-brown 
at the base. Nuclear whorls decollated. Post-nuclear whorls 
marked by three strong, spiral keels, of which the first is slightly 


410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. “vou. 40. 


below the summit and renders this decidedly shouldered. In addi- 
tion to the spiral keels, the whorls are marked by axial ribs, of which 
14 occur upon the second, 16 upon the third, 20 upon the fourth, 24 
upon the fifth and sixth, 26 upon the seventh, and 28 upon the eighth 
and penultimate turns. The intersections of the axial ribs and the 
spiral cords form well-rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed 
between them are squarish pits. Sutures strongly constricted. 
Base of the last whorl rather long, marked by three prominent 
spiral keels and a fourth slender thread at the columella. Aperture 
irregular, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip 
rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella short, stout, 
twisted, and reflected; parietal wall covered with a thick callus. 

The type is on tablet 2034, Liverpool collection, British Museum. 
It has nine post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 4 mm., diame- 
ter 1.3 mm. Our figure is copied from a camera lucida sketch by 
Doctor Carpenter. 


BITTIUM GIGANTEUM, new species. 
Plate 55, fig. 2. 


Shell elongate-conic, very large, white. Nuclear whorls decollated. 
Early post-nuclear whorls with a strongly sloping shoulder, marked 
by three spiral keels, one of which is at the summit, another median, 
and the other a little nearer the median than the suture. On the 
succeeding turns an additional cord makes its appearance, between 
the one at the summit and the median keel, soon gaining sufficient 
strength to equal the one at the summit. In addition to these spiral 
cords, the whorls are marked by strong, well-rounded, curved, 
retractive, axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the second, 16 upon 
the third to fifth, 18 upon the sixth to tenth, and 22 upon the penulti- 
mate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form 
well rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are 
well impressed, squarish pits. On the last two whorls additional 
spiral cords make their appearance on either side of the median 
cord. Sutures very strongly impressed. Periphery of the last 
whorl marked by a channel across which the feeble continuations 
of the axial ribs extend. Base short, slightly rounded, marked by a 
cord immediately below the periphery and slender incised lines 
anterior to this. Aperture moderately large, subquadrate, chan- 
neled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous 
by the external sculpture; columella short, almost straight, and 
reflected; parietal wall covered with a thick callus. 

The type and additional specimens (Cat. No. 14935, U.S.N.M.) 
come from the post-Pliocene of San Diego, California. The type 
has 12 post-nuclear whorls (having lost the nucleus and probably 


No. 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 411 


two of the first post-nuclear turns) and measures: Length 18.8 
mm., diameter 0.5 mm. An additional specimen (Cat. No. 195128, 
U.S.N.M.) comes from the Pleistocene of San Pedro, California. 


BITTIUM CASMALIENSE, new species. 


Plate 55, fig. 3. 


Shell very large and robust, white. Nucleus and early post-nuclear 
whorls decollated. Post-nuclear whorls marked by four equal and 
almost equally spaced, strong, spiral cords which divide the space 
between the sutures into four almost equal areas. The first of these 
cords is at the summit. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls 
are marked by strong, well rounded, almost vertical, axial ribs, of 
which 14 occur upon the second, 16 upon the third and fourth, 18 
upon the fifth, 20 upon the sixth, while upon the penultimate and last 
of the remaining turns they become obsolete and irregular. The 
axial ribs are fully twice as strong as the spiral cords and the inter- 
sections of the two form well rounded, elongate tubercles, the long 
axes of which coincide with the spiral sculpture. The spaces inclosed 
between the spiral cords and axial ribs are very deeply impressed, 
oval pits on the early whorls, while on the later ones they are shallow, 
rectangular pits. Sutures moderately constricted, showing a portion 
of the peripheral cord. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded, 
marked by a well rounded, slender, spiral cord. Base well rounded, 
marked by a single cord a little less strong than the peripheral, and 
a little nearer the peripheral cord than that is to the cord posterior 
to it. Aperture fractured, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle 
obtuse; columella stout and somewhat twisted. 

The type (Cat. No. 165279, U.S.N.M.) has the last seven whorls 
and measures: Length 18 mm., diameter 6 mm. It comes from the 
Fernando Formation, Lower Pliocene, at the railroad cut, 1 mile 
north of Schumann, Santa Barbara County, California. 


BITTIUM ARNOLDI, new species. 


Plate 56, fig. 1. 


Shell very large, broadly elongate-conic, white. (Nucleus and 
early post-nuclear whorls decollated.) The remaining whorls with 
appressed summit, marked by four strong, spiral cords which divide 
the space between the sutures into four equal parts. The first of 
these cords is at the summit. The spaces between the strong spiral 
cords are divided by intercalated spirals which are well developed, 
but not quite as strong as the primary cords. On the last turn two 
of these intercalated spirals occur between all but the third and 
fourth below the summit, where three are present. In addition to 
the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by moderately strong, 
curved, well rounded, axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the third 


412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


and fourth, 16 upon the fifth to seventh, and 20 upon the penultimate 
turn. The intersections of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form 
narrow, elongate tubercles the long axes of which coincide with the 
spiral sculpture. The spaces between the spirals appear as broad, 
strongly incised lines. Sutures moderately impressed. Periphery of 
the last whorl marked by a spiral cord equal to the stronger cords 
between the sutures. Base well rounded, ornamented with 10 sub- 
equal and subequally spaced spiral cords. Aperture moderately 
large, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; columella stout, 
twisted, oblique, and reflected. 

The type (Cat. No. 165265, U.S.N.M.) has the last eight post- 
nuclear whorls, which measure: Length 16.8 mm., diameter 7 mm. 
It comes from the Fernando Formation, Lower Pliocene, at the Wal- 
dorf asphalt mine, 3 miles southeast of Guadaloupe, Santa Barbara 
County, California. 

Named for Dr. Ralph Arnold of Pasadena. 


BITTIUM MEXICANUM, new species. 


Plate 58, fig. 1. 


Shell elongate-conic, brown. Nuclear whorls decollated. Post- 
nuclear whorls well rounded, appressed at the summit, marked on the 
first four turns by four spiral cords which divide the space between 
the sutures into four equal parts; the first of these cords is at the 
summit. The first basal cord becomes apparent in the suture of all 
the turns and gives the shell the appearance of having five cords 
between the sutures on the spire. Beginning with the fifth whorl, a 
slender, spiral cord appears immediately below the cord at the sum- 
mit and increases rapidly in strength until, on the last whorl, it is 
about half as strong as the cord at the summit. Another intercalated 
cord begins on the sixth whorl, between the fourth cord and the 
basal cord. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are 
marked by slender, rounded, axial ribs, of which 20 occur upon the 
third, 16 upon the fourth to sixth, and 30 upon the penultimate 
turn. Intersections of the axial ribs and spiral cords form low, 
rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are rec- 
taneular pits, having their long axes parallel with the spiral sculp- 
ture on all but the last whorl; on this they are squarish pits. Sutures 
strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a 
channel. Base moderately long, concave, marked by six feeble, 
spiral cords, grouped in two series of three, one of which is imme- 
diately below the periphery and the other surrounds the base of the 
columella. Aperture irregularly ovate, channeled anteriorly; pos- 
terior angle acute; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture 
within, rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella oblique, 
somewhat twisted, and reflected. 


no. 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 413 


The type (Cat. No. 126774, U.S.N.M.) comes from the Gulf of 
California. It has lost the nucleus. The eight remaining turns 
measure: Length 6.1 mm., diameter 2.1 mm. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


All of the figures are enlarged about eight times. The measurement cited after each 
species is the actual length of the specimen. 


PLATE 51. 


Fie. 1. Bittiwm (Lirobittium) catalinense,; type; 7.5 mm.; p. 402. 

. Bittium (Lirobittium) interfossa; type; 6.2 mm.; p. 401. 

. Bittium (Lirobittium) catalinense inornatum,; type; 7.2 mm.; p. 403. 
. Bittium (subgenus?) fetellum,; type; 9.3 mm.; p. 409. 

. Bittium (subgenus?) oldroydx; type; 13.38 mm.; p. 408. 

. Bittium (Lirobittium) interfossa; 8.3 mm.; p. 401. 


oO oF CD Re 


PLATE 52. 


Fia. 1. Bittiwm (Semibittitum) purpureum ; Cat. No. 56004, U.S.N.M.; p. 391. 
. Bittium (subgenus?) decussatum; type; 4mm.; p. 409. 

. Bittium (Semibittium) purpureum, cotype; 7.3 mm.; p. 391. 

. Bittium (Lirobittium) ornatissimum, type; 12.1 mm.; p. 403. 

. Bittium (Lirobittium) ornatissimum,; 9.2 mm.; p. 403. 

. Bittium (Semibittium) armillatum; type; 9.5 mm.; p. 391. 


oor oN FE 


Puate 53. 


Fie. 1. Bittiwum (Lirobittium) munitum; cotype; 7.8 mm.; p. 404. 

. Bittium (Lirobittium) munitum; cotype; 7 mm.; p. 404. 

. Bittium (Semibittium) vancouverense; cotype; 7.8 mm.; p. 392. 

. Bittium (Lirobittium) muntum munitoide; type; 8.2 mm.; p. 405. 
. Bittium (Bittium) panamense; type; 14 mm.; p. 386. 

. Bittium (Bittium) johnstone; type; 7.9 mm.; p. 387. 


Ook WN 


Puate 54. 


Fia. 1. Bittium (Semibittium) atitenuatum; cotype; 8.8 mm.; p. 393. 

. Bittium (Semibittium) attenuatum (type of B. esuriens).; p. 393. 

. Bittium (Semibittium) attenuatum multifilosum,; type; 9.2 mm.; p. 395. 
. Bittium (Semibittium) attenuatum boreale; type; 10.1 mm.; p. 395. 

. Bittium (Semibittium) atienuatum,; cotype; 10.2 mm.; p. 393. 


. Bittium (Semibittium) attenuatum latifilosum,; type; 10 mm.; p. 395. 


oor WN eH 


PLATE 55. 


Fic. 1. Bittium (Lirobittium) cerralvoense; type; 7.9 mm.; p. 406. 
2. Bittiwm (subgenus?) giganteum,; type; 18.8 mm.; p. 410. 
3. Bittium (subgenus?) casmaliense; type; 18 mm.; p. 411. 


PLATE 56. 


Fie. 1. Bittiwm (subgenus?) arnoldi; type; 16.8 mm.; p. 411. 

. Bittium (Lirobittium) asperum lomaense; type; 7.1 mm.; p. 406. 
. Bittium (Lirobittium) asperum, 8.3 mm.; p. 405. 

. Bittium (Semibittium) rugatum; type; 12 mm.; p. 397. 

. Bittium (Semibittium) rugatum; 10 mm.; p. 397. 


oP ON e 


414 


Fig. 


or WN FE 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


PuaTE 57. 
Bittium (Semibittium) nicholsi; type; 6.1 mm.; p. 399. 


. Bittium (Semibittium) nitens; type; 5.7 mm.; p. 400. 

. Bittium (Stylidium) eschrichtit icelum; type; 15 mm.; p. 388. 
. Bittium (Semibittium) larum,; type; 10 mm.; p. 407. 

. Bittium (Semibittium) subplanatum; type; 10.9 mm.; p. 395. 


PLATE 58. 


. Bittium (subgenus?) mexicanum; type; 6.1 mm.; p. 412. 

. Bittium (Semibittium) quadrifilatum, type; 7 mm.; p. 398. 

. Bittium (Semibittium) quadrifilatum; 11.5 mm.; p. 398. 

. Bittium (Stylidium) eschrichtti; 14 mm.; p. 387. 

. Bittium (Stylidium) eschrichtit montereyense; type; 13.8 mm.; p. 389. 


VoL. 40. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 51 


WEsT AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 413. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 52 


WesT AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 413. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 53 


WEST AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 413. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 54 


WEST AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 413. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 55 


WEST AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 413, 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 56 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


West AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 413, 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 57 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


WeEsT AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 414. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 58 


5 


WEST AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 414, 


[SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE PHILIPPINE CRUISE OF THE FISHERIES 
STEAMER “ALBATROSS,” 1907-10 —No. 10.] 


NEW GENERA OF STARFISHES FROM THE PHILIPPINE 
ISLANDS. 


By Wa ter K. FIsHer, 
Of Stanford University, California. \ 
Se ee V 


io 


The new genera and species of starfishes described in this paper 
were obtained in the region of the Philippine Islands by the U. S. 
Fisheries steamer Albatross during her cruise of 1907-1910. These 
species will be fully illustrated and described in greater detail in the 
final report on the collection, now in course of preparation. 


Family PORCELLANASTERIDA, 
BENTHOGENIA, new genus. 


Related to Thoracaster Sladen, but differing in having eribriform 
organs between all the marginals, in having the dorsal surface of 
distal half of ray one continuous cribriform organ, in having the 
cribriform organs of interbrachium merged into one, in the spinifer- 
ous distal superomarginals, and in the presence of a large spiniferous 
terminal plate, dorsal in position. No odd interradial marginal. 
Superomarginals increasing in size very gradually to the sixth, which 
is considerably larger than the rest and meets its fellow in median 
line of ray; beyond this point all superomarginals in contact. Crib- 
riform organs 29 or 30, the distal ones rudimentary and the 11 of the 
interbrachium merged into one (as far as middle of sixth supero- 
marginal); structure papilliform. Adambulacral plates with a nu- 
merous furrow series and numerous smaller spinelets on surface. 
Actinal interradial areas extensive, covered with small spaced spine- 
lets. Intermediate plates extend nearly to end of ray. Abactinal 
paxillee large, crowded. 

Type.—Benthogenia cribellosa, new species. 


BENTHOGENIA CRIBELLOSA, new speries. 


Rays 5. R=78 mm., r=about 30 mm., R=about 2.6 r; breadth 
of ray at base, about 34 mm., at sixth superomarginal, 12 mm. Over 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEuM, VOL. 40—No. 1827. 
415 


416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. 


half of ray formed by superomarginals which meet in median line. 
Superomarginals massive, increasing in size from the first to sixth, 
which is decidedly larger than the rest and meets its fellow on dorsal 
median line; next 6 plates decreasing slightly, higher than wide, and 
bearmg on the rounded dorsolateral angle a stubby conical spine; 
final 3 or 4 plates decreasing rapidly in size and covered by the big, 
elliptical, very convex spiniferous terminal piate, margined by a 
fimbriate channel. Inferomarginals lower than superomarginals 
and beyond the sixth plate not corresponding to them, but near tip 
of ray alternating, there being one more in the series. Cribriform 
organs spiniform and in the interbrachial arc, continuous without a 
break as far as the middle of the sixth or enlarged superomarginals, 
except for a sight wedge-shaped area in the middle of the lower edge 
of each inferomarginal. In each interbrachium 11 fused cribriform 
organs, the odd one over the median interradial suture. The sixth 
supero- and inferomarginals have a median vertical bare space 
about as wide as the adjacent cribriform organs, which from here 
on rapidly narrow, and from the twelfth plate on may be said to be 
rudimentary. These separated cribriform organs extend upon the 
dorsal surface of ray and fuse with those of opposite side so that the 
whole area from the limit of paxille to terminal plate and between 
the two dorsal rows of spines is a thick continous mat of spinelets, 
absolutely identical with the lateral cribriform organs, and a fimbri- 
ate channel leads on either side from this area along the lower edge 
of the terminal plate. The total number of lateral organs is: Rays 
9+9+interbrachium 11=29. This varies to 30, as some rays have 
an additional small one at tip. The distal organs are of course 
rudimentary. 

Paxille large, fairly high, crowded, those on rays largest, decreas- 
ing in size toward center of disk. The larger paxille have 15 to 20 
peripheral and 5 to 15 central spinelets, cylindrical and slightly 
knobbed at tip. Papule in radial areas at base of ray and adjacent 
portion of disk. 

Actinal interradial areas large, covered with spaced short slender 
bluntly pointed spinelets, which increase in length toward margin. 
The plates extend in a narrow area nearly to end of ray. Adambu- 
lacral plates longer than wide with 7 or 8 compressed, basally webbed 
furrow spines on a curved margin, and on surface of plate 10 to 12 
much shorter spinelets, similar to the actinal intermediates, in about 
two series. Hurrow very narrow. Mouth plates prominent and 
with wide suture. Marginal spines 12, the innermost abruptly 
enlarged into a flattened conspicuous lanceolate tooth, the others 
subsimilar to adambulacrals. Suborals about 15 to a plate, in two 
series, small except inner two, which form a series just back of the 
teeth. Madreporic body a little more than its own diameter from 


NO. 1827. NEW GENERA OF STARFISHES—FISHER. 417 


margin, flat, with transverse strie, which have near the periphery 

numerous blunt spiniform protuberances resembling paxillar spines. 
Type-locality.— Station 5513, off northern Mindanao, lat. 8° 16’ 45’’ 

N.; long. 124° 02’ 48’’ E.; 505 fathoms; gray mud and fine sand. 
Type.—Cat. No. 28655, U.S.N.M. 


Family ASTROPECTINIDZ. 
ANTHOSTICTE, new genus. 


Near Tethyaster but distinguished by the presence of very deep 
marginal fascioles, the absence of a regular midradial series of enlarged 
paxillz, the extension of the gonads to end of ray, and the character 
of the paxillz, which are tall and slender. Superomarginal plates with- 
out specialized spines; inferomarginals with a single transverse row of 
small flattened, sharp, appressed spines; fascioles between marginals 
very deep, lined with small spinelets and in continuation of the actinal 
fasciolar channels. Abactinal plates stellate, the shaft of paxilla 
tall, slender, and crowned by a floriform group of slender spinelets; 
papule all over abactinal surface. Actinal intermediate plates 
extending nearly to end of ray, and traversed, between marginals and 
adambulacrals, by deep channels; no enlarged actinal intermediate 
spines. Adambulacral plates with a very prominent furrow angle 
and an astropectinoid armature; no enlarged subambulacral on distal 
portion ray; fascioles between the plates shallow and not lined with 
spinelets, as in Sideriaster. Tufts of gonads extending to end of ray. 
Madreporic body not concealed. Superambulacral plates large. Tube 
feet pointed, with simple rod-like deposits at tip. Small spiniform 
abactinal pedicellariz. 

Type.—Anthosticte aulophora, new species. 


ANTHOSTICTE AULOPHORA, new species. 


Rays 5. R=162 mm., r=34 mm., R=4.76+r; breadth of ray at 
base, 40 mm., at tenth superomarginal, 29 mm. Disk moderate, 
rays long, rather narrow beyond interbrachium, tapering gradually 
to a bluntly pointed extremity. Abactinal surface covered with tall, 
slender-pediceled paxille springing from a 6-lobed (stellate) plate, 
these without definite order on center of disk and midradial region, 
but elsewhere in oblique transverse rows parallel to interradius. On 
the ray these series are slightly spaced, and consecutive plates of a 
row barely touch. In the midradial area the plates sometimes touch 
or are separated. Summit of pedicel crowned by a floriform group of 
15 to 20 peripheral, and 5 to 15 or even more central, terete blunt 
spinelets, the latter often in a compact group resembling a pedicel- 
larian apparatus, the former radiating like the rays of a composite 
flower. On most of the paxille 2 to 4 central spinelets are slightly 
modified with broader tips, and form actual pedicellariz. Papule 

80796°— Proc. N.M.vol.40—11——27 


418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


distributed all over abactinal surface, as in Dipsacaster (not absent 
from midradial line or center of disk), single, 5 or 6 about each plate. 

Marginal plates of the two series corresponding, with unusually 
deep fasciolar channels separated by thin high ridges, each of which 
is composed of the elevation of a combined superomarginal and infero- 
marginal plate and is thinner than the intervening channels. The 
height of this ridge above the bottom of the channel equals about one- 
half the dorsoventral dimension of the combined marginal plates. 
Superomarginals forming a rounded bevel as in Tethyaster subinermis, 
covered with short, clavate, papilliform spinelets, becoming slenderer 
on edge of grooves. Spinelets in grooves very numerous and delicate. 
Superomarginals, about 80. 

Inferomarginals projecting slightly beyond superomarginals on 
outer part of ray, and forming a rounded bevel to actinal surface, being 
about one and one-half times wider than upper series. They are 
covered with a transverse series of 2 to 5 flat, lanceolate, sharp, 
appressed spinules and numerous shorter, slenderer, slightly flattened, 
blunt spinelets, which are very much longer than those of supero- 
marginals. The spinelets lining the deep fascioles are similar to those 
of upper series. 

Actinal interradial areas fairly large, but rather abruptly narrowing 
at base of ray, along which two series of intermediate plates extend 
two-thirds of its length, while one series continues nearly to the extrem- 
ity. Rather deep channels lead from the marginal fascioles to the 
fascioles between adambulacral plates, these being separated by single 
rows of intermediate plates. The marginal and adambulacral plates do 
not correspond, however. At the base of furrow the latter are slightly 
more numerous, while in the middle third, the former; distally they 
correspond. The high keel of the intermediate plates which forms 
the ridges between the channels is covered with spinelets, directed 
toward ambitus, and similar to those of inferomarginals. 

Adambulacral plates astropectinoid, with an acute furrow angle, 
bearing a compressed blunt saber-shaped spine, and. n either side of 
this, two strongly compressed rather slender blunt spines. Some- 
times a third is added, making the total 5 to 7. Surface of plate with 
5 to 7 more cylindrical, slender, blunt spines, one forming a series with 
the second lateral furrow spines, the rest disposed in about two longi- 
tudinal series behind this, the laterals of the first series often standing 
on margin and making on either side the supernumerary furrow spines. 
The plates are wider than long, well spaced, with a shallow channel 
between, over which extend several small terete spinelets belonging 
to the transverse margins of plates. First two plates much com- 
pressed. 

Mouth plates prominent, densely covered with spines, increasing 
in length toward inner end of plate, where, directed over actinostome, 


NO. 1827. NEW GENERA OF STARFISHES—FISHER. 419 


is a cluster of teeth. Marginals 7 or 8, distally with flat side to furrow, 
but at inner end of plate more knife-shaped and with edge thereto. 

Madreporic body exposed, medium-sized, with fine radiating strie. 
The ridges near center bear low tubercular prominences. It is situated 
about one-third R from margin. 

Gonads disposed in independent tufts attached to the abactinal 
integument on either side of the median radial area and extending to 
end of ray. Ampulle strongly two-lobed. Tube feet pointed, with 
deposits at the tip in the form of small, simple, straight, curved, or 
irregular rods. Superambulacral plates well developed. 

Ty pe-locality.— Station 5420, between Cebu and Bohol, 127 fathoms. 

Type.—Cat. No. 28656, U.S.N.M. 

Remarks.—The genera Moviraster, Tethyaster, Sideriaster, and 
Anthosticte agree in having unarmed superomarginals, inferomargin- 
als with a few small enlarged spines, naked madreporite, large actinal 
interradial areas, and intermediate plates far along ray, marginal and 
actinal fascioles, true paxille, stellate abactinal plates, an astropecti- 
noid adambulacral armature, and probably also in having the single 
papule uninterrupted all over the dorsal surface. The first two seem 
to be a little more closely related than either is to the last two, while 
Sideriaster and Anthosticte are possibly also nearly related. Unfor- 
tunately there is but one species in each genus and it is difficult to 
ascertain what characters are of generic importance. Applying the 
standards used in other and larger genera, Anthosticte differs from 
Tethyaster chiefly in having very deep marginal fascioles, gonads to 
the end of the ray, no midradial series of enlarged paxille, and taller, 
more delicate paxille. The last is probably of no generic importance, 
but may be. Its special points of agreement in addition to the char- 
acters listed above are the deposits in the tube feet (not recorded for 
Moiraster and Sideriaster) and shallow interadambulacral fascioles. 

Anthosticte differs from Sideriaster Verrill in having very deep 
marginal fascioles, shallow interadambulacral fascioles, no distally 
enlarged subambulacral spine. Neither the deposits in the tube feet 
nor the gonads of Sideriaster are described—one of the unfortunate 
results of drying types. The fascioles between the adambulacral 
plates, which I examined in the type-specimen, form one of the 
most striking features of the genus. They are densely lined with 
small delicate spinelets, and are therefore similar to marginal fas- 
cioles. Such is not the case in Anthosticte, Tethyaster, or Movraster. 

The distribution of gonads and deposits of tube feet are unknown 
in Moiraster. Koehler describes the marginal fascioles as “peu pro- 
fonds” while Sladen says they are deep, but the discrepancy is only 
apparent, for Sladen knew no genera with very deep fascioles, such 
as Dipsacaster. Anthosticte differs from Moiraster in respect to the 
marginal fascioles, and the thin elevated intervening ridges of the 
marginal plates. The inferomarginal and actinal spinelets of Antho- 


420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


sticte are slender, and not flat, spatulate, and chisel-shaped. No 
pedicellarize are described for Moiraster. If the gonads are found to 
extend to the end of the ray, it may become necessary to unite the 
two genera, although the difference in the marginal fascioles will 
remain. The paxille of Moiraster are probably lower than those 
of Anthosticte, and less delicate. The character of the gonads is 
important, and is apparently very reliable for generic groups, but not 
for higher ones. 

It seems better to keep Anthosticte separate rather than to unite 
it with another genus, especially as it is not at all evident into which 
of the three groups it would go with the least disturbance. 

The following table recapitulates the characters mentioned above. 
Will some one enlighten us concerning the gonads and tube feet of 
Moiraster and Sideriaster? 


Comparison of the characters of Anthosticte, Tethyaster, Sideriaster, and Moivraster. 


Distal 
Gonads . Mid- 
Gonads} con- | Mar- ae Depos- pee Paxille ae radial | Abac- 
Gente extend /fined to) ginal 4 its in eicrall tall; : row of | tinal 
2 : to end | proxi- |fascioles|>, cigjes| tube ines | Pedicel| ,.qicel| , D>, | plates 
of ray. |malhalf} deep. |" feet. | SP. slender, Brent, | larged stellate. 
of ray. cae ana inaed Stoul. laxille. 
Anthosticte.--....... Sir eeee »< x SOP hil Sete ees  *|ssbercns | seaeeeee x 
SEATS esoneatsne| Sacoe sen | ee ee x > eee Saaetsec Ba saeope x x x 
ISLOCTIASLCT ae ate (?) (G70 i Sl ee peaereee|  eAee (2) S< De) egies LE a x 
MOUROSTET hey oon (?) (Oy Tl aseae se x CORK eee Kao ee occ Beers x 


Family GONIASTERIDA. 
PONTIOCERAMUS, new genus. 


Stellate, with a large disk and relatively short rays. Related to - 
Plinthaster Verrill, but differing in having the surface of the abactinal 
plates perfectly smooth, not covered with minute bosses, in having ~ 
the plates of the papular areas low-tabulate, and the adambulacral — 
plates with an angular furrow margin armed with numerous short 
stubby spinelets; no enlarged subambulacral spine on distal part of 
ray. Abactinal and marginal plates bordered by a single series of 
small granules, the latter also with some on lateral face of ray, all | 
flush with level of plate. Last few superomarginals in contact medi- | 
ally. Actinal intermediate plates reaching far along ray, closely 
granulate, and with small bivalved excavate pedicellariz about as— 
high as wide. Adambulacral plates proximally very narrow, distally 
becoming wider; with a large subambulacral toothed bivalved pedi- | 
cellaria, and 10 or 11 furrow spinelets in angular series. No smaller 
secondary abactinal plates. 

Ty pe.—Pontioceramus grandis, new species. 


ay woe 


No. 1827. NEW GENERA OF STARFISHES—FISHER. 491 


PONTIOCERAMUS GRANDIS, new species. 


Rays 5. R=160 mm., r=70 mm.,R=2.3 r; breadth of ray at 
mid-interbrachium, 80 mm. Disk very large, arcuately pentagonal 
and produced into short pointed rays. Abactinal plates numerous, 
with a very smooth and slightly convex surface, on the radial region 
regularly hexagonal, and on center of disk and in about 9 longitu- 
dinal (radial) series distinctly tabulate, each tabulum surrounded by 
6 papule, the area of tabulate plates reaching about two-fifths R. 
The papular areas are proximally considerably wider than the area 
of obviously tabulate plates. Interradial plates flat, irregularly four 
to six-sided. All abactinal plates surrounded by a single series of 
flat squarish granules, set in membrane and flush with surface of 
plate, those on the radial plates hard to see, and larger on the lateral 
than on the transverse margins of tabulum. 

Marginal plates conspicuous. Superomarginals (30 to a ray) form 
an even bevel in interbrachium, but on ray a rounded angle, being 
there somewhat wider than high. Inferomarginals on the contrary 
encroach more conspicuously upon actinal surface in interbrachium 
than on ray, but like the superomarginals the angle between lateral 
and ventral surface is more pronounced on ray. Superomarginals 
with one, and inferomarginals with two or three series of small flush 
granules forming an inconspicuous border, and in addition a variable 
number of scattered granules on the lateral face of plates, all flat 
and sunken flush with the level of plates. 

Actinal intermediate plates very numerous, those nearest furrow 
largest, and the only ones at all regularly arranged. They are closely 
granulate, the granules flat and immersed in thin membrane. The 
plates next to adambulacrals bear one or two small rather delicate 
bivalved pedicellariz, whose denticulate jaws are slightly wider than 
high (the larger ones) or as wide as high (smaller) and fit into slight 
depressions when open. 

Adambulacral plates proximally long and narrow, very gradually 
widening on outer half of R, until near tip; beyond the last actinal 
intermediate plates they are as wide as long. Each plate is angular 
toward furrow, the angle being sharper deep in furrow than on 
margin, and is usually adoral to the middle of plate, varying in 
position between the middle and adoral margin of plate. Furrow 
spinelets 11 or 12, stout, short, round-tipped or blunt, much flattened, 
those near the angle of margin with edge to furrow, the others with 
flat side thereto. The aboral spinelet of the series is the broadest 
and stoutest, and often the adoral spinelet is similarly enlarged. 
The spinelets are subequal in length, or the median slightly the 
shorter. The actinal surface proximally is wide enough for only one 
longitudinal series of unequal granules, but as the plate widens more 


499, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


are added, until distally the plates have an even granular surface, 
like that of actinal plates. Proximally most of the plates have a 
large bivalved denticulate pedicellaria, the jaws much wider than 
high. This occupies a third or a fourth the length of a plate. 

Mouth plates small, triangular with a fairly straight furrow mar- 
gin, with nine or ten spinelets, the innermost heaviest. Surface 
covered with spaced stout granuliform spinelets. 

Madreporic body small, near center of disk and about as large as 
surrounding plates. Ridges radiating and coarse. 

Type-locality Station 5273, off western Luzon, 27 miles south- 
west Corregidor Light; 114 fathoms; mud, shells, and coral sand. 

Type.—Cat. No. 28657, U.S.N.M. 

Remarks.—This genus differs from Circeaster in lacking the abruptly 
larger abactinal plates of rays, in having smooth marginals, and 
regular tabulate radial plates; and from Lydiaster m the character 
of abactinal, marginal, and adambulacral plates. Lydiaster is more 
nearly related to Circeaster than to Pontioceramus. Ceramaster is 
distinguished by the wholly granulate tabulate abactinal plates and 
Eugoniaster, which is perhaps the most nearly related form, has the 
abactinal plates arranged without regularity although ‘‘tabulate,” 
and the adambulacral plates are of uniform width throughout. 


LITHOSOMA, new genus. 


Related to Jconaster Sladen, but differs in having the regular longi- 
tudinal radial series of abactinal plates completely surrounded by 
granules, not on the lateral edges only, and in having the subam- 
bulacral granulation short and spaced from the furrow comb, not 
crowded and graduated into the furrow armature. All plates smooth 
and bordered by a single series of granules, the plates of papular 
areas sensibly elevated. Small spatulate excavate pedicellariz on 
both surfaces. Disk large, rays long, slender, and beyond base of 
ray composed only of marginal plates abactinally. 

Type.—Lathosoma actinometra, new species. 


LITHOSOMA ACTINOMETRA, new species. 


Rays 5. R=155 mm., r=42 mm., R=3.7 r; breadth of ray at 
base, 49 mm., at eighth superomarginal 19 mm. Disk large, rays 
narrow; interbrachial arcs very open, the disk being arcuate pen- 
tagonal and produced at the corners into the long slender rays, 
composed abactinally of the marginal plates only. All plates smooth, 
porcelain-like, bordered by a single complete series of granules flush 
with the general surface; only the adambulacral and mouth plates 
with granules on surface. Marginal places block-like massive, the 
superomarginals, 40 in number, in contact along median line 
beyond the seventh to ninth, and encroaching conspicuously upon 
dorsal surface, being wider than high. Marginal granules small, 


No. 1827. NEW GENERA OF STARFISHES—FISHER. AR3 


being immersed in a membrane which nearly or quite obscures the 
outlmes. Inferomarginals correspond with superomarginals prox- 
imally; distally they alternate. Proximally they bear on the actinal 
surface one to several very small spatulate excavate pedicellariz 
with narrow smooth jaws. 

Abactinal plates hexagonal, in regular radial and parallel series, 
smooth except for scattered minute elevations (not granules) and 
bordered by a single complete series of flat immersed granules, squar- 
ish or oblong in shape. Papule in a petaloid radial area, 6 about 
each plate. Here the plates are sensibly elevated, although not at 
all markedly tabulate. If somewhat higher they would be called 
tabulate. No secondary, smaller, intermediate plates. Small scat- 
tered abactinal pedicellarie. 

Actinal intermediate plates not very regular either in shape or 
arrangement but four-or five-sided, very smooth and with numerous 
small pedicellariz, especially near furrow. They extend slightly 
beyond middle of R. 

Adambulacral plates with slightly curved furrow margin, bearing 
proximally 6 to 8, farther along ray 9 or 10, short, blunt, granuliform, 
subequal spinelets, the mesial more or less compressed with edge to 
furrow, the lateralmost somewhat thicker and prismatic or flattened 
with side to furrow. Border of plate with a row of unequal subconical 
immersed granules, and several on the surface, usually forming a 
longitudinal series spaced from furrow comb. One or two small 
pedicellariz usually present, often taking the place of several granules 
or surrounded by a smooth area. Mouth plate small, with 8 furrow 
spinelets and a granular actinal surface. 

Madreporic body hexagonal, one-fourth minor radius from center 
of disk. Furrow narrow; tube feet with strong disks. 

Type-locality.—_Station 5272, western Luzon, 25.5 miles southwest 
Corregidor Light, lat. 14° N.; long. 12° 22’ 30’ E.; 118 fathoms; mud, 
shells, and coral sand. 

Type.—Cat. No. 28658, U.S.N.M. 

Remarks.—Abactinally this species resembles somewhat a Plin- 
thaster with long slender rays, but has perfectly smooth marginals. 
Barring this it would bear to Plinthaster much the same relation that 
Nymphaster does to Ceramaster. The actinal intermediate plates, in 
contradistinction to those of Plinthaster, are smooth, not granulate, 
and the smaller secondary abactinal plates which are variously devel- 
oped in Plinthaster are absent. The genus seems to be most nearly 
related to Iconaster. It differs from Astroceramus, another relative, in 
lacking the coarse marginal and actinal granules and tubercles, and 
the specialized, robust subambulacral spines. In some species of 
Astroceramus the adambulacral armature approaches that of the 
Hippasteriine. 


494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 40. 


As in Iconaster the only spines are those of the furrow margin. The 
animal is hard, smooth, of a stony or porcelain texture, and of con- 
spicuous size. 

ATELORIAS, new genus. 


Goniasteride with unequal marginals, the superomarginals the 
larger and defining entire angular ambitus; with all the plates gran- 
ulate, and covered with thin soft membrane leaving each plate dis- 
tinct; abactinal plates flat, numerous, extending to tip of ray; 
papule in radial petaloid areas; adambulacrals with an angular 
furrow series and subambulacral granules; actinal interradial areas 
large; disk large, rays slender. Entrenched small upright two- 
jawed pedicellariz on abactinal, marginal, actinal intermediate, and 
adambulacral plates. No specialized spines; the furrow spinelets 
the only ones present. 

Type.—Atelorias anacanthus, new species. 


ATELORIAS ANACANTHUS, new species. 


Rays 5. R=205 mm., r=43 mm., R=4.76 r.; breadth of ray at 
mid interbrachium, 53 mm., at middle of R, 14 mm. Disk large, 
thin, with wide interbrachial arcs. Rays very long, slender, thin, 
with an angular margin formed entirely of superomarginal plates. 
No specialized spines; all plates covered with hemispherical granules 
immersed in a thin membrane which partly obscures them, and fills 
up the interstices but which leaves the outlines of plates distinct. 
Small excavate pedicellariz with two jaws slightly higher than wide, 
and usually with depressions in the membrane into which they fit 
when open, are present on plates of both surfaces. 

Abactinal plates numerous, very slightly convex or flat, hexagonal 
on papular areas but Bleene irregularly hexagonal, pentagonal, 
squarish or roundish, and reaching terminal plate. Plates not at all 
tabulate but sensibly higher on the petaloid radial papular areas; 
papulee 5 or 6 about each plate, and inconspicuous, not extending far 
along ray. All plates covered with hemispherical granules, sunken 
in soft membrane, and with a pedicellaria. 

Superomarginals about 80 to a ray encroaching conspicuously upon. 
abactinal area and with a nearly flat upper surface; throughout wider 
than long. They encroach upon actinal surface about one-half as far 
as upon abactinal and thus form the margin of ray. The convexity 
of the lateral angle of plate causes the margin of ray to appear scal- 
loped except near extremity. Inferomarginals proximally consid- 
erably wider, and beyond interbrachium only slightly wider than the 
actinal surface of superomarginals, and entirely actinal in position; 
surface very slightly convex. Both series with the characteristic 
granules and pedicellariz. 


No. 1827. NEW GENERA OF STARFISHES—FISHER. 495 


Actinal interradial areas large, irregularly disposed, nearly flat, 
granulated, and with pedicellariz. They extend about to the middle 
of R. 

Adambulacral plates with angular furrow margin but the angle 
nearer the adoral side, so that the facets are very unequal. Spinelets 
10 to 12, rather short, round-tipped or truncate, in a crowded series, 
the longest on the angle and compressed in a plane transverse to 
furrow, the others gradually shortening and with flat side to furrow. 
Actinal surface of plates with crowded low conical granules and oc¢ca- 
sionally a pedicellaria. 

Mouth plates nearly flat, coarsely granulate, with 16 to 18 marginal 
robust spinelets, increasing in size toward inner angle. The furrow 
surface of each plate has a shallow vertical depression for first tube 
foot. 

Madreporic body one-third minor radius from center. Tube feet 
with strong disks; ampulle double. 

Type-locality.—Station 5655, Gulf of Boni, Celebes; 608 fathoms; 
eray mud, fine sand. 

Type.—Cat. No. 28659, U.S.N.M. 

Remurks.—The new genus is quite unlike any other and probably 
belongs in the Leptogonasterinex, although further study may warrant 
placing it in the Goniasterine. It is somewhat intermediate. The 
large overhanging superomarginals and flat granulate membrane- 
invested plates, which are however distinct, are the most trenchant 
features of the genus. 


Family PTERASTERIDA. 
HYMENASTERIDES, new genus. 


In general structure similar to Hymenaster but with two kinds of 
adambulacral plates alternating; (1) prominent plates bearing a 
transverse series of 3 rather long slender spines, and (2) nonprominent 
plates with only 1 spine. Tube feet in 4 series, the feet of the 
outermost series corresponding to the nonprominent plates. Com- 
bined mouth plates produced actinally into a cone, the apex of which 
is about the middle of median suture. Two suboral spines. 

Type.—Hymenasterides zenognathus, new species. 


-HYMENASTERIDES ZENOGNATHUS, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Paxillar area raised above the actinolateral membrane 
which forms an even narrow border; paxillz in 9 longitudinal series, 
5, or laterally, as many as 7 spines to a paxilla, one being longer than 
the rest; no visible muscle-fibres; scattered spiracula. Prominent 
adambulacrals with 3 slender membrane invested sacculate spines; 
nonprominent with one, each of which is opposite a tube foot of outer 
series. Mouth plates conical actinally with 2 suborals, and 3 or 4 


426 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vot. 40. 


marginals. Fourteenth actinolateral spine the longest. R= 36mm., 
r=22 mm., R=1.64 r. Breadth of ray, over all, 21 to 25 mm.; of 
paxillar area alone, 17 to 21 mm. 

Descrvption.—The paxillar area is sharply defined from the lateral 
fringe, or actinolateral membrane, which is interradially deeply 
indented and follows the contour of the raised supradorsal membrane. 
Thus the actinolateral membrane forms a narrow border of nearly 
uniform width, and the spines do not project beyond the edge. They 
are clearly visible as the membrane is translucent. The supradorsal 
membrane is thin and translucent, without visible muscle-fibres, and 
with small rather widely spaced inconspicuous spiracula, which are 
not in definite areas, but sometimes form irregular lines. With the 
exception of an interradial area they are pretty uniformly distributed 
allover the membrane. Membrane everywhere rough with the points 
of the paxillar spinelets, of which there are usually 5 (laterally some- 
times 7) to a paxilla. The latter are in 9 quincuncial longitudinal 
series. Each paxilla springs from a cruciform or 4-lobed base, the 
lobes overlapping those of 4 other plates leaving quadrate or lozenge- 
shaped papular areas. The pedicels are longest on the lateral paxille; 
those of midradial series about half as long as the laterals, and the 
spines, which are webbed, are in all cases longer than the pedicels. 
One spine is usually longer and stouter than the others. The spines 
are three-edged or triradiate in cross section. The papule (1 to 
an area) are attached to the pedicels. The valves guarding the oscu- 
lum have a truncate summit and are strengthened by about 12 spines, 
of which the 5 or 6 median are longest. About 8 other spines, much 
shorter, form a comb just back of the valves, and are attached to the 
same pedicel. The membrane at the base of the fans is pierced by 
scattered spiracula, and that between the fans has numerous spiracula 
in short irregular lines. The supradorsal membrane is dotted with 
numerous very small whitish spots of unequal size, due probably to 
groups of gland cells. There are rather large well-spaced brownish 
rings or spots on the outer half of R. 

Ambulacral furrow wide; tube feet, with small disks, in 4 
longitudinal series. Adambulacral plates of two sorts, prominent 
and nonprominent. The former project farther into furrow and 
bear an oblique transverse series of 3 slender spines invested in 
membrane which forms a small sacculus at tip. The outer spine 
is the longest (equals the length of 5 plates at base of furrow), the 
other two decreasing slightly in length. The innermost often pro- 
jects between 2 feet of the outermost series. The nonprominent 
plate corresponds to a tube foot of the outermost series, is set back 
slightly, and bears only 1 spine, which stands in the same longi- 
tudinal series (with reference to long axis of ray) with the outer- 
most spine of the prominent plates, and is of about the same length 


No. 1827. NEW GENERA OF STARFISHES—FISHER. 427 


as this spine. Aperture papille short, broadly ovate, with a mem- 
branous envelope produced into a short blunt sacculus. The eal- 
careous part is only about one-fourth the length of the adjacent 
subambulacral spine, and there is no difference between the papille 
of the two sorts of plates. The apertures are narrow and not 
completely covered by the papille. The first adambulacral plate, 
sometimes prominent, sometimes nonprominent, has 2 equal or 
unequal spines and a large aperture papilla immersed in the actino- 
lateral membrane. 

Mouth plates small and very high, the combined pair produced 
actinally into a conical eminence, the apex of which is situated at 
the middle of the median suture. The height of this extraordinary 
beak or cone equals the interradial diameter of the pair of plates. 
From the blunt point at the top the plates slope straight and steeply 
to the actinostomial margin, which is produced into a slight beak, 
but in the opposite direction the plates diverge, leaving an open 
suture, and the margin of the plates is arcuate and nearly perpen- 
dicular. Marginal spines 3 or 4, the lateral-most the strongest 
and longest, situated on a slight angle of the margin and directed 
across mouth of furrow. The innermost spine which is well spaced 
from the median beak of actinostomial margin is nearly as long as 
the lateral-most and the 1 or 2 intermediate spines are some- 
what shorter. Suborals 2, nearly like the subambulacrals and situ- 
ated in a line parallel to and near median suture, on the actino- 
stomial face of the cone. 

Actinolateral membrane translucent forming a broad margin 
which decreases in width evenly from interradial angle. The four- 
teenth spine is the longest, and is the first to meet the free edge of 
membrane. The first is articulated to the second adambulacral. 
The spines do not meet interradially their fellows of adjacent ray, 
but leave a narrow wedge-shaped area. The length of this wedge 
(the apex touching mouth plates) is about half the extent of the free 
edge of one ray measured along edge of actinolateral membrane. 
This actinolateral membrane is nearly flat. 

Madreporic body globular, and without a paxilla on its surface. 

Type-locality.— Station 5623, Molucca Passage between Gillolo and 
Makyan Islands, 272 fathoms; fine sand, mud. 


Type.—Cat. No. 28660, U.S.N.M. 


TWO AMPHIBIANS, ONE OF THEM NEW, FROM THE 
CARBONIFEROUS OF ILLINOIS. 


By Roy L. Mooptrr, 
Of the University of Kansas, Lawrence 


The Lacoe collection in the United States National Museum contains 
examples of two interesting amphibians, one of them a new species, 
from the Mazon Creek shales. A new labyrinthodont from Kansas 
has recently been described by the writer from the same collection.! 
The two forms discussed in the present paper are representatives of 
the salamander-like Branchiosauria and the reptile-like Microsauria. 
They are members of the families Branchiosauride and Amphi- 
bamide. 

Some years ago Mr. David White told the writer of an interesting 
salamander in the collection of Mr. Lacoe and it was with very great 
interest that the writer received the specimen which, with the others, 
was sent through the courtesy of Mr. C. W. Gilmore, to whom I 
express my hearty thanks. 

The little salamander-lke fossil is a member of the species Humi- 
crerpeton parvum Moodie, which had been founded, before the speci- 
_ men was received, on material from Yale University. The name and 
a discussion of the alimentary canal were published last spring.’ 
The additional specimen from the National Museum serves to sub- 
stantiate the genus and species, Humicrerpeton parvum, and shows 
more clearly characters which are distinct from Micrerpeton, the 
genus to which the present form is most nearly related. The National 
Museum specimen (No. 4400, U.S.N.M.), like those from Yale, shows 
almost perfectly the entire length of the alimentary canal (fig. 1). 
The specimen is almost as perfectly preserved as was that of Micrer- 
peton caudatum Moodie. 

When the nodule containing the fossil was received the tail was 
embedded in matrix, but by careful use of the hammer and chisel 
it was possible to lay bare the whole tail, the tip of which ends on the 

1 Proe.-U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 39, 1911, p. 489. 
2 Amer. Nat., vol. 44, June, 1910, pp. 367-375. 
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1828. 
429 


430 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


very edge of the nodule. This was at once perceived to be precisely 
similar to that of the previously studied examples from Yale. The 
skull structure, the intermediate position of the pineal foramen, 
the epiotic notch, and the shape of the skull are so exactly similar 
to those of the Yale specimens that the form is unhesitatingly referred 
to the same species. 

Most interestingly, too, the present specimen has the alimentary 
canal almost as prefectly preserved as in the 
other two specimens, so that the three specimens 
of this species now known all show the alimentary 
canals. ‘The present specimen is, however, much 
more developed than the other two if we may 
judge from the relative sizes and the proportions 
of the various parts of the body. There is not 
the slightest trace of branchiz in any of the 
specimens. The matrix does not preserve the 
skeletal elements as well as does the hard rock 
from Saxony in which Doctor Credner found such 
excellently preserved branchie. 

The National Museum specimen is nearly half 
as long again as the smallest of the Yale speci- 
mens, and the skull is proportionately longer and 
wider. There is preserved an impression of the 
anterior edge of both clavicles as has been 
described for the Yale specimens. No other por- 
tion of the pectoral girdle is preserved. The 
right humerus is imperfectly preserved, as is also 
the right femur and tibia; other than these the . 
fossil is merely an impression. 

The skull is so nearly like what has been 
described for the Yale specimens that additional 


1.—A DRAWING OF 


Fia. 


The pineal foramen 


THE SPECIMEN OF EUMI- 


CRERPETON PARVUM 
Mooprs (Cat. No. 4400, 
U.S.N.M.). a= ANUS; 
J=FEMUR; h=HUMERUS; 
i= INTERCLAVICLE; in = 


description is unnecessary.! 
is quite large and lies on a line which cuts the 
orbits into equal longitudinal parts. The inter- 
orbital space is about equal to the long diam- 
eter of the orbit, as in the Yale specimens. 


INTESTINE; ™m= MAN- 
DIBLE; 0= ORBIT; sS= 
STOMACH; f=TIBIA AND 
FIBULA. X2. 


Traces of sclerotic plates are observed in the 
left orbit, but they are quite imperfect. 

The alimentary canal is unlike that described 
for the Yale ‘specimens? in that the intestine is longer and much more 
convoluted. It lies in five longitudinal folds and ends in an enlarged 
cloaca near which are the impressions of two glands which may be 
the posterior ends of the oviducts, as has been suggested for the Yale 
specimens, but it is rather peculiar that all three specimens should 


1 Kans. Univ. Science Bulletin, vol. 5, 1911. 
2 Amer, Nat., vol. 44, June, 1910, p. 368, 


No. 1828. TWO NEW FOSSIL AMPHIBIANS—NOODIE. 431 


be females. Like the Yale specimens the esophagus is displaced and 
partially obscured. The creatures undoubtedly fed on small plants 
and animals much as do our recent salamanders. The alimentary 
tract is preserved fully extended. 

The impression of the tail is, unfortunately, too imperfect to show 
traces of the lateral lines. 


Measurements of the specimen of Eumicrerpeton parvum Moodie (Cat. No. 4400, 


U.S.N.M.). 
mm. 
Peng oventire animal 252222522). 2j2220. 25 Rg kL. Se rts Ree eer 45 
(Tune. OF SITIES ES Se eee ee See een eee Tees, Bet eae 6 
eiirainlamentgcctiley ye eee oe Bo 2. eee vedic so Hants Soa ae ee ee 9 
aromewverse diameter-of the orbit-..22.2..522 2.02012. .e len. c elses seen sou A 
ea anite heroine Onohtennon: sos ss eo ee eek EV Ik. AONE So tae 2 2. 25 
i MEADE GINS I RI0Si6/e 2 2 oe LA A i oa ne OM CS as See er 2.50 
Bee riberetirayumed WiOFAMMON 3b) eis ie kc et a te sk edi gs. 22d. 2. seed 50 
Menthol body from back ofiskullto pelvis...-s<.2..-....2..-.---s.sekeeves 22 
Pere eae Lea C MOO ce ae wa hie S SO coc hee he de soe cat aie oo ee 9 
va. SIE SELBY CLE, Wl aa, Noe ee fice sae eee 16 
ReeertnC tet Ase ren cares tt FoR re Ra eee a 5 
TL PRGAR OM LOMUNOO era bls eeest then: 5 eee ees eee Dane eee ee of ah APE eee 3 
EEE GI Henn UUre ees aeons ec ene eee ope 2. 50 
SEL STD CUESTA ON (TT O11 EE) PRP ees A pon Rg 1.75 
Siete MES COMIAC Mr sot Ae. oe iaiae Lem © arias oe Ae Shia e cies = vide oe eS Bene 
BE EOEUIMACIES cece See er ee een e eed ethe cc oree Ste Leech eas ce beeee 3 
meneinouimtestme estimated). .)2..20. L620 NA! 2S. ene cen 52m 100 
BPP IN CrIMUINGe SAD NER AEM SEY A IR akties SE ee ee ease cet 1 


AMPHIBAMUS THORACATUS, new species. 


The genus Amphibamus was the first known of the Mazon Creek 
Amphibia to which Cope, in 1865, ascribed the species grandiceps. 
It is interesting that the latest discovery of forms from Mazon Creek 
should be an additional species of this genus. The specimen referred 
to is No. 4306 of the U. S. National Museum. It formed a part of 
the Lacoe collection. The fossil is rather poorly preserved, but the 
remains are present on both halves of the nodule, so that consid- 
erable has been made out as to its structure. 

The chief diagnostic characters which will at once distinguish 
the species are, the elongate arm, the large interclavicle, the shape 
of the vertebra, and the triangular skull. 

The portions of the animal which are preserved are: the impres- 
sion of the skull with one orbit; the right humerus and radius 
(ulna 2); the interclavicle; the left clavicle; a single vertebral centrum, 
with portions of others; and traces of the ventral scutelle. These re- 
mains are so intermingled with fragments of plants that it has been 
quite difficult to distinguish bone impressions from plants. This 
has, however, been successfully accomplished by whitening the 
fossil with ammonium chloride when the texture of the fossils serve 


432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


to distinguish the one from the other. Parts of the plants have 
been converted into or destroyed by galena and kaolin, as have 
also parts of the bones, so that the task has been doubly difficult. 
There can be no doubt, however, that the observations recorded 
below are correct. The position of the arm in relation to the pec- 
toral girdle and the position of the girdle in relation to the skull 
impression first called attention to the possible presence of a fossil 
amphibian. 

There is little to be said about the skull. It is merely an impres- 
sion in the nodule. It is triangular in form, with the snout an acute 
angle. The angle is, however, exaggerated by the compression to 
which the fossil has been subjected. The right side of the skull hes 
over a portion of some plant. The animal is pre- 
served onits back, so that this gives a good oppor- 
tunity for a study of the pectoral girdle, which 
is partially preserved. The interclavicle is very 
large, and from this the species has been given its 
name (thoracatus=armed with a_ breastplate). 
The interclavicle is an exaggerated ‘‘T,”’ with the 
stem very short. The anterior margin is curved 
and ends in a rathersharp, elongate point. The 
posterior spine is quite short and sharp pointed, 
having a length of only four millimeters. The 
element recalls, in a measure, the same element 
of Branchiosaurus, although it is much more ex- 
panded anteriorly and has a shorter spine. In 


Fic. 2.—DRAWING OF THE ‘ had 
spscMEN or Aupmea- these respects it resembles more nearly a reptilian 


MUS THORACATUS s o : . 
Mocnun (Clm No. 4300. interclavicle. The element is quite smooth. 


U.S.N.M.).  e= Cuav- The clavicle is of the simple triangular form 
so ‘so characteristic of the Microsauria. It is some- 
Bit; r=Raptus (uNa?); What displaced backward, and its inner margin 
a is slightly obscured. 

The humerus is elongate, apparently cylindrical, and with expanded 
ends. It resembles very closely the humerus of Amphibamus grandi- 
ceps, although its proportions are much greater than in that species. 
Its length is almost equal to the length of the skull, while in A. grandi- 
ceps the length of the humerus is only one-half that of the skull. 

The radius (ulna?) resembles in its general proportions those of 
the humerus. It is a more slender, lighter bone. The impression 
of the other bone of the forearm is obscured. 

A portion of a single vertebral centrum is preserved. It is from 
the posterior end of the dorsal series. It is, apparently; amphi- 
celous. Its height is about one-half greater than its length. The 
neural spine is obscured. 


No. 1828. TWO NEW FOSSIL AMPHIBIANS—MOODIE. 433 


Measurements of the type of Amphibamus thoracatus Moodie (Cat. No. 4306, U.S.N.M.). 


mm 
manetMonentire specimen, as preserved ....... 20... 52.2.2 leet kee ee seen eet 60 
EOL SKU IM rORsION = a seen eres Sees = ex oo oot hae See cece ~s' 18 
Dy PLUSES A WACO) NN Og UCN S) PRS OS he tS ea Aen ete et ee «MS 
eeRMIAMICler OhMONb Orlvss snes e Sake cast ls cepa es oe a ache ese ee sose a bee 4 
REE erse diameter OUsAIMe 1 pee ek acess 2c bb was a bets Hueeeans Joes 3 
irensverse width of the ibterclavicle)>.2 2222201. 2.04... le ecstene snd de eke bs 14 
Sen AO MLELOM OUAAING ea AB. 2 ae tae whe dee hoe ble cok eae 7 
Md Aen aIMOLerOnClAVICle 2.220 aij.ccc me SOU Otte R ose. be seis Voces sos ie scat eee 9 
ereatesc transverse dialneter of same....-.4::.. Se ag. 2 sce ec se esate 3 
Bett sul Pe UIMONUG Sa s2 Sc ee cele a see sa cot Rs area ae cove a ne ss bx BO ee 10 
Pee RCCL O LO OL SAMO seo oe eS aie o ees Siame sits ed onde ees bnie 4 
PEPE P AIG COOMA MNO re ee ae is Sees ato tesa ne Ucecis Meee s Soles Basie oe 1.5 
etiet beotmraciin (Uli h): 4.2. JSR Ae ete eee. dob See ae owe ed ecew ee mclans 11 
es Ola Vere bral COMUTUM = 22. snes acces oe hoes sen chee she stloncet 2 
OV LGHIO GIP GOTT Ss ele Ae ea ne ee ene eS Ae 3 


80796°—Proc. N.M. vol.40—11——28 


MOY Ria eee 


eas s 5 
é- on! r 7 i “= 7 . 
Sar L 4 G Z J ‘ 
. : : : b : 2 
ee Les 
= 
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ra wk ane 7 Pe eee iV WO BAS 


i 7k, ee ee z 5 ioe - 
: lyf ise hI: RL Nhe Che Nee 31 eee Mie 


y bp 

5 f peat P he MARR) ly 
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~ ~ - 2G) Cabae ce Rite s5 
pa - e cs, iP Sey 
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Missta cay | Peck Ph eis -paeebonce Me sae 


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whe el 
Fix) S r i 


NEW MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS ACLIS FROM THE NORTH 
ATLANTIC. 


By Pavut Barrscu, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Mollusks, U.S. National Museum. 


This little paper embraces descriptions of a number of new forms 
which were dredged in rather deep water off the Atlantic coast of 
North America by Dr. W. H. Rush, U.S. N., and the U. S. Bureau 
of Fisheries steamers Fish Hawk and Albatross. The one coming 
from New England has been known for some time, but has been 
confused with the European Aclis walleri Jeffreys, under which name 
it has appeared in lists. In this connection, it would be well to 
mention that Aclis striata Verrill is not an Aclis, but a Pyramidellid, 
belonging to the genus Odostomia, subgenus Menestho. 


ACLIS DALLI, new species. 


Plate 59, fig. 1. 


Shell slender, very elongate-conic, milk-white, vitreous. Nuclear 
whorls not differentiated from the rest. Early post-nuclear whorls 
well rounded; the later half strongly inflated; all strongly appressed 
at the summit, the appressed portion appearing as a slightly differen- 
tiated color band at the summit of the whorls. The entire surface 
of the shell is sculptured only by exceedingly fine incremental lines. 
Sutures very strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl and 
the moderately long base well rounded, smooth. Aperture large, 
somewhat effuse anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin and 
semitransparent; columella moderately long, curved and reflected. 

The type (Cat. No. 94288, U.S.N.M.) was dredged by Doctor Rush 
at his station 34 in 780 fathoms on coral mud bottom off Cuba. It 
has 17 whorls and measures: Length 7.8 mm., diameter 1.7 mm. 


Named for Dr. W. H. Dall. 
ACLIS CUBANA, new species. 
Plate 59, fig. 2. 


Shell small, slender, elongate-conic, milk-white. Nuclear whorle 
two, the first very much inflated, strongly rounded, and larger than 


——— 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1829. 
435 


436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


the early post-nuclear whorls. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, ap- | 
pressed at the summit, sculptured with somewhat irregular, feebly 
developed axial ribs, of which 18 occur upon the first and second, 
20 upon the third and fourth, and 22 upon the penultimate turn. 
Sutures strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked | 
‘by a very feeble, slender spiral cord. Base short, well rounded; 
marked by the feeble continuations of the axial ribs. Aperture very 
broadly ovate; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip very thin, showing 
the external sculpture within; columella very slender, decidedly 
curved and feebly revolute. 

The type (Cat. No. 94290, U.S.N.M.) was dredged by Doctor Rush 
at his station 34 in 780 fathoms on coral mud off Cuba. It has 8 
whorls and measures: Length 4 mm., diameter 1.1 mm. 


ACLIS RUSHI, new species. 


Plate 59, fig. 3. 


Shell small, elongate-conic, white. Nuclear whorls two, well 
rounded, smooth. Post-nuclear whorls inflated, appressed at the 
summit, sculptured with fine incremental lines and an occasional | 
impressed varical streak. In addition to this there appear five very 
fine subobsolete raised spiral threads between the sutures which lend 
the surface a very weakly malleated appearance. Sutures very 
strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. 
Base moderately long, narrowly umbilicated, well rounded, marked 
like the spire. Aperture large, decidedly effuse anteriorly, with a 
patulous expansion covering the posterior half of the outer lip; 
posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, the portion immediately 
anterior to the patulous part forming a claw; columella very long, 
oblique, and very strongly reflected. 

Two specimens of this species (Cat. No. 82973, U.S.N.M.) were 
dredged by Doctor Rush in 150 to 200 fathoms, off Fowey Rocks, 
Florida Straits. The type has eight whorls and measures: Length 
2.7 mm., diameter 1.2 mm. 


Named for Dr. W. H. Rush. 


ACLIS FLORIDANA, new species. 


Plate 59, fig. 5. 


Shell small, elongate-conic. Nuclear whorls one and one-half, 
well rounded. Post-nuclear whorls marked by a strong sloping 
shoulder which extends over the posterior fourth of the whorls 
between the sutures. This shoulder is limited anteriorly by a quite 
strong carina. The anterior three-fourths of the whorls between 
the sutures are well rounded, strongly constricted at the suture, and 
appear sculptured by several very feeble spiral lines. The axial sculp- 
ture consists of incremental lines and an occasional varical streak. 


no. 1829. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS ACLIS—BARTSCH. 437 


Sutures very strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl and 
the moderately long base well rounded, marked like the spire. 
Aperture with the posterior angle obtuse (outer lip fractured; ante- 
rior portion of the columella lost); parietal whorl covered with a 
moderately thick callus which joins the columella with the posterior 
angle of the aperture. 

The type (Cat. No. 82973a, U.S.N.M.) was dredged by Doctor Rush 
in 150 to 200 fathoms, off Fowey Rocks, in Florida Straits. It has 
eight whorls and measures: Length 2.9 mm. (if the aperture were 
complete the shell would probably measure 3 mm.), diameter 1 mm. 
This form is nearest related to A. bermudensis Dall and Bartsch, but 
can be separated from it at once by its much greater size as well as 
detail sculpture. . 

ACLIS BERMUDENSIS Dall and Bartsch. 


Plate 59, fig. 4. 
Aclis bermudensis Dati and Bartscn, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 40, 1911, p. 278. 


A figure of this species, which has been already described, is added 
for purposes of comparison. 


ACLIS VERRILLI, new species. 


Plate 59, fig. 6. 


Shell acicular, yellowish-white. Nuclear whorls four, well-rounded, 
with strongly impressed sutures, smooth, forming a slender apex to 
the spire. Post-nuclear whorls well-rounded, appressed at the 
summit, sculptured by six feeble, poorly defined, somewhat irregular 
spiral threads and numerous incremental lines, the combination of 
the two lending the surface of the spire a feebly malleated sur- 
face. In addition to the above sculpture the surface is marked with 
irregularly disposed varical lines. Sutures strongly impressed. 
Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base moderately long, 
well rounded, narrowly umbilicated, marked by seven feeble and 
irregularly placed spiral lines, its surface having the same aspect 
as that of the spire. Aperture rather large; somewhat effuse ante- 
riorly, posterior angle somewhat obtuse; outer lip patulous, columella 
oblique, slightly curved and strongly revolute. 

The type (Cat. No. 44811, U.S.N.M.) has eleven whorls and meas- 
ures: Length 4.6 mm., diameter 1.7 mm. It was dredged by the 
U.S. S. Fish Hawk at station 894 in 365 fathoms, bottom tem- 
perature 40°, off Marthas Vineyard, Mass. One specimen (Cat. 
No. 44808, U.S.N.M.) from U. S. S. Fish Hawk station 892, 
487 fathoms, off Marthas Vineyard. One specimen (Cat. No. 44809, 
U.S.N.M.) from station 1093, 349 fathoms, bottom temperature 40°, 
off Marthas Vineyard. Two specimens (Cat. No. 78161, U.S.N.M.) 
from station 2710, 984 fathoms, southeast of Nantucket. One speci- 


438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


men (Cat. No. 151887, U.S.N.M.) from U.S.S. Albatross station 2547; 
390 fathoms, 40 miles south of Marthas Vineyard. 

The present species has been listed from the Atlantic coast under 
the name of Aclis wallert Jeffreys. It is not at all closely related to 
this form; wallert is much smaller; much more narrowly elongate- 
conic and has a much wider umbilicus. 

The type of walleri described by Jeffreys 1 is in the U. S. National 
Museum (Cat. No. 182214) and measures: Length 3.3 mm., diameter 
1.2 mm. 


Named for Prof. A. E. Verrill. 


ACLIS CAROLINENSIS, new species. 


Plate 59, fig. 7. 


Shell acicular. Nuclear whorls two, well rounded, smooth. Early 
post-nuclear whorls gently rounded on the posterior two-thirds 
between the sutures and abruptly on the anterior one-third. The 
later more evenly rounded; sculptured with numerous fine incremen- 
tal lines and by feeble, somewhat irregular, raised, slender spiral 
threads. The combination of the incremental lines and the spiral 
threads lends the surface of the whorls a somewhat malleated appear- 
ance. In addition to the above sculpture varical lines appear at 
irregular intervals. Sutures strongly impressed. Periphery of the 
last whorl obliquely angled. Base moderately long, strongly but 
narrowly umbilicated, well rounded, sculptured like the spire with 
spiral striation, incremental lines and about six obsolete raised spiral 
threads. Aperture large, decidedly effuse anteriorly, the basal portion 
patulous; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin; columella strongly 
curved, expanded and revolute. 

The type (Cat. No. 83743, U.S.N.M.) was dredged by the U.S. 5S. 
Albatross at station 2595 in 63 fathoms, sandy bottom, bottom tem- 
perature 75°, 22 miles east-southeast of Hatteras, North Carolina. 
It has ten whorls, and measures: Length 4.7 mm., diameter 1.3 mm. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 59. 


All of the figures are enlarged about 16 times. The measurement cited after each 
species is the actual length of the specimen. 
Fig. 1. Aclis dalli; Type; 7.8 mm., p. 435. 
. Aclis cubana; Type; 4.0 mm., p. 435. 
. Aclis rushi; Type; 2.7 mm., p. 436. 
Aclis bermudensis; Type; 2.1 mm., p. 437. 
. Aclis floridana; Type; 2.9 mm., p. 436. 
. Aclis verrili; Type; 4.6 mm., p. 437. 
. Aclis carolinensis; Type; 4.7 mm., p. 438. 
AE ASE ER EA A a 


1 British Conchology, vol. 4, pp. 105-6, and figured in vol. 5, pl. 72, fig. 4. 


SIO Ore & LO 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 59 


SHELLS OF THE GENUS ACLIS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 438. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HYMENOPTERA. 2. 


By J. C. CRAwForp, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Insects, U. S. National Museum. 


In this paper 15 new species are described. Many of these were 
received from the correspondents of the Bureau of Entomology, U. 5. 
Department of Agriculture, for identification, and are of economic 
importance so that the early publication of their descriptions is nec- 
essary in order that the names may be used in economic bulletins. 

The comparative measurements used in the description of the new 
species were made with an eye-piece micrometer used in the number 
two eye-piece in the binocular microscope. 


Superfamily PROCTOTRYPOIDEA. 
Family SCELIONIDE. 


TELENOMUS BENEFACTOR, new species. 


Female.—Length about 1.25 mm. Head and thorax black; 
antenne brown; legs, including coxe, flavo-testaceous; pedicel much 
longer than the first joint of the funicle; first and second joints of funi- 
cle slightly longer than broad, the first somewhat longer than the 
second; third and fourth subquadrate, fifth broader than fourth but not 
as broad as the next joint, still forming a part of the club; club much 
broader than the joints of the funicle; head about twice as broad as long; 
the occiput somewhat flattened; face smooth, the occellar triangle 
and caudad of it minutely reticulated, and with scattered, minute, 
setigerous punctures; mesoscutum and scutellum basally, distinctly 
rather closely and minutely punctured; apex of scutellum smooth and 
polished; inflexed sides of pronotum reticulate down to cox; meso- 
pleuree, except a small area at lower front margin, smooth; meta- 
pleurs longitudinally striate on lower half; first segment of abdomen 
not striate at base; second segment striate basally, the basal half of 
the strix large, the apical half finer; abdomen longer than head and 
thorax together (as 27 is to 17); second segment longer than greatest 
width (as 14:10). 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No. 1830. 
439 


440 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Male.—Length 0.75 mm. Similar in sculpture to the female; 
“antennz light brown, the scape and pedicel flavus; pedicel slightly 
longer than first jomt of funicle; second jomt of funicle longer than 
broad, the third subquadrate, the rest transverse; apical joint slightly 
longer than broad; face almost up to ocelli, cheeks and rear of head 
almost to upper end of eye flavo-testaceous; segment one of abdomen 
at sides showing short striz, second segment slightly broader than 
long, with short striz at base; apical segments deflexed, the external 
genatalia extruded and pointing ventrad. 

Habitat—Gebelein, Egyptian Soudan. 

Host.—Eges of Tabanus taenicla P. de Beauvoir. 

Types and paratypes in the British Museum (Natural History). 

Paratype.—Cat. No. 13688, U.S.N.M. 

Described from two females and six males reared by Mr. H. H. 
King, July 14, 1909, and sent by the Entomological Research Commit- 
tee (Tropical Africa) for the British Government. 

The female of this species is easily separated from that of T. tabani 
Mayr by the lack of striz at the base of the first abdominal segment; 
in tabani the head and thorax together are as long as the abdomen. 


TELENOMUS KINGI, new species. 


Female.—Length about 0.75 mm. Black; antenne and legs, includ- 
ing coxe, brown; the knees, bases, and apices of tibiz and the tarsi 
paler; pedicel much longer than joint one of funicle; joints one and 
two of funicle slightly longer than broad, the following joints sub- 
quadrate; club four jointed, not very much enlarged; head twice as 
broad as long; head smooth, ocellar triangle with a few scattered, 
very minute, punctures; mesoscutum polished and with sparse punc- 
tures, each puncture bearing a silky white hair; scutellum with 
similar still sparser punctures, the apical portion smooth; inflexed 
sides of pronotum along lower margin reticulated; mesopleure 
mostly smooth; abdomen as long as the head and thorax together; 
first segment of abdomen striate for almost half its length; second 
segment striate at base; medially a few indistinctly carried beyond 
the others; strize somewhat longer than those on first segment; seg- 
ment two subquadrate, very slightly longer than greatest width 
(as 7:6). 

Male.—Unknown. 

Hatbitat.—Khor Arbat, Egyptian Soudan. 

Host.—EKggs of Tabanus kingi Austin. 

Described from eight specimens reared by Mr. H. H. King, 
“13. 4. 1910,” and sent by the Entomological Research Committee 
(Tropical Africa) of the British Government. 

Type and paratypes in the British Museum (Natural History). 

Paratype.—Cat. No. 13687, U.S.N.M. 


no. 1830. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HYMENOPTERA—CRAWFORD. 441 


This species is distinguished from 7. tabant Mayr by being 
smaller, with less distinct sculpture of the vertex and mesonotum, 
and by the short, more uniform striz on the base of the second 
abdominal segment. 

Named in honor of Mr. H. H. King, who collected the material. 


TELENOMUS GOWDEYI, new species. 


Female.—Length about 2 mm. Black; coxe and femora black, 
tibize medially dusky, rest of legs dark testaceous; antenne brown, 
the club 5 jointed, base of scape testaceous; pedicel longer than first 
joint of funicle, first joint of funicle longer than wide, the following 
joints subquadrate; face along lower inner orbits and the front, retic- 
ulate, rest of face smooth and polished; mesoscutum with fine 
punctures; scutellum smooth; metanotum finely rugose; propodeum 
coarsely rugose; smooth area around insertion of abdomen extending 
dorsally to front of propodeum making a conspicuous triangular area; 
wings slightly dusky; abdomen smooth, the first segment at base 
longitudinally striate; the second segment over twice as long as wide; 
segments 1—5 in length in the following ratio: 1:6: 4: 4:4. 

Male.—Length about 1 mm. Similar to the female, the antenne 
and legs entirely testaceous; pedicel and joints 1—3 of funicle subequal 
in length; second segment of abdomen about twice as long as wide; 
following segments hardly showing. 

Habitat.—Entebbe, Uganda, Africa. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13653, U.S.N.M. 

Paratypes in the British Museum (Natural History). 

Many specimens reared from the eggs of Anaphe infracta, by C. C. 
Gowdey and sent by him under number 1325. 

In the female the apical segments of the abdomen are often re- 
tracted, so that only segments 1-3 show. 

Named for Mr. C. C. Gowdey. 


Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA. 
Family TORY MID. 


TORYMUS MONTSERRATI, new species. 


Female.—Length about 2.5 mm.; ovipositor about 1.5mm. Green, 
the propodeum and abdomen more brassy; head finely reticulate and 
with scattered large setigerous punctures; scape testaceous, pedicel 
light brown, flagellum dark brown; mesoscutum with fine transverse 
irregular rugule, appearing almost as irregular punctures; axille and 
postscutellum with fine thimble-like punctures; the whole mesonotum 
with scattered setigerous punctures; propodeum with a very fine 
reticulation of raised lines; veins brown, the stigmal knob sessile; 


449 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


coxe green; femora behind, except tips, green; in front dark brown; 
rest of legs testaceous; abdomen finely reticulated. 

Male.—Length about 2 mm. Similar to the female, the tibize 
brown. 

Habitat.—Montserrat, West Indies. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13658, U.S.N.M. 

Two female and three male specimens sent by Mr. Ballou bearing 
the additional data ‘‘Lime Plot I, March, 1910.” 


Family ENCYRTIDA. 
Genus TANAOSTIGMODES Ashmead. 


In addition to the difference in venation the males of this genus are 
also separated from Tanaostigma (according to the only male known), 
by the branches of the antenne being short, not reaching the club, 
and by the fifth joint of the funicle being less than twice as long as 
the fourth. 


TABLE OF FEMALES. 


i. Mostly dark brown ‘or black ..c03 2353 otis ote se eesmioeeiee oe ee ee 2 

Largely yellow, sometimes tinged with |brown.................-.-------eeeee 3 

2. Head entirely dark, scutellum much longer than broad........-.-- tychit Ashmead 
Head with yellow bands, scutellum only slightly longer than broad, abdomen 

with scattered appressed ‘hairs..i/c2n..cbis- 25.2 ehe ns tae slossonx, new species 


3. Dorsum infuscated with brown, scutellum much longer than broad; marginal 

vein much longer than stigmal; stigmal longer than postmarginal 
EER Re ee ee eT Re ee Fy aes tie. Porm te howardi Ashmead 

Fiend and thorax lemon yellow, dorsum of abdomen somewhat brownish; 

scutellum hardly longer than broad; marginal vein hardly longer Ten 
stigmal; stigmal and postmarginal ae pedal iore eee tetartus, new species 


TANAOSTIGMODES SLOSSONZ, new species. 


Female.—Length about 2 mm. Deep brown or brownish-black; 
face below level of eyes yellow; the oral region somewhat infuscated ; 
a yellow line between eyes, above level of insertion of antenne, which 
is about as broad as the black stripe below it; sides of scrobes, a 
longitudinal stripe on scape, broad lower posterior orbits of eyes for 
over two-thirds the height of eyes, small spot on upper edge of pre- 
pectus, and a narrow line along upper edge of mesopleurs, light 
yellow; antennz brown, the joints of funicle slightly wider than 
long, the first slightly shorter than the pedicel; head and thorax 
closely, finely punctured, the punctures almost thimble-like; abdomen 
with shallow punctures somewhat resembling reticulations by raised 
lines; whole insect with scattered spicule-like hairs; parapsidal fur- 
rows meeting before reaching rear of mesoscutum and continuing as 
a single line; scutellum slightly longer than broad (as 37:30); pleuree 
more brownish, legs light brown; wings hyaline, veins testaceous; 
marginal vein twice as long as stigmal, the latter slightly longer than 
postmarginal (30:15:12). 


no. 1830. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HYMENOPTERA—CRAWFORD. 443 


Male.—Length about 1.5 mm. Similar to the female, the scape 
entirely yellowish; first joint of funicle not longer than the two-ring 
joints combined; second joint of funicle not twice as long as first; 
third about as long as one and two together; fourth about as long as 
two plus three; fifth shorter than three and four together, sixth about 
as long as third; club distinctly three segmented, about one and one- 
half times as long as last joint of funicle. 

Habitat.—Biscayne Bay, Florida. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13660, U.S.N.M. 

Three females and one male, two of the females collected by Mrs. 
Annie Trumbull Slosson, for whom the species is named. 


TANAOSTIGMODES TETARTUS, new species. 


Female.—Length 1.75 mm. Yellow, including the antenne and 
legs, the abdomen above somewhat infuscated; head and thorax 
closely punctured, the thorax with scattered black hairs, each at point 
of insertion surrounded by a very small brown spot; parapsidal furrows 
toward rear faint, apparently meeting at apex of mesoscutum; scu- 
tellum hardly longer than broad (29:25); marginal vein slightly 
longer than stigmal, the latter and the postmarginal subequal (30: 
15:15); legs with scattered black hairs; sculpture of abdomen 
resembling reticulations by raised lines. 

Male.—Unknown. 

Habitat——Barbados, West Indies. 

Type.Cat. No. 13661, U.S.N.M. 

Four specimens sent in by Mr. H. A. Ballou under number 7, with 
the additional data ‘‘On Hibiscus,’ May 25, 1909. 


Family PTEROMALID/. 


Tribe RHAPHITELINI. 


HABROCYTUS PIERCEI, new species. 


Female—Length about 4 mm. Bluish green, antenne brown, 
scape testaceous; pedicel shorter than first joint of funicle; facial 
quadrangle one-third wider than long; distance from a line joining 
lower margins of eye to side of clypeus slightly over half the length 
of eye; left mandible with third tooth at apex broad, blunt; head, 
dorsum of thorax, including propodeum between the lateral folds, 
and the pleurz with thimble-like punctures; pronotum rounded in 
front; lateral folds of propodeum broad, deep, the carina at the outer 
edge of these folds extending back on the neck of the propodeum; 
neck of propodeum with a large basal fovea on each side; median 
carina on propodeum indistinct; marginal and postmarginal veins 
subequal, the stigma shorter; femora green; the bases and apices 
of femora, trochanters in part, and the tibiz and tarsi, testaceous; 
segment one of abdomen almost as long as segments 2—4 combined; 


444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSRUM. von. 40. 


fifth segment distinctly longer than fourth, sixth still longer; seg- 
ments 7 and 8 combines twice as long as 5. 

Male.—Unknown. 

Habitat—Tallulah, Louisiana. 

Host.—Anthonomus grandis Boheman. 

Described from four specimens reared by Division of Southern 
Field Crops of the Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Department of Agri- 
culture. The type and one paratype have Hunter number 1326, col- 
lected October, 1909, in lot I 44 n and issued March 14 and 22, 1910, 
respectively. Two paratypes have Hunter number 1934, one col- 
lected December 16, 1909, in lot V 1 a 33, and issued March 1, 1910; 
the others collected November 29, 1909, from lot V 1 @ 22 and issued 
November 29, 1909. 

Type.Cat. No. 13685, U.S.N.M. 

This species resembles H. phycitidis and H. thyridopterigis, but in 
both these species the fourth segment of the abdomen is as long as 
the fifth. 

Named for Mr. W. Dwight Pierce, of the Bureau of Entomology, 
U.S. Department of Agriculture. ’ 


Tribe PTEROMALINI. 
Genus ZATROPIS Crawford. 


When this genus was originally described only the female was 
known. Since then the opposite sex has turned up in the type 
species as well as in the new species described below. The male has 
the antennz very like those of the female and with three ring joints, 
a character which readily separates these males from the males of the 
genus Catolaccus and allied genera. 


ZATROPIS DEUTERUS, new species. 


Female.—Length about 2 mm. Head and thorax brassy green, 
with fine thimble-like punctures; abdomen bluish green; eyes in 
dead specimens red-brown; pubescence of head and thorax spicule- 
like, each hair in a puncture surrounded by a flat polished space; 
scape and pedicel light testaceous; funicle brown; first joint of 
funicle about as long as pedicel, following joints of funicle successively 
slightly shorter; propodeum between the lateral carine with shallow 
thimble-like punctures; median carina distinct; laterad of lateral 
folds, the surface indistinctly sculptured; neck of propodeum short, 
finely transversely wrinkled; postmarginal vein about half as long 
as marginal, the stigmal slightly shorter than the postmarginal; 
veins light testaceous or whitish; legs, except coxe, yellowish. 

Male.—Length about 1.5 mm. Similar to the female, except in 
secondary sexual characters. 

Habitat.—Antigua, West Indies. 


no. 1830. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HYMENOPTERA—CRAWIF ORD. 445 


Host.—A cecidomyid larvee injuring cotton. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13659, U.S.N.M. 

Many specimens sent by Mr. Ballou, some under note number 901, 
others without note number. 


Family EULOPHIDA. 
Subfamily HNTHDONIN 2. 


Genus PLEUROTROPIS Foerster. 


PLEUROTROPIS TELENOMI, new species. 


Female.—Length about 1:25 mm. Face below furrow green; rear 
of head and thorax aeneous; scutellum greenish; propodeum blue- 
green; base of abdomen deep blue, the rest of the abdomen zneous; 
legs brown, with metallic reflections; tarsi, except apically, whitish; 
face below V-shaped furrow smooth, except along inner orbits; 
antennz green; rear of head with shallow thimble-like punctures; 
mesoscutum very finely reticulated; posteriorly the rugule becoming 
longitudinal; scutellum laterally with fine longitudinal striae, the 
disk smooth; metanotum smooth; propodeum smooth, medially, 
with two carine converging anteriorly and between these a less 
distinct carina; lateral carine distinct; petiole finely rugose; abdo- 
men smooth. 

Male.—Length about 1 mm. Similar to the female; head and 
thorax brassy, the propodeum green, the abdomen purplish; the 
head below furrow rather coarsely reticulate, above it more finely 
reticulate; the sculpture of the mesonotum stronger; legs, including 
coxe, brown; the space between the two medial carine of the pro- 
podeum with three indisdinct carine. 

Halitat.—Entebbe, Uganda, Africa. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13652, U.S.N.M. 

Paratypes in the British Museum (Natural History.) 

Many specimens reared from the eggs of Anaphe infracta by Mr. 
C. C. Gowdey, together with Telenomus gowdeyi, on which it must be 
a secondary parasite. The area between the two medial carine on 
the propodeum varies in showing from one to three indistinct carine, 
the type-specimens being as given in the above descriptions. The 
color also varies considerably especially in the male, being at times very 
similar to the description given for the female. 


Genus HORISMENUS Walker. 


Tn working with these minute forms it is necessary to use the highest 
magnification of the Zeiss binocular microscope to see certain of the 
characters such as the sculpture of the first segment of the abdomen. 

The following table using in part characters not mentioned by Dr. 
W. H. Ashmead will separate the females of the species known to 


446 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


occur in the West Indies. All of Doctor Ashmead’s species from the 
West Indies were described in the genus Holcopelte ! a genus which 
later Doctor Ashmead considered a synonym of Horismenus. 


t, Coxee White... - soit de os ce cee ea acmn sas eee eee Ben productus Ashmead. 
Coxs not whites... 22..2:, sss ed eee ae Beng. sth ace ese 2 

2. Neape white ws2ss seer ehserees Dee ea ene. Ses oe eee 3 
Scape not white... Si-b ace action dtisceees si) e = ot eee ine eee eee ia 


3. Face above transverse furrow with weak thimble-like punctures medially, the 
sides and ocellar triangle smooth, without such punctures; scutellum faintly 
reticulated; lateral carinze of scutellum not meeting medially at apex of 


scutellum; median carina of scutellum not reaching apex.... cupreus Ashmead. 
Face above transverse furrow, usually including ocellar triangle with thimble- 

like punctures or ocellar triangle reticulated : +. 22 -22J. 722222252 See 4 

AS Scutellum-retieulates sis ee te ee Se eee 5 

Scutellum smooth; first segment of abdomen smooth... ..--- balloui, new species. 

5.) Furst. seoment ofabdomen punctured: -. 024...02..-- 25! 2-22. eee 6 

First segment of abdomen reticulate..............-------.- nigroaeneus Ashmead. 

67 ‘Prepectus closely punctured =: 23. 5-2 a-n)- se - 25 apantelivorus, Dew species. 

Prepectus not‘ punctured: 2.2.2 2A eee ee cockerelli, new species. 

v Segment one punctured =. i239. 245455000 cee ee metallicus Ashmead. 

Sesmentoneireticulater|: #512). - 2b bee. - Japhet see nigrocyaneus Ashmead. 


HORISMENUS BALLOUI, new species. 


Female.—Length about 1.5 mm. Deep green, scape and legs 
except cox, white; face above transverse furrow with shallow 
thimble-like punctures; pedicel shorter than first joint of funicle; 
mesocutum finely reticulate; scutellum smooth; pleure almost 
smooth; prepectus punctured; petiole hardly longer than broad; 
segment one of abdomen smooth, about as long as the following 
segments combined. 

Male.—Length about 1 mm. Similar to the female, except in 
secondary sexual characters. 

Habitat. St. Kitts, West Indies. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13654, U.S.N.M. 

Three female and two male specimens received from Mr. H. A. 
Ballou, bearing the additional record “‘ No. 17, L. olez on Spathodea 
14/2/10.” 

Named for Mr. H. A. Ballou. 


HORISMENUS APANTELIVORUS, new species. 


Female.—Length about 2mm. Dark greenish eneous, the scape 
and legs, except coxe, white; face above transverse furrow with 
thimble-like punctures, the ocellar triangle finely reticulate; meso- 
scutum reticulate, scutellum and axille reticulated with impressed 
lines; median elevation of propodeum narrow, not as wide as the 
depressions on either side of it; pleuree smooth, prepectus with fine 


1 Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., vol. 25, 1894, p. 169 et seq. 


no. 1830. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HYMENOPTERA—OCRAWFORD. 447 


thimble-like punctures; first segment of abdomen punctured apically, 
hardly as long as the succeeding segments combined. 

Male.—Length about 1.75 mm. Similar to the female, the scape 
dark brown with metallic luster, the femora slightly infuscated with 
brown. 

Habitat.— Kingston, Jamaica. 

Host.—Apanteles (sens lat.), sp. 

Type.—Cat, No. 13655, U.S.N.M. 

Eight female and three male specimens bearing the Bureau of 
Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture, number 5755, the note 
stating that the specimens were reared by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell. 


HORISMENUS COCKERELLI, new species. 


Female.—Length about 2.25 mm. Green, scape and legs, except 
cox, white; first joint of funicle slightly longer than pedicel; second 
and third joints of funicle longer than wide; face above transverse 
earia with thimblelike punctures; ocellar triangle finely reticulate; 
mesoscutum reticulate, scutellum and axille with a reticulation of 
impressed lines; pleure, including prepectus, smooth; median eleva- 
tion of propodeum wider than the depressions on either side of it; 
petiole hardly longer than wide; first segment of abdomen punctured 
apically, about as long as the succeeding segments together. 

Male.—Length 2mm. Similar to the female. The type-specimen 
lacking the antenne beyond the pedicel. 

Habitat.—Kingston, Jamaica. 

Host.—Apanteles (sens lat.), sp. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13656, U.S.N.M. 

Five female and one male specimen bearing the U. S. Department 
of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology Number 5516, the note stating 
that the specimens were reared by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell. 

Named for Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell. 


Subfamily THTRASTICHIN ©. 


TETRASTICHUS ANTIGUENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length about 1.5 mm. Green, the legs, except coxe, 
testaceous; the antennz yellowish, pedicel about as long as first 
joint of funicle; head finely lineolated, the face above antenne with 
large punctures; pronotum finely rugoso punctate, mesonotum with 
finely longitudinal impressed lines; median area of mesoscutum with 
a single row of large punctures along the parapsidal furrows; meta- 
notum rugulose, about half as long as the propodeum; propodeum 
with a strong median carina and laterally a carina curving outward, 
these lateral carina centrad of the spiracles; area between the lateral 
carine with thimblelike punctures, space surrounding spiracles 


448 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. 


smooth; prepectus, metapleure and hind cox exteriorly, with thim- 
blelike punctures; abdomen distinctly shorter than head and thorax 
combined. 

Male.—Length about 1 mm. Similar to the female. 

Habitat—Antigua, West Indies. 

Host.—C. floridensis. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13657, U.S.N.M. 

Sent by Mr. Ballou under No. 60 with the date 16/2/09. 

This species closely resembles 7. punctifrons Ashmead, which in 
addition to the difference in color also has the abdomen slightly 
longer than the head and thorax together, the propodeum hardly 
longer than the metanotum and the mc nero a with punctures 
similar to the propodeum. 


TETRASTICHUS OVIVORUS, new species. 


Female.—Length about 1.4 mm. Dark green, abdomen beyond 
first segment znous; legs, including coxe, light testaceous; antennse 
brown, scape and pedicle testaceous; joints of funicle elongate, the 
first much longer than the pedicel; median and lateral lobes of meso- 
scutum finely reticulated with impressed lines; sculpture of axillee 
more obscure; of scutellum consisting of fine longitudinal lines; me- 
dian lobe of mesonotum slightly wider than long; scutellum as long 
as the mesoscutum and as wide between outer pair of grooves as long; 
median groove of mesoscutum and discal pair of grooves of scutel- 
lum well marked; metanotum almost as long as propodeum, both 
finely roughened; median carina on propodeum distinct; abdomen 
slightly longer than head and thorax combined, finely reticulated 
beyond the first segment, not strongly depressed, the sheaths of the 
ovipositor showing. 

Male.—Length about 1 mm. Similar to the female, the first joint 
of the funicle hardly longer than the pedicel and not as long as the 
second. 

Habitat.—Entebbe, Uganda, Africa. 

Host.—Eges of Conchyloctena parummaculata. 

Type in British Museum (Natural History). 

Paratype.—Cat. No. 13686, U.S.N.M. 

Described from two female and two male specimens reared by 
Mr. C. C. Gowdy and transmitted by the Entomological Research 
Committee (Tropical Africa) of the British Government. 


Subfamily HULOPHIN 42%. 


SYMPIESIS FELTI, new species. 


Female.—Length about 2mm. Head deep purplish, the clypeal 
area green; abdomen brown with green along the sides; face smooth 
except medially above clypeus, where it is roughened; antennz sit- 


no. 1830. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HYMENOPTERA—CRAWFORD. 449 


uated well above a line connecting the lower margins of the eyes; 
antennz dark brown, scape except tip whitish; pedicel not half as 
long as first joint of funicle; joints of funicle elongate, the first 
longer than the second, the third and fourth subequal and shorter than 
the second; middle lobe of mesonotum and scutellum reticulate with 
raised lines; lateral lobes of mesonotum reticulate outwardly, the 
inner margins smooth and with a few setigerous punctures; axille 
smooth, shiny; disk of metathorax smooth, with a median carina; 
propodeum with a median and lateral carine, and slightly back of the 
middle a transverse one; between the spiracles smooth, laterad of 
the spiracles with setigerous punctures; neck of propodeum at sides 
with a flattened plate-like process extending over the base of the 
coxe; postmarginal vein almost twice as long as stigmal; marginal 
vein not much longer than submarginal and not twice as long as post- 
marginal; legs light testaceous; abdomen smooth, quite hairy at 
base. 

Male.—Unknown. 

One specimen from Hudson Falls, New York, May 27, 1910, with 
the number a2034, reared from Agromyza melanopyga in fern leaves. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13651, U.S.N.M. 

Received through the Bureau of Entomology, from Dr. E. P. Felt, 
after whom it is named. 

80796°— Proc. N.M. vol.40—11——29 


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NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS OF THE ORDER MEROCHETA, 
WITH AN EXAMPLE OF KINETIC EVOLUTION. 


By O. F. Cook, 
Of the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington. 


EVOLUTION OF USELESS CHARACTERS IN MILLIPEDS. 


The adaptive characters of the higher animals and plants, corre- 
sponding to differences of habits and external conditions of existence, 
have furnished the principal arguments for the theory that evolu- 
tionary changes of organisms are brought about by the selective 
action of the environment. A special evolutionary interest attaches 
to the structural diversities of lower groups like the millipeds because 
they enable the theory of selection to be tested by application to large 
series of biological facts. 

In comparison with the specialized differences of habits, habitats, 
and food requirements found among the members of the higher classes 
of plant and animal life, the millipeds may be said to have an almost 
complete ecological unity. Nearly all the members of the group have 
essentially the same habits and live in closely similar environments. 
They pass their lives buried in the humus layer of the soil or among the 
dead leaves or other decaying vegetable matter that furnishes their 
food. With such uniformity of external conditions the influences of 
natural selection should be expected to work in the same direction, so 
that the structural unity of the group would be preserved. 

The facts do not correspond with this inference from the theory of 
selection. Elaborate structural specializations have taken place 
among the millipeds, quite as elaborate as in groups exposed to the 
selective requirements of specialized external conditions. Darwin 
and many other writers have argued that evolution would not con- 
tinue in a group of organisms that remained in a uniform environ- 
ment. Evolutionary progress in the development of new characters 
is supposed to be called forth by adaptive response to the stress of 
external conditions. The theory that selection is the cause of evolu- 
tion implies that new characters must be useful, but a very large part 
of the evolution of the millipeds represents the production of charac- 
ters that seem to be quite useless in any environmental relation. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1831. 
451 


452 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 40. 


In a recent number of these Proceedings Gerrit 5. Miller, jr., has 
described examples of divergent evolution under uniform environ- 
ments in the color characters of the Malayan species of mouse-deer. 
These are small, nocturnal, forest creatures whose inconspicuous habits 
might be compared with those of the millipeds.' 

It is the regular rule for related species of millipeds to show such 
differences of color, not only in neighboring regions, but often in the 
same localities. With the millipeds the general uniformity of habits 
makes it also apparent that such nonadaptive differences are not 
limited to small details of color or proportion, but include elaborate 
structural specializations, characters of families and orders, as well as 
of species and genera. 

While there can be no absolute certainty that any particular 
specialization of a milliped or of any other creature is entirely useless, 
and always has been, the range of speculation regarding the adaptive 
value of characters is greatly narrowed because of the general uniform- 
ity in the habits of the group, a uniformity that must be supposed to 
have existed in the past as well as in the present. The general rela- 
tion of natural selection to the evolution of the millipeds is not deter- 
mined by the usefulness or uselessness of some particular character, 
but is to be judged from the larger and more general fact that the 
structural differentiation of the members of the group is out of all pro- 
portion to their environmental differences. 

Even if it were to be admitted that natural selection had accom- 
plished all that has been claimed for it in the evolution of special 
characters in specialized environments, asin some of the higher groups, 
such theories would still be inadequate to account for elaborate 
diversification among the members of lower groups that have con- 
tinued in essentially the same environments. General facts of the 
ecology of whole orders or classes of animals and plants can be 
appreciated, of course, only by those who have detailed familiarity 
with such groups. The public can consider only the special cases that 
may be adduced as illustrations. The example of kinetic evolution 
afforded by the new Porto Rican milliped does not differ essentially 
from many other examples of useless structural differences already 
specified, but this case affords an unusually definite evidence of the 
uselessness of a very elaborate structural specialization.’ 

The animal described below belongs to a cosmopolitan tropical 
group (Stylodesmoide) characterized by a peculiar roughening of 
the dorsal surfaces of the segments by a dense felt of short hairs. 
Small particles of earth are caught and matted into the hairs, so that 

1qQ.S. Miller, jr., The Mouse-Deer of the Rhio-Linga Archipelago: A Study of Specific Differentiation 
under Uniform Environment, Proceedings of the U. 8S. National Museum, vol. 37, 1910, pp. 1-9. 


20. F. Cook, Evolutionary Inferences from the Diplopoda, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 5, No.1, 
1901, p. 14. 


No. 1881. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 453 


the animal gains not merely a protective coloration, like the surround- 
ing soil, but a firmly attached coating of the actual soil material. 

From the evolutionary standpoint the hairy covering that holds 
the soil particles may be considered as an adaptive character of the 
same general class as protective colorations and mimetic resemblances. 
It certainly renders the earth-covered animals much more difficult to 
collect for scientific purposes than members of other families with 
clean surfaces. An experiment with one of these earth-covered types 
(Stylodesmus) in Liberia showed that the unpracticed eye could detect 
the creatures only with great difficulty against their natural back- 
ground of earth, even after the location of the specimens had been 
quite definitely pointed out. After my friends had been told how 
many specimens were under a particular leaf they often took several 
minutes to find them. 

Yet there is nothing to indicate that other families of millipeds have 
suffered any evolutionary advantage or disadvantage from the lack 
of the protective covering. There is a very wide range of colors and 
combinations. Some are black, some white, some with inconspicuous 
grays and browns. Bright yellows, reds, purples, and even blue 
shades, are also found that might be considered as sexual attractions 
or warnings to enemies, were it not for the fact that the animals are 
all completely eyeless and nocturnal in their habits. 

The new Porto Rican milliped ' is of interest quite apart from the 
question of the protective value of the earthy covering, which it 
shares with many related genera. If natural selection by external 
agencies were needed to bring about changes of characters, no further 
evolution of the dorsal surfaces of these hairy earth-covered millipeds 
would be expected after the object of protective coloration had been 
so perfectly attained. Different environments could make no new 
demands for more adequate protection, for in this respect the creatures 
are equally well adapted for every environment in which their other 
limitations would enable them to exist. They can assume com- 
pletely the color and texture of any kind of soil in which they may 
happen to live. And yet evolution has continued to go on underneath 
this covering of earth. 

It seems impossible to imagine that any use can attach to the 
elaborate and highly specialized lobing of the margins of the segments, 
the peculiarity that distinguishes the new Porto Rican milliped from 
the two closely related West Indian genera, Tridesmus and Docodes- 
mus. For animals with naked surfaces such lobing would involve a 
practical change in the outlines of the segments and the general 
appearance of the body, that might be of significance in relation to 
the external environment, but in the actual case extensive changes 


1 See p. 4565. 


454 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. 


in the forms of the segments underneath the earthy covering have 
produced no apparent external result. The hairs that clothe the 
surfaces of the segments project into the narrow incisions and bridge 
them over, so that the adherent layer of earth is not interrupted. 
The gaps in the margins of the segments are narrower than the deeper 
parts of the incisions, as if to keep the outlines of the segments and 
the general form of the body unmodified. The practical result is 
quite the same as though the margins of the segments had remained 
entire, as in the related genera. It would be difficult to imagine a 
more gratuitous evolutionary change, by which the structure of the 
segments could be so elaborately modified with so little effect upon 
the external form or environmental relations of the body as a whole. 

It would be rash to insist upon a generalization from any one 
example of a useless evolutionary change, or even from any one group 
of animals in which such examples are so abundant as among the 
millipeds. But if detailed study of many other groups convinces one 
that the great majority of the differences that distinguish the species 
and genera are of the same generally useless, nonadaptive character, 
it becomes impossible to avoid the inference that evolutionary change 
is not at all limited to the characters subject to the selective action of 
the natural environment. 

That selection may interfere to retard or forbid the spread of a 
harmful variation among the members of a species is easy to under- 
stand, but no concrete explanation has been offered to show how 
selection can call forth a new character or even bring about any in- 
creased development of a character already in existence. Selection is 
able, undoubtedly, to raise the average of expression of any preferred 
character in a species or other group of organisms, either wild or 
domesticated, by restricting reproduction to lines of descent in which 
the preferred character is expressed with the greatest regularity. 
Yet such an increase in the regularity of expression of a character is 
not the same as the production of a new character or an increase in 
the development of a character beyond a previous maximum. If 
further selection be applied to the progeny of individuals selected for 
the expression of a certain character, still higher degrees of expression 
may sometimes be found, but this does not prove that the increased 
expression represents a new character, or that it is due to selection. 
The same degree of expression might have been found by wider 
selection among the members of the parent group. 

The idea that natural selection is the actuating cause of evolu- 
tionary progress lacks evidence of fact and force of logic. The wide 
range of diversity found everywhere among the freely interbreeding 
members of wild species forbids the assumption that the intraspecific 
differences are all of adaptive value or that the natural tendency 
is toward a stable, uniform expression of characters. The general 


No. 1831. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 455 


facts of diversity and interbreeding support the opposite view that 
evolutionary change of characters in species is a spontaneous, kinetic 
process, independent of the selective action of the environment.! 

Recognizing evolution as an antecedent fact, the influence of 
natural selection can be understood, for it represents the power of 
the environment to determine the directions that evolutionary 
progress may take. It is plain that natural selection must favor the 
expression of characters that prove useful, and forbid or restrict the 
expression of those that prove harmful. That such a regulation of 
the characters of a species by the standards of the environment may 
profoundly affect the subsequent course of evolution is also easy to 
understand, without supposing that selection actuates the progres- 
sive development of the new characters. 

The causes of evolution are to be sought, not in the environment, 
but in the organization of species as groups of individually diverse, 
freely interbreeding organisms. The results of the evolutionary 
process, as shown in such groups as the millipeds, indicate that varia- 
tions not only occur but become established in expression as new 
characters without having any direct adaptive value for selection to 
work upon. Thousands of differences between species, genera, 
families, and orders have come into existence while the environment 
of the group as a whole has remained practically unchanged. Instead 
of evolution being limited to the adaptive characters that are fos- 
tered by selection there seems to be full liberty of change in all 
directions that are not too harmful to the environmental interests 


of the species. 
A NEW GENUS FROM PORTO RICO. 


The following is a formal description of the animal discussed in 
the preceding section: 
IOMUS, new genus. 


Type.—Iomus incisus, new species, from Porto Rico. 

Diagnosis —Related to Tridesmus Cook, also from Porto Rico, 
and to Docodesmus Cook from St. Vincent, but with the margins of 
the carine deeply incised, the last segment reduced and concealed, 
the broad trilobed apex exceeded by large subclavate dorsal processes 
of the penultimate segment. 

Description.—Body small, oblong, abruptly rounded at the ends, 
about four times as long as broad; dorsum rather strongly convex, 
the carinz depressed nearly in the direction of the dorsal arch. 
Dorsum with four longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles, enlarged 
into subclavate processes on posterior segments. 

Head concealed and compressed under the expanded first segment, 
facing ventrad; vertex covered to the level of the antennw with a 


10. F. Cook, Methods and Causes of Evolution, Bull. 136 Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Department 
of Agriculture, 1908. 


456 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


rounded shield of rough black integument; posterior corner some- 
what excavate to accommodate the antenna; clypeus of thin, trans- 
parent, white, finely rugulose integument, with four equidistant 
punctuations below; labrum indistinctly tridentate with a trans- 
verse row of eight small, setiferous punctuations. 

Antenne rather long and slender, but distinctly clavate and 
strongly geniculate at joint 4; joint 3 slightly longer than 1 and 2 
taken together; joint 5 the longest, about twice as long as joint 4 

and about three times as long as 2, 6, or 7. 

Surface of all the jomts densely hirsute with 

short hairs; jomts 4—6 with asingle long bristle 

near the end on the outer face. (See fig. 1.) 

First segment distinctly narrower than the 

second, triangular flabellate, the anterior mar- 

gin rounded, the posterior very oblique on 

each side, transverse for a short distance in 

Fie. 1—lomus incsus. AN- the middle. Anterior, half of dorsal surface 

TENNA. e . . 

occupied by 10 radiating areas separated by 

slightly impressed grooves above and below; not incised like the other 

segments. Posterior part of segment above with 10 tubercles 

arranged in two transverse rows of four and six; anterior tubercles 

equidistant, posterior with the inner tubercles very close together 
and the outer remote from the others. 

Second segment with carine broadened outward to embrace the 
first segment, anterior margin entire, lateral margin with two deep 
incisions, posterior margin with two more shallow incisions. Third 
segment with carine somewhat broader than 
the fourth, but with anterior and lateral 
margins similarly incised. 

Segments with four longitudinal rows of 
dorsal tubercles, three tubercles to each row; 
tubercles of two median rows larger and more 
regularly placed than those of outer rows, the 
anterior tubercle somewhat enlarged and pro- 
jecting forward on anterior segments, the 
posterior tubercle enlarged and projecting ria. 2—Tomvs meses. Ca- 
backward on posterior segments. The outer “0% SFGMENTS BAND 9. 
rows well separated from the inner, somewhat curved or oblique, the 
middie tubercle of the row always largest and somewhat higher up 
than the posterior tubercle. 

Carinie nearly as broad as the body cylinder, over twice as broad 
as long; lateral margin with a deep oval incision near the middle; 
anterior and posterior margins with three or four similar smaller 
incisions, nearly closed by the connivent angles of the lobes, but 
with a broad sinus. (Fig. 2.) 


No. 1831. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 457 


Repugnatorial pores indicated by a small elevation at the base of 
the posterior lobe of the carina of segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15-18: 
these segments also lack a distinct conic tubercle near the middle of 
the carina, present on other segments. (Fig. 2.) 

Supplementary margins divided into minute oblong plates, over 
twice as long as broad, the distal end entire and rounded. 

Anterior subsegments separated by a very deep and abrupt trans- 
verse constriction; surface very minutely reticulate-punctate, the 
markings arranged in transverse rows on the posterior part of the 
subsegment, the last row very regular and elongate. 

Segments 17-19 with last tubercle of dorsal row enlarged into a 
papiliform or cylindric process projecting obliquely backward; 
process of segment 18 largest. | 

Last segment reduced and almost completely covered from above, 
exceeded by the produced carine and dorsal processes of segment 19; 
setiferous apex of segment covered with a broadly rounded median 
lobe, with a smaller and more pointed lobe on each side, also two 
distinct setiferous tubercles farther down along the posterior margin. 
Anal valves nearly flat. Last sternum broadly rounded with two 
minute setiferous tubercles, the apex not 
produced. 

Sterna very narrow, scarcely as wide as 
the articulations of the legs; surface smooth, 
with a rather slight longitudinal and a more 
distinct transverse impression. AR SU abt ELIE Oe 

- 8 ° PODS, ANTERIOR SIDE. 

Legs rather slender, joint 2 over twice as 
long as joint 1, about two-thirds as long as joint 3; joints 4 and 5 
short, subequal, rather robust, about as broad as long; joint 6 very 
slender, longer than joint 3. 

Gonopods with a large hollow, clypeate basal joint closing over 
the small apical joint. Basal joint, viewed from in front, with a 
rounded-triangular outline, tuberculate near the outer angle and 
with a smal! notch near the lower inner angle; broadly and deeply 
emarginate on the posterior face. Second joint with three simple 
plates, two narrow on the anterior side and one on the posterior, 
shorter, broader, and more strongly incurved at apex. The longer 
anterior plates cross the median line. (Figs. 3 and 4.) 

Pocock says that the sterna of Docodesmus are ‘as large as in 
Polydesmus”’ and that the sternum of the eighth segment is “fur- 
nished in front with a pair of tubercles tipped with a brush of hairs, 
a somewhat similar tubercle being noticeable upon the coxa of the 
anterior legs of this somite.’”’ The sterna of Jomus are much nar- 
rower than in Polydesmus and show no indications of such tubercles 
either on segment 8 or elsewhere. The sternum of the third segment 
of the female has a slight transverse ridge and a very broadly trian- 


458 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


gular process in the middle fitting closely against the strongly com- 
pressed, square-cornered, thin-edged, basal joints of the legs. 

The last segment of Docodesmus is larger than in Jomus and with 
two large tubercles on its upper surface, as well as having the pos- 
terior border trilobate, but in Jomus the tubercles end with segment 
19, the last segment having no exposed surface for the accommodation 
of such tubercles, only the lobed margin being exserted beyond the 
rim of segment 19. In Tridesmus also the last segment is distinctly 
exposed behind the posterior edge of the penultimate segment. 


IOMUS INCISUS, new species. 


Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 806 U.S.N.M., collected near Mayaguez, 
Porto Rico, November 30, 1899, by O. F. Cook. 

Length of male 10.5 mm., width 2.8 mm.; female 12.5 mm. by 
3.4 mm. 

Color of dorsal surfaces black, also the vertex of the head, the 
under surfaces of the first segment and carine and the sides of the 
segments below the carine. Sterna, legs, antenne, lower half of 
head, anal valves and preanal scale, whitish 
or hyaline. 

Head strongly depressed, much exceeded by 
the projecting margins of the first segment. 
Vertex rather strongly convex, sulcus rather 
deep, surface strongly granular-hispid like the 
surfaces of the segments. Clypeus smooth and 
nearly flat, with three rather sharp teeth in a shallow emargination 
subtended by ten or twelve widely separated sete arranged in two 
rows. 

First segment distinctly narrower than the second, but over three 
times as long in the middle line; anterior margin entire, nearly trans- 
verse in the middle, with a shallow notch on each side near the lateral 
corner. 

Segments with dorsal surface densely hispid with minute sub- 
capitate hairs, matted with adherent particles of earth; removal of 
these shows a granular-uneven surface without distinct markings 
other than the dorsal tubercles and the marginal lobes. Median 
rows of tubercles as far from each other as from the lateral rows. 

Posterior segments abruptly narrowed from about the seventeenth; 
the posterior dorsal tubercles distinctly enlarged, those of segments 
17-19 forming oblique cylindric-conic processes, largest on segment 
18, those of segment 19 set close together, projecting horizontally. 

Last segment with a short decurved apex distinctly exceeded by 
the enlarged posterior tubercles of segment 19; dorsal black, rough- 


Fic. 4.—IOMUS INCISUS. GONO- 
PODS, POSTERIOR SIDE. 


no. 1831. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 459 


ened surface of segment slightly produced into a broad median lobe 
and two smaller lateral lobes; apex proper narrow, smooth and white, 
slightly decurved, scarcely exceeded by the broad median lobe. 

Anal valves horizontal, smooth, slightly convex, with distinctly 
raised margins, though not very prominent. Preanal scale very 
broadly triangular rounded, not produced in the middle, with a small 
setiferous tubercle on each side. 

Seven adult animals were obtained, three males and four females, 
all in one locality a few miles to the northeast of Mayaguez, along the 
road toward Las Marias. 

The type of Tridesmus sectilis (Berlin Museum, No. 900) was 
probably collected near Mayaguez where Krug resided. Jomus is 
apparently more common than Tridesmus, for no additional speci- 
mens of the latter genus have been obtained during two visits to 
Porto Rico. A second specimen has been reported, however, from 
Utuado, by Professor Silvestri, who describes it as a second species 
of Tridesmus, T. portoricensis.1 

Other specimens of Jomus from Barrio Plata and from Bayamon 
were supposed at first to represent the same species, but more detailed 
examination shows definite differences that appear to require taxo- 
nomic recognition. As the specimens from the other localities are 
all females, only preliminary diagnoses can be offered. 


IOMUS PLATANUS, new species. 


Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 807, U.S.N.M., collected in Barrio 
Plata, Porto Rico, November, 1899, by O. F. Cook. 

Closely similar to 7. incisus, but somewhat more robust, the females 
attaining 13.5 mm. by 3.7 mm. 

First segment with anterior margin more convex than in J. incisus, 
and slightly but distinctly scalloped. 

Middle rows of dorsal tubercles distinctly closer to each other than 
to the outer rows, instead of at equal distances, as in /. incisus. 

These differences may appear rather small, but they are quite 
definitely shown in all the members of the two series of specimens. 

Eleven adult female specimens and one immature male were col- 
lected under a rotting log. The male specimen has 18 segments and 
26 pairs of legs, and measures 5.5 mm. by 1.8 mm. Sternum of seg- 
ment 7 unmodified; carine notched as in adult, but the dorsal tuber- 
cles somewhat less pronounced; repugnatorial pores more distinct. 
This specimen is of interest as showing that Tridesmus does not repre- 
sent a younger stage of Jomus, a question naturally suggested by the 
close external resemblance of the two genera. ' 


1F. Silvestri, Myriapoda from Porto Rico and Culebra, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 24, p. 577 
August, 1908. 


460 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. 


IOMUS OBLIQUUS, new species. 


Ty pe-specimen.—Cat. No. 808, U.S.N.M., collected near Bayamon, 
Porto Rico, November, 1899, by O. F. Cook. 

Closely similar to J. wncisus and I. platanus, but slightly more 
slender, the female measuring about 13.5 mm. by 3.4 mm. 

First segment with anterior margin more transverse in the middle 
than in J. incisus, but also more distinctly scalloped than in J. 
platanus. 

Dorsal tubercles of middle rows distinctly closer to each other than 
to the outer rows, but the posterior tubercles of the middle rows much 
farther apart than the anterior, so that the rows appear distinctly 
oblique, or converging forward, especially on segments near the 
middle of the body. On the anterior segments the anterior tubercles 
of the middle rows are distinctly enlarged. The same tendency is 
shown to a slight extent in J. incisus, while in J. platanus the middle 
tubercle of the inner rows are often somewhat larger than the others 
as in the outer rows. In the present species the enlarged anterior 
tubercles are united with two broad median lobes of the margins of 
the subsegments. There are two somewhat smaller lobes on each 
side separated by notches like those of the margins of the carine. 
The raised margins project somewhat forward and are more prominent 
in this species. The surface of the segments shows a suggestion of 
division into areas by very slight impressed lines. The carinz appear 
shorter and somewhat more widely separated than in J. platanus, 
and the marginal incisions are somewhat deeper and more open. 

The wider separation of the posterior tubercles of the inner rows 
in this species may be considered as an approximation to the arrange- 
ment of the outer rows, in the same way that the tendency to the 
enlargement of the middle tubercles of the inner rows in J. platanus 
approximates the specialization of the middle tubercle of the outer 
rows. 

A single female specimen was found on limestone rocks near Baya- 
mon. The color is a dsep brown, not completely black, as in the other 
species, and especially in J. platanus. 


SYNOPSIS OF WEST INDIAN GENERA OF CHYTODESMIDA. 


The Chytodesmide are more nearly related to the African families 
Stylodesmide and Hercodesmide than to the true Cryptodesmidz 
of South America. The gonopods agree with those of the African 
families in having the basal joint large and clypeate to contain the 
small folded terminal joint, but the segments lack the huge dorsal 
processes that characterize the African families. The slight develop- 
ment of the dorsal tubercles gives these West Indian genera a super- 
ficial resemblance to a third African family, the Pterodesmide, but 
the gonopods are of entirely different patterns in the two groups. 


no. 1831. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 461 


Carine divided by deep incisions into numerous lobes; lateral margin with two 
lobes. Genus Jomus, type J. incisus Cook, from Porto Rico. 
Carinze with dorsal areas separated only by shallow grooves and notches. 


Dorsum strongly and evenly convex, with three transverse rows of convex 
smooth rounded or polygonal areas; lateral carine narrow, depressed, the 
pores large and distinct. Genus Chytodesmus, type C. laqueatus (Karsch), 
from Cuba. 

Dorsum slightly convex, with indistinct transverse or radiating, roughened or 
hispid areas; lateral carinez broad, nearly horizontal; pores very small. 


Poriferous carinze with four marginal areas or lobes, the others with three; pos- 
terior area not strongly enlarged; last segment rather long, truncate at apex, 
with a distinct rounded lobe on each side. Genus Docodesmus, type D. 
vincentit (Pocock), from St. Vincent. 

All the carinz with three marginal areas except at posterior end of body; pos- 
terior area much enlarged and somewhat produced on poriferous segments; 
last segment very small, triangular rounded at apex, entire. Genus 7'ri- 
desmus, type T’. sectilis Cook, from Porto Rico. 


NOTE ON SOUTH AMERICAN CHYTODESMIDZ. 


Another member of the Chytodesmide was recognized several 
years ago in the Berlin Museum among the spec- 
imens from Bogota, Colombia, included by Peters 
in his composite species Cryptodesmus alatus. The 
repugnatorial pores open on a special tubercle 
near the posterior corner of the carinz, as in the 
West Indian genera Docodesmus and Tridesmus. 
It differs from these West Indian relatives in the 
very small size of the body and the very slight 
and poorly defined dorsal sculpture, consisting 
of a few large rectangular or polygonal areas. re. 5.—-srictopesmus 
The following characters are described from notes  CRPER. SEG@munts1-6. 

C DORSAL VIEW 
and figures drawn at Berlin: 


STICTODESMUS CREPER Cook. 


Stictodesmus creper Cook, Brandtia, p. 20, June, 1896. 

Body composed of 19 segments, length 4.2 mm., width about 0.8 
mm., being the smallest of the specimens originally assigned by Peters 
to his Oryptodesmus alaius. 

First segment much narrower than the second, not completely con- 
cealing the head and the distinctly clavate antennz; shape of seg- 
ment subelliptic, or broadly fusiform, much more nearly symmetrical 
than usual; a line connecting the lateral angles would nearly bisect 
the segment. (See fig. 5.) 

Segments with two rows of somewhat distinct dorsal areas on each 
side of the impressed median line; other areas not distinct. 

Lateral carine less than half as wide as the body-cylinder, deeply 
grooved and notched in the middle of the otherwise entire posterior 


462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40, 


margin; lateral margin slightly impressed and notched to form four 
rounded lobes on poriferous segments, three lobes on other segments; 
posterior corners of carinz narrower than the anterior, not produced 
backward except on posterior segments. (See figs. 5 and 6.). 

Repugnatorial pores rather large, opening toward the side, near the 
margin of the carina, just in front of the sinus between the third and 
fourth lobes. 

Last segment rather broadly triangular, projecting far beyond the 
small and slightly produced carine of the penultimate segment. 
(See fig. 6.) 


A NEW GENUS FROM ST. PAUL DE LOANDA. 


A report was published in 1893 on a small collection of myriapoda 
obtained from the U.S. National Museum by Mr. Heli Chatelaine at 
St. He de Loanda, West Africa.! The specimen to be described 
below was not included when the others were sent to 
me for identification, perhaps because it was broken 
into so many pieces. It did not come to my atten- 
tion until five or six years afterwards, when descrip- 
tions and figures were prepared, to await another 
long delay in publication. 

Though the antenne and most of the legs have 
been lost, the structural characters of the segments 
and of the copulatory apparatus show that the ani- 
mal represents, not only a new generic type, but 
one that is not closely related to any other hitherto 


FIG. 6.—STICTODESMUS ‘ peo : saan 
crerer. Secments described. The habit is quite similar to that of the 


19. 5 2 C : 
18-19. DORSAL VIEW. other West African and American genera belonging 


to the family Pterodesmide, but the resemblance proves to be a 
merely superficial analogy, another of the numerous approximations in 
external characters between millipeds that belong to unrelated families. © 

Notwithstanding the flattened dorsum and the broad wing-like 
carine, the affinities of the new genus lie with the Stylodesmide, 
Hercodesmide, Chytodesmidex, and other related families that have 
the basal joint of the gonopods very large and hollowed out to con- 
tain and conceal the much smaller and more complicated distal joint. 
This feature seems to be diagnostic of a cosmopolitan natural group 
often confused with the South American family Cryptodesmide. 

In addition to the large clypeate basal joint of the gonopods, the 
Stylodesmide and their allies are characterized by the prominent 
positions of the repugnatorial pores, which are borne on special 
lobes, processes, or tubercles, whereas the pores of the Pterodesmide, 
though seldom or never really absent, as at first supposed, are ex- 


1 Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 703. 


No. 1831. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 463 


tremely small and are often quite remote from the margins of the 
carine. 

The bodies of the Stylodesmide and most of their allies are charac- 
terized by the strongly convex dorsum and strongly decurved carine, 
which contrast with the flat, depressed bodies and horizontal carins 
of the Pterodesmide and related types, but this new form shows that 
no general distinction in the shape of the body can be maintained. 
It is one of those forms that are usually called aberrant, because they 
do not readily find places in previous classifications. The study of 
this type has led to a comparison of members of several other groups 
and a review of the pertinent literature. It has also been necessary 
to consider the characters of some undescribed forms that were 
accessible for comparison. 

The new genus is named in honor of Mr. Chatelaine, not only 
because he collected the specimen on which it is based, but in recog- 
nition of his services to science in the study of the language and 
customs of the natives of Angola, as shown in his writings on these 


subjects.? 
CHATELAINEA, new genus. 


Plate 60, figs. la—-In. 


Ty pe.—Chatelainea pterodesmoides, new species. 

Body rather small, oblong, depressed, the segments with broad, 
nearly horizontal carine. 

First segment large, projecting in front of the head; subflabelli- 
form, about twice as broad as long, widest near the middle, twice as 
wide as the head; anterior margin evenly curved, divided by fine 
notches and radiating impressed lines into 10 subequal lobes; lateral 
angles rounded. 

Segments plane or somewhat concave above, the carine slightly 
elevated; dorsal surface covered with minute hairs and irregular 
granules or tubercles, becoming definitely raised areas along the 
margins of the carine and in the middle of the dorsum. 

Lateral carinze with three or four deep notches in the posterior 
border and one or two in the lateral border, deeper on poriferous 
segments. The lobes between the notches form convex areas distinct 
from the more irregularly roughened remainder of the surface. The 
anterior margin is bordered by a narrow raised ridge. (Pl. 60, 
fig. 1a.) 

Repugnatorial pores located on the dorsal surface at the base of 
the posterior lateral lobe of the carina, which is more deeply notched 
and more prominent above on poriferous segments. Poriferous lobe 
shorter than the others on anterior segments, but longer on posterior, 


1 Folk Tales of Angola, Kimbundu Grammar, ete. 


464 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


and finally extended into a long tooth with an oblique or backward 
direction. (See pl. 60, fig. 1n.) Pore formula probably normal, but, 
with so many of the segments separated, all that can be definitely 
ascertained is that segment 7 has pores, and also the last nine seg- 
ments of the body, with the exception of segments 14 and 20. 

Supplementary margin well developed, consisting of a row of 
oblong or broadly spatulate appendages, those of the ventral side 
broader and with truncate entire margins, those of the dorsal side 
distinctly angled in the middle and with the margins very minutely 
toothed. (See pl. 60, figs. if and 1g.) 

Posterior segments gradually narrowed, the last three more 
abruptly, and with the margins more deeply lobed; the posterior 
margins more deeply notched or toothed, and the poriferous lobes 
of the carine produced into long recurved spines. 

Last segment small, conic, not concealed under the penultimate; 
the decurved apex ending in a small truncate tubercle, not definitely 
indicated in the drawing. (PI. 60, fig. 1n.) Anal valves rather flat, 
the surface minutely granular but without distinct tubercles. 

Preanal scale very broadly triangular, the lateral edges distinctly 
concave; apex rounded in the middle, but produced on each side into 
a distinct papilliform tubercle, bearing along bristle. (PI. 60, fig. 17.) 

Sterna narrow, with a distinct, but rather narrow and shallow 
median groove, and a broader and deeper transverse groove; no 
spines at the bases of the legs. (Pl. 60, fig. 1c.) 

Legs rather slender; joint 2 nearly as long as joint 3, slightly 
exceeded by joint 6; joint 5 nearly twice as long as joint 4 and half 
as long as joint 6. (PI. 60, fig. 1h.) 

Copulatory legs with a large clypeate basal joint inclosing and con- 
cealing the complicated terminal joint. (Pl. 60, figs. 1), k, /, and m.) 
The basal joint has a strong tooth near the middle of the posterior 
border. The upper part of the basal joint, as seen on the mesial face 
(pl. 60, fig. 1m) has a large depression to accommodate the strongly 
recurved terminal spine of the apical joint which bends backward 
toward the depression. Anterior margin of rim of aperture with a 
triangular median process. (Pl. 60, fig. 17.) 


CHATELAINEA PTERODESMOIDES, new species. 


Ty pe-specimen.—Cat. No. 802, U.S.N.M., collected by Heli Chate- 
laine at St. Paula de Loanda. Accession 23,400. 

Length of male probably about 18 mm.; width 3.5 mm. 

Color of alcoholic specimen a dull slightly reddish brown, paler 
below. As in Stylodesmus and other related forms, the finely hispid 
or pilose surface doubtless holds small particles of earth that lend 
the living animal the exact color of the soil in which it happens to 
live. 


no. 1831. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 465 


Head small and depressed, facing nearly ventral, concealed far 
under the projecting margin of the first segment. Vertex rather 
obscurely and irregularly granular, with a rather distinct rounded 
prominence at each of the posterior corners, behind the antenne; 
surface pilose like that of the segments. Clypeus rather long and 
narrow, distinctly emarginate on the sides, with a rather broadly 
sloping transverse ridge; surface nearly smooth, scarcely pilose, 
labrum narrow, smooth, with a shallow emargination and three 
rather sharp teeth. 

Antenne rather slender, moderately pilose; second joint over 
twice as long as the first and somewhat exceeding the third; other 
joints lost. 

First segment distinctly narrower than the second, over half as 
long as broad, widest in front of the middle. Dorsal surface strongly 
convex in the posterior part, concave in front, the anterior margin 
distinctly upturned; irregularly granular, more even on the marginal 
areas; densely and very minutely pilose. : 

Second and following segments with three lateral lobes or areas 
and three or four posterior, the latter separated by larger notches. 
Surfaces of lobes rather evenly convex, the remainder of the surface 
roughened with low irregular granules. 

Posterior segments somewhat gradually narrowed from about the 
sixteenth. Carine rather more strongly upturned than on the middle 
segments and with the poriferous posterior lobe produced into a 
long oblique spine bearing the pore near the base. Posterior margin 
more distinctly scalloped in the middle than on anterior and middle 
segments. Segments 18 and 19 have the two middle tubercles of the 
posterior margin specially enlarged. 

Last segment distinctly projecting beyond segment 19 in the mid- 
dle, though evidently exceeded by the long poriferous tubercles of 
segment 19, incomplete in this specimen, as the figure indicates. 
Surface less uneven than on preceding segments, but still distinctly 
granular and pilose. Two minute setiferous tubercles along the 
lateral margins on each side below the apex. 


RELATIONSHIPS OF THE FAMILY CRYPTODESMID. 


The difficulty of assigning Chatelainea to a satisfactory place in 
the classification is due, in large measure, to the confusion that has 
been allowed to gather around Cryptodesmus, the genus to which 
some writers might refer Chatelainea. This name belongs, in reality, 
to a little-known South American milliped, but has been used for 
many and very diverse species from all parts of the tropical world. 
It is generally considered that the tropical forms referred to the genus 
Cryptodesmus or to the family Cryptodesmide constitute a distinct 
group, but most writers have hesitated to recognize the true extent 

80796°—Proc. N.M.vol.40—11——30 


466 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 40. 


of the structural diversities inside this group, perhaps because of the 
uncertainty that still attaches to the original genus Cryptodesmus 
and the family Cryptodesmide. 

Comparison of African material with the original specimens of 
Cryptodesmus in the Berlin Museum showed that the reference of 
African species to this genus was without warrant, and the presence 
of many constant structural differences among the members of a rich 
African fauna led to the recognition of a considerable series of new 
genera, and finally to the grouping of these genera into families. It 
was also found that some of the tropical American millipeds were 
much more related to the African genera than the first species that 
Peters assigned to Cryptodesmus, so that some new American genera 
were established and assigned, provisionally at least, to African 
families. 

As the American fauna becomes better known it appears more and 
more probable that the original genus Cryptodesmus stands well apart 
from the other members of the series of forms usually associated with 
it. Indeed, in Pocock’s recent treatment of the Central American 
millipeds in the Biologia Centrali-Americana a new family Peridon- 
todesmide is established for the genus that seems to be more nearly 
related to Cryptodesmus than any other member of the Central 
American fauna. The first segment of Peridontodesmus is not ex- 
panded as in Cryptodesmus and the carine are broader and more 
deeply notched, but such differences would not be considered very . 
serious if other features were alike. 

It may be that the rough outlines of the first and last segments of 
the type of Cryptodesmus shown on pl. 60, figs. 2a and 2c, will help to 
explain the tendency to look upon any 20-segmented tropical milliped 
with a large first segment as a relative of Cryptodesmus, and to show 
at the same time that such conclusions are generally unwarranted. 
Apart from the broadly expanded first segment, the original type of 
Cryptodesmus does not show any tendency toward either of the two 
forms of specialization that characterize most of its supposed rela- 
tives. The segments do not have radiating marginal areas as in the 
Pterodesmide, nor enlarged dorsal tubercles, crests, or processes as 
in the Stylodesmide, Hercodesmide, and Chytodesmide. The 
repugnatorial pores are equally unspecialized. They are not located — 
on the anterior part of the segment as in the Pterodesmide, nor on a | 
special lobe or tubercle as in the Stylodesmide and their allies, but 
are located near the margin on a slight elevation, somewhat as in 
Scytonotus. The segments have simple piliferous tubercles as in 
Peridontodesmus and Scytonotus, and in the pore characters also 
there is more agreement with these genera than with the Pterodes- 
mide or the Stylodesmidz. There would seem to be better justifi- 
cation for the recognition of the family Scytonotide than for the 


No. 1831. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 467 


family Peridontodesmidx. Scytonotus is a specialized type that cer- 
tainly stands well apart from the now rather numerous genera of 
true Polydesmide in the structure and sculpture of the segments, as 
well as in the numerous and highly specialized secondary sexual 
characters. This has been recognized by Attems in his System der 
Polydesmiden, where our North American Scytonotus is associated 
with members of the South American family Trachelodesmide, 
though the lack of any true relationship is admitted. The structure 
of the gonopods of Scytonotus is also peculiar in that the basal joint 
is unusually large and somewhat hollowed out to accommodate the 
second joint. Though the specialization is not carried to any such 
extent as in the Stylodesmoid series, the analogy is suggestive. In 
Peridontodesmus, according to Pocock, the basal joints of the gono- 
pods are fused together, a unique condition, as far as known, in the 
entire order. 


A NEW SOUTH AMERICAN GENUS RELATED TO CRYPTODESMUS 
AND PERIDONTODESMUS. 


The relations between Peridontodesmus and Cryptodesmus appear 
to be very close, both in the characters of the segments and in the 
more significant features of the structure of the gonopods. A 
Brazilian species described by Attems as Cryptodesmus pusillus, 
though not as similar to C. olfersii as its author supposed, is at least 
to be considered as a member of a related genus. A comparison of 
Attems’s description and figures of Cryptodesmus pusillus with notes 
and drawings made from the type-specimen of C. olfersii shows 
several important discrepancies, though not such as to destroy the 
probability of family relationship with Cryptodesmus. 

The body of C. pusillus is much smaller and more slender, seven 
times as long as wide (7 mm. by 1 mm.), instead of about four times 
(11 mm. by 2.5 mm.), in C. olfersii. The segments appear to be 
relatively longer and narrower than those of C. olfersvi and the body 
is said to be broader in front, while that of C. olfersi is somewhat 
narrowed, with the first segment not as wide as the second. 

The antenne of C. olfersw are distinctly clavate. Those of C. 
pusillus are large and robust, but the terminal joints are not strongly 
thickened. 

First segment of C. pusillus is much more expanded than in C. 
olfersi, semicircular in shape, two-thirds as long as broad; that of 
C. olfersvi transversely elliptic, less than half as long as broad. Ante- 
rior margin even in both species, bordered in C. olfersvi by a simple 
row of flattish granules; smooth in C. pusillus, with twenty yellow 
lobes of the inner tissues showing through the transparent chitin. 

Carine of C. pusillus very angular and with the posterior corners 
produced; those of C. olfersit narrowed and rounded. The delicate, 


468 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


transparent lateral margins of the anterior carine of C. pusillus are 
produced into distinct teeth, each with a large projecting bristle, 
instead of rather obscurely and unevenly sinuate-dentate as in C. 
olfersii. Posterior margins with fewer and less distinct teeth than 
in C. olfersir. 

The segments of C. pusillus are distinctly convex im the middle, 
and the adjacent tubercles of the anterior row run together to form 
a transverse ridge. Neither of these features was noted in ©. olfersia, 
the segments of which have three regular transverse rows of simple 
granules, each provided with a short hair. 

Repugnatorial pores in C. pusillus located in distinct furrows that 
separate the bases of the marginal teeth, in front of the first tooth 
before the posterior corner. In C. olfersw there is no such distinct 
development of the marginal teeth, and the pores are located on a 
slight broad elevation, rather close to the margins of the segments. 


APOMUS, new genus. 


Such differences would seem to require the recognition of a distinct 
genus, for which the name Apomus is proposed, with Apomus pusillus 
(Attems) as the type. Though the specialization of the first segment 
in Apomus is carried even farther than in Cryptodesmus, the gonopods 
are distinctly of the same peculiar pattern as those of Pocock’s 
Peridontodesmus flagellatus from Guatemala. 


NOTES ON THE SOUTH AMERICAN GENUS CHONODESMUS. 


The genus Chonodesmus, based on Cryptodesmus alatus Peters, 
from Bogota, Colombia, has been referred to the African family 
Pterodesmidz on account of a very close approximation in the 
form and ornamentation of the segments, and the location of the 
repugnatorial pores in the anterior part of the carina. Nevertheless, 
it is possible that Chonodesmus belongs to the true Cryptodesmidee 
or to the Peridontodesmide, if these groups are distinct. The situa- 
tion of the repugnatorial pores at the side of a small elevation is much 
as in Peridontodesmus and the gonopods are quite complicated, 
much more so than those of any of the African genera of Peterodes- 
mide. The first segment is much shorter than in Cryptodesmus and 
Apomus, being less than one-third as long as broad, and the posterior 
margin is nearly transverse, instead of being turned forward at the 
sides. The following notes and figures were drawn from the type- 
specimen in the Berlin Museum. 


CHONODESMUS ALATUS (Peters). 


Cryptodesmus alatus Peters, Monatsber. kénigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1864, p. 621. 

Chonodesmus alatus Coox, Brandtia, p. 23, June, 1896. 

Antenne rather short and robust, distinctly clavate; joints 5 and 
6 subequal, much larger than the others; joint 2 only slightly longer 


no. 1831. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 469 


than joints 1, 3, 4, and 7, which are subequal in length. Surfaces of 
all the joints rather densely hirsute with rather short hairs. Outer 
side of joints 5 and 6 with a large rounded prominence 
bearing numerous sense-cones. (Tig. 7.) 

First segment subcrescentic, very short and broad, 
only slightly exceeded by the second segment. An- 
terior margin evenly rounded, lateral corners rather 
sharp, but scarcely produced; posterior edge with a 

distinct median emargination and 
a much slighter and broader emar-__ Fic.7.—Caonopes- 
gination, on ,each, side of the ©") . 

middle. Surface covered with nu- 
Fic.8_Cuonoprsuus merous small convex areas, about twenty along 
Be the anterior margin, those of the posterior margin 
somewhat larger and less numerous. (Fig. 8.) 

Dorsal surface of the segments occupied by three transverse rows 
of convex, piliferous areas, smaller and more regular than those of 
the carine. Margins of carine divided by radiating impressed lines 
into broad, slightly angled or rounded lobes, four on the lateral edge 
and four or five on the posterior. (Fig. 9.) 

Repugnatorial pores not opening on the margins of the carine, but 
at the side of a small elevation near the base of the second lateral 
area, somewhat in front of the transverse middle of the carina. 

Last segment with apex rather broadly rounded, 
only slightly exceeding the broad, triangular pro- 
jections of the carine of the penultimate segment. 

(Fig. 10.) 

It was on this specimen that Peters evidently relied 
in drawing his description of Cryptodesmus alatus, 
and he stated in particular that his measurements,  , 

11 mm. by 2.7 mm., applied to the 
largest of the specimens. All the ere 
other characters that Peters gives MENTS 4 AND 5. 
in the original description apply to Sache oe 
Fig. 10.—CHONODES- this individual. 
MUS ALATUS. SEG- In the second species of Chonodesmus, C. regu- 
MENTS 180. Por Yaris, the dorsum is more convex and the carine 
less horizontal, the piliferous dorsal areas are more 
equal in size, more regularly placed on the dorsal surface, and pro- 
vided with longer hairs. The body measured 8 mm. by 2.2 mm., but 
may not have been mature, as only 19 segments were counted. 


470 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 


A NEW SPECIES OF PERIDONTODESMUS FROM GUATEMALA. 


The small size of the first segment is the most striking external 
feature that differentiates Peridontodesmus from Cryptodesmus. Po- 
cock considers this as a primitive character in justifying the erection 
of a family, but it seems more reasonable to look upon the peculiari- 
ties of this segment as specializations in both cases. 


PERIDONTODESMUS PURULICUS, new species. 


Another species of Peridontodesmus, not studied by Pocock, has 
the first segment less reduced, scarcely narrower than the rounded 
anterior corners of the second segment, and with the lateral corners 
less pointed than in the species studied by Pocock, though more 
specialized in other ways. The teeth that border the anterior margin 
of the first segment are of different sizes, five or six near the lateral 
corners being much larger than those farther toward the middle. 

The antenne are distinctly clavate, but not geniculate; joints 1-5 
short and robust, increasing in length and diameter; joint 6 about 
twice as long as joint 5, more than twice as long as joint 7; joint 3 
scarcely longer than joints 2 and 4 instead of much longer, as in 
P. flagellifer. These proportions are also widely different from those 
found in Scytonotus where joint 3 is the longest, and joints 4 and 5 
are nearly as long as joint 6. 

The dorsal tubercles are reduced so that the segments are nearly 
smooth, though beset with three transverse rows of long hairs. Porif- 
erous segments have the carine dark brown like the middle of the 
body, while segments without pores have yellowish carine. 

The gonopods end in three prongs, somewhat as in P. flagellifer, 
with the short inner prong sharply decurved, as in that species, but 
not so much exceeded by the relatively short and straight outer 
prong. Middle prong expanded into a short, incurved plate, trun- 
cate-emarginate at apex, and with the corners produced into small 
teeth. The long retrorse basal prong of P. flagellifer is replaced by 
a large rounded ventral prominence with a pencil of compact bristles 
on its distal slope. Female genitalia broadly clavate globose, the 
apical surface with a deep transverse groove. 

This species may be called Peridontodesmus purulicus. The type 
is deposited in the U. S. National Museum (Cat. No. 809), a male 
specimen collected at Purula, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala, by O. F. 
Cook in June, 1904, measuring 8 mm. by nearly 2 mm. 

The bearing of these new forms upon the classification of Chatelainea 
lies in the fact that their characters connect Cryptodesmus with the 
American series represented by Peridontodesmus and Scytonotus, and 
perhaps even with the true Polydesmide, rather than with the African 
and other tropical types which it has been customary to refer to the 
genus Cryptodesmus or to the family Cryptodesmide. 


No. 1831. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 471 


In other words, the true Oryptodesmids of South America have 
no close relationship with the African families Pterodesmids and 
Stylodesmids.' 


THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF CHATELAINEA. 


Though the structure of the gonopods shows that the affinities of 
Chatelavnea undoubtedly lie with Stylodesmide and Hercodesmide, 
rather than with the Pterodesmide, the radical difference in the 
form of the body forbids the reference of the genus to either of the 
related African families, both of which are characterized by strongly 
convex segments, strongly depressed caring, and longitudinal ridges 
of large dorsal tubercles or processes. 

Chatelainea was compared also with the West Indian genera 
referred to the family Chytodesmide, for in some of these the form 
of the body approaches that of Chatelavnea, at least to the extent 
that the segments are nearly flat, the carine nearly horizontal, and 
the dorsum without any specially developed tubercles or ridges. Two 
such genera have been known for some years from the West Indies, 
Docodesmus from St. Vincent and Tridesmus from Porto Rico. 
Another genus from Porto Rico, hitherto undescribed, offers a 
still closer approximation to Chatelainea, in that the carine are 
deeply incised instead of having the margins entire or slightly scal- 
loped, a feature that distinguishes it at once from the other West 
Indian genera of the group. 

The carine of Jomus, as the new Porto Rican genus is now called, 
are fully as wide or wider than those of Chatelainea, and more deeply 
lobed. The lateral edge, in particular, is cut near the middle by a 
very deep notch, often completely closed at the margin by the pro- 
jecting connivent corners of the lobes. The other notches are also 
partly closed along the edge, somewhat as in Chatelavnea, but more so. 
The anterior margin, entire in Chatelainea, is notched in Jomus like 
the posterior margin, though not quite so deeply. 

The carinsze of Jomus are strongly depressed, leaving the middle of 
the body very convex instead of nearly flat as in Chatelainea. Four 
longitudinal rows of distinctly enlarged tubercles ornament the 
segments of Jomus, but are not developed in Chatelainea. Each 
row is represented by three tubercles on each segment, the two 
inner rows having somewhat larger tubercles than the outer, and 
arranged with more regularity. The posterior tubercles of the 
middle row, on segments 17, 18, and 19 are distinctly enlarged into 

1 The family name Pyrgodesmide Silvestri (1896) is used by Pocock in the Biologia instead of Stylo- 
desmidze Cook (1895), on the ground of a conjecture by Attems that the generic name Stylodesmus is a 
synonym of Urodesmus Porath, and therefore not available as the basis of a family designation. In reality, 
Urodesmus is quite distinct from Stylodesmus and more likely to belong to the Hercodesmidm# than to the 


Stylodesmide. At most it may serve to connect the two groups. This would not interfere with the 
utility of Stylodesmide as a family name, but would only extend its application. 


472 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. yor. 40, 


prominent papilliform processes, a tendency only faintly suggested 
on the posterior segments of Chatelainea. 

The repugnatorial pores are extremely minute, much more so than 
in Chatelainea, but they occur on the same segments, near the base 
of the posterior lobe of the carina, near the base of the lateral notch. 
A further peculiarity of Jomus is that the segments without pores, 
4, 6, 8, 11, and 14, have a distinct tubercle near the middle of the 
carina, while such tubercles are usually quite absent on poriferous 
segments. (Fig. 2.) 

The basal joints of the antenne are rather more slender in Jomus 
than in Chatelainea, and the second joint is much shorter than the 
third, whereas in Chatelainea it is distinctly longer than the third. 

The first segment of Jomus has the anterior margin only slightly 
upturned and the marginal areas are indicated below by very faint 
impressed lines. The last segment does not project as in Chatelainea, 
but is covered and concealed under segment 19, somewhat as in 
Stylodesmus. 

Tn the absence of any definite indication of affinity with members 
of other families of Stylodesmoide, it seems to be necessary to con- 
sider Chatelainea as representing a distinct group. 


CHATELAINEIDAX, new family. 


African millipeds of the superfamily Stylodesmoide, but with 
external similarity to the Pterodesmoide. 

Body small, oblong, depressed, with horizontal or slightly ascend- 
ing carinex, deeply lobed on the lateral and posterior margins. 

First segment moderately large, rounded in front, covering the 
rather small, depressed head. 

Dorsal surface of segments nearly flat, covered with slightly convex 
rounded or radiating areas and hispid with short hairs, but without 
prominent spines, crests or tubercles. Poriferous caring deeply 
lobed on the lateral margins; posterior corners produced into long 
recurved teeth on posterior segments. 

Repugnatorial pores opening on the dorsal surface, near the base 
of the posterior lobe of the carine, not borne on a prominent cylin- 
drical or conical tubercle. 

Supplementary margin dissected into minute oblong lobes. 

Last segment with a projecting conical apex, not covered by the 
penultimate segment, but exceeded by the greatly produced posterior 
corners of the penultimate. 

Legs slender, joint 2 nearly as long as joints 3 and 6. 

Gonopods with basal joint expanded and hollowed out to contain 
the small retracted second joint. 


no. 1831. 


2b. 
20s 


NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 473 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 60. 


Chatelainea pterodesmoides, new species. 


. First four segments from above. 

. Head and first two segments from below. 

. A segment, posterior view, showing the position of the carine. 
. Lateral carina, showing position of repugnatorial pore. 

. Poriferous lobe of carina more magnified. 


Supplementary margin from ventral part of segment, seen from the outside. 


. Supplementary margin from dorsal part of segment, seen from the inside. 
. Five distal joints of leg. 

. Preanal scale with long sete. 

j. Copulatory leg in situ, ventral view, showing rim of aperture. 

. Copulatory legs, anterior view. 

. Same, posterior view. 

. Same, mesial view. 

. Last seven segments, dorsal view. 


Cryptodesmus olfersti (Brandt). 


. First three segments, dorsal view, drawn from type-specimen in the Berlin 


Museum. 
Carina of segment 5, with repugnatorial pore. 
Last three segments, dorsal view. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 60 


NEw TROPICAL MILLIPEDS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 473. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF ONE NEW GENUS AND EIGHT NEW 
SPECIES OF ICHNEUMON-FLIES. 


By H. L. Vizrecx, 
Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 


In the present paper a number of names are proposed that are 
about to be used in a Bulletin by Dr. L. O. Howard and Mr. F. W. 
Fiske on the importation into the United States of the parasites of the 
gipsy and brown-tail moths. This Bulletin is to be published shortly 
by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. 


Family BRACONID/L. 
APANTELES (APANTELES) LACTEICOLOR, new species. 

Female.—Length, 2.5 mm.; in structure and sculpture this agrees 
best with A. coniaminatus Haliday as defined by T. A. Marshall; it 
differs materially, however, in having the propodeum provided with 
a clearly defined areola flanked by two distinct areas on each side, the 
boundaries being distinct septa and the interstices smooth and pol- 
ished; the petiolarea is virtually wanting, the basal area not clearly 
circumscribed but rugose within; stigma not transparent but paler 
than the boundary. 

Male.—Sufficiently similar to the female to be easily associated 
therewith; stigma agreeing well with A. lacteus as described by T. A. 
Marshall. 

Type.—Male and female, Cat. No. 13072, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality—Kurope, Gipsy Moth Laboratory Cage, No. 515, 
June 24, 1907. 

Paratypes.—Gipsy Moth Laboratory Cage, No. 515 and Nos. 1446, 
682, 501, 238, 205, 1042, 1248, and 1295, U. S. Department of Agri- 
culture, Bureau of Entomology. 

In some of the female paratypes the stigma is transparent, but not 
clearly as in the male nor whitish as in the male. Specimens Nos. 
1042 and 1248 are labeled ‘‘Bred from #. chrysorrhoea.” 

Out of 78 females studied, four were noted to have a reduction of 
the postmedian expansion of the first tergite, making the sides nearly 
parallel and the segment nearly twice as long as wide at apex or at 
base; this departure from the apparent normal is even more marked 
in a small minority of the 54 males studied, the parallel sides of the 
first tergite in these becoming at least twice as long as wide at base 
or at apex. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No, 1832. 476 


476 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 46, 


PARAPANTELES Ashmead. 


In structure and sculpture Apanteles lacteicolor Viereck is very 
similar to the type of Parapanteles Ashmead. Typical Apanteles and 
typical Parapanteles can be separated only on characters of at most 
specific value, hence it becomes necessary to include Parapanteles as 
a synonym of Apanteles Foerster. 


CHELONUS BIPUSTULATUS, new species. 


Female.—Length 5 mm.; head black, dullish, sculptured, propor- 
tionally as in the genotype; clypeus not compressed apically, the 
apical edge subemarginate; malar space separated from the face by a 
bandlike area of fine sculpture; cheeks plicately striate; antenne 
black, more than 24-jointed, of the same form as in the genotype; 
first joint of flagel about two-thirds the length of the scape; mandi- 
bles partly testaceous; palpi fuscous; thorax essentially as in the 
genotype; wings transparent, with a brownish tinge throughout; 
most of veins and the stigma dark brown; coxe and trochanters 
black; basal half of femora entirely or mostly black or blackish, the 
apical half of the same more or less testaceous; tibie yellowish, the 
hind pair with a subbasal and apical blackish band; tarsi fuscous with 
the basal joint more or less pale; carapace hardly twice as long as 
wide, simple at apex, uniformly sculptured and black except for two 
subbasal yellow macule. 

Ty pe-locality.—Chile. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13796, U.S.N.M. 

The type was presumably collected by E. C. Reed. 


CYANOPTERIDEA, new genus. 


This is the same as Cyanopterus Szepligeti not of Haliday. 

Type of the genus.—Uphiaulax) Cyanopterus clypeolus Szepligeti. 

Mr. Roman has pointed out that the genotype of Cyanopterus 
Haliday and Bracon orbitalis Cresson are congeneric. With this con- 
clusion (which seems to be justified by Marshall’s interpretation of 
the Bracon flavator (Fabricius) Nees as a basis) it would appear that 
Cyanopterus Haliday is the same as Campyloneurus Szepligeti, at 
least in part. 

CAMPYLONEURUS Szepligeti. 
Campyloneurus SzEPLIGETI, Term. Fuz., vol. 23, 1900, p. 51. 


Type.—Campyloneurus bicolor Szepligeti by present designation. 

Cresson’s species Bracon faustus and Bracon mavoritus are very 
likely congeneric with Campyloneurus bicolor Szepligeti as far as can 
be gleaned from description of the latter. This being the case the 
name Campyloneurus Szepligeti may be provisionally retained for the 
species of Campyloneurus that have at least the second seement of 
the abdomen coarsely sculptured. The Bracon mavoritus Cresson is 
synonymous with (Bracon) Campyloneurus rugator (Say) and Bracon 
aovitus Cresson is its male. 


NO. 1832. SOME NEW ICHNZUMON-FLIES—VIERECK. 477 


CAMPYLONEURUS BICOLORINUS, new name. 


This name is proposed to replace C. bicolor Szepligeti, Term. Fuz., 
vol. 23, 1900, p. 51, not of Brulle, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., vol 4, 1846, 
p. 412, which has been removed from Bracon to Campyloneurus by 
Cameron, Rec. Albany Mus. Grahamstown, Africa, vol. 1, 1904, p. 155. 


ORGILUS ASHMEADI, new species. 


Female.-—Length 3.5 mm; tegument mostly smooth, finely gran- 
ular, subopaque, with inconspicuous whitish pubescence, and stra- 
mineous; malar line hardly greater than the greatest diameter of the 
scape; face mostly shining, with indistinct punctures which are on an 
average three to four puncture widths apart; second joint of m. p. 
six to eight times as long as thick; flagel more than 29-jointed, some- 
what testaceous beneath, brownish above, the first joint at least five 
times as long as thick; inner side of scape nearly twice as long as the 
outer side; scape and pedicel brownish above; mesonotum mostly 
blackish, notauli uniting to form an arcuate impression near the hind 
third of the dorsulum; furrow between the scutel and dorsulum pol- 
ished and traversed longitudinally by four nearly equidistant raised 
lines; scutel brownish; propodeum brownish behind, with only the 
median longitudinal and basal transverse carine present, the former 
incomplete, extending, but for an interruption near the middle, from 
the basal transverse carina to the posterior edge of the propodeum; 
radius attaining a point as near or nearer to the tip of the wing as the 
transverse cubitus is distant from the stigma on the radius; cubitus 
not prolonged beyond the transverse cubitus; first discoidal cell form- 
ing a trapezium; first abscissa of cubitus a little shorter than the re- 
current vein, the latter a little shorter than the first abscissa of the 
basal vein which latter in turn is a little shorter than the basal vein; 
second discoidal cell trapezoidal with its longest sides parallel and at 
least three times as long as the nervulus; middle and hind femora more 
or less brownish at tip; hind tibie blackish; all tarsi brownish to black- 
ish; first segment nearly twice as long as broad at apex, the outer 
edge of the first plate virtually straight throughout, first segment 
nearly or quite as long as the two following segments combined; tergum 
granular, medially more or less tending toward striation; all but the 
less conspicuous tergal segments at tip of abdomen, dark brown to 
blackish with a yellowish margin all around the segment; the incon- 
spicuous segments stramineous and with the first tergal segment not 
margined with yellowish laterally beyond the base; sheaths of the 
ovipositor approximately as long as the tergum. 

Male.—Length 3.5 mm. Sufficiently similar to the female to be 
readily associated therewith. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13800, U.S.N.M. 

Ty pe-locality.—Manila, Philippine Islands. 

Thirteen specimens collected by Father Brown. 


Named for Dr. W. H. Ashmead. 


478 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. 


ZELE ROSENBERGI, new species. 


Female.—Length 11 mm.; compared with Zele testaceator Curtis 
this species may be described as follows: clypeus with the apical 
margin rather reflexed; scape and pedicel combined apparently not 
as long as the first joint of the flagel but obviously longer than the 
second joint of the flagel; vertex with a blackish band extending 
from eye to eye; thorax rather reddish; radius in hind wings practi- 
cally straight and gradually diverging from the anterior margin of 
the wing; second discoidal cell completely closed; wings tinged with 
fuscous, veins dark brownish; stigma stramineous, infuscated; 
fore- and mid-coxe rather stramineous; femora rather reddish; at 
least mid- and hind-tibie reddish, infuscated, their tarsi and spurs 
rather blackish; apical third of propodeum separated from basal 
two-thirds by an irregular transverse carina; upper half of abdomen 
rather infuscated; sheaths of the ovipositor approximately as long 
as the fourth dorsal segment. 

Type.—Cat. No. 18797, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality.—Chanchamayo, East Peru. 

Collection Rosenberg. 


FAMILY ICHNEUMONIDAE. 


ANILASTUS TRICOLORIPES, new species. 


Male.—Length 4.5 mm.; briefly characterized by the mostly black 
or blackish coxe, the rest of the fore- and mid-legs being mostly 
yellowish to testaceous, the rest of the hind legs mostly black, the 
basal sixth of the hind tibiz yellowish white, the spurs of the same 
whitish; costule not fully developed or merely indicated; basal 
area parallel sided, narrowly oblong, so that the bounding carine are 
almost in apposition; carina from the basal area to the insertion of 
hind coxe distinct throughout. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13799, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality.—Europe, Gipsy Moth Laboratory Nos. 1079 and 
1065, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. 

In a paratype there is a more or less developed lateral longitudinal 
carina and an arcuate carina between the areola and petiolarea, also 
the basal area is triangular, indicating considerable range in the 
variation of the carine of the propodeum. 


HYPOSOTER DISPARIS, new species. 


Female.—Length 6 mm.; black; covered with an appressed silvery 
pubescence that is nowhere so dense as to obscure the tegument 
except when viewed in certain lights; cheeks in the middle nearly 
two-thirds as wide as the eye as seen from the side; malar line 
about two-thirds as long as the mandibles are wide at base; clypeus 
depressed along the anterior margin, which latter is nearly straight, 
lateral suture represented by a smooth line that is not appreciably 


No. 1832. SOME NEW ICHNEUMON-FLIES—VIERECK. 479 


longer than one-third the malar line; scape and pedicel yellow in 
front, brown behind excepting the apical edge which is testaceous; 
mandibles yellow except apically, where they are castaneous; palpi 
yellowish; inner edge of eyes slightly shallowly impressed above the 
middle; greatest diameter of lateral ocellus not as long as the ocel- 
locular line, being only about two-thirds as long; lateral ocellar line 
as long as the greatest diameter of the lateral ocellus, the postocellar 
line nearly twice as long as the lateral ocellar line, costula developed, 
extending to the lateral longitudinal carinz, second abscissa of radius 
straight as compared with the first abscissa and about twice as long 
as the same, stigma at least three times as long as wide or high, 
areolet oval, punctiform, almost obliterated, the petiole of the same 
several times longer than the areolet; outer edge of recurrent vein, 
where it joins the cubitus, on a line with the outer edge of the areolet, 
the recurrent vein oblique below and extending downward and out- 
ward; nervellus extending upward and slightly inward from the 
submedian vein, which latter is slightly prolonged beyond the former, 
the nervellus not broken but straight or nearly so; claws pectinate 
basally; tubercles, tegule, distal trochanters, mid- and hind-tibie 
mostly yellow; fore- and mid-coxe pale, almost castaneous; proximal 
trochanters, femora, and tarsi of fore- and mid-legs, yellowish to 
testaceous; the tarsal joints of the mid-legs inclining to dark brown 
toward the end joint, which latter is blackish; fore tibize yellowish in 
front, darker behind; hind coxe and femora reddish, infuscated 
apically; hind tibize brownish at base and with the apical third mostly 
infuscated; hind tarsi similarly colored to the mid-tarsi, but more 
darkly brownish; tibiz of mid- and hind-legs sparsely spinose; spurs 
yellowish; areopetiolarea transversely wrinkled; narrowest part of 
petiole furrowed laterally; petiole behind the spiracles or post- 
petiole a little narrower anteriorly than posteriorly, nearly quadrate, 
half as long as the rest of the petiole and nearly four times as wide at 
apex as the narrowest part of the petiole; second dorsal. segment 
about as long as wide at apex and about half as wide at base as at 
apex, its thyridia irregularly rounded and twice as far or a little 
farther than twice as far from the base as from the lateral edge and 
about one-sixth as wide as the second dorsal segment is wide at base, 
spiracle in or a little beyond the middle and about twice as far from 
the lateral edge as are the thyridia; third dorsal segment nearly 
parallel-sided, rather compressed apically and about three-fourths or 
four-fifths as long as the preceding segment; postpetiole finely reticu- 
lated, rest of dorsal segment finely sculptured; thyridia and greater 
part of apical two-fifths of second dorsal segment testaceous; ovi- 
positor when in the resting position hardly exserted, straight and 
sharp, translucent brownish; sheaths clavate and toward the apex 
directed slightly upward; plica mostly yellow, 


480 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40, 


Male.—Differs little from the female; it is noteworthy, however, 
that in the male the transverse wrinkles are virtually wanting inthe 
areopetiolarea of the type, that the spiracle of the second dorsal 
segment is a little before the middle and almost adjoining the lateral 
edge, and that the pale border of the second dorsal segment is invaded 
medially by black pigment. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13074, U.S.N.M. 

Ty pe-locality.—Kurope, Gipsy Moth Laboratory, No. 529, Aug. 20 
and Nov. 2, 1908; U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of 
Entomology. : 

This species bears a close resemblance to Phobocampe crassiuscula 
(Gravenhorst). 


PIMPLA (PIMPLA) PORTHETRIZ4, new species. 


Male.—Length 7 mm.; compared with P. instigator, this species 
differs chiefly as follows: Antenne entirely black; face dullish, more 
pubescent; fore and mid legs beyond the trochanters rather yellowish, 
excepting the mid femora which are infuscated basally and the claws 
and pulvilli which are blackish; hind legs black throughout except 
the extreme base of their femora which is yellow, the spurs which are 
brownish and the claws which are castaneous apically; metapleure 
not striate throughout; dorsal segments apically more or less edged 
with yellow or yellowish. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13077, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality —Japan, ex Porthetria dispar, Gipsy Moth Laboratory 
No. 1825, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. 


PIMPLA (PIMPLA) DISPARIS, new species. 


Female.—Length 15 mm.; in size, structure, and sculpture, as well 
as in color, very like P. examanator Fabricius, from which it differs 
chiefly as follows:—sides of propodeum separated from the rest by a 
rather distinct angulation, the propodeum not rounded off domelike; 
fore legs. with their proximal trochanters yellow beneath, their 
femora yellowish above, apically; mid-tibize mostly reddish, infuscated 
basally, without a pale band; hind legs with more or less of the apical 
third of their femora black, their tibiz and tarsi entirely black or 
blackish. 

Male.—Antennz entirely black or blackish in the basal third as in 
the female, the apical two-thirds becoming brown, legs colored as 
in the female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13078, U.S.N.M. 

Type-locality.—_ Japan, ex Porthetria dispar, Gipsy Moth Laboratory 
Nos. 1650, 1825, 1647, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of 
Entomology. 


ON THE SUPPOSED ORIGIN OF THE MOLDAVITES AND 
LIKE SPORADIC GLASSES FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. 


By Grorce P. MERRILL, 
Head Curator of Geology, U.S. National Museum. 


Peculiar pebbles of a greenish, chrysolite-like glass found in the 
gravels in regions remote from volcanoes or manufactories attracted 
the attention of observers in Bohemia and Moravia as long ago as 
1787. The literature since that date contains numerous references to 
these and somewhat similar occurrences in India, Australia, and other 
widely separated localities, the descriptive matter as a rule being 
accompanied by speculations regarding the ultimate source of the 
materials. It is the purpose of the present paper to discuss these 
various finds with particular reference to their origin, and incidentally 
to describe several allied forms concerning the nature of which there 
is apparently no question.'. Inasmuch, however, as no object of this 
nature has yet been described in America, and as, consequently, its 
literature is almost entirely silent on the subject, a brief review is 
perhaps admissible here. 

In Moravia and Bohemia the objects are found with quartz pebbles 
in the late Diluvian and Tertiary conglomerates, but are never refer- 
able directly to the same. In Java they are found in Quaternary 
tuffs and in the platinum mines southeast of Borneo. On the island 
of Billiton they are found in the Quaternary and perhaps Pliocene 
tin-bearing gravels. In Australia they have been found mainly on 
the surface of the ground, and no positive proof of their existence in 
Tertiary beds has as yet appeared. According to information re- 
ceived from Mr. George W. Card, of the Mining and Geological 
Museum, Sydney, the examples from Bimbowrie in southern Australia 
were found on a plain thickly covered with weathered quartz which 
resulted from the denudation of the adjacent quartz reefs. Most of 
them were broken and shattered as though by a fall; all lay loosely 
on the surface. 


1 For a full bibliography of the subject up to and including 1898, see Franz E. Suess, Die Herkunft der 
Moldavite und verwandter Glaser, Jahrb. d. k. k. geol. Reichsanstalt, Heft. 2, vol. 50, 1900, pp. 193-381. 
This includes 55 titles referring to the occurrences in Europe, the Sunda Archipelago, and Australia. A 
bibliography of the Australian and Tasmanian occurrences is given by R. H. Walcott in his paper on 
The Occurrence of So-called Obsidian Bombs, in the Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, 1898, pp. 23-52. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1833. 
80796°—Proc. N.M.vol.40—11——31 481 


482 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. 


In appearance and general physical properties these various bodies 
from the widely separated sources possess certain points In common, 
but are yet so different in appearance that examples from any one 
locality are readily recognized. The Moravian and Bohemian forms, 
as will be noted by reference to pl.61, figs. 4-6, are more or less rounded 
pebbles or flattened slag-like masses, the surfaces of which are pitted 
in a way which has been compared by some writers to the thumb-like 
pittings on meteorites. In addition to this, they are dulled and 
rendered opaque through abrasion from other stony particles very 
much like ordinary pebbles from the bed of a stream. In some 
instances they are deeply cut or notched as in fig. 5. The colors are 
chrysolite green, and the refractive index so high that they have in 
some instances been cut and utilized as gems. 

The examples from Billiton, shown in pl. 61, figs. 1-38, are much 
more remarkable both on account of their shape and the extraordin- 
ary groovings which traverse the surface in all directions. They are 
of a deep, lustrous black color and translucent only on the thinnest 
edges. 

The Australian and Tasmanian occurrences have more the appear- 
ance of water-worn pebbles which have been abraded by wind-blown 
sand (pl. 61, figs. 7-9). These are also black and opaque excepting 
on the thinnest edges. In all, the glass is wholly amorphous without 
trace of the trichites so characteristic of obsidian and other volcanic 
glasses. A few characteristic forms only are shown on pl. 61 of this 
paper; for a complete series the reader is referred to the work of 
Franz Suess already noted. 

Chemically, as will be noted in the selected analyses referred to 
later, these forms are all acid glasses approximating in composition 
the glassy forms of terrestrial rhyolites but unusually rich in lime and 
magnesia. They are also remarkable for their small water content as 
indicated by loss on ignition, and their high fusing point. 

In none of the occurrences are the objects found in regions of vol- 
canic rocks and under conditions which seem to render it at all likely 
that they are of local derivation. It is seemingly impossible to con- 
ceive of their having been ejected as volcanic bombs and drifted by 
winds, and equally impossible, apparently, that they should belong 
to either stream or glacial drift. An artificial origin is likewise con- 
sidered impossible by the majority of those who have given the subject 
consideration, and of late those who should be best qualified to judge 
have been disposed to consider them as of a meteoric nature. It is 
with especial reference to this view that the accompanying paper has 
been prepared. 

Aside from the conditions under which these objects (which have 
come to be known under the names of ‘‘Moldavites,” ‘‘ Billitonites,”’ 
‘‘Australites,” ‘‘Obsidianites,’’ and ‘‘Obsidian bombs,” and which 


No. 1833. ORIGIN OF MOLDAVITES—MERRILL. 485 


Suess has suggested should all be included under the name of “‘tek- 
tites’’), are found, their most striking characteristic is the peculiar 
markings, which, in the case of those of the island of Billiton, it would 


seem well-nigh impossible to explain in the present condition of our 
knowledge. Suess, to whose monograph I am indebted for the most 
detailed and comprehensive of recorded observations, regards the 
markings, or sculpturings, and those of ‘‘tektites” in general, as 


undoubtedly a consequence of their mode of origin, and as furnishing 


i 
i 
} 


conclusive evidence of their ultra-terrestrial source. To this con- 
clusion the present writer, as will be observed, takes decided exception, 


and has sought rather to explain them by comparing them with 


markings on pebbles of various kinds, concerning the origin of which 
there is no question. 

(1) Obsidian pebbles from near Cali, Department of Cauca, Colombia, 
South America.—These were received at the Museum from a Mr. B.S. 
Hobbs through Dr. George F. Kunz, with the simple labeling “ Obsid- 
ian”! from the locality above given. Nothing is known regarding 


their occurrence, nor have I been able to get in communication with 


Mr. Hobbs with a view of acquiring further data. 

As shown in the illustrations (pl. 62, figs. 1-2) of two of the larger 
forms, the specimens are roughly spherical, each showing on one side 
a flattened area as though it had at some time been attached to a larger 


mass or had remained in one position during the etching process, 
since the larger grooves are entirely absent from these portions. ‘The 


surface markings are of three kinds: First, those which appear like 
original conchoidal fractures, the sharp angles of which have been 
reduced by corrosion; second, a series of shallow pits and grooves 
which are distributed fairly uniformly over the entire surface except 
the fattened portion mentioned; and, third, a very fine stipple-like 


pitting which gives the surface a shagreen-like appearence. This 


shagreen effect. with numerous small, nearly circular, shallow pits 
occurs also on the flat areas where the larger groovings are lacking as 
already stated. The colors are dull black, but by transmitted light 
smoky brown. These two larger forms are roughly 20 and 30 mm. 
in diameter, and weigh 12 and 30 grams, respectively. Thin sections 
under the microscope show a faint smoky glass almost completely 
isotropic, but with an occasional minute, colorless, doubly refracting 
point too small for satisfactory determination. A peculiar series of 
anastomizing cracks much resembling the crackle structure on certain 
porcelain glazes, traverses the section in all directions. 

The composition of this glass, as shown by an analysis of a portion 
cut from the larger of the specimens, is given in column I below. In 


1 Since the above was written, but before this paper was sent to press, I received from Dr. J. Woldrich, of 
Prag, acopy of his Beitrag zur Lésung der Tektitfrage, in which this and the Arizona samples are referred to. 
It will be observed that I still hold the opinion expressed in my letter to Doctor Woldrich and by him 
quoted. 


484 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


columns II to IV are given analyses of examples of tektites from 
Tasmania, Australia, and Bohemia for purposes of comparison. It 
may be well to note, incidentally, that H. S. Summers has discussed 
the various published analyses of the Australian ‘“ obsidianites”’ from 
the standpoint of the modern classification, and relegates them to the 
classes almerose, riesenose, urallaose, and piemenose. 


Analyses of Tektites. 


Constituent. 1s 10% ior IV. 

SiO aaron shee ceice See eee Clea ee SRC cee ae aE Ong eae Sena eee or 75.87 | 69.80 | 76.25 77.96 
oF NEKO Siete, Sey Ahearn Sey ae, SiS 5 RNR eR ann OS in OR eee ee ee 14.35 15. 02 11.30 12. 20 
sO ipsam eA yah ey MENON ORO MLN ae A Re aR Tee ee 0. 22 0. 40 0.35 0.14 
THO Oe ae eas Sala ee ae Sik oyna ernie reie Stereo RM Sib ayerelere eiciarere oe cree See eee ee 4.65 3. 88 3. 36 
Min OM cma emery. es as SAP San AR an RES oe SEE oe Smee e aa cence eee mene 0. 29 2.47 1.48 1.48 
(O11 0 |. BN ao seu ye Ee ORE a ONE DOME on ee Fee SoS EOE Cpe cM oo eR ao 0. 00 3. 20 2.60 1.94 
HIN ig Oe re er enrol oe ein be ee ne ny Sen Oy 2 Re ee 3.96 1.29 1. 23 0. 61 
<r YE ey EB Se te ey OE RTS UE ee Sea Se i ry A ey eee eer 4.65 2.65 1.82 2.70 

TORE TOO See eee ee ee Pe Ne PA re SU ce ohio Seraoe eee 0533) [Saco see O332h EP aee 
ES © —= 100 Pe 3-935 sd Soon Se ake naa ets ce Gael wie agate Spoisioraie eb eia She See e Eee eGo eee ereiee 0:02) |e 333 
EDT Og eee ee te teers Secs ROE RET Se Se aaa ae Saas ane See ee Trace. 0. 80 OF65) (oases 
1) PaO )55 Soe ae pee rian MEE ey ORL Ea ieee are tn es 47 ye ee eee. Semele Us cise 0.18 0. 06 0.10 
ES 0 Fe Sabet eet recat ee gOS rr le Sy I are BRAS Bue op Les eth 03238" foe Seles ee ee 
i BPG) 2) (eee fag ree ren laa oe ceca hy ae ete ee Na eh i ol Bs Bate ek 99.90 | 100.37 | 99.96 | 100.49 


I. Obsidian pebble. Colombia. Analyst, J. E. Whitfield. 

II. Obsidianite. Upper Weld, Tasmania. Analyst, W. F. Hillebrand. 
III. Obsidianite. Near Hamilton, Victoria. Analyst, G. Ampl. 

IV. Moldavite. Tribitsch, Bohemia. 

Although data are lacking regarding the mode of occurrence of this 
Colombian material, it is at once evident that we are dealing with a 
not unusual type of terrestrial obsidian. 

(2) Obsidian pebbles, Clifton, Arizona (Cat. No. 53676).—These 
pebbles were received at the Museum in 1889 from Mr. Frank Keppler. 
There is apparently no question but what they are water-worn and 
corroded pebbles of ordinary obsidian. They are dark, smoky black 
in color, and show under the microscope the characteristic black hair- 
like trichites. The surfaces are roughened by pits and grooves, as 
shown somewhat enlarged in pl. 62, fig. 3. In addition the entire 
surface is shagreened. 

(3) Obsidian pebbles, near Marsh, Idaho (Cat. No. 77784).—These 
pebbles, again, are of ordinary black obsidian, and were collected by 
Dr. W. Lindgren, of the U. S. Geological Survey, in gravel beds some 
43 miles north and 20 degrees west of Marsh. The surfaces, as shown 
in pl. 62, fig. 4, are everywhere pitted and grooved, but the elongated, 
curvilinear, and lunar crater forms so characteristic of the billitonites 
are quite lacking. The surfaces are coated with a thin, mammilated 
crust, which is in part a secondary deposit of iron. 


(4) Obsidian pebble, High Rock Canyon, Nevada (Cat. No. 35270).— _ 


This pebble (pl. 62, fig. 5) is of a coal black obsidian, only faintly trans- 
lucent on the thin edges. The surface, it will be noted, is etched in a 
manner strikingly suggestive of the billitonites, even to the nearly 


no. 1833. ORIGIN OF MOLDAVITES—MERRILL. 485 


circular lunar crater forms, as they may be termed. The surface is 
also considerably abraded as though the pebble had been rolled about 
on a beach, and the bottoms of the grooves, or flutings, are coated 
with a dull brown-red material, which seems to be an original con- 
stituent rather than an extraneous substance deposited from the 
water as was at first supposed. It is probably a devitrification 
product similar to that found in the lithophysx of obsidians. The 
specimen, which is about 12 cm. by 9 cm. by 4 em. in thickness, was 
brought in many years ago by Prof. I. C. Russell and is labeled simply 
“Obsidian pebble,” and from the locality above given. 

These same markings I find roughly simulated on some large 
weathered obsidian pebbles sent me by Dr. J. Aguilera from between 
Guajolote hill and Cuyamaloya, Hidalgo, Mexico. 

(5) Obsidian, near Myvatu, Iceland (Cat. No. 77616).—Perhaps 
the most strikingly billiton-like markings found on any of the ter- 
restrial rocks which have come under the author’s observation are 
those on some obsidians brought by Dr. F. E. Wright from a flow at 
Hrafntinnubygegur, near Myvatu as above noted. The specimens 
were collected by Doctor Wright in 1909, and briefly described by 
him at the December, 1910, meeting of the Geological Society of 
America, an abstract of three lines only appearing in the bulletin for 
that year. The material is a highly lustrous jet black glass, the 
outer surfaces of which are grooved and etched to a maximum depth 
of 2 or 3 mm., as shown in pl. 62, fig.6. Not only are the lunar crater 
forms here in evidence, but there are also. elongated, nearly straight 
grooves which, but for the position they occupy on the surface, might 
at first be thought to have been produced by the scoring of one 
mass against. another while in a plastic condition. On one surface 
of this specimen, which unquestionably represents a more recent 
fracture than that of the surface shown in the figure, are found only 
the minute circular pittings such as were described as occurring on 
the flattened areas of the specimens from Colombia. 

To still further test the possibilities of a terrestrial origin, fragments 
of dark obsidian from near Reno, Nevada, and Yucca, in Mohave 
County, Arizona, were submitted for a few days to the action of dilute 
fluorhydric acid. The resultant forms are shown in figs. 7-9 on 
pl. 62, fig. 9, it will be noted, compares very closely with the slag- 
like pieces in fig. 6 of pl. 61. 

In referring to the above described materials attention needs first 
to be called to the fact that the markings on these pebbles and 
obsidians of known terrestrial origin more closely agree with those 
on the tektites than do the tektitesfrom various localities agree among 
themselves; and, further, that the etchings produced by action of 
fluorhydric acid are practically indistinguishable from the markings 
on some of the moldavites. Further than this, the markings on the 


486 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 
SF ES Te SG Te 
tektites from various sources are so wholly unlike that it is impossible 


to conceive of their having a common origin, or been formed through 
the same agencies, and above all it is to be noted that in no case do 
they resemble the flutings which are characteristic of known meteor- 
ites. This, it seems to me, can not be accounted for on the ground 
of their superior refractibility, but as rather indicating an entirely 
different origin. Further than this again, the smaller meteoric 
stones, those corresponding in size with the tektites, rarely if ever show 
pittings and flutings. It is only the larger forms apparently which — 
hold their orientation for a sufficient length of time for flutings to de- 
velop. The smaller forms are mere rounded blebs as is abundantly 
illustrated by the hundreds of individuals constituting the Pultusk 
and other noted falls. I can not, therefore, at all agree with Suess 
in his conclusions on this branch of the subject. Whatever may 
have been their original source, the Bohemian and Moravian speci- 
mens are now simply water-worn pebbles of weathered glass, origi- 
nally etched by corroding vapors or solutions, the results being indis- 
tinguishable from those produced by artificial etchings on obsidian 
with fluorhydric acid. The Australian forms are likewise, to me, 
simply pebbles of glass which have been water worn or abraded by 
wind-blown sands. In their contours there is nothing even suggestive 
of meteoric markings, nor do J find any semblance of such an origin 
so far as the surface markings alone are concerned in the examples 
from Billiton. I do not, however, agree with Dr. G. F. Kunz! in 
regarding the pittings as due to ‘‘large bubble cavities that have 
been broken into by attrition.” 

In the above, it will be noted, I do not attempt or wish to con- 
trovert the theory of a cosmic origin for these very remarkable and 
interesting bodies. Until, however, such shall be seen to fall, it 
would seem that the explanation of their source or origin is to be 
found only in the conditions under which they occur and their some- 
what anomalous composition. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
PLATE 61. 


Figs. 1 to 3.—Billitonites from the island of Billiton. 
4 to 6. Moldavites from Moldavia and Bohemia. 
7 to 9. Australites and an Obsidian button from Australia. 


PLATE 62. 


Figs. land 2. Moldavite-like Obsidian pebbles from Cali, in Colombia, South America. 
Fig. 3. Obsidian pebble from Clifton, Arizona. 

4. Obsidian pebble from near Marsh, Idaho. 

5. Obsidian pebble from High Rock Canyon, Nevada. 

6. Obsidian frora Obsidian flow near Myvatu, Iceland. 

7-9. Obsidian pebbles etched by fluorhydric acid. 


1 Twentieth Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv., part 6, p. 594. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 61 


7 8 9 


MOLDAVITES AND LIKE SPORADIC GLASSES FROM BILLITON AND AUSTRALIA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 486, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 62 


6 8 9 


OBSIDIAN WITH MOLDAVITE-LIKE MARKINGS, NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 486. 


NOTES ON INSECTS OF THE ORDER STREPSIPTERA, 
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 


By W. Dwieutr Pierce, 
Of the Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The appearance of a considerable number of publications on the 
order Strepsiptera since the publication of the Monographie Revision 
in Bulletin 66 of the U.S. National Museum, calls forth this summary 
of the recent additions to our knowledge of the group. A number of 
corrections to the preceding paper must be noted and a considerable 
number of new or unpublished records are here to be added. In 
view of the approaching publication of the Genera Insectorum on 
this group a number of new species are here added. No attempt 
will be made at this time to indicate generic changes or arrangement, as 
these matters will all receive due attention in the forthcoming paper. 

Special assistance in making the corrections to Bulletin 66 has been 
received from Mr. Karl Hofeneder of Innsbruck, Austria, and Prof. 
T. D. A. Cockerell of Boulder, Colorado. Material has been received 
from the former and also from H. L. Adams (Pennsylvania), W. L. 
McAtee (District of Columbia), J. D. Mitchell (Texas), V. I. Satro 
(Louisiana), Prof. L. Bruner (Nebraska), Charles Robertson (Illinois), 
Prof. Henry Comstock (New York), Dr. E. D. Ball (Utah), William 
Cockle (British Columbia), Dr. E. Zavattari (Italy), E. E. Green 
(Ceylon), and Lt. Col. C.G. Nurse (England). Considerable material 
has also been found in the collections of the U. S. National Museum. 
Determinations of the host insects have very kindly been made by 
Messrs. Cockerell, Crawford, Heidemann, Robertson, Rohwer, and 
Viereck. 

BIOLOGY. 
ACTUAL RELATIONSHIP OF PARASITE TO HOST. 
POLISTES METRICUS Say. 


Wheeler (19105) records studies of 1,000 wasps collected at Cole- 
brook, Connecticut, in August. On these wasps the following data 
were obtained, as tabulated: 


137 male wasps; 112 unparasitized, 25 parasitized. 
863 female wasps; 637 unparasitized, 226 parasitized. 
1, 000 wasps; 749 unparasitized, 251 parasitized. 
13.7 per cent of the wasps were males, 86.3 per cent females. 
9.9 per cent of the parasitized wasps were males, 90.1 per cent females. 
81.7 per cent of the male wasps were unparasitized, 18.3 per cent parasitized. 
73.8 per cent of the female wasps were unparasitized, 26.2 per cent parasitized. 
74.9 per cent of all the wasps were unparasitized, 25.1 per cent parasitized. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1834. 487 


488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


The 251 parasitized wasps contained 443 male, 119 female =562 
parasites. 


78.8 per cent of the parasites were males. 
21.2 per cent of the parasites were females. 


POLISTES VARIATUS Cresson. 


Between November 20 and 30, 1909, W. L. McAtee collected all 
the wasps which came into his room on Church’s Island, North 
Carolina. These wasps were 61 in number, and the data obtained 
from them can be tabulated as follows: 


61 female wasps; 29 unparasitized, 32 parasitized. 
0.0 per cent of the wasps were males, 100 per cent females. 
0.0 per cent of the parasitized wasps were males, 100 per cent females. 
47.5 per cent of the female wasps were unparasitized, 52.5 per cent parasitized. 


The following data give more specifically the extent of parasitism 
found in these wasps, bringing out the percentage of the sexes of the 
parasites and their relations to each other: 


1 wasp with 2 male parasites = 2 parasites. 
5 wasps with 1 male parasite = 5 parasites. 
6 wasps with 7 male parasites. 


4 wasps with 3 female parasites=12 parasites. 
4 wasps with 2 female parasites= 8 parasites. 
6 wasps with 1 female parasite = 6 parasites. 


14 wasps with 26 female parasites. 


1 wasp with 3 male, 1 female (4) parasites= 3 male, 1 female= 4 parasites. 
1 wasp with 2 male, 2 female (4) parasites= 2 male, 2 female= 4 parasites. 
1 wasp with 1 male, 3 female (4) parasites= 1 male, 3 female= 4 parasites. 
3 wasps with 1 male, 2 female (3) parasites= 3 male, 6 female= 9 parasites. 
6 wasps with 1 male, 1 female (2) parasites= 6 male, 6 female=12 parasites. 


12 wasps with 15 male, 18 female=33 parasites. 


Summarizing this I find: 32 wasps with 22 male, 44 female=66 
parasites. 


33.3 per cent of the parasites are males. 
66.7 per cent of the parasites are females. 


The location of the parasites may be summarized as follows: 


15 males protruding from the third segment, dorsal 
1 male protruding from the third segment, ventral 
4 males protruding from the fourth segment, dorsal 
3 males protruding from the fourth segment, ventral stot i. 
2 females protruding from the third segment, dorsal, total, 2. 
17 females protruding from the fourth segment, dorsal, total, 17. 
23 females protruding from the fifth segment, dorsal 
1 female protruding from the fifth segment ventral \total, = 


total, 16. 


No. 1834. NEW SPECIES OF STREPSIPTERA—PIERCE. 489 


The wasps were collected between November 20 and 30 and shipped 
to Dallas, Texas. Twenty-three wasps arrived dead, of which 
9 were unparasitized. 
7 contained one parasite. 
1 contained two parasites. 
4 contained three parasites. 
2 contained four parasites. 

Nine of the dead wasps contained empty male puparia, but none 
of them contained living male puparia. 

The living wasps were fed sugared water. Of the 20 living unpara- 
sitized wasps only 6 lived until April 6, 1910, and the average length 
of life in captivity was 99 days. The parasitized wasps lived as 
follows: 


l wasp with 3 females, | male exuvium , lived 9 days. 
3 wasps with 1 female, 1 male exuvium each, averaged 9 days. 
l wasp with 1 male exuvium , lived 11 days. 
3 wasps with 1 female, 1 male pupa each, averaged 17 days. 
4 wasps with 2 females each , averaged 26 days. 
3 wasps with 3 females each , averaged 39 days. 
2 wasps with 1 female each , averaged 62 days. 
1 wasp with 1 male pupa , lived 84 days. 


The maximum record was one wasp with 1 female, 125 days. 
EFFECTS OF PARASITISM ON HOST. 


In connection with the deformity of Lewonotus annulatus (Bull. 66, 
p. 31) caused by parasitism it is interesting to note the occurrence of 
similar phenomena in Polistes metricus without the apparent inter- 
vention of parasitism (Wheeler, 1910, p. 389). 

Wheeler (1910) finds very few external alterations in parasitized 
Polistes metricus. 

On page 34 of Bulletin 66 several records of copulation of parasitized 
hosts are presented. To these Robertson (1910) has added the 
observation of copulation of two stylopized Andrena salictaria Rob- 
ertson, of a parasitized female Parandrena andrenoides Cresson, and 
of a parasitized male Pseudopanurgus rudbeckiae Roberston. 

The list of Andrenid occasionally lacking the second transverse 
cubital vein (Bull. 66, p. 35) should have been credited to Robertson, 
with but one exception. Robertson (1910) lists 18 species of Andrena, 
and 17 other species of Hymenoptera in which this abnormality is 
known to occur and states that he does not think the absence of this 
vein indicates parasitism or is a result of it. The list was presented 
in the Bulletin because it suggested some connection, and, in fact, 
the matter is still an open question. 


BIOLOGY OF THE PARASITE. 
TRIOZOCERA TEXANA Pierce. 


The occurrence of this species at light at Victoria, Texas, July 4, 
1908, is of interest. 


490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


MYRMECOLAX NIETNERI Westwood. 


The male referred to by Green (1902) as Elenchus tenuicornis (see 
Bull. 66, p. 57) has been kindly loaned to the writer and identified 
as above. The slide bears the following data: ‘“‘Caught at light, 
March, 1902, Yatujantota, Ceylon.” 

XENOS, species. 


The proportion of sexes and location of the parasites found in the 
Polistes variatus, collected by W. lL. McAtee at Church’s Island, North 
Carolina, are discussed on another page. One observation, however, 
is of considerable importance. ‘Three wasps were found hibernating 
with male pup, which probably only died because the hosts died. 
It is not known to the writer that hibernating male pupz have ever 
before been found in Polistes. 


INTERNAL STRUCTURE. 


The admirable translation into German of Nassonov’s works by 
Sipiagin, together with the recent notes on the same by Hofeneder 
(1910c), have placed this valuable series of papers on the internal 
structure of the Strepsiptera in a far more available form, especially 
for American students. 

Correction: On page 60, Bulletin 66, next to last line, Aeciliws was 
incorrectly spelled Acilius. 

We find in Hofeneder’s (19100) description of the female Sticho- 
trema dallatorreanum, a very peculiar arrangement of genital canals, 
which are described as being in three rows of 12 to 14 canals each. 

Mr. Karl Strohm (1910) has pointed out that eyes of Xenos (rossi) 
vesparum are “‘ocelliire Komplexaugen,”’ meaning that the lenses are 
continuous, but are interrupted on the surface by partitions. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF STREPSIPTERA. 


Correction: On page 84, Bulletin 66, the sentence on the second 
fo) ) Pd 
line reading ‘‘Alimentation probably osmotic,” should be omitted. 


Superfamily MENGEOIDEA Pierce. 
Family MENGEID/E Pierce. 
Genus TRIOZOCERA, emendation. 
Trioxocera PIERCE, 1910 (typographical error). 

By an inadvertent following of an error in a preceding paper (Pierce, 
1908) the generic name Triozocera was spelled Triozocera. Application 
has been made to the International Rules Committee for permission 
to amend the spelling to its proper form. 

The genus contains two species. 

KEY TO SPECIES—MALES, 


Oedeagus very slender, sinuate; medius with two superior branches.1. mexicana Pierce, 
Oedeagus stouter, almost straight in basal two-thirds; medius with one superior: 
DranGhe sake reat pee ce eee L sicyhtet Mead Ghee oat ae 2. texana, new species. 


No. 1834. NEW SPECIES OF STREPSIPTERA—PIERCE. 491 


TRIOZOCERA TEXANA, new species. 


Described from one specimen collected by Mr. J. D. Mitchell at 
light, July 4, 1908, at Victoria, Texas. 

Male.—Length, 2.2 mm.; wing expanse, 5 mm.; brown; wings 
clouded, veins dark and distinct. Head transverse; eyes prominent, 
normal; antenne (missing in type). Wings with seven primary 
veins from base; the first two (costa +subcosta) strong, united, 
bracing the margin to beyond its middle; parallel to this and very 
close to it is the third (radius), which is much lighter, wavy, and not 
as long as the first two; about opposite the tips of the subcosta a 
short wavy line appears, which is evidently an interrupted continua- 
tion of the radius; the fourth primary (medius) arises contiguous to 
the radius but diverges rapidly; between the bases of these two veins 
is a short darkened area; the medius extends three-fourths of the 
distance to the margin of the wing, at about the middle of the wing 
there arises a strong branch detached from the main vein, which 
extends to the margin of the wing; behind the medius and somewhat 
nearer its base arises another strong branch, also detached at its 
base and extending to the margin of the wing; the fifth primary 
(cubitus) diverges from medius at the same angle as medius diverges 
from radius, and extends as a strong vein to the outer margin; the 
sixth vein (first anal) is halfway between the cubitus and second anal 
and very strong, but reaching only a little way beyond the middle of 
the wing; the seventh primary (second anal) is also strong and reaches 
the outer margin; in the region of the third anal there is a very broad 
infuscation which might possibly stand for that vein. Anterior and 
median cox transverse; trochanters arising at the sides, stout, 
almost as long as the femora; posterior coxze prominent, conical; 
trochanters stout, clavate, one-half as long as femora; tibie all 
slightly shorter than femora; tarsi five-jointed, first joint two-thirds 
as long as the tibia, second almost half as long as first; third slightly 
shorter; fourth one-half as long, broadened at apex and cupped for 
reception of fifth; fifth slender, two-thirds as long as third and 
armed with two claws. Oedeagus long and slender, barely sinuate, 
acute at tip. 

Type—Cat. No. 13713, U.S.N.M. 


Family MENGENILLID Hofeneder (1910a). 


Type genus.— Mengenilla Hofeneder (1910a). 
Antenne six-jointed, with the third, fourth, and fifth joints later- 
ally produced, and the sixth elongate; tarsi five-jointed. 


Genus MENGENILLA Hofeneder (19102). 


Type of genus.— M. chobautir Hofeneder (19102). 
Name based on the generic name Mengea. 


The habits of the genus are not known, and it is at present restricted 
to North Africa. 


492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


MENGENILLA CHOBAUTII Hofeneder (1910a). 


Described from a male collected in Ain Sefra, Algeria, in 1896, in 
the collection of Dr. A. Chobaut, in whose possession it remains as 
type. 

Male —WUength 4.5 mm., breadth between tips of expanded 
wings 6.5-7 mm. Color light brown, head darker; abdomen and 
legs light golden, wings milky, with the strongest veins brownish. 
Head approximately twice as wide as long; dorsally emarginate at 


base. Mandibies moderately long, acute. Maxille two-jointed, — 


slender. Antennz sensitive, pubescent, six-jointed, the first two 
joints goblet-form; third, fourth, and fifth laterally produced, 
lamellate; sixth elongate, lamellate. Eyes ellipsoidal, prominent, 
with about fifty ommatidia. Prothorax short. Mesothorax longer 
but shorter on the median line, and wider at the sides. Metathorax 
elongate, with preescutum more or less quadrate, causing emargina- 
tion of mesothorax; scuti about twice as long as wide; scutellum 
ogival, elongate; postlumbium almost as long on middle line as it is 
wide at base; postscutellum broad, hardly more than twice as long 
as wide, rounded at apex, deeply emarginate at base of postlumbium. 
Elytra normal, pubescent. Wings normal. Anterior and middle 
trochanters elongate, posterior shorter; femora stout, cylindrical; 
tibiz more slender; tarsi five-jointed, with two large claws. Cidea- 
gus at base very large, but rapidly diminishing to a point, gently 
sinuate, but not angulate. 


Superfamily XENOIDEA Pierce. 
Family MYRMECOLACIDZ: Pierce. 


Genus MYRMECOLAX Westwood. 


MYRMECOLAX NIETNERI Westwood. 
Elenchus tenuicornis GREEN (1902). 

There is practically no doubt in my mind but that Mr. Green’s 
Peradeniya (Ceylon) specimen is identical with the original Ram- 
boddo (Ceylon) species described by Westwood. As this rare insect 
belongs to the collection of Mr. Green a full description will be pre- 


sented in the forthcoming generic revision, with a colored illustration. | 


Family STYLOPID Kirby. 
Genus7S® YEO Ss kKarbiy: 


The genus Stylops still contains mainly species described from 
females. In addition to the species described herewith the writer 
has just received a number of other species which must be treated 
later. The host genus Andrena is an immense complex which has 
been divided into many subgenera or species groups. It seems to 


no. 1834. NEW SPECIES OF STREPSIPTERA—PIERCE. 493 


be a matter of considerable difficulty to secure a satisfactory arrange- 
ment of the species. The females of Stylops show also many small 
groups, and it is probable that when we know the males we will be 
able to more definitely arrange them. It is, however, of interest to 
note the coordination of the parasite and host classifications. Pter- 
andrena asteris and P. solidaginis are grouped together, and so may 
their parasites Stylops asteridis and S. swenki be grouped. The same 
ig true of Andrena solidula and A. vicina and their parasites S. 
solidule and S. vicine; of A. multiplicata and A. nivalis and their 
parasites S. multiplicate and S. grenicheri; of A. sparsipilosa and 
A. subcandida and their parasites S. sparsipilose and S. subcandide. 

In the following table the species known to the writer are arranged 
according to their relative forms as nearly as is possible. 

The first column of figures represents the ratio of the breadth of 
the cephalothorax between the spiracles to the distance between the 
mandibles; the second represents the ratio of the breadth of the head 
to the distance between the mandibles; the third the ratio of the 
breadth between the spiracles to the breadth of the head; the fourth 
the ratio of the breadth between the spiracles to the distance from 
spiracles to apex. 


Cephalo- Cephalo- 

Head to Breadth to 

F : thorax to P thorax to pete 
Stylops species. Andrena species. TWandibles pees head lengt 7 

PIV ONIONS st2 ciate iss ciseeie + QUVOTIONS seen seo e eee 6.06 3. 46 1.75 1.41 
AM ELOLQCISIS)s,< <a. cnele em ROKtfONdENStSeecs tat eae ate oe 6.14 3.90 1.57 1.40 
MISLERUI Sean 2a is Seni clnceats OSECTISS. Bone we ae aoe ae 6.23 4.84 1.28 1.35 
RPHCIIK Pane oasis ceisler lat ees cil SOLAAGINIS 20 anaes ssa 6.27 3.93 1.59 1.65 
TEL HOLES Aneaannc eiaeie aia aia (YD UU DS atascoogganacencone 6.28 4.00 1.77 aa 
DUNN NCLOLS a= = 21-25 <os <= sce ~'s Bipinciatanesas- eee eee 6.45 3.90 1.65 13 
EET Oe Oe SEC See SOUT ate ceases cioesee 6.61 3.66 1.80 hey 
WON OA SSS 50S GODOS DOOD ACEEISE MCING Roseaeh ce cee e ct Se 6.68 3.81 1.75 1.40 
BRIUIET Pare ms cicclejai<ieisicreicisiice iLUMOTENSTS sence eee eee 6.63 4.84 1.36 1.79 
NGI SE Enea e EELONW Ses Se eeemeesecies ose 6.75 4.16 1.62 1.50 
BRUMCLILOTIS seats tsb -to\c1-\01siaia=)=/= salicifloris.....- 7.00 4.35 1.60 1.42 
OLEMONU = aaa)== == 2 els <n == =~ polemonii...- 7.00 3.91 1.66 1.32 
OORT DEE aA SACRO Eee multiplicata. . 112 4.08 1.74 1.52 
PRE TUCNET sect tais oe sei nivalis.......- Ga?) 4.34 1.88 1.56 
GT Oe Ae oe oes crawfordi..... 7.13 3.93 1.81 155 
GAT D Ee eee RSE ae roe CTESSONL....-- 7.16 3. 87 1.84 1553 
BIIUTSt DE LOSE «clon m= 51015 -=5- sparsipilosa. . 7.30 4. 40 1.65 1.53 
BPICILTLUG Ps wlorajarcte =f. ote a= = subcandida....--- ae 7.30 4.50 1.62 1.58 
MLO COUUL ein (ma) = 210 sjn/s/slo Sis TUUDCCUO eee ame reins haat 7.41 4.00 1.85 1.57 
ETS Sea ao OOo ee COMMOUGE esas nese see 7.50-7.66 | 4.07-4.60 |] 1.66-1.84 1.3441. 35 
OTS ORNIC Oars ie ne Bee SULDULLLS eee oe fe aso ake sale 7.58 4.83 1.56 1.51 
LEED SEN SIT eh See TUITE Wea, Rae a 7.50 4.00 1.87 1.34 
BITATALET Ce crores se cielo HICH Dep Pesce peoetemEceee 7.63 4,45 peal 1.55 
BUAYLONUE onc cals oar o n= ats CLAYLON Pearse i= os piers ie 7.70 4.50 Vogal 1.49 
TES DUES SCC R SEO CE NASON enon es eee cee Tet 4.33 1.78 1.45 
TUITCNOLAES 2 Ste reas andrenoides.....--..------- 8.35 4.35 1.91 1.34 
MLOANODULONIS= 2 0. =~ 5s << -ia0 mandibularis.....---------- 9.10 5.90 1.54 1.51 
TH CIDE REP Saeene es bepeceese flavoclypeata......-.-.----- | 9.57 5.52 aE Yi 1. 43 


STYLOPS ANDRENOIDES, new species. 


Host.—Andrena andrenoides Cresson (det. Robertson), Carlinville, 
Illinois. Described from one female collected by Charles Robertson. 
Female——Length of cephalothorax 0.69 mm., breadth at spiracles 
0.69 mm., breadth at base of head 0.39 mm., distance between 


494. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


mandibles 0.09 mm. Cephalothorax orange yellow, with disk 
lighter, and with a dark brown band behind the spiracles; cephalo- 
thorax as long as broad, rather narrowly truncate at apex, truncation 
less than one-third the breadth at the spiracles. Lateral margin 
almost straight from spiracles to apical truncation. Mandibles 
obtusely rounded, with a small blunt tooth at apex. Spiracles 
visible at margin but not prominent. Cephalothorax very slightly 
constricted behind spiracles. 


Type.—Cat. No. 13689, U.S.N.M. 
STYLOPS ASTERIDIS, new species. 


Host——Andrena asteris Robertson (det. Robertson), Carlinville, 
Illinois. Described from one female collected September 8 by Charles 
Robertson. . 

Female.—Length of cephalothorax, 0.76 mm., breadth at spiracles 
0.79 mm., breadth at base of head 0.54 mm., distance between 
mandibles 0.14 mm. Cephalothorax orange yellow, lighter on disk, 
with brown band at base; cephalothorax almost as long as broad, 
truncate at apex, truncation less than one-fourth the width at the 
spiracles. Lateral margin slightly convex from spiracles to trunca- 
tion. Mandibles obtuse, with a rather acute outwardly curved 
tooth on the inner apical angle. Spiracles lateral, but not prominent. 
Cephalothorax broader behind spiracles and then very strongly 
constricted. 


Type.—Cat. No. 13690, U.S.N.M. 
STYLOPS CLAYTONIE Pierce. 


Stylops claytoniz PIERCE. 
Stylops imitatrix PIERCE. 

. Var. S. claytonix viereckt PIERCE. 

Mr. Viereck considers that the host bees Andrena clayton and 
A. wmitatrix are synonymous and that he considers A. texana as a 
variety of clayton. Following his lead the writer finds the para- 
sites of the first sufficiently close to be considered identical, but the 
parasite of texana is quite different, as is shown by the preceding 
table. For this reason vierecki is now to be construed as a variety. 


STYLOPS HARTFORDENSIS Pierce. 


Mr. Viereck now considers Andrena hartfordensis a synonym of 
A. nasoni, but the writer has concluded that the parasites are suffi- 
ciently different to retain their specific rank. 


STYLOPS MANDIBULARIS, new species. 


Host.—Andrena mandibularis Robertson (det. Robertson), Carlin- 
ville, Illinois. Described from one female collected April 10, by 
Charles Robertson. 


no. 1834. NEW SPECIES OF STREPSIPTERA—PIERCE. 495 


Female.—Length of cephalothorax 0.88 mm., breadth at spiracles 
0.88 mm., breadth at base of head 0.52 mm., distance between mandi- 
bles 0.10 mm. Cephalothorax orange yellow, with disk lighter, and 
with a wide sharply marked dark brown band at base, half on the 
thorax and half on the abdomen, and not reaching the sides of the 
thorax in front of the constriction. Cephalothorax as long as broad, 
truncate at apex, the truncation slightly more than one-fourth the 
breadth at the spiracles. Lateral margin almost straight from spira- 
cles to apex, having a slight sinuation at base of head and also just 
before apex. Mandibles obtusely rounded, not toothed. Cephalo- 
thorax with sides parallel for a short distance behind the spiracles and 
then strongly constricted. Spiracles slightly prominent on margin. 


Type.—Cat. No. 13691, U.S.N.M. 


STYLOPS NUDZ&, new species. 


Host.—Andrena nuda Robertson (det. Robertson), Carlinville, Hh- 
nois. Described from one female collected by Charles Robertson. 

Female.—Length of cephalothorax 0.80 mm., breadth at spiracles 
0.81 mm., breadth at base of head 0.42 mm., distance between mandi- 
bles 0.10 mm. Cephalothorax orange yellow, with disk lighter, and 
with a dark brown band at base, extending equally onto the abdo- 
men, irregular in outline and fading out on the edges. Cephalothorax 
as long as broad, truncate at apex, the truncation about one-fourth 
the breadth at the spiracles. Lateral margin almost imperceptibly 
convex from spiracles to apical truncation. Mandibles small, apically 
toothed. Spiracles laterally prominent. Cephalothorax with sides 
convexly narrowed behind the spiracles to a strong constriction. 


Type.—Cat. No. 13692, U.S.N.M. 


STYLOPS PILIPEDIS, new species. 


Host.—Andrena pilipes Fabricius (det. Cockerell), Pekin, China. 
Described from one specimen collected by M. L. Robb, April 21, 1901. 

Female.—Length of cephalothorax 1.30 mm., breadth at spiracles 
1.26 mm., breadth at base of head 0.83 mm., distance between man- 
dibles 0.14 mm. Cephalothorax reddish orange, with disk lighter, 
and with a dark brown band at base, equally on thorax and abdo- 
men. Cephalothorax slightly longer than broad, rounding truncate at 
apex, the truncation less than one-fourth the breadth at the spiracles. 
Lateral margin strongly convex with several very slight indentations. 
Mandibles obtuse, not toothed. Spiracles touching lateral margin 
but not prominent. Cephalothorax with sides almost parallel for a 
short distance behind the spiracles and then very strongly constricted. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13693, U.S.N.M. 

This is the largest female Stylops yet known to the writer. 


496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. 


Family XENIDA Semenov. 


Genus HALICTOXENOS Pierce. 


HALICTOXENOS GRAENICHERI Pierce. 


Correction: This specific name was wrongly spelled on page 150 of 
Bulletin 66, but correctly on pages 147 and 148, where it was also 
defined; hence the correct spelling holds and not greincher. 


HALICTOXENOS NYMPHAZARI, new species. 


Host.—Chloralictus nymphxarum Robertson (det. Robertson), Car- 
linville, Illinois. Described from one female collected by Charles 
Robertson. 

Female.—Length of cephalothorax 0.55 mm., breadth at spiracles 
0.52 mm., breadth at base of head 0.26 mm., distance between mandi- 
bles 0.07 mm. Cephalothorax yellow, with an orange brown band at 
base, which has its posterior margin on the abdomen semicircular. 
Cephalothorax longer than broad, convexly truncate at apex, con- 
stricted at base of head, and also behind spiracles. Apical truncation 
less than one-third the breadth at the spiracles. Lateral margin 
obliquely convex from spiracles to base of head, thence convex and 
almost parallel, rounding evenly into the convex apex. Spiracles 
lateral but not prominent. Mandibles small, obtuse, apically 
emarginate. 


Type.—Cat. No. 13694, U.S.N.M. 


HALICTOXENOS VIRIDUL&, new species. 


Host.—Augochlora viridula Smith (det. Robertson), Carlinville, 
Illinois. Described from one female collected by Charles Robertson. 

Female.—Length of cephalothorax 0,73 mm., breadth at spiracles 
0.85 mm., breadth at base of head 0.33 mm., distance between mandi- | 
bles 0.08 mm. Cephalothorax light yellow, with a smail semielliptical 
brown spot at the center of the base which extends on the base of 
the abdomen as a broad band from one side to the other. Cephalo-_ 
thorax considerably wider than long, truncate at apex, constricted 
at base of head, strongly constricted behind spiracles. Lateral 
margin strongly sinuate, with the depressions at the base of the| 
head and a little in front of the spiracles. Mandibles set obliquely, 
narrowed toward apex, which is squarely truncate but with a minute 
denticle on the inner apical angle. Spiracles marginal, but not 
prominent. Abdomen with five genital tubes. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13695, U.S.N.M. 


“No. 1834, NEW SPECIES OF STREPSIPTERA—PIERCE. 497 


Genus CRAWFORDIA Pierce. 
CRAWFORDIA COCKERELLI Pierce. 
Host.—Panurginus boylet Cockerell (auth. Cockerell). 
CRAWFORDIA LABROSI, new species. 


Host.—Pseudopanurgus labrosus Robertson, Carlinville, Illinois. 
Described from one female collected July 3 by Charles Robertson. 
Female.—Length of cephalothorax 0.47 mm., breadth at spiracles 
0.48 mm., breadth at base of head 0.45 mm., distance between 
mandibles 0.11 mm. Cephalothorax light yellow, with anterior half 
of margin clouded with brown. Abdomen with a very broad dark 
brown band bordering the cephalothorax. Cephalothorax as long 
as broad, subquadrangular, very broadly truncate at apex, which is 
very little narrower than the width of the spiracles, strongly con- 
stricted behind spiracles. Lateral margins from spiracles almost 
parallel to a line through the bases of the mandibles, thence curving 
and regularly convex with apex. Head with sides produced almost 
to spiracles, mouth almost apical, mandibles broad, blunt, and 
‘armed on inner apical angle with a short curved tooth. Spiracles 
lateral, slightly prominent. 
Type.—Cat. No. 13696, U.S.N.M. 


CRAWFORDIA RUDBECKI4&, new species. 


Host.—Pseudopanurgus rudbeckiz Robertson, Carlinville, Illinois. 
Described from one female collected August 29 by Charles Robertson. 
Female.—Length of cephalothorax 0.49 mm., breadth at spiracles 
0.51, breadth at base of head 0.49 mm., distance between mandibles 
0.10. Cephalothorax light yellow, with margins tinged with orange. 
“Abdomen with a dark band bordering thorax. Cephalothorax 
almost as long as broad, broadest behind spiracles, thence almost 
evenly convex on sides and apex, but not subquadrangular as in the 
preceding species, strongly constricted behind spiracles. Spiracles 
lateral, but not prominent. Head as in the preceding species, broad, 
blunt, and armed on inner apical angle. 
Type.—Cat. No. 13697, U.S.N.M. 


Genus XENOS Rossi. 


Acroschismus PIERCE. 
Schistosiphon PIERCE. 


After receiving considerable new material the writer has come to 
the conclusion that the wing venation can not be used to separate 
Xenos and Acroschismus, and has therefore combined all three genera, 
which are parasites of Polastes. 

80796°—Proc.N .M.vol.40-—-11——32 


498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


XENOS AURIFERI, new species. 


Host.—Polistes aurifer Saussure, Palo Alto, California. Described 
from one female collected in February, 1892, by W. G. Johnson, and 
received from Prof. Henry Comstock. 

Female.—Length of cephalothorax 1.24 mm., breadth at spiracles 
1.41 mm., breadth at base of head 1.08 mm., distance between mandi- 
bles 0.29 mm. Cephalothorax dark brown on basal half, light yel- 
lowish brown on apical portion, the lighter shades run back on the 
margins in a narrow line almost to the spiracles, and also cause a 
semicircular emargination of the dark area on the middle of the disk. 
Cephalothorax broader than long, constricted at base, margin almost 
perfectly convex, with only two long shallow emarginations in front 
of the mandibles; spiracles not reaching lateral margin; mandibles 
quadrate, emarginate at apex. 


Type.—Cat. No. 13699, U.S.N.M. 


Genus BELONOGASTECHTHRUS, new genus.. 


Name derived from Belonogaster (the host genus) + éy0edc¢ (enemy), 


meaning a parasite of the genus Belonogaster. 
Type of genus—B. zavattari, new species. 


The genus is restricted to parasites of Belonogaster and is at present 


confined to Africa. 
Male unknown. 
Female.—Based on the figure by Zavattari (1909). 


Triungulinid.—Length 0.32 mm. Head large, dark, eye spot | 


dark. Head not half as long as thorax. Coxe large, femora and 
tibiz slender, tarsus a broad one-jointed transverse pulvillus, three 
times as broad as the tibie. First eight abdominal segments normal, 
ninth elongate and emarginate for tenth which bears two long 


stylets, and the lateral lobes of the ninth bear each a more slender | 


stylet. 
BELONOGASTECHTHRUS ZAVATTARI, new species. 


Host.—Belonogaster elegans Gerstaecker; Butiti, Congo Free State, 


collected by the expedition of Duc d’Abruzzi, and figured by E. 


Zavattari (1909). Triungulinids were kindly presented the writer 


by Doctor Zavattari. 


Female.—Cephalothorax about as long as broad; sides convex, | 


margin of head sinuate, apex lobately rounded. 
Genus PSEUDOXENOS Saunders. 


Leionotoxenos PIERCE. 


On account of a decision by Mr. S. A. Rohwer, of the U.S. National 
Museum, to consider Leionotus, Ancistrocerus, etc., as merely species 
eroups of Odynerus, as was done by Saussure, it is expedient for the | 
present to combine the genus Leionotoxenos with Pseudoxenos, espe- | 


No. 1834. NEW SPECIES OF STREPSIPTERA—PIERCE. 499 


cially as females are now at hand from several of the so-called genera 
recognized by Ashmead. These parasites are too closely allied to 
warrant even subgeneric separation. 


PSEUDOXENOS ARVENSIDIS, new species. 


Host.—Odynerus (Leionotus) arvensis Saussure, Carlinville, Illinois, 
Described from one female collected August 2 by Charles Robertson. 

Female.—Length of cephalothorax 1.16 mm., breadth 1.25 mm., 
breadth of head 1.05 mm., distance between mandibles 0.23 mm. 
Cephalothorax orange brown, the margins very dark, and the anterior 
half, except in front of opening of brood canal, dark; posterior half 
of disk lighter. Cephalothorax broader than long, constricted at 
base, broadest behind spiracles, thence more or less evenly convex 
on sides and apex, apex almost imperceptibly truncate; spiracles 
lateral and barely prominent; mandibles oblique, emarginate at 
apex with curved tooth on inner angle. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13700, U.S.N.M. 


PSEUDOXENOS ERYNNIDIS, new species. 


Host.—Odynerus erynnys Lepeletier, Inverness, Florida. Described 
from one female collected by Charles Robertson. 

Female.—Length of cephalothorax 1.32 mm., breadth 1.39 mm., 
breadth of head 1.08 mm., distance between mandibles 0.26 mm. 
Cephalothorax orange brown, with apex yellow, behind which is a 
quadrate dark spot as wide as the opening of the brood canal, mar- 
ginal area from here back darker than disk, and margin from base of 
head very dark to base of cephalothorax. Cephalothorax broader 
than long, constricted at base, broadest immediately behind the 
spiracles, lateral margins between base of head and spiracles not 
very oblique, but at base of head strongly angled and thence oblique, 
slightly sinuate; apex strongly convex; spiracles lateral, barely 
prominent; mandibles distant, very oblique, deeply emarginate at 
apex, forming an acute tooth on inner angle, and a rounded lobe on 
outer angle. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13701, U.S.N.M. 

This species differs considerably in form from the others so far 
described. 

PSEUDOXENOS FORAMINATI, new species. 

Host.—Odynerus foraminatus Saussure, Trenton, New Jersey. 
Described from one female collected July 5, 1907. 

Female.—Length of cephalothorax 1.02 mm., breadth 1.04 mm., 
breadth of head 0.85 mm., distance between mandibles 0.17 mm. 
Cephalothorax dark brown, with part of head between mandibles 
yellow, and a small area at base of disk lighter brown, margins very 
dark, but a lighter round area indicates location of spiracles. Cepha- 
lothorax almost as long as broad, convexly narrowed to base from 


500 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. — 


widest point, which is just behind the spiracles; spiracles barely | 
reaching lateral margin; sides convex, slightly wavy, apex narrowly — 
truncate; mandibles oblique with a strong tooth on the inner apical 

angle. 


Type.—Cat. No. 13702, U.S.N.M. 
PSEUDOXENOS FUNDATI, new species. 


Host.—Odynerus (Leionotus) fundatus Cresson, Carlinville, Illinois. — 
Described from one female collected June 25, by Charles Robertson. 

Female.—Length of cephalothorax 0.99 mm., breadth 1.18 mm., — 
breadth of head 0.91 mm., distance between mandibles 0.19 mm. 
Cephalothorax light brown, with area in front of opening of brood — 
canal yellowish, and posterior fourth of disk ighter, margins especially — 
near middle very dark, but with a lighter round area indicating the — 
location of the spiracles. Cephalothorax convex from base, evenly ) 
rounded at widest point behind spiracles; spiracles not attaining — 
lateral margin; sides sinuately oblique to the narrowly rounded apex; 
mandibles oblique, with a sharp tooth on inner apical angle. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13703, U.S.N.M. 


PSEUDOXENOS HISTRIONIS, new species. 


Host.—Odynerus (Ancistrocerus) hastrio Lepeletier, Inverness, 
Florida. Described from one female collected March 20, by Charles 
Robertson. 

Female.—Length of cephalothorax 0.86 mm., breadth 0.89 mm., 
breadth of head 0.76 mm., distance between mandibles 0.17 mm. 
Cephalothorax light orange brown, with area in front of mouth yellow, 
a brown transverse band behind the opening of the brood canal, 
margins very dark, and remainder of disk lighter in color. Cepha- 
lothorax rather strongly constricted at base; broadest at spiracles 
which are laterally prominent; thence angulately convex, apex 
evenly convex; mandibles very oblique, apically emarginate and 
toothed on inner angle. 


Type.—Cat. No. 13704, U.S.N.M. 


PSEUDOXENOS PEDESTRIDIS, new species. 


Host.—Odynerus (Leionotus) pedestris Saussure, Carlinville, Illinois. 
Described from one female collected July 6, by Charles Robertson. 

Female.—Length of cephalothorax 0.80 mm., breadth 0.80 mm., 
breadth of head 0.67 mm., distance between mandibles 0.15 mm. 
Cephalothorax light orange brown, darkest on margins and across 
disk behind mouth in basal third, apex yellow, remainder of disk 
orange colored. Cephalothorax not strongly constricted behind, 
more or less evenly convex from base to apex, apex narrowly truncate; 
spiracles just reaching lateral margin; mandibles oblique, toothed. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13705, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1834. NEW SPECIES OF STREPSIPTERA—PIERCE. 5Ol 


PSEUDOXENOS ROBERTSONI, new species. 


Host.—Odynerus (Ancistrocerus) histrionalis Robertson, Carlinville, 
Illinois. Described from one female collected August 27, by Charles 
Robertson. 

Female.—Length of cephalothorax 1.04 mm., breadth 1.05 mm., 
breadth of head 0.85 mm., distance between mandibles 0.20 mm. 
Cephalothorax light orange brown, with a very dark narrow margi- 
nal line and a dark line behind the opening of the brood canal, the 
color shading off from these dark lines to a very light disk, apex 
light, area of spiracles ight on the dark rim. Cephalothorax con- 
stricted at base convex at widest point behind spiracles, convex 
with slight sinuations to apex which is evenly rounded; spiracles 
barely attaining the margin; mandibles with a very acute tooth on 
the inner apical angle. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13706, U.S.N.M. 


PSEUDOXENOS TIGRIDIS, new species. 


Host.—Odynerus (Ancistrocerus) tigris Saussure, Carlinville, Illinois. 
Described from one female collected by Charles Robertson on Sep- 
tember 23. 

Female.—Length of cephalothorax 0.76 mm., breadth 0.70 mm., 
breadth of head 0.58 mm., distance between mandibles 0.16 mm. 
Cephalothorax light brown, darkest on margins, apex light, disk 
light orange brown. Cephalothorax oval, constricted at apex, 
broadest behind spiracles, sides convex from base to apex, very 
even, apex evenly convex; spiracles barely reaching margins, indi- 
cated by clear round area; mandibles small, oblique with a small 
outward curved tooth on inner apical angle. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13707, U.S.N.M. 


Genus TACHYTIXENOS, new genus. 


Type of genus.—T. indicus, new species. 

The only species of this genus is a parasite of Tachytes and the genus 
is at present confined to Asia. 

Male.—Head transverse, broadly produced over antenne. Man- 
dibles curved, stout, ensiform, apically acute, maxille two-jointed, 
the first joint stout subclavate, the second longer, tapering but not 
acute at apex. Eyes large, many-faceted. Antenne normally 
xeniform, rami flattened. Prothorax transverse, slightly arched for- 
ward. Mesothorax shorter, emarginate by prescutum; elytra slen- 
der, clavate. Metathoracic preescutum keystone-shape ; scuti broad, 
angularly produced over base of wings, narrowly separated by pedun- 
cle of scutellum; scutellum reaching prescutum in a pedunculate 
process which widens to the main body in a sinuate curve, posterior 
angles laterally produced, posterior edge bisinuate; postlumbium of 
different consistency from other parts, with both anterior and pos- 


502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


terior edges bisinuate; postscutellum broad, strongly convex. Wing 
venation light. Legs moderate, posterior femora inflated behind. 
Oedeagus with almost no curve beneath at base and with the first 
outer bend very near base, reflexed at the apical fourth at about a 
right angle, apex very acute. 


TACHYTIXENOS INDICUS, new species. 


Host.— Tachytes xenoferus Rohwer, Deesa, India. Described from 
one male and one female collected by Lt. Col. C. G. Nurse in June, 
1898. Four wasps contained four empty puparia, one male pupa- 
rium, one female. The male puparium contained a fully developed 
male. 

Male—Length 2.5 mm. Dark brown, antenne and palpi a little 
lighter, mandibles and oedeagus transparent yellow, postlumbium 
light brown, abdomen brown strongly tinged with yellow, elytra and 
legs yellowish brown, wings pale with venation yellow. 

Female.—Length of cephalothorax 0.83 mm., breadth 0.97 mm., 
breadth of head 0.82 mm., distance between mandibles 0.18 mm. 
Cephalothorax reddish brown, darkest on edges, orange colored on 
disk; slightly constricted at base, widest behind spiracles which 
barely reach the edge, thence convex to apex; apex broadly rounded, 
sinuate in front of mandibles; mandibles diagonal, quadrate truncate, 
with a small tooth on the inner apical angle. 


Type-—Cat. No. 13729, U.S.N.M. 


Genus EUPATHOCERA Pierce. 
EUPATHOCERA LUCTUOSAE, new species. 


Hlost.—Sphex (Psammophila) luctuosa Smith; Colorado Springs, 
Colorado. Described from one female from the collection of Univer- 
sity of Nebraska. 

Female.—Length of cephalothorax 0.98 mm., breadth at spiracles 
1.22 mm., breadth of head 0.95 mm., distance between mandibles 
0.20 mm. Cephalothorax brown, becoming lighter orange brown on 
posterior half of disk; widest behind spiracles, evenly convex 
throughout; mandibles oblique, subquadrate, concavely emarginate 
at apex, with a small acute tooth near inner angle; spiracles not 
reaching margin. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13708, U.S.N.M. 

EUPATHOCERA PICTIPENNIDIS, new species. 

Host.—Sphex (Ammophila) pictipennis Walsh, Carlinville, Illinois. 
Described from one female collected by Charles Robertson. 

Female.—Length of cephalothorax 0.92 mm., breadth at spiracles 
1.11 mm., breadth of head 0.88 mm., distance between ‘mandibles 
0.19mm. Cephalothorax dark reddish-brown, with a small lighter 
basal area; widest behind the spiracles, constricted at base, evenly 


No. 1834. NEW SPECIES OF STREPSIPTERA—PIERCE. 503 


convex throughout; spiracles laterally prominent; mandibles oblique, 
quadrate with a large sharp tooth on the inner apical angle. 
_ Type.—Cat. No. 13709, U.S.N.M. 


EUPATHOCERA VULGARIDIS, new species. 


Host.—Sphex (Ammophila) vulgaris Cresson, Carlinville, Illinois. 
Described from one female collected by Charles Robertson. 

_ Female.—Length of cephalothorax 0.91 mm., breadth at spiracles 
0.99 mm., breadth of head 0.54 mm. Cephalothorax brown, with 
‘basal area of disk lighter; widest just behind spiracles, which are 
located one-third of the distance from the base, sides behind spiracles 
almost parallel, but suddenly constricted at base, sides in front of 
spiracles convex, apex truncate; spiracles laterally prominent; man- 
dibles oblique, emarginate, with an acute tooth on the inner apical 
angle. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13710, U.S.N.M. 


Genus OPHTHALMOCHLUS Pierce. 


OPHTHALMOCHLUS AURIPEDIS, new species. 


_ Host.—Chlorion (Isodontia) auripes Fernald, Plummers Island, 
/Maryland. Described from one female collected July 10, 1910, by 
J.C. Crawford. 

_ Female.—Length 1.55 mm., breadth 1.80 mm., breadth of head 1.44 
mm., distance between mandibles 0.26 mm. Cephalothorax dark 
|brown, with posterior third of disk lighter; widest at spiracles; 
obliquely widening from base to spiracles, thence convexly obliquely 
narrowing to apex, outline of head sinuate; spiracles not reaching 
margins; mandibles oblique, quadrate, truncate, but with a long 
acute tooth projecting from the inner apical angle. 

Tpye.—Cat. No. 13711, U.S.N.M. 


Superfamily STICHOTREMATOIDEA Hofeneder, rg10d. 


This superfamily has been erected by Hofeneder because of the 
extremely peculiar arrangement of the female genital pores, which 
are arranged in three transverse series of twelve to fourteen each. 


Family STICHOTREMATID Hofeneder, 1910 0. 


Type genus.—Stichotrema Hofeneder (1910 6). 

Parasites of Locustide. 

The male is unknown. The triungulinid is similar to those of the 
preceding and following families. | 


Genus STICHOTREMA Hofeneder (1910 d). 


Type of genus.—Stichotrema dallatorreanum Hofeneder. 
Name derived from otéyoc (row)+tofya (aperture), referring to 
the arrangement of the genital pores in rows. 


504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 4 


STICHOTREMA DALLATORREANUM Hofeneder (1910 5). | 


Host.—Sexava nubila Stal; Pack Island, Admiralty Islands, Sep- 
tember 10, 1909, Dr. E. Wolf, collector. 

Female.—Dorsal side outward, and not as in other Strepsiptera. 
Genital canals arranged in three parallel rows on the first or second 
abdominal segment, with twelve to fourteen in each row. Cephalo- 
thorax with lateral projections behind the spiracles. Head with two 
small projections, probably rudimentary maxille. 

Triungulinid.—Length 0.22mm. Elongate, head obtusely rounded, — 
with a deep narrow emargination at the center of the apex. Head — 
and thorax together shorter than abdomen. Head over half as long — 
as thorax. Eyes large crystalline. Legs with coxe, large, toothed; 
femora slender and apically mucronate, tibia longer and more slender, 
tarsus minute, hairlike. First eight abdominal segments transverse, 
short, ninth elongate, deeply emarginate, bearing the tenth segment 
in the emargination, and on the apices of the lateral lobes armed with 
two pair of short hairs; tenth segment bearing two very long stylets, 
which are approximate at base. 

Above description is original from specimens of the triungulinids 
given the writer by Mr. Hofeneder. 


Superfamily HALICTOPHAGOIDEA Pierce. 
Family DIOZOCERID, new name. 


Dioxoceridx, PrERCE (1908). 
Genus DIOZOCERA, emendation. 
Dioxocera, Prerce (1908), (typographical error). 


The original spelling was due to an error in copying and is abso- 
lutely meaningless. Application has been made to the International 
Rules Committee for privilege to emend the spelling to its proper 
form. 


Family HALICTOPHAGID/ Pierce. 
Genus PENTOZOCERA, emendation. 


Pentoxocera PreRcE (1908), (typographical error). 
The same remarks as above hold for this generic name. 


PENTOZOE,! new genus. 


Type of genus.—P.. peradeniya, new species. 

Male.—Head excavated behind, produced over antenne. Eyes 
many facetted. Antenne with flabelli short, flat and broad. Man- 
dibles short and acute, slightly passing each other; maxille long, 


No. 1834. NEW SPECIES OF STREPSIPTERA—PIERCE. 505 


second joint long. Prothorax and mesothorax arched far forward into 
head, the former appearing only as a disk. Elytra moderately long. 
Praescutum elongate triangular, narrowly truncate by scutellum; 
scuti quadrate, diagonal, approximate at apex of praescutum, not 
reaching to lateral processes of scutellum; scutellum with median 
anterior lobe separating scuti, behind which it is more or less quadrate 
with posterolateral prolongations; postlumbium of different consis- 
tency from the other parts, and almost as long as the scutellum; post- 
scutellum convex, broad and about as long as praescutum and scu- 
tellum together. Wings with seven primary veins, the costa and 
subcosta strong, the area between these and medius darkened; a 
very wide detached vein arising just beyond the darkened area; 
medius extending to margin with long detached branch in front of it; 
the two anal veins straight. Legs normal; tarsi three-jointed. 
Ninth abdominal segment elongate; cedeagus slender, inflated at 
basal third and strongly arched, thence very slender and at apical 
fourth bent back in an acute angle. 

Female.—Cephalothorax quadrate, bi-emarginate at apex, with 
the lobe thus formed very prominent; mandibles oblique and with a 
long tooth; spiracles, not laterally prominent; surface radiately 
wrinkled from base; opening of brood canal transverse; abdomen 
with a long, darkened area of the same shape as the cephalothorax. 


PENTOZOE PERADENITYA, new species. 


Host.——Thompsoniella arcuata Motschulsky, Peradeniya, Ceylon. 
Described from one male and one female collected by E. E. Green. 

Male.—Length 1.25 mm. Dark brown, eyes black, antenne and 
legs lighter. 

Female.—Color light brown. Length of cephalothorax 0.26 mm., 
breadth 0.22 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13712, U.S.N.M. 


HOST LIST. 


The following additions to the host list of the Strepsiptera may be 
made: 


ORTHOPTERA. 
Superfamily LOCUSTOIDEA. 


Family LOCUSTID. 
Sexava Stal. 


nubila Stal, Pack Island, Admiralty Islands, September 10 (EK. 
Wolf), (female) Stichotrema dallatorreanum Hofeneder (Hofe- 
neder 19100). 

species, Wogeo, Schouten Island, Admiralty Islands, September 
13 (EK. Wolf) (Hofeneder 1910b). 


1 Name derived from xévte (five) + éfe¢, (branches). 


506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 39. 


HOMOPTERA. 
Superfamily CICADOIDEA. 
Family TETIGONIIDA. 


Tribe PHRYNOMORPHINI. 


Thompsoniella Signoret. 
arcuata Motschulsky, Peradeniya, Ceylon, July (EK. E. Green) 
(males, females), (Pentozoe peradeniya Pierce). 
Deltocephalus Burmeister. 
labiatus Gillette, Colorado (male pupa), (received from EK. D. 
Ball). 
HYMENOPTERA. 


Superfamily VESPOIDEA. 
Family EUMENID/. 


Odynerus Latreille (including Leionotus and Ancistrocerus). 
anormis Say (Leionotus), Carlinville, Illinois, May 31, October 
29 (Robertson 1910). 
arvensis Saussure (Leionotus), Carlinville, Illinois, August 2 
(Robertson 1910), (female) (Pseudoxenos arvensidis Pierce). 
bifurcus Robertson (Leionotus), Inverness, Florida, March 3 
(Robertson 1910). 
capra Saussure (Ancistrocerus), Washington State (male exuvium) 
(U. S. National Museum collection). 
clypeatus Robertson (Ancistrocerus), Carlinville, Ilinois, May 24, 
31 (Robertson 1910). 
erynnys Lepeletier, Inverness, Florida, February 10, March 10, 
25 (Robertson 1910), (female) (Pseudoxenos erynnidis Pierce). 
foraminatus Saussure (Levonotus). 
2. Carlinville, Illinois, August 13 (Robertson 1910). 
3. Trenton, New Jersey, July 5, 1907 (female), (Pseudoxenos 
foraminati Pierce), (U.S. National Museum collection). 
fundatiformis Robertson (Leionotus), Orlando, Florida, February 
17 (Robertson 1910). 
fundatus Cresson (Leionotus), Carlinville, Illinois, June, July 
(Robertson 1910), (female) (Pseudoxenos fundati Pierce). 
histrio Lepeletier (Ancistrocerus), Inverness, Florida, March 20, 
24 (Robertson 1910), (female) (Pseudoxenos histrionis Pierce). 
histrionalis Robertson (Ancistrocerus), Carlinville, linois, August 
5, 27 (Robertson 1910), (female) Pseudoxenos robertsona 
Pierce). 


NO. 1834. NEW SPECIES OF STREPSIPTERA—PIERCE. 507 


pedestris Saussure (Leionotus), Carlinville, Illinois, July 6 (Rob- 
ertson 1910), (female) (Pseudoxenos pedestridis Pierce). 

sexcungulati Ashmead (Ancistrocerus), Florissant, Colorado, June 
26, 1907, S. A. Rohwer, on Salix brachycarpa (U.S. National 
Museum collection). 

tigris Saussure (Ancistrocerus), Carlinville, Illinois, September 
23 (Robertson 1910), (female) (Pseudoxenos tigridis Pierce). 

turpis Saussure (Leionotus), Inverness, Florida, March 19 
(Robertson 1910). 


Family VESPID. 
Polistes Latreille. 
aurivfer Saussure, Palo Alto, California, February, 1892 (W. G, 
Johnston), (female, male exuvium) (Xenos auriferi Pierce) 
(from Cornell University collection). 
hebreus Fabricius, India (Maxwell-Lefroy and Howlett 1909). 
metricus Say. 
7. Cornell University (female), (Cornell University collec- 
tion). 
rubigunosus Lepeletier. 
10. Arlington, Texas, September 30 (exuvium). 
11. Tallulah, Louisiana, January 29 (exuvium) (V. I. 
Safro); February 16 (female), (V. I. Safro). 
variatus Cresson. 
3. Carlinville, Illinois, September 30 (Robertson 1910). 
4, Church’s Island, Maryland, November 3 (W. L. McAtee), 
(males, females). 
Belonogaster Saussure. 
elegans Gerstaecker, Butiti, Congo Free State (female), (Za- 
vattari 1909) (Belonogastechthrus zavattarw Pierce). 


Superfamily SPHECOIDEA. 


Family SPHECID/. 


Chlorion Latreille. 
auripes Fernald (Isodontia) 1. Plummer’s Island, Maryland, 
July 10, 1910, (J. C. Crawford) (female) (Ophthalmochlus 
aurvpedis Pierce). 
2. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (H. L. Adams) (female). 
achneumoneus Linnzus. 
5. Carlinville, Illinois (Robertson, 1910). 
pollens Kohl, Ain Sefra, Algeria (Hofeneder 1910qa). 
Sceliphron. 
letum F. Smith, Sandgate, Queensland, February 19, 1905. 
(Dr. J. Turner), Gin U. S. National Museum collection). 


508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Sphex Linneus. 
campestris Latreille, Germany (Scholz, 1909). 
luctuosa Smith. 1. Idaho, G@emale) (University of aes 
collection); 2. Colorado Spee. Colorado (male pupa, female) 
(Eupathocera luctuose Pierce) (University of Nebraska col- 
lection). 
Family LARRIDA. 
Tachytes Panzer. 
aenoferus Rohwer. Deesa, India (males, females) (C. G. Nurse) 
(Tachytixenos indicus Pierce). 


Superfamily APOIDEA. 
Family ANDRENID. 
Subfamily HALICTIN At. 


Augochlora F. Smith. 
viridula F, Smith, Carlinville, Ulmois, September 17 (Robertson 
1910), (female) (Halictoxenos viridule Pierce). 
Halictus Latreille. 
nymphearum Robertson, Carlinville, Illmois (Robertson 1910) 
(female), (Halictoxenos nymphexari Pierce). 
sparsus Robertson 2. Carlinville, Illinois, April, May, July, Sep- 
tember, October (Robertson, 1910). 
versatus Robertson 2. Carlinville, Illinois, April 11, November 3 
(Robertson, 1910). 
zephyrus Smith 2. Carlinville, Hlinois, April, July (Robertson, 
Bias Subfamily ANDRENIN 2D. 
Andrena Fabricius. 
andrenoides Cresson, Carlinville, Ulinois, April 1-29 (Robertson, 
1910), (female), (Stylops andrenoides Pierce). 
asteris Robertson, Carlinville, Illinois, September 8 (Robertson, 
1910) (female), (Stylops asteridis Pierce). 
crawfordi Viereck, Dallas, Texas (Viereck, 1909). 
cressoni Robertson, Falls Church, Virginia, June 14 on Ceanothus 
(female), (in U. S. National Museum collection). 
desponsa Smith (victima Smith), Nova Scotia (male, female) 
(Stylops childreni Gray) (Latreille, 1845, Smith, 1853, Cock- 
erell, 19060). 
didelta Viereck, Florissant, Colorado, July 17, 1907 (S. A. Roh- 
wer) (female), (in U. S. National Museum collection). 
erigeniz Robertson, 1. Carlinville, Illinois, April 11 (Robertson, 
1891, 1910), (female). 2. Castle Rock, Pennsylvania, April 17, 
1908 (females), (in U. S. National Museum collection). 
hemileuca Viereck, Florissant, Colorado, June 19, 1907 (S. A 
Rohwer), (females), (in U. S. National Museum collection). 


No. 1834. NEW SPECIES OF STREPSIPTERA—PIERCE. 509 


hilaris Smith, Georgia (female), (in U. S. National Museum col- 
lection). 
hippotes Robertson, 2. Carlinville, Illinois, April 10 (Robertson, 
1910). 
ulinoiensis Robertson, 2. Carlinville, Hlinois, April 17 (Robert- 
son, 1891, 1910). 
wmitatriz Cresson race claytonzx Robertson, Stylops claytoniz 
Pierce. 
var. texana Cresson Stylops claytonizx vierecki Pierce. 
var. profunda Viereck. 
The above synonymy will change the location of the references 
in Bulletin 66. 
lewisia Cockerell, Florissant, Colorado, July 8, 1907 (S. A. Roh- 
wer), (females) Gin U. S. National Museum collection). 
mandibularis Robertson, Carlinville, Illinois, March 21, 29, 
April 10 (Robertson, 1910), (female) (Stylops mandibularidis 
Pierce) . 
nasoni Robertson (hartfordensis Cockerell). 
Stylops hartfordensis is, however, not a synonym of Stylops 
nasoni. 
nuda Robertson, Carlinville, Illinois, March 17 (Robertson, 1910), 
(female), (Stylops nudx Pierce). 
pilipes Fabricius, Pekin, China, April 21, 1901 (M. L. Robb) 
(female), (Stylops pilipedis Pierce) (in U.S. National Museum 
collection). 
polygon Viereck (paratype), Florissant, Colorado, July, 1907 
(T. D. A. Cockerell) (females), Gn U. S. National Museum 
collection). 
ribesina Cockerell, Florissant, Colorado (Cockerell, 1906a). 
salictarra Robertson, Carlinville, Illinois, April 2-17 (Robert- 
son, 1910). 
sitilhz Viereck, Dallas, Texas (Viereck, 1909). 
verecunda Cresson types (Robertson, 1910). 
Biareolina Dufour. 
neglecta Dufour (Perez, 1886; Pierce, 1909). 


Family PANURGIDA. 


Panurginus Nylander. 
boyler Cockerell, Las Vegas, New Mexico, August 3 (W. Porter) 
(female), (Crawfordia cockerelli Pierce), (Pierce, 1909). 
Pseudopanurgus Cockerell. 
labrosiformis Robertson, Carlinville, Illinois, August 3 (Robert- 
son, 1910), (female). 
labrosus Robertson, Carlinville, Illinois, July 3 (Robertson, 1910), 
(female) (Crawfordia labrosi Pierce). 


510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


rudbeckiz Robertson, Carlinville, Illinois, August 1, 29 (Robert-_ 
son, 1910), (female) (Crawfordia rudbeckie Pierce). 
solidaginis Robertson, Carlinville, Hlinois, August 11, 12 (Rob-— 
ertson, 1910), (female). | 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


Brues, CHartes THomas (Reviewer)— 
*1910. A monographic revision of the twisted winged insects comprising the — 
order Strepsiptera Kirby, by W. Dwight Pierce. Psyche, vol. 17, 
pp. 81-82. 
CocKERELL, THEODORE D. A.— 
1906a. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 22, pp. 433-434. 
19066. Psyche, vol. 13, p. 35. 
GLOVER, TOWNEND— 

*1878. Illustrations of North American Entomology, pl. D, fig. 24 (Stylops chil- 
dreni, female); pl. 30, fig. 15 (Stylops sp., male); pl. 44, fig. 15 (Stylops 
childrent, male). | 

HorenEeDErR, Kari— 

*1910a. Mengenilla n. g. Chobautii n. sp., eine neue Strepsiptere aus Nordafrika. 
Berichte d. naturw.-med. Vereins, vol. 31, pp. 33-57, pl., text fig. 

*19106. Stichotrema n. g. Dalla-Torreanum n. sp., eine in einer Orthoptere 
lebende Strepsiptere. Zool. Anz., vol. 36, pp. 47-49, figs. 1, 2, August. 

*1910c. Untersuchungen zur Naturgeschichte der Strepsipteren, von Prof. Dr. 
Nikolai Victorovich Nassonov, aus dem Russischen iibersetzt von 
Alexander y. Sipiagin mit Anmerkungen und einem kritischen Anhang 
iiber einige Ansichten Meinerts betreffs der Anatomie des Weibchens. 
Berichte naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereines in Innsbruck, 
vol. 33, pp. i-vili, 1-206, pls. 6. 

LATREILLE, PrerRRE ANDRE— 
1820. De quelque appendices du thorax de divers insectes (Strepsiptera, Dip- 
tera). Ann. génér des sci. phys. Brux., vol. 6, pp. 332-349, also in 
Mem. du Mus. d’Hist. Nat., 1821, vol. 7, pp. 1-21. 
MAXxwe.ti-Lerroy, H., and F. M. HowLerr— 
*1909. A Manual of the Insects of the Plains (Tropical India) pp. 395-6. 
MotscHutsky, VICTOR DE— 

*1853. Etudes Entomologiques. 1852. Helsingfors. p.19. Motschulsky de- 
scribes Liposcelis brunneus and places it and his genus Paradoxenus to 
form a group Paradoxides near Stylops. It is sufficient to say that he 
did not have Strepsiptera before him. 

Nassonoy, Nikouat VIkKTOROVICH— 

1910. See Hofeneder 1910c. 
Nurse, Lr. Cou. C. G.— 

1909. Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., pp. 510-517. Records parasitization of 

Tachytes spp. from India, This material is herewith studied. 
ROBERTSON, CHARLES— 
*1910. Hosts of Strepsiptera. Can. Ent., vol. 42, pp. 323-330. 

Scuouz, Epuarp J. R.— 

*1909. Die Lebensgewohnheiten schlesischen Grabwespen. I. Zeitschr. f. wissen- 
schaftl. Insektenbiologie, vol. 5, pp. 22, 23. 


SIPIAGIN, ALEXANDER V.— 
1910. See Hofeneder 1910c. 


No. 1834. NEW SPECIES OF STREPSIPTERA—PIERCE. 511 


STEPHENS, JAMES FRANCIS— 
Entomology. Supplement. p. 18, pl. 47. Figures Stylops melitiz. 
Stroum, Karr— 
*1910. Die zusammengesetzten Augen der Minnchen von Xenos rossii. Zool. 
Anz., vol. 36, pp. 156-159, figs. 1-3, September 6. 
VIERECK, Henry LorENz— 
*1909. New species of Andrena. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 11, pp. 143-144. 


VoELTzKOW, ALFRED— 
1890, Das Ausland, vol. 63, No. 28, pp. 541-545. This is a correction of the 
reference in Bull. 66, p. 217. 
WHEELER, Witt1AM Morron— 
*1910a. A monographic revision of the twisted winged insects comprising the 
order Strepsiptera Kirby, by W. Dwight Pierce (review), Journ. Econ. 
Ent., vol. 3, pp. 252-253. 
*19106. The effects of parasitic and other kinds of castration in insects. Journ. 
Exper. Zoology, vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 377-395, 418, 431-438, July. 
ZAVATTARI, EpoARDO— 
*1909. Di alcune larve di Strepsitteri, 11 Ruwenzori Scientifiche, vol. 1, 3 pp 


cen yy ie ey Ti ea vet 1 ME Soh 
vie y 
, < thy, N ara SO ns 
mal iia, stderr wane 
> exe Aue} ly a Ato 8 Me, x my ie 
nite hs ov naa Mi oy 
x eS iiceniainien 
pide. ty ¥ 
; e Pn rary 7 
ert sae oy ie PRUE! Te d yh ka ae 
Wtate ee oe a yeh 3 at + ed ans ‘4 
bt BE Ber Di maa MORO 
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¥ * ir . a 
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a ind PINAR Sh ON ores ties 
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ORE NAH 
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: L BB a, GURANG Weare 
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: he Sa sli se tah pie 


THE RELATION OF BORNITE AND CHALCOCITE IN THE 
COPPER ORES OF THE VIRGILINA DISTRICT OF NORTH 
CAROLINA AND VIRGINIA. 


By Francis Baker LAney, 
Of the U. S. Geological Survey. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The copper ores of the Virgilina district consist almost wholly of 
bornite and chalcocite. The level of ground water is from 50 to 75 
feet below the surface, and the zone of secondary alterations does not 
appear to extend below 250 feet. The important mines of the dis- 
trict are from 350 to 500 feet deep, and the ore from the deepest 
levels contains almost as much chalcocite as bornite. If a specimen 
from the upper levels of almost any of these mines be examined in 
detail it will be found to consist of the two minerals in such rela- 
tions that no hesitancy is felt in pronouncing much of the chalcocite 
secondary and more recent than the bornite. If, however, a speci- 
men be taken from the deeper levels the two minerals are seen to be 
so intricately intergrown that no other conclusion than that they are 
genetically contemporaneous seems possible. These facts have led 
some observers, notably L. C. Graton,’ to suppose that chalcocite 
occurs in these mines as a primary mineral. Chalcocite has been 
almost universally regarded as a mineral of secondary origin, 1. e., 
derived from some leaner copper-bearing sulphide. Its manner of 
occurrence as heretofore observed left little doubt as to its secondary 
nature, and there grew up a belief that the minerai is always second- 
ary. The chalcocite of the Virgilina district therefore appeared to 
offer an exception to the generally accepted conclusion, and with the 
hope of throwing some light upon the genesis of this mineral, an 
extended microscopical examination of these ores was undertaken. 

The field work upon which this investigation is based was done 
while the writer was employed by the Geological Surveys of North 
Carolina and Virginia, and a detailed report on the geology of the 
district is now being prepared. The U.S. National Museum fur- 


1U. 8S. Geol. Survey, Min. Res. 1907, Pt. 1, p. 620. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No. 1835. 
80796°—Proc.N.M.vol 40—11——33 5138 


} 
514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 400m 


nished a metallographic microscope und equipped it with an improved 
lighting device especially for this work, and the photomicrographs 
illustrating the paper were made in the photographic laboratory of 
the Museum by Thomas W. Smillie. 

The specimens herein described are the property of the U. S. 
National Museum. 


GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY. 


Before entering upon a description of the ores a brief sketch of the 
geology of the district will be given. / 
Location.—The Virgilina copper district is located near the eastern 
border of the Piedmont Plateau in Person and Granville counties, 
North Carolina, and Halifax and Charlotte counties, Virginia, each 
State including approximately one-half of the ore-bearing area. It 
takes its name from the village of Virgilina, a station on the Southern 
Railway situated on the State line near the center of the district, and | 
about 160 miles west of Norfolk and 45 miles east of Danville. The | 
most important ore deposits occur on two approximately parallel — 
flat-topped, though somewhat conspicuous, ridges which trend from 
15 to 20° east of north, and which have very gradual slopes. The 
maximum elevation is at Virgilina, 540 feet above sea level. The 
relief is not pronounced, varying from about 300 feet up to the maxi- | 
mum, above stated, but the country is decidedly hilly. Rainfall is — 
rather heavy, especially during the winter and spring, and streams are 

numerous. 

Geology.—The rocks of the district are highly schistose, and are 
popularly known as slates. They are of two distinct types—green- 
stone schists, and quartzose sericitic schists or gneisses. Into these 
schistose rocks have been intruded large masses of granite, and less 
important bodies of more basic material, probably gabbro. Also 
here and there throughout the area occur small diabase dikes. The 
intrusive rocks are not schistose, but are closely jointed. 

A close examination of these schists reveals their character—a | 
great series of volcano-sedimentary rocks of two types—a basic rock, 
andesite, and one highly acid in character, a quartz porphyry. Of the 
andesite there are three types—porphyritic, amygdaloidal, and tuf- 
faceous, and of the quartz porphyry only two—porphyritic and tuffa- 
ceous. Closely associated with the greenstone schists and grading 
directly into them, are heavy beds of highly schistose greenish rocks 
differing from the tuffaceous portions of the andesite only in that | 
they contain varying amounts of land waste intermixed with the 
basic voleanic material. These range from fairly well-marked sand- 
stone and fine conglomerate on the one hand to typical andesitic tuffs 
entirely free from terrigenous material on the other. The relative 
position of these two phases of the greenstone indicates that at the 


No. 1835. RELATION OF BORNITE AND CHALCOCITE—LANEY. 515 


beginning of the volcanic activity there was a period when the vol- 
canic material was not equal to the land waste, and thus were depos- 
ited beds of sandstone and conglomerate with only a small amount of 
volcanic ash. As the activity increased, the amount of land material 
grew proportionately less and less, until at the time of maximum vul- 
canism it became nothing, and the normal volcanic beds were formed. 
As this activity began to diminish, the former conditions began to 
reassert themselves, and the beds deposited consisted to a greater or 
less extent of land waste. The following is a somewhat idealized 
cross-section through the middle of the district at right angles to the 
schistosity. This section is approximately that exposed along the 
Southern Railway from a point about ten miles west to about eight 
miles east of Virgilina. 

The andesitic tuff passes by regular gradation into the sandy and 
conglomerate rock, so that in the field even where exposures are the 
best it is not possible to draw a sharp boundary line between the two. 


PAAR IA 
AAS AGIA TA Ne ACA 
TES a f& AA 


A 


~ ved%mentary beds, landwaste 
“il sa Terralxed //7 vary/ng pPro- 


SMH . 


a 1% S1i1cq &Hornblende Gress. 
vie id 


portions with Baste VO/CaNIC 
rnaterial Fighly schistose 


| Qverte paphyry. 7uitaceous| 3% Andesite and andes! tic 


ot Himes Highly schistose! tulf. Shistose. 


CROSS-SECTION OF VIRGILINA DISTRICT AT RIGHT ANGLES TO THE STRIKE OF THE SCHISTOSITY, 
APPROXIMATELY ALONG THE SOUTHERN RAILWAY. 


It is possible that the sandy beds may have been formed from the 
rapid erosion of unconsolidated volcanic ash beds as well as by the 
commingling of similar material with land waste at the time of erup- 
tion. Thus in either case it is clear that with an increase of the 
volcanic material the resulting rock would more nearly approach the 
true basic tuffs, while with a decrease of this it would approximate 
more nearly a normal sediment—a conglomerate, sandstone, or shale 
as the case might be. 

The andesite and the andesitic tuff, especially the former, are the 
most massive of the older rocks of the region. The andesite is of two 
types, porphyritic and amygdaloidal, both of which are mashed and 
decidedly schistose. The amygdaloidal phase is not abundant, and 
is usually so highly metamorphosed that it is easily confused with the 
tuffaceous phase. All the ore deposits thus far developed, and in 
fact all the prospects as far as known at present, with a very few 
exceptions, are located in the andesite or the andesitic tuff. 


516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40, _ 


1 
Ps 


The quartz porphyry is, for the most part, especially on the western | 4 
side of the area, a ty meal rock of its kind, but much mashed and — 
highly schistose. The phenocrysts are leneoly of feldspar, with a_ 

variable and usually an inferior amount of quartz. The basal andl 
the upper, and at times other portions of this rock, are to a greater or 
less extent tuffaceous. This is especially true of the eastern area, 
where by far the greater portion is probably a very fine tuff. No. 
workable ore deposits have been found in this rock. 

The age of these rocks is not known; they have generally been 
regarded as pre-Cambrian. They appear to be somewhat similar to — 
tuffaceous rocks intimately associated with the slate deposits lying 
northeast of the Virgilina district. These slates have recently been 
described by Watson! and Powell and shown to be early Paleozoic. | 
It is believed that further study may determine the volcano-sedi-— 
mentary rocks of this district to be of the same age. 

Granite—This is the youngest intrusive rock of the region except | 
the diabase dikes, and is also the most important. ‘Three prominent 
areas of it are included within the district, one in the southwest corner 
near Mill Creek post office, North Carolina, and another in the east-_ 
central portion at and sumomndine Buffalo Lithia Springs, and the — 
third and largest one, northwest of Redoak post office, Virginia. 
This area of granite extends almost across the region of volcano- 
sedimentary rocks and cuts out the ore-bearing horizon for a distance 
of 4 or 5 miles. It is apparently massive, and therefore shows 
nothing of the prominent schistosity of the other rocks. In all the 
occurrences it is a rather coarsely granular, highly quartzose rock, 
and in places, especially at Buffalo Lithia Springs, it is decidedly 
porphyritic. Like all the other granites of the southeastern United 
States, it contains a large amount of plagioclase in proportion to the 
orthoclase, and shows well its quartz-monzonitic character. This 
rock is of especial interest since all the field evidenc2 obtainable 
points toward the conclusion that it is the source of the ores, and that | 
they and the veins are closely connected genetically with its intrusion. 
In this relation it is further considered in the paragraphs relating to | 
the origin of the ores. | 

Siructure.—From the cross section above given, what the writer | 
considers a probable structure of the district is readily seen, that of 
a closely compressed syncline, the axis of which has a strike of from 
10 to 30° east of north, and which is inclined so that it has approxi- 
mately the same dip as the schistosity—from 70 to 80° toward the 
southeast. It is believed that at the beginning of the formation of 
the series there was a great outpouring of acid lava—the quartz por- 
phyry upon the mica and hornblende gneiss as a basement. This 


1Thos. L. Watsonand 8. L. Powell. Fossil evidence of the age of the Virginia Piedmont slates. Amer. 
Tourn. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 31, 1911, pp. 33-44, 


no. 1835. RELATION OF BORNITE AND CHALCOCITE—LANEY. 517 


was followed by a period of quiescence, marking the beginning of the 

outpouring of the basic lava—the andesite. During this time the 
regular agencies of erosion were active, and the results were the beds 
of land-waste intermixed with basic volcanic ash. The vulcanism 
increased, and there followed the great beds of andesite and andesitic 
tuff. Finally the activity decreased and a period similar to that at 
the beginning of the basic activity followed, and during this time the 
upper beds of sandy tuff were formed. This marked the close of the 
volcanic activity as far as any record in the rocks goes. Following 
this the beds were complexly folded, much mashed, and the present 
schistosity largely developed. This was followed, probably after a 
long period, by the intrusion, first of the gabbro, later of the granite, 
and then, as phenomena concomitant with the coming in of the 
granites, the fracturing of the greenstone schists and the formation 
of the veins and the development of the ores. 


VEINS AND ORES. 


Veins.—The veins are composed dominantly of quartz with locally 
a considerable amount of epidote and calcite. (See pl. 63.) In width 
they vary from small stringers not more than a few inches up to 15 or 
20 feet. They always have well-defined walls and are probably true 
fissure veins. As is always the case with such veins, these present 
many irregularities, most prominent of which are the numerous pinches 
and swells, both horizontally and vertically. In places they are 
reduced to little more than a mere stringer of quartz between two well- 
marked walls, while again they may locally swell out. to several times 
their average thickness. In length they range from a few hundred 
yards to 4 or even 5 miles, and in many instances may be traced these 
distances by actual outcrop or by abundant quartz débris in the soil. 
Vertically they are also continuous, and aside from the irregularities 
in width they are as well defined in the bottom of the deepest shafts 
as at the surface. The size of the vein and the prominence of the 
outcrop form no criteria as to the richness of the mineralization. 
Otten the richest ore bodies have been found under a very insignificant 
outcrop, and as often the strongest exposure at the surface is barren 
or very lean. The average strike of the veins is more northerly than 
the schistosity of rocks in which they occur, and while at times they 
follow the schistosity for short distances their average strike inter- 
sects it at acute angles. The fractures in which the veins have formed 
are therefore regarded as having been made subsequent to the devel- 
opment of the schistosity in the country rock. ‘The ore is not evenly 
distributed throughout the veins, but is concentrated locally into 
definite ore shoots. These present the usual irregularities and as a 
rule appear to have a slight southerly pitch in the vein. 


518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40, 


Ores.—Though apparently preferring the quartz, the ore is so 
intimately associated with all the gangue material as to make it almost 
certain that all were deposited contemporaneously. (See pl. 64.) The 
copper-bearing minerals are bornite and chalcocite, with the oxidized 
products derived from them. Chalcopyriteis present in such small and 
varying amounts that unless careful search is made it will not be found 
at all, and it is apparently no more abundant in one portion of a mine 
than in another. Certainly there is no increase with depth in the 
amount of this mineral. In fact the mine which shows it most abun- 
dantly is only about 150 feet deep, and here it was as abundant in the 
first sulphides encountered as in those in the bottom of the shaft. In 
two of the deepest mines—the Holloway, 450 feet in depth, and the 
Durgy, about 400 feet—it is so rare that one can hardly find it. 

Chalcocite occurs in two very distinct relations with the bornite; 
secondary to and filling fractures in the bornite, and intergrown, 
sometimes clearly crystallographically, with it. Bornite is the most 
important mineral in all the mines in the district except the Holloway, 
in which it is subordinate to chalcocite. It appears, too, from even 
a casual observation of the ores that there has been considerable 
shattering since their original deposition. This is especially promi- 
nent in the ore from the Seaboard mine, which furnishes the purest 
bornite in the district. In the fractures in the bornite from this 
mine, be they ever so minute, are developed veinlets of chalcocite, 
which penetrate the bornite in all directions, and vary in size from 
the finest line, often not visible to the unaided eye, but perfectly 
clear under the microscope (pl. 67, fig. 1), up to areas a quarter of 
an inch in diameter (see pls. 65 and 66). In the center of many of 
these chalcocite-filled fractures are films of quartz which evidently 
mark the original fracture in which the chalcocite began to develop, 
thus showing that at the beginning of or prior to the development of 
the chalcocite, there were solutions carrying considerable quartz. In 
the interior of some of the largest quartz veinlets thus formed there 
occur particles of chalcocite so related to each other as to indicate a 
erowth of the quartz since the beginning of the deposition of the 
secondary chalcocite (see pl. 66). Also in a few instances the vein 
of chaleocite when deeply etched presents a kind of spongy skeleton 
of quartz appearing as if quartz and chalcocite were deposited sim- 
ultaneously. The boundary between these veinlets of chalcocite 
and the bornite is exceedingly irregular, usually presenting a 
somewhat feathery outline, though always perfectly distinct and 
clear-cut. There is absolutely no gradation of one into the other. 
There is certainly a growth of the chalcocite, but how it takes 
place is not made clear by the microscopic study of the veinlets. 
It appears, however, that it takes place at the periphery of the 


no. 1835. RELATION OF BORNITE AND CHALCOCITE—LANEY. 519 


et 


material already deposited, but the chemistry of the process has 
not been worked out. Where fractures of two periods are present, 
both are often filled with chalcocite, that in the younger fractures 
cutting across the veinlets in the older ones. Fractures also occur 
in the intergrown chalcocite and bornite, and in such instances the 
secondary veinlets cut across both the primary chalcocite and the 
bornite. The relation of the two minerals to each other in the case 
in hand leaves no doubt as to the secondary nature of the chalcocite. 
This type of chalcocite, as far as observations have extended, is con- 
fined to the upper portions of the veins and was not found in sections 
of ore from the deeper mines. It was found, however, in the upper 
portions of all mines from which sections were examined, and in many 
instances a single section would show excellent examples of both 
types of chalcocite. (See pl. 68, fig. 1.) 

The other type of ore is entirely different. Both minerals are 
present in every section examined, sometimes the bornite predomi- 
nating, and at others the chalcocite. They are intimately associated 
with each other, but each has its own definite boundaries, cleavage, 
and other physical properties, with absolutely no indications that one 
is secondary to or derived from the other. In a number of sections 
the chalcocite predominated over the bornite, and in such instances 
the indications seemed to be that the bornite was the first to crys- 
tallize. It occurs in irregular areas, sometimes separated and again 
connected, lying in a larger area of chalcocite. In other instances 
the two are present in approximately equal amounts, and there is 
nothing to indicate that one is older than the other. In other occur- 
rences, as in the ore from the Blue Wing mine, the two minerals are 
present as small areas or erains and in approximately equal propor- 
tions. In these sections the appearance is as if a sponge of bornite 
while growing had been merged with another similar sponge of 
chalcocite, the association being so intimate and so complex that there 
is no way of accounting for it except on the basis of contemporaneous 
deposition (see pl. 67, fig. 2). In the case of the sections in which 
the bornite appears to have been formed earlier than the chalcocite, 
it seems as though when the ores were being deposited, the solutions 
were first saturated, as it were, for bornite, and this mineral began 
to crystallize out, the iron possibly being the determining factor. 
This continued until by a reduction of the bornite molecules in the 
solution, the eutectic point for both bornite and chalcocite was 
reached, and these two minerals crystallized out simultaneously, and 
in many places solidified as crystallographic intergrowths. The 
chalcocite is rather coarsely crystalline, and the etch figures show 
that the larger areas are made up of numerous interlocking grains, 
which stand out distinctly and have no definite crystallographic rela- 


520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, — 


tion to each other. The cleavage, as brought out by the etching, is 
apparently in two directions at right angles to each other, one more 
prominent than the other, one possibly prismatic and the other basal. 

The crystallographic intergrowths are the most interesting and 
also the most conclusive as to the contemporaneous deposition of the 
two minerals. These are by no means rare, having been found more 
or less perfectly developed in ore from all the mines except the 
Seaboard. At a magnification of 40 diameters these areas resemble 
very closely the intergrowths of quartz and feldspar in a micropeg- 
matite. At the highest magnification used, 220 diameters, this 
resemblance is even more pronounced. In these intergrowths the 
minerals present perfectly sharp and clear-cut boundaries, with 
absolutely no indication of gradation of one into the other—bound- 
aries just as sharp as between any minerals in an igneous rock (see 
pl. 68). When an area of such intergrowth was etched deeply 
enough to bring out the two cleavages distinctly (pl. 69, fig. 1) the 
chalcocite proved to be a single grain or crystal, the cleavage lines 
of which could be seen extending from one side of the grain to the 
other, interrupted here and there by the filaments of bornite. This 
type of texture is regarded as proof that the minerals crystallized at 
the eutectic point of a solution, and it is, therefore, conclusive evi- 
dence that in the case in hand bornite and chalcocite were deposited 
contemporaneously. 

It is realized that while these minerals are contemporaneous, they 
both may be secondary after some leaner copper mineral. ‘There are 
certain reasons for suspecting such conditions, the most prominent 
of which is probably the long period of erosion which the region has 
undergone since the ore deposits were formed. This long erosional 
interval would afford time for conditions of oxidation and enrichment 
to penetrate to exceptional depths in the ore bodies. With this idea 
in mind careful observations were made as to the depth of the zone 
of alteration as far as the same could be determined, and the conclu- 
sion is that it rarely if ever extends below 175 or 200 feet, the im- 
permeability of the veins limiting the downward circulation. They 
and their walls are all exceedingly dense and impervious to water, 
and the mines all furnish a surprisingly small amount of water, of 
which by far the greater part comes from the upper 100 feet of the 
vein. As an example of the tightness of the vem, it may be men- 
tioned that when the Blue Wing mine was unwatered about two 
years ago, it was found that the air pressure had held the water 
out of an upraise which had been started from the 266 feet level. 
The vein rocks were so tight that the air could not escape even though 
it was under a pressure of about eight atmospheres. Under such 
conditions as these, circulation of meteoric waters must necessarily 
be at a minimum. This tightness of the vein is characteristic of 


no. 1835. RELATION OF BORNITE AND CHALCOCITE—LANEY. 521 


practically all the ore deposits of the Piedmont and Southern 
Appalachian regions. 

The relations of ore to the gangue, and of the gangue minerals to 
each other are strong evidence against the assumption that the two 
sulphides are secondary minerals. It has been stated before that the 
ore is so complexly and intricately associated with the gangue min- 
erals that no other conclusion than that of contemporaneous deposi- 
tion seems tenable. If chalcocite and bornite of the intergrown type 
are secondary minerals, the whole vein, gangue and all, is secondary. 

The minerals of the deposits, both gangue and ores, as a group, with 
the possible exception of the chalcocite, if they can be said to be char- 
acteristic of any one portion of a mineral vein, would probably be 
typical of the deeper vein zone. These are, so far as has been deter- 
mined, quartz, calcite, epidote, chlorite, specularite, bornite, chalco- 
cite, a very little chalcopyrite, albite, and orthoclase. It must be 
gtated that feldspar of any kind in direct association with the sul- 
phides is rare, but good examples were found at the Seaboard mine, 
where the feldspar is a plagioclase, probably albite; at the Holloway 
mine, where both plagioclase and a pink feldspar, which is appar- 
ently orthoclase, occur; and at the Copper King mine, where the 
feldspar is albite. Feldspars, however, are very abundant in many of 
the veins, especially in lean or barren portions. In such occurrences 
the mineral is generally albite or an acid oligoclase. In certain por- 
tions of the veins at the gold mine near Redbank, Virginia, and Hol- 
loway mine in North Carolina, pink feldspar occurs in association with 
quartz so as to strikingly resemble a pegmatite. This is generally 
not closely associated with the ore, but at times, especially in the Hol- 
loway mine, it carries a small amount of the sulphides. It usually is 
found in barren portions of the vein or as stringers running off from 
the vein into the country rock. 

Origin of the ores.—The origin of these ores is a more difficult ques- 
tion than one might at first suspect, and is as important as difficult. 
The country rock is by far too basic to have afforded the vast amount 
of quartz in the veins. Neither can the underlying quartz porphyry 
be looked to as the source, since this rock is also older than the veins 
and is itself cut by numerous quartz veins similar in allrespects to those 
in the andesite and the andesitic tufi, except that they contain but 
little or no calcite and epidote and probably no copper ores. Some 
source, therefore, outside of and much younger than the country rocks 
must be looked for. The only rock in the region which apparently 
meets the conditions is the granite. This granite is highly quartzose, 
younger than the rocks in which the ore deposits occur, was not in- 


1 Waldemar Lindgren, Relation of ore deposition to physical conditions, Economic Geology, vol. 2, 1907, 
pp. 105-127. 
W.H. Emmons, A genetic classification of minerals, Economic Geology, vol. 3, 1908, pp. 611-627. 


522 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. 


truded until after a strong schistosity had been imposed upon the 
andesitic rocks, and is a type of magma the intrusion of which is 
frequently attended by more or less mineralization in the intruded 
or adjacent rocks. It is also well able to furnish the acidic material 
of the veins, and in its effects upon the intruded rocks, through hydro- 
thermal metamorphism, could very well have been responsible for the 
development of the calcite, epidote, and probably the chlorite. In 
fact, it appears to be the only rock in the region that could have fur- 
nished the feldspars of the veins or have been responsible for the peg- 
matite-like character of certain portions of some of the veins. It is, 
therefore, believed that the deformation attendant upon the intru- 
sion of the granite produced the fractures in which the veins now are, 
and that the filling of these, both gangue and ores, was supplied by 
the granitic magma, and that it came in as a phenomenon attendant 
upon or immediately following the intrusion. 

As to the conditions of the deposition, there is little or no positive 
evidence. Since the ore deposits are confined to the more basic facies 
of the schists, it may be surmised that the basic character of the rock 
was a factor of prime importance in the deposition of the ores. 


SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. 


The rocks of the Virgilina District are greenstone and sericitic 
schists, which in places have been intruded by granite and gabbro. 
The intrusive rocks show none of the schistosity of the other rocks. 
The schists have been derived from a series of volcano-sedimentary 
rocks of two types—andesite and quartz porphyry, with a preponder- 
ating amount of tuffs corresponding to these rock types. Their age 
is probably early Paleozoic. 

The veins are true fissure veins which have a more northerly trend 
than the schistosity of the country rock, and the filling of which is 
quartz—about 70 per cent silica—with local and varying amounts of 
epidote and calcite. The ore-bearing veins are confined to the more 
basic portions of the greenstone schists, and the values lie in well- 
defined ore shoots. 

The ore minerals are bornite and chalcocite. They apparently pre- 
fer the quartz, but are not confined to any one of the gangue minerals. 
Bornite is present in slight excess over chalcocite and is apparently of 
only one period of deposition. Chalcocite is clearly of two periods: 
One confined to the upper portions of the vein, younger than, and fill- 
ing anetwork of minute fractures in, the bornite; the other contempo- 
raneous and intergrown often crystallographically with it. There is 
no evidence that any of the bornite is of secondary origin. It is, 
therefore, clear that in the Virgilina District the greater part of the 
chalcocite is a primary mineral contemporaneous with the bornite 
and in no way derived from it, or from any other copper mineral, by 
processes of secondary alteration. 


no. 1885. RELATION OF BORNITE AND CHALCOOITE—LANEY. 593 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
PLATE 63. 
Fig. 1. Typical vein. Exposed in railroad cut near Christie, Virginia. The irregu- 
larities here shown are exhibited by nearly every vein that has been opened 
in the district. 


2. Outcropping of a large but barren quartz vein near High Hill Mine. Few 
of the vein outcrops are as pronounced as this one. 


PLATE 64. 


Fig. 1. Photograph of a specimen from the Wall mine showing relation of ore and 
quartz. The vein was ‘‘split’’ at the point where this specimen was taken 
and the piece here figured represents the entire width of one portion of the 
vein. 

Dark areas=ore. 

White areas=quartz. 

2. Tracing made from a polished surface of a specimen from the Wall mine show- 

ing the relation of the ore to the quartz. Natural size. 

Black=ore, chalcocite, and bornite. 

White=quartz. 
The relationship here shown is typical of all the mines in the district. The 
ore and gangue appear to be contemporaneous. 


PLATE 65. 


Secondary chalcocite in bornite. X10. Seaboard mine. This photograph shows 
a mass of bornite penetrated in all directions by a mesh or network of chalcocite 
which has formed in minute fractures in the bornite. This is typical of all the 
secondary chalcocite studied, the only difference being the stage of development. 
This one is farther advanced than any of the others shown. The white line in the 
center of many of the chalcocite veinlets is quartz. Running diagonally across the 
specimen is a recent fracture which cuts bornite and the older veins of chalcocite. 
In this chalcocite is also seen to be developing. 


PLATE 66. 


Fig. 1. Secondary chalcocite in bornite. XX 40. Seaboard mine. Similar in all 
respects to section shown in Plate 67, fig. 1, only the development of chalco- 
cite is farther advanced. The same feathery line of contact between the 
two minerals is evident. In the center of the.chalcocite areas are seen films 
of quartz which apparently mark the original fracture in which the chalco- 
cite developed. 

2. Secondary chalcocite in bornite. > 40. Seaboard mine. Similar to fig. 1, 
but shows more clearly the relation of the chalcocite to the bornite. In one 
of the fractures in the bornite there is seen a stringer of quartz, the dark 
area running vertically through the section. On each side of the quartz, 
between it and the bornite, there is a considerable development of chalco- 


cite. 
PLATE 67. 


Fig. 1. Secondary chalcocite in bornite. 40. Seaboard mine. 
Irregular lines=chalcocite. 
Other portion of section=bornite. 

This figure shows an incipient stage of the development of secondary chal- 
cocite in minute fracturesin bornite. The little lines of chalcocite are well 
defined, but present an irregular or ‘‘feathery’’ line of contact with the 
bornite. 


Hod PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Fig. 2. Intergrowth of bornite and chalcocite. X40. 266 feet level, Blue Wing mine, 
Dark areas=bornite. 
Lighter areas=chalcocite. 
‘There does not appear to be any marked crystallographic relationship 
between the two minerals in this section as in those shown in Plate 68. 
The appearance is that of a spongy mass of bornite merged and inter- 
grown with another similar mass of chalcocite. 


PLATE 68. 


Fig. 1. Intergrowth of bornite and chalcocite. < 40. Wall mine. 
Dark areas=bornite. 
Lighter areas=chalcocite. 

A typical example of crystallographic intergrowth of bornite and chalcocite. 
Such intergrowths are believed to form only at the eutectic point of a 
solution and are strong evidence that the two minerals were deposited 
contemporaneously. 

. Crystallographic intergrowth of bornite and chalcocite. < 220. Wail mine. 
Dark areas=bornite. 
Lighter areas=chalcocite. 

This is an area of the finely intergrown portion of the section shown in fig. 1, 
highly magnified, and shows that the relationship of the two minerals is 
a typical crystallographic intergrowth. 


bo 


Prate 69. 


Hig. 1. Intergrowth of bornite and chalcocite. > 220. Wall mine. 
Stippled areas=bornite. 
White areas=chalcocite. 

This is a deeply etched section of the two minerals and shows clearly by the 
etch figure, the lines at right angles to each other in the chalcocite, that 
the portion of this mineral here seen is a part of a single individual crys- 
tal, and also brings out the crystallographic relations of these two minerals. 

. Intergrowth of bornite and chalcocite. X 40. High Hill mine. 
Stippled areas=bornite. 
White areas=chalcocite. 

The peculiar lines in the chalcocite areas are the etch figures and show the 

coarsely granular condition of this mineral. 


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“LOIWLSIGQ VNITISHYIA SHL SO SNISA WOldAL 


WNASNW IVNOILVN ‘Ss ‘Nn 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 64 


ORE IN QUARTZ, WALL MINE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 523. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 65 


SECONDARY CHALCOCITE IN BORNITE SEABOARD MINE. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 523. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 66 


SECONDARY CHALCOCITE IN BORNITE, SEABOARD MINE 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 523. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 67 


SECONDARY CHALCOCITE AND BORNITE, SEABOARD MINE. 


INTERGROWTH OF BORNITE AND CHALCOCITE, BLUE WING MINE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 523 AND 524. 


U. S NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 68 


CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC INTERGROWTH OF BORNITE AND 
CHALCOCITE, WALL MINE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 524. 


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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 69 


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INTERGROWTH OF BORNITE AND CHALCOCITE. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 524. 


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_ DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF FISHES 
FROM JAPAN AND THE RIU KIU ISLANDS. 


JOHN OTTERBEIN SNYDER, 
Of Stanford University, California. 


This paper contains descriptions of 3 new genera and 23 new 


species of fishes from Japan and the Riu Kiu Islands. They were 
collected during the explorations of the United States Bureau of 


Fisheries steamer Albatross in the north Pacific Ocean and along 
the shores of Japan, in 1906. 


Family SYNGNATHID. 
MICROPHIS EXTENSUS, new species. 


This species is closely related to MM. pleurotenia of Hawaii. ‘Two 


examples of the latter agree with Giinther’s description of the species 


[ 


and differ from Microphis extensus in both color and form. The 


_ Hawaiian species has the light bands very broad, thus confining the 


hight area on the side of the body to the dorsolateral row of plates, 


and almost eliminating it from the breast and abdomen. The caudal 


‘fin is without spots, having a dusky center and an indefinite, broad, 


7 
i 


light edge. The ridges of the snout are smoother and the body is 


considerably broader and heavier. The caudal fin is much less acute. 
There are 24 to 25 dorsal rays in WM. pleuroteema, while M. extensus 


| 


has 21 or 22. 
Head 4.5 in length measured to base of caudal fin; depth 3.5 in 


, as Sa ae Bilal peduncle 7.5; snout 2; eye 4; interorbital space 


by 


iD. 22; A. 4; rings 19+15. 
ec de denticulated ridges extend from snout to inter- 
orbital space; a dorsolateral denticulated ridge from tip of snout to 


orbital rim, which is also serrated; upper edge of opercle with a 
strong ridge from which many striz radiate. Osseus rings of body 
'with strong keels at the angles which have spines posteriorly, the 


spines growing larger on the tail; plates with only a trace of a median 
keel. Dorsal located on seven rings beginning with the sixteenth, 
Caudal fin pointed, the length contained about 1.4 times in the head. 
Pectoral broadly rounded, about 2 in snout; rays, 18. 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1836. 


526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40, 


Color in alcohol deep brown; a white stripe extending along back 
from tip of snout to base of caudal; chin with a white spot; throat, 
breast, and abdomen with a broad, white stripe, which is divided by 
a dark median area of the body color; caudal fin with two large, oval, 
white spots on its basal third and with two narrow stripes beyond 
these. 

In life the color is deep purple, the light stripes being brilliant, 
orange red. The caudal is dark reddish brown, with bright orange 
spots; the edge of the fin white. 

This description is of the type, Cat. No. 68226, U.S.N.M., a female 
specimen 47 mm. long from Naha, Okinawa. Cotype, No. 21418, 
Stanford University collection. 

The brood pouch of the male extends over fourteen osseus rings. 
It is connected with the anal opening by a furrow, the edges of which 
rise and merge into those of the brood pouch two rings in advance. 
There is a median keel on the breast anterior to the pouch. 

Five specimens were secured measuring 28 to 48 mm. in length. 
In swimming the movements are slow, the caudal is broadly expanded, 
and the brilliant colors stand out in bold contrast against the gray 
coral rocks of the pools. 


CORYTHROICHTHYS QUINQUARIUS, new species. 


Head 7.7 in length to base of caudal; depth 2.7 in head; snout 2; 
eye 9; interorbital width 12; D. 28; A. 4; rings 16438. 

The head is long and slender, the slope from tip of snout to occiput 
interrupted by only a slight curve over the eyes; body deepest 
about midway between head and origin of dorsal fin. Head without 
spines or serrations; a median crest on upper part of snout, a dor- 
solateral one extending to nostril, a prominent supraorbital crest 


and a low occipital ridge; gill cover with a ridge which passes from | 


orbit to its posterior third; plates of body without spines or keels; 
back flat; abdomen angular. Egg pouch extending over eighteen 
rings and including a little over half the tail. Dorsal fin located on 
six rings. Pectoral rays 17, their length about 5 in head. Anal 
very small, with apparently four rays. Caudal slightly shorter than 
pectoral. 

Color in spirits brownish; upper part of snout, chin, and throat 
whitish; a broad, dark band from snout to eye, several rows of small 
spots along side of snout, and a median dark line running backward 
from chin; opercle with a light stripe extending along and beyond 
the keel, and also a shorter, parallel one below it; sides of body with 
very small, pearly ocelli in quinqunx order, each with a brown dot 
in the center; back and tail variegated with brown and whitish; 
edge of pouch with white, dark-bordered bars; caudal narrowly tipped 
with white. 


No. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDER. 527 


Described from the single specimen, type Cat. No. 68227, U.S.N.M., 
from Tanegashima, Japan; length 123 mm. 


Family RUVETTIDZ. 
JORDANIDIA, new genus. 


This genus is distinguished by the branched lateral line and the 
wholly degenerate ventral fins. 

Body rather elongate and flat; a patch of small scales on posterior 
part of body; lateral line extending from upper edge of gill opening 
to near end of base of soft dorsal, with a branch originating below 
base of fifth dorsal spine, curving downward and backward and 
then passing in a straight line along median part of body to base of 
caudal fin; palatines with teeth; finlets 3, the anterior of which is 
closely apposed to the preceding fin. 

T pye of genus.—J ordanidia raptoria, new species.- 

The genus is named for Dr. David Starr Jordan. 


JORDANIDIA RAPTORIA, new species. 


Head 3.3 in length to base of caudal; depth 5; depth caudal peduncle 
6.5 in head; diameter eye 4; width interorbital space 6.5; length snout 
265 WS VIE 14s AC 12. 

The body is moderately elongate, deepest in the middle, the caudal 
peduncle compressed; head pointed, interorbital area concave, lower 
jaw projecting beyond the upper; maxillary extending slightly beyond 
anterior edge of pupil; eye large and round, midway between tip of 
snout and border of opercle. A single row of teeth on jaws and 
palatines; teeth of jaws large, knife-like, widely spaced; a group of 
three to five greatly enlarged fangs in anterior part of upper jaw; 
two small teeth at symphysis which project upward and backward 
beyond tip of snout. Pseudobranchie large. Gill-rakers numerous, 
minute, unequally developed. 

Lateral line originating at upper edge of gill opening, bifurcating 
beneath base of fifth dorsal spine, the upper branch passing directly 
backward a short distance below base of dorsal and ending below 
base of soft dorsal; lower branch abruptly curving downward and 
extending along middle of body to base of caudal. Posterior part 
of body with small, thin scales which occupy an area of rather indefi- 
nite extent projecting from base of caudal forward as a wedge, the 
tip of which lies on the lateral line; other parts of body and head 
apparently smooth. 

Spinous dorsal inserted just a little behind upper edge of gill open- 
ing and extending to a point opposite the vent; the longest spines 
about equal in length to diameter of eye. First dorsal rays longest, 
about three in head, the others successively shorter. Three finlets 


598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


following the soft dorsal, the first more remote from the second than 
that is from the third and closely apposed to the soft dorsal. Anal 
inserted below soft dorsal, its rays somewhat shorter than those of 
the dorsal; followed by three finlets like those above. Caudal deeply 
forked, the upper lobe somewhat the longer, 1.5 in the head. Pec- 
toral two in head. Ventrals absent, the ends of the small pelvic 
bones almost touching the surface on the median line beneath the 
bases of the pectorals. Vertebrze 31; ceca 7. 

Color in the preservative pale silvery, darker above especially on 
the opercles, upper margin of eye, interorbital space, tip of snout, 
lips, area beneath the maxillary and gill cavity. Spinous dorsal with 
a black spot between first and third spines; edge of fin black; pos- 
terior part of caudal dusky. 

Type.—Cat. No. 68228, U.S.N.M., a specimen from the market at 
Kagoshima, measuring 250 mm. in length. Cotype No. 21419, 
Stanford University collection. 

Other specimens are similar to the type, not showing any marked 
amount of variation. 


Family PEMPHERIDA. 
CATALUFA, new genus. 


This genus is distinguished from others of the family by the small, 
closely apposed, strongly ctenoid scales. It includes C. umbra, new 
species, which may stand as the type, and CO. compressus of the Aus- 
tralian region. 

CATALUFA UMBRA, new species. 


Head 3.5 in length to base of caudal; depth 2.2; depth caudal 
peduncle 3.2 in head; eye 2.2; snout 6.5; maxillary 2; interorbital 
space 3.3; D. V, 12; A. III, 33; scales in lateral line 72. 

Hye very large, circular; interorbital space convex; snout blunt 
and rounded; lower jaw rather sharp at its tip and projecting; max- 
illary extending to point below center of pupil. Edge of preopercle 
covered with scales except on lower portion where it is denticulate, 
the angle being armed with an especially strong spine which projects 
downward and backward; head elsewhere completely scaled except 
on tip of snout and lips. Minute, brush-like teeth on jaws, vomer, 
and palatines. Gillrakers somewhat slender and longer than the 
fringes behind them; 8-21 on the first arch. Pseudobranchie well 
developed. Scales of body small, close set, rather heavy and strongly 
etenoid; extending for a considerable distance out on the base of the 
caudal and forming a high sheath along base of anal where they are 
extremely minute; seventy-two series in a lateral line counting to 
base of caudal from where the pores extend to near the end of tail; 


No. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDER. 529 


eleven rows between origin of dorsal and lateral line; scales of head 
finer than those of body and less rough, a sharp line of demarkation 
between the two passing upward from the opercular opening and 
then curving far forward to a point midway between the eyes, thus 
allowing a sharply outlined, wedge-shaped area of the rougher body 
covering to extend forward over the nape and occiput to the inter- 
orbital area. 

First branched ray of dorsal longest, 4 in the length; base of fin 5 
in the length. Caudal forked, about 4in the length. First anal spine 
short and easily overlooked; third spine strong; about half as long 
as the following ray; although damaged, the anal rays appear to be 
gradually shortened from the first to the last. Pectoral sharply 
rounded, 4 in the length. Ventral spine strong, the fin rounded, 
about 7 in the length. 

Color in spirits rather pale bluish black, the head with a brownish 
tint; fins all dusky except the pectoral which is nearly immaculate; 
ventrals speckled; tips of dorsal, caudal, and anal blackish; base of 
caudal dark. 

The species is represented by but one specimen which was collected 
by Mr. Aoki at Misaki. It measures 160 mm. in length. 

Type.—Cat. No. 68229, U.S.N.M. 


Family SERRANID, 
PSEUDANTHIAS VENATOR, new species. 


One specimen of a Pseudanthias, apparently new, was found in the 
Kagoshima market. It is distinguished by a pearly white bar which 
passes from snout beneath eye to lower edge of base of pectoral, a 
bow-shaped bar of same color extending from base of spinous dorsal 
to posterior end of base of anal, the filamentous fins, size of scales, 
and number of fin rays. 

Head 4.3 in length to base of caudal; depth 2.8; depth caudal 
peduncle 2.2 in head; eye 4; snout 4.3; maxillary 2.1; D. X, 16; 
A. III, 7; scales in lateral series 40; pores in lateral line 44. 

Maxillary without supplemental bone; completely scaled; extend- 
ing to a vertical through posterior border of pupil; the width of pos- 
terior end equal to length of snout. Edge of preopercle denticulate, 
the teeth largest just above the angle. Opercle with two large, flat 
spines, the upper at the angle being the larger. Mouth oblique: 
Lower jaw with a large canine near the symphysis, followed by a 
smaller one halfway back; also a band of minute teeth which narrows 
to a single row posteriorly Upper jaw with a large canine opposite 
and slightly behind the principal one of lower jaw; a second strong 
one entirely within the mouth on inner edge of maxillary, pointing 

80796°—Proc. N. M,vol.40—11——34 


530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


inward and backward; jaw covered with a band of fine teeth. Pseu- 
dobranchie large; gillrakers extremely long and slender, the ventral 
ones equal to diameter of eye; 11—24 on the first arch. 

Curves of lateral line rather closely following the dorsal contour, 
and not abruptly bent at any point. Scales of body ctenoid; 6 rows 
above lateral line at its origin; 2.5 rows between lateral line and 
middle of spinous dorsal; 3.5 between lateral line and middle of soft 
dorsal; 14 between base of anal and lateral line. 


The dorsal spines beyond the third are of about equal length, 3 - 


times in head; rays about 1.9 in head, the last ones somewhat fila- 
mentous; base of soft dorsal with a low sheath of scales. Second and 
third anal spines contained 2.3 in head, the first not half as long; 
middle rays of fin shghtly longer than head. Tips of both dorsal and 
anal extend beyond base of caudal. Caudal lunate, the upper and 
lower rays elongate and filamentous; extreme length of fin contained 
2.5 in distance from tip of snout to base of caudal. Ventral acutely 
pointed; equal in length to caudal, reaching somewhat beyond base of 
third anal spine. Pectoral almost equal in length to head. 


Color in the preservative pinkish with a bluish tinge; three yellow- | 


ish, nearly parallel stripes extending from head backward and disap- — 


pearing just before reaching caudal peduncle; a narrow, pearly white 
stripe extending from tip of snout beneath eye downward to lower 
edge of base of pectoral; a bow-shaped stripe of same color, though 
fainter, passing from middle of base of spinous dorsal downward and 


curving backward along base of anal; median line of abdomen with — 
a dead white stripe; first gill arch with a very narrow, white stripe — 


along base of filaments. . 


Type-—Cat. No. 68230, U.S.N.M., a specimen measuring 118 mm., — 


from Kagoshima. 
Family LUTIANIDZ. 


PLATYINIUS AMOENUS, new species. 


This form resembles P. macrophthalmus of the Atlantic. It is— 


somewhat more slender, has a more pointed snout, and differs in 
color. 

Head 2.2 in the length to base of caudal; depth 2.9; depth caudal 
peduncle 3.2-in head; diameter of eye 3; length snout 3.2; width 
interorbital space 4.8; length maxillary 2.6; D. X, 11; A. III, 8; 
scales lateral line 62; between lateral line and origin of spinous dorsal 
6; between lateral line and origin of anal 14. 

Dorsal outline rather more strongly curved than the ventral. 


Kye very large, located before middle of head, high up, the inter- | 


orbital area extending but little above it; maxillary not quite reach- 
ing a point below middle of eye; interorbital area convex; the skull + 
almost flat, with four ridges, the inner of which are separated by a 


No. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDER. Hod 


rather wide, smooth space. Teeth of each jaw in a narrow, villiform 
band, outside of which is a row of small canines; villiform teeth on the 
palatines and vomer, the latter in a lunate patch; tongue naked. 
Pseudobranchie large; gill-rakers 5-9, the upper ones minute. 

Head with a row of enlarged scales extending downward from 
posterior margin of eye to edge of maxillary; about six rows below 
this on the preopercle; border of preopercle naked, the edge finely 
serrated; opercle and subopercle scaled; occiput with two shields of 
coarse scales; head elsewhere naked; back with sixteen scales between 
occiput and insertion of dorsal; fins naked except the caudal, which 
has minute scales extending almost to the tips of the rays. 

Third and fourth dorsal spines highest, about three in head; middle 
rays scarcely shorter, the posterior one somewhat elongate, the tip 
extending beyond edge of fin. First anal spine half the height of 
second, the latter about a fourth of its length shorter than the third, 
the length of which is contained 3.3 times in the head; anterior ray 
three in head, the others gradually shorter except the last which is 
similar to the last dorsal ray, neither dorsal nor anal reaching base of 
caudal when depressed. Caudal deeply forked, the lobes equal and 
pointed; 3.5inthelength. Pectoral very acutely pointed and slightly 
falcate, its tip extending to a vertical through origin of anal. Ven- 
trals acute, 1.5 1n head. 

Color in spirits yellowish; a dark spot at upper edge of opercle, 
where it covers the lower part of a broken brown band which extends 
over the nape; a somewhat indefinite dark stripe having its origin 
about midway between nape and first dorsal spine extends along 
back below base of dorsal fin; a similar stripe, but less definite, 
extends along the side just above the lateral line to a point below 
end of dorsal, from where it passes upward and ends at base of 
caudal; scales above the pectoral with more or less dusky color. 

The type, Cat. No. 68231, U.S.N.M., is a specimen 260 mm. long, 
from the market at Naha, Okinawa. Another example, somewhat 
smaller but differing in no other way from the type, is in the Stanford 
University collection, cotype No. 21420. 


Family HAXMULID. 


PENTAPUS FORMOSULUS, new species. 


An apparently new species is here described from one specimen 
found in the market at Naha, Okinawa. It resembles P. microdon, 
but it has a deeper body and a much smaller eye. 

Head 3.6 in length to base of caudal; depth 3; depth caudal pe- 
duncle 9.3; eye 4 in head; snout 3; interorbital space 3; D. X, 9; 
A. III, 7; scales in lateral series 45; between lateral line and spinous 
dorsal 2; between lateral line and base of anal 12, 


532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vo, 40. 


Head pointed; mouth small, the maxillary extending to a point 
about midway between posterior nostril and border of eye. Teeth 
weak, in narrow bands on the jaws; the outer row enlarged; four 
small canines on upper jaw, two on the lower; lateral ones of upper 
jaw somewhat heavier than median pair. Edge of suborbital smooth, 
with a spine-like point below center of pupil; preopercle smooth; 
opercle with a small, flat spine. Giull-rakers 5-6 on first arch; re- 
duced to mere knobs. Snout naked; scales of head and body weakly 
ctenoid. 

Third dorsal spine highest, 2.3 in head; the following ones slightly 
shorter; longest rays equal in height to third spine. Third anal spine 
slender, its length about 3 in head. Anal when depressed not 
extending so far posteriorly as the dorsal, neither dorsal nor anal 
reaching beyond middle of caudal peduncle when depressed. Caudal 
deeply cleft; lobes falecate, the upper longer than the lower, about 
2.5 in the length. Pectoral rather acute, 1.3 in head. Outer ray of 
ventral long, reaching anal opening when the fin is depressed. 

Color in spirits brownish yellow, darker above than below. There 
are indications of a broad, light stripe along side of body above base 
of pectoral, and also of a dark spot on opercle. 

Type.—Cat. No. 68247, U.S.N.M., a specimen 222 mm. long, from 
the market at Naha, Okinawa. 


Family SPARID. 
NEMIPTERUS BATHYBIUS, new species. 


Three specimens of a Nemipterus that appears to be undescribed 
were bought in the market at Kagoshima. The width of the sub- 
orbital at the widest part is not over half the diameter of eye, the 
maxillary extends to a point below anterior edge of pupil, there are 
three or four canines on either side of upper jaw, the dorsal fin is fila- 
mentous, the last spine is highest, the upper lobe of the caudal 
faleate, the ventrals extend to the origin of anal, and there are 45 
scales in the lateral line. 

The species appears to be related to Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch,). 
When compared with specimens of the latter from Cavite, NV. bathy- 
bius may be easily distinguished by the narrower preorbital which is 
deeply concave on its ventral edge. 

Head 3.2 in length to base of caudal; depth 3.4; depth caudal 


9 


peduncle 3 in head; eye 3.6; snout 3.2; maxillary 2.6; width inter- 


orbital space 4; D. X, 9; A. ITI, 7; scales in lateral line 45; between | 


lateral line and base of dorsal 3; between lateral line and origin of | 


anal, obliquely downward and backward 9. 


No. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDER. 533 


The interorbital space is convex; the snout rather pointed; sub- 
orbital area narrow, the width contained about 2.2 times in longi- 
tudinal diameter of eye, the ventral edge with a deep and rather abrupt 
concavity near end of maxillary; the concavity together with the 
convex posterior edge giving the suborbital a distinctive form. Edge 
of preopercle smooth except for some very minute denticulations 
at its upper edge. Maxillary extending to anterior edge of pupil. 
Teeth of upper jaw villiform; an enlarged outer row with three or 
four canines on either side anteriorly; lower jaw with two rows of 
comparatively strong teeth anteriorly, a single row of enlarged teeth 
along the sides. Gillrakers short and stubby, 4-9 on the first arch, 
Opercle with three rows of scales. 

Dorsal spines high, rather slender and acute, the membrane not 
incised between their tips; last three spines longest, about 2.4 in 
head; anterior rays equal in height to the preceding spines, the pos- 
terior ones somewhat longer. Second anal spine intermediate in 
height between the first and third, 7.5 in head; last ray 2.3 in head. 
Lower lobe of caudal pointed, 1.3 in head; upper lobe falcate, a little 
over twice as long as lower; edge of caudal deeply emarginate. Ven- 
trals reaching origin of anal. Pectorals acutely pointed, equal in 
length to ventrals. 

In life the body was bright silvery with a pinkish tinge and pearly 
reflections; a narrow lemon-yellow stripe extends from upper edge 
of axil to middle of caudal peduncle, a faint brassy stripe along base 
of dorsal, a wide red stripe above lateral line, lateral line bordered by 
a light stripe with pearly reflections, below which is a brassy stripe 
narrowly bordered by dark pink; head pinkish, the snout purple; 
chin, throat, breast, belly, and lower surface of tail bright lemon 
yellow; dorsal translucent, the edge yellowish orange; vermicula- 
tions of lemon on membrane of fin; caudal bright pink, the filamen- 
tous rays yellow, becoming orange toward tip, upper edge of fin 
orange; anal and ventrals translucent; pectorals pink. 

In spirits the body is rather reddish above, plain silvery below, 
all the bright tints having disappeared and no indication of the stripes 
remaining. 

Type.—Cat. No. 68232, U.S.N.M., a specimen 280 mm. long includ- 
ing the caudal filament. Locality Kagoshima, Japan. 

Two smaller examples, one of which has been placed in the Stan- 
ford University collection, cotype No. 214201, are lke the type 
except that the ventrals are slightly shorter. 

The stomach of each specimen is everted, indicating that it was 
taken in rather deep water. 


534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von, 40. 


Family POMACENTRID. 
ABUDEFDUF RHOMALEUS, new species. 


Head 3.5 in length measured to base of caudal fin; depth 1.8; depth 
caudal peduncle 6; eye 4.2 in head; interorbital space 2.5; snout 3; 
D. XII, 15; A. II, 13; scales in lateral series 24; between lateral line and 
base of dorsal 2; between lateral line and origin of anal 10. 

The body is very deep, the ventral outline much more elevated than 
the dorsal; dorsal contour evenly curved on anterior half; ventral con- 
tour oblique and almost straight from chin to breast and nearly hori- 
zontal from the latter point to anal opening; head short and broad; 
eye very small, the diameter less than length of snout and equal to 
about half the width of interorbital space; mouth very small, oblique, 
the maxillary not reaching much over half way between tip of snout 
and border of eye. Teeth scarcely flattened, small, simple, fixed, 
closely apposed, in a single row. Gillrakers slender, the longest equal 
in length to about half the diameter of eye, 5-15 on first arch. Sub- 
orbital and preopercle with naked, smooth edges. 

Seales weakly ctenoid; snout naked below and in front of nostrils; 
suborbital with one row of scales; preopercle with 3; opercle with 3; 
bases of dorsal, anal, and caudal with large scales above which minute 
ones extend outward on the membranes; lateral line with pores on 18 
scales; each scale of the median row on caudal peduncle with a pit 
near the center. 

Spines and rays of fins very strong; dorsal spines beyond the sixth 
of about equal height, 2 in head; soft dorsal rounded, the middle rays 
highest, reaching almost to middle of caudal when depressed, 1.2 in 
head. Cleft of caudal shallow, the lobes convex, the length equal to 
that of head. Second anal spine 2 in head; the fin rounded, 1.4 in 
head; Pectoral rounded, equal in length to head. Outer ray of 
ventral filamentous, the tip reaching anal opening when the fin is 
depressed. 

Color in spirits, uniform deep brownish black. 

Described from the type Cat. No. 68233, U.S.N.M., a specimen 165 
mm. long, from Naha, Okinawa. Another example, cotype No. 
21422, Stanford University collection, is of equal size and does not 
appear to differ from the type except that there are 13 spines and 16 
rays in the dorsal fin. 


ABUDEFDUF CLARKI, new species. 


Head 3.3 in length to base of caudal; depth 1.7; depth caudal 
peduncle 5.5; eye 2.5 in head; interorbital width 2.5; snout 3; D. XIII; 
A. IT, 13; scales in lateral series 26; between lateral line and origin of 
spinous dorsal 4; between lateral line and origin of anal 9. 


NO. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDER. 535 


Body markedly deep the dorsal and ventral contours evenly 
rounded, the dorsal more elevated than the ventral. Eye large, its 
longitudinal diameter greater than length of snout and about equal 
to distance between orbit and edge of opercle; interorbital area broad 
and convex. Suborbital and preopercle covered with scales, the 
edges smooth. Teeth simple, scarcely compressed, in a single row, 
closely apposed. . Maxillary extending just beyond a vertical through 
anterior edge of pupil. 

Lateral line discontinued beyond middle of soft dorsal; no pores on 
the caudal peduncle, but each scale in the median row with a minute 
pit. Scales of head and body denticulate; bases of dorsal and anal 
with a sheath of scales; membranes of dorsal, caudal, and anal with 
minute scales; snout naked. 

Fourth, fifth, and sixth dorsal spines longest, 1.3 in head; soft 
dorsal and anal elevated, the dorsal rather pointed; height of fins 
about 1.2 in the head. Caudal deeply cleft, the lobes with acute tips. 
Pectoral pointed, its length a little less than that of head. Ventrals 
pointed, the tips filamentous, reaching base of second anal spine. 

Color in spirits deep brown; a narrow, oblique, white band passing 
across body from base of ninth dorsal spine to origin of anal; upper 
edge of pectoral with a black spot which spreads downward and 
becomes diffuse over the base of fin. 

This description is of the type, Cat. No. 68234, U.S.N.M., an example 
70 mm. long from a pool at Tanegashima. Three smaller specimens 
were collected at the same time, one of which is numbered 21423 
cotype, in the Stanford University collection. 

In young individuals the white band is somewhat more distinct, an 
occasional example showing it very sharply outlined, and also fol- 
lowed by a second which is separated from the first by about four 
scales. 

A few young specimens were found in the pools at Misaki. Other 
examples of the species were earlier identified by Jordan and Snyder 
as Chrysiptera melas. They differ from that form in having the light, 
oblique band, the sharply pointed caudal lobes, and the black spot 
at the base of pectoral. For like reasons this species can not be 
identified with Glyphisodon violaceus Brevoort. 

The species is named for Mr. Austin Hobart Clark. 


Family OSTRACIID. 
LACTOPHRYS TRITROPIS, new species. 


This species differs from others known to the Japanese fauna in 
having the carapace three angled. It differs from.O. concatenatus ' 
in the strong spines of the dorsal and lateral ridges. It does not 


1 Bloch, Ichth., pl. 131. 


536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


appear to be identical with any Atlantic form. It has been com- 
pared with the young of O. gibbosus Linnzeus and found to differ in 
that the latter has a four or five angled carapace. 

Carapace distinctly three angled, the greatly elevated dorsal ridge 
surmounted by two distinct, flat spines; two suborbital spines; four 
spines on the lateral ridge, one of which is beneath the eye, one below 
the dorsal, two closely apposed and located on anterior half of ridge; 
ventral surface convex in the middle, the lateral ridges projecting 
rather strongly downward; snout pointed, a slight knob near its tip, 
1.6 times diameter of eye, four in length to base of caudal; carapace 
broadly closed both above and below the tail. D.9; A.9; P. 10; C. 10. 

Color in the preservative, yellowish; each facet of the sides of 
carapace narrowly outlined in black and with a dark center; caudal 
peduncle with a few oblong, dark spots. 

Three specimens from Misaki, measuring about 75 mm. long, show 
no important individual variation. A much smaller specimen from 
the Tokyo market, collected by Prof. K. Otaki, has the spines relatively 
longer and stronger than the others. 

Ty pe.—Cat. No. 68235, U.S.N.M., Misaki, Japan. Cotype, No. 21424, 
Stanford University collection. 


Family SCORPAENIDE. 


SEBASTODES TANAKA, new species. 


A dark colored species of Sebastodes characterized by short gill- 
rakers, concave interorbital space, well-developed preopercular, 
postocular, and tympanic spines, prominent parietal spines and 
ridges, and a very long, naked maxillary is represented by a single 
specimen from Hakodate. 

Head 2.6 in length to base of caudal; depth 2.7; depth caudal 
peduncle 3.4 in head; eye 4.8; snout 4; maxillary 2.2; width inter- 
orbital space 6.1; D. XIII, 13; A. III, 7; pores in lateral line 34. 

Nasal, preocular, postocular, and tympanic spines present, each 
of which is heavy and high, but not very acute; postocular spine 
preceded by a strong ridge; parietal ridges high, each with a low 
posterior spine; preorbital with a broad, flat, triangular spine; pre- 
opercle with three well-developed spines which are close together and 
directed backward; below these are two low, rounded processes. 
Opercular spines, two, broad and flat, the lower one nearly covered 
with scales. Two humeral spines, the upper of which is short and 
acute, the lower broad and flat, its tip serrated. Eye of moderate 
size, its diameter somewhat greater than width of interorbital space. 
Interorbital area flat, the high spines and ridges above eye making 
it appear concave; a narrow trough in the middle formed by two low 
frontal ridges which diverge somewhat posteriorly, as do also the 


NO. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDER. 5387 


rows of spines and the parietal ridges. Length of maxillary three 
times as great as width of interorbital space, reaching well beyond a 
vertical through posterior edge of orbit. Jaws even, the lower one 
without a prominent symphyseal knob. Teeth very fine; in broad 
patches on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Gillrakers 7 — 14; short and 
rather broad; all but two on the upper arch and four or five on the 
lower being little more than mere rounded knobs. 

Fifth dorsal spine highest, its length contained a little less than 
two times in head; the spines from the third to the seventh but little 
shorter; longest rays about 2.2 in the head, reaching base of caudal 
when depressed. Second anal spine slightly higher than third and 
considerably stronger, its length contained three times in head; 
longest rays 1.8. Pectoral rays 18, half of which are simple; de- 
pressed fin reaching a vertical through anal opening. Ventral spines 
3 in head; rays 13; fin pointed, not reaching anus. Caudal obtusely 
rounded, 1.6 in head. 

Body with scales that are weakly ctenoid, a thick epidermal cov- 
ering causing them to appear smooth; about 15 oblique series above 
lateral line and 45 below; many small supplemental scales, often 10 
or more covering the base of a single large scale. Head crowded 
with small, weakly ctenoid scales which ar2 also supplied with sup- 
plemental scales. Snout and region anterior to preopercular spines, 
preorbital, maxillaries, mandible, chin, throat, and branchiostegal 
region naked. Spinous dorsal naked. Other fins with minute scales 
that extend almost out to the tips of the rays. 

Color in spirits deep, dark brown, obscurely mottled; traces of a 
light band extending along back beneath the dorsal fin. Perito- 
neum inside of mouth and gill chamber light. 

One specimen, type, Cat. No. 68236, U.S.N.M., about 290 mm. 
long, from Hakodate, Japan. 


Family COTTIDA. 


COTTUS NOZAW2&, new species. 


Cottus nozawe is distinguished from other Japanese species of the 
genus by the following combination of characters: Three preopercular 
spines, naked palatines, four ventral rays, and a very short maxillary 
which reaches to anterior border of eye and not beyond anterior 
border of pupil. 

Head 3.2 in length to base of caudal; depth 4.5; depth caudal 
peduncle 3.2 in head; snout 3.2; eye 3.6; interorbital space 7; maxil- 
lary 2.7; D. VIII, 17; A. 13; P. 15; pores in lateral line about 30. 

Body moderately robust, the head short, snout blunt; interorbital 
area and occiput convex; maxillary not quite reaching pupil; anterior 
nostril with a low tube, the posterior one with a scarcely evident rim; 


538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


preopercle with a long, slender, curved spine at its upper edge; two 
smaller spines below this pointing downward and forward; a sharp 
spine on lower edge of opercle; nasal spines not evident, palatines 
naked; vomer with a small patch of weak teeth. Lateral line com- 
plete. Minute prickles covering a small area beneath pectoral; 
other parts of body naked and smooth. Dorsals entirely separate, 
the membrane of spinous dorsal just reaching base of first ray; 
middle spines highest, 3 in head; longest rays about 2.3. Anal rays 
about 2.8; both dorsal and anal falling far short of caudal when 
depressed. Ventral rays I, 4, not reaching vent. Pectorals reaching 
a vertical through base of first anal ray. 

Color light below, clouded with dusky above; four more or less 
definite saddle-like spots on back; two below spinous dorsal and two 
below soft dorsal; a narrow, dark band on base of caudal; rays and 
spines of fins with rows of dark spots. 

Type.—Cat. No. 68237, U.S.N.M., a specimen 85 mm. long, from 
the Ishikari at Sapporo. Cotype, No. 21425, Stanford University 
collection. 

Named for Prof. Sunziro Nozawa. 


MYOXOCEPHALUS YESOENSIS, new gpecies. 


One specimen of a Myozocephalus obtained at Hakodate does not 
appear to belong to a known species. It is characterized by a short, 
robust body without plates or scales except along the lateral line, 
short snout and small eyes, verrucose skin on upper parts of head 
where the ridges are very low, short postorbital and occipital tentacles, 
and two short preopercular spines. An almost colorless chin and 
throat and the short spines distinguishes it from J. stellert, and the 
small eyes alone will prevent it from being confused with MM. nwosus. 
It appears to most closely resemble J. brandii. It has, however, a 
smaller eye, the longitudinal diameter being considerably shorter 
than the snout and equal to the width of interorbital space. The 
upper preopercular spine is shorter and there are no small plates 
below the lateral line. 

Head 2.4 in length to base of caudal; depth 3.5; depth of caudal 
peduncle 5 in head; eye 5.6; snout 3.5; interorbital space 5.6; maxil- 
lary 2.2; D. IX, 13; A. 10; P. 17; pores in lateral line 34. 

Skin on upper parts warty; very short postocular and occipital 
filaments; postocular region with short, digitate ridges, some of 
which approach the median line while others extend backward and 
unite with an uneven, low ridge which extends from posterior border 
of eye, along occiput to nape where it breaks up into minute forks; a 
second ridge parallel with and alittle below the occipital ridge passes 
backward and after one or two interruptions becomes continuous 
with the humeral spine; interorbital stay with a bony surface; upper 


NO. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDER. 539 


parts of opercle with a bony ridge continuous with the short, blunt 
spine; nasal spines short and very sharp; preopercle with three 
spines, the upper of which is somewhat shorter than longitudinal 
diameter of eye, the second not half so long, the third very short, 
blunt, and projecting downward. Interorbital space concave; occipi- 
tal region flat between the ridges; lower jaw included; maxillary 
extending to posterior edge of orbit. 

Skin naked except along lateral line where each pore opens beneath 
a small, concealed scale. Dorsal spines very slender, the longest 
(fourth and fifth) contained about 3.2 times in length of head; tip 
of each with a short villus; longest rays contained about 3.2 times in 
length of head. Anal scarcely higher than spinous dorsal, the rays 
of neither anal nor dorsal reaching base of caudal when depressed. 
Pectoral 1.5 in head; ventrals 2 in head. 

Head clouded with dusky above; a poorly defined dark spot 
extending from eye along snout; a second less evident spot between 
eye and maxillary; lower lip with dusky spots, the chin and throat 
immaculate; back with two indefinite, dark bands which extend 
upward on the spinous dorsal; similar bands below the soft dorsal, 
the posterior part of the last one being definitely outlined, the fin 
with oblique, dusky clouds; anal with three broad, oblique, dark 
bands; posterior half of caudal peduncle and base of anal with a 
sharply outlined cross-band with irregular edges; posterior half of 
caudal with broad, blackish reticulations. 

Type.—Cat. No. 68238, U.S.N.M., measures 175 mm. in length. 
Locality, Hakodate market. 


OCYNECTES MODESTUS, new species. 


This species differs from Ocynectes maschalis in the absence of 
occipital tentacles and in its plain color. Also the snout is more 
pointed, the maxillary shorter, the eye smaller, the body deeper, 
and there is one more ray in the dorsal fin. 

Head 3.4 in the length to base of caudal; depth 3.9; depth of cauda] 
peduncle 9; eye 5 in head; snout 3.5; maxillary 3.2; interorbital space 
4.7; D. IX, 14; A. 11; P. 14; pores in lateral line 35. 

Head and body as in O. maschalis, though slightly deeper, the 
dorsal contour being a little more elevated and the snout more 
pointed. Above each eye is a broad flap, the posterior edge of which 
bears a row of seven or more tentacles, the whole resembling a 
coarse-toothed comb. Nasal spines prominent, embedded in a 
thick, fleshy covering, each with a slender tentacle at its tip; anterior 
nostrils with low rims; posterior nostrils with large tubes located imme- 
diately behind the nasal spines; a low, fleshy ridge extending from 
between nostrils along interorbital area, growing lower and disappear- 
ing at a point between orbital flaps; head otherwise perfectly smooth 


540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


and without tentacles; body perfectly smooth; lateral line complete; 
pores large, the anterior nine with tentacles which are simple, bifid 
or trifid. Preopercular spine long, simple, and with a perceptible 
upward curve. Mouth small; maxillary extending to a vertical 
passing between anterior edge of orbit and pupil. Teeth in broad 
bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines. 

Dorsals separate; outline of spinous dorsal slightly concave, the 
length of highest (anterior) spines contained about 2.3 times in the 
head; all but the last three anal rays large and fleshy, the membrane 
deeply incised between them; height of longest anal rays 2.5 in head; 
last dorsal ray connected by membrane with caudal peduncle, the 
last anal ray free posteriorly; both dorsal and anal falling far short 
of base of caudal when depressed. Tip of pectoral reaching a vertical 
through base of first anal ray when depressed; lower seven pectoral 
rays fleshy, the membrane deeply incised between them; all the rays 
simple. Ventrals 2 in head, not reaching anal opening. Caudal 
rounded; 1.4 in head. 

In spirits the color is almost plain, a faint dusky band being 
suggested below the spinous dorsal, and two similar ones below the 
soft dorsal; tentacles of the lateral line black; orbital flap dusky. 
Spinous dorsal dusky, with two indistinctly outlined light spots; 
soft dorsal with about seven oblique, dusky bars; anal with similar 
bars which are broader and more numerous; upper and lower rays 
of caudal with four or five elongate, dark spots which are faintly 
continued as bars on the fin. Pectorals with narrow, irregular, 
dusky bars. Ventrals immaculate. Head with a narrow, dark line 
curving from tip of snout beneath nostril and passing backward 
below eye; another beginning at posterior margin of eye and extending 
across preopercle to base of spine. 

Type.——Cat. No. 68240, U.S.N.M., from Same, Japan. A cotype, 
No. 21426, Stanford University collection, is like the type in all 
particulars except that there are 15 dorsal rays and no tentacles at 
tips of nasal spines. The cotype is also from Same. 


BERO ZANCLUS, new species. 


This species differs from Bero elegans in having a markedly slender 
body and no multifid tentacles on the head, there being a pair of 
slightly fringed flaps above the eyes and but one pair of small, simple 
tentacles on the occiput. The intromittent organ is much smaller 
and more slender in B. zanclus. 

Head 2.8 in length to base of caudal; depth 5.8; depth of caudal 
peduncle 13.5; eye 4.5 in head; maxillary 2.1; snout 3.9; mterorbital 
space 15; D. TIX, 15; A. 15; P. 15; pores in lateral line 38. 

Body elongate, tapering gradually from head to caudal peduncle; 
snout rather pointed: lower jaw included; eye large, the diameter 
about equal to length of snout; maxillary sariniiine to a point below 


No. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDER. 541 


posterior edge of orbit. Bands of minute teeth on jaws, vomer, 
and palatines. Preopercular spine equal in length to half the 
diameter of eye, broad, very flat, and strongly curved upward, the 
greater part of it concealed beneath the skin; nasal spines well 
developed. Anterior nostril with a long tube; posterior nostril with 
a high rim located behind nasal spine. <A slender tentacle on 
maxillary near its posterior edge; a rather broad, pointed flap above 
upper, posterior margin of eye, and a pair of minute tentacles on 
occiput. Anterior part of lateral line with a row of thirteen small, 
scale-like plates, below which is a row of seven somewhat larger ones, 
* the exposed edges of which are denticulate; head and body smooth 
elsewhere. Four very large mucous pores on each side of lower jaw; 
lateral line with a slight double curve anteriorly, bending downward 
from upper edge of gill opening, and then swinging upward somewhat 
above its general level. Anal papilla slender and pointed, its length 
equal to half the diameter of eye. 

Dorsal fins separate, the spines slender and flexible, the highest 
contained 2.5 times in length of head; highest dorsal rays 2.3 in 
head. Origin of anal below second dorsal ray; highest ray 3 in head. 
Caudal slightly rounded posteriorly, 16 in head. Pectoral pointed, 
the tip reaching a vertical through base of third anal ray. Ventrals 
with two weak rays; 3.3 in head. 

In the preserved specimen the head and body are spotted and 
mottled with dark brown, the pattern being very intricate; dorsals, 
anal, and caudal with broad, oblique, and rather indefinite dark 
bars; pectoral with a dark blotch near its base and three or four 
irregular bars beyond this. 

The species is described from a single specimen measuring 88 min, 
in length, found in the market at Otaru, Japan. 


Type.—Cat. No. 68239, U.S.N.M. 
Family AGONIDL. 


PODOTHECUS XYSTES, new species. 


A specimen of Podothecus collected at Nagaoka, Japan, by Mr. M. 
Nakamura, appears to belong to an unknown species, which is char- 
acterized principally by its long anal fin. It appears to be related to 
P. sturioides (Guichenot), but that form has a shorter anal, ten rays, 
and it also differs in color and other particulars. In many respects this 
species resembles the young of Draciscus, and possibly it should be 
placed in that genus. It differs from D. sacha Jordan and Snyder in 
having a shorter and broader snout, larger eye, fewer barbels, and in 
having fewer dorsal and anal rays. 

Head 3.6 in the length to base of caudal; depth at nape 7.6; snout 
2.2 in head; eye 4.2; interorbital space 4.6; length maxillary 3.5; Dp, 
IX, 9; A. 15; lateral line 41, 


542 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


The depth at the nape is equal to the length of snout; the width of 
head measured between the crests of the subopercular ridges is 
slightly greater than length of snout. The tip of the snout is injured, 
but there appears to have been two terminal spines, each of which is 
followed by a short lateral spine, and these in turn followed by a 
series of very narrow, slightly diverging, rugose ridges, several of 
which converge and unite at the bases of a pair of closely apposed 
spines, which are a little nearer eye than tip of snout. Other ridges 
pass backward and end just above the tubular nostril, while others 
more ventrally located pass backward along the edges of lower 
jaw. Orbital crest arched somewhat above contour of head, with a 
strong spine on its upper posterior part; interorbital space broadly 
concave; the lateral ridges well separated. Occiput with two par- 
allel crests, each ending in a high, flat spine which is similar to the 
succeeding ones on the nape and body; surface of the occipital region 
between the crests concave and smooth. On the orbital margin, 
below and posterior to the larger spine is a smaller spine marking the 
anterior end of a curved ridge which passes backward and ends at a 
point directly above gill opening. Lower rim of orbit with a row of 
fine denticulations. Side of snout with a prominent ridge ending in a 
spine below posterior margin of pupil; a small spine on snout above 
the ridge. Lower border of preopercle with a pronounced ridge; sub- 
opercle with two ridges, the upper much higher and sharper, both end- 
ing in flat, blunt spines. Mouth broad, the maxillary extending to a 
point beneath anterior margin of eye. A group of four or five barbels 
on each side beneath tip of snout; posterior edge of maxillary with a 
group of about ten barbels, the posterior pair of which are much 
longer than the others; lower lip with a pair of small barbels near the 
middle on each side; none at the symphysis. Each angle of the body 
armed with a row of strong spines as is usual in the genus. Plates 
with radial striz. 

Spinous dorsal inserted just behind the fourth row of dorsal plates, 
the base including the membrane extending over ten of them; one 
row between the spinous and soft dorsal; soft dorsal located on twelve 
rows. First dorsal spine highest, 2.5 in the head; the others gradu- 
ated in length to the last which about equals the diameter of pupil; 
longest (first) dorsal ray 2 in head. Origin of anal just posterior to a 
vertical through base of last dorsal spine; the middle rays longest, 2 
in head. Caudal 1.7 in head, the margin slightly concave. Upper 
pectoral rays longest, 1.25 in head; the succeeding rays shorter until 
the fourth from below which is elongate, the following 3 in turn 
growing shorter; the 5 lower rays somewhat thickened, the membrane 
deeply scalloped between their tips. Ventral rays 2, their length con- 
tained 3.3 in the head, 


s 


No. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDER. 543 


Snout with a black bar on each side extending from tip to eye; tip 
of snout black beneath; three indefinitely outlined dark blotches on 
opercular region; a dark, transverse bar on occiput including the spines 
and extending to the lateral ridge; a similar bar on nape crossing the 
second row of body rings; body with a number of elongate, blackish 
spots located mostly above the lateral line; basal region of pectoral 
with an oval, black spot; axil of fin dusky; dorsals and caudal bor- 
dered with blackish. 

Type.—Cat. No. 20702, Stanford University collection, a specimen 
measuring 190 mm. long from Nagaoka, Japan. Mr. M. Nakamura, 
collector. 


Family TRIGLID. 
LEPIDOTRIGLA KISHINOUDYI, new species. 


This species is characterized by the possession of a rather long, 
emarginate, armed snout, unmarked dorsal with evenly graduated 
spines, moderately long, free pectoral rays, and a dark colored pec- 
toral fin with elongate white spots. 

Head measured to edge of opercle 2.9 in length to base of dorsal; 
depth 4.1; depth caudal peduncle 5.5 in head; snout (eye to base of 
spine) 2.2; eye 3.4; interorbital space 4.8; D. IX, 13; A. 15; scales 
in lateral series about 60. 

From the median line outward the edge of the snout grows more 
serrate to the large spine at the angle, the length of which is con- 
tained three times in the width of the interorbital space. Upper 
outline of snout almost straight; somewhat concave in one example; 
interorbital area deeply concave; two supraorbital, one opercular, 
one occipital and one scapular spine present; plates of head rugose, 
a little rougher than in allied species; a furrow behind eye which 
does not extend across occiput; No teeth on vomer and palatines. 
Seven slender gillrakers present on lower limb of first arch. 

Third dorsal spine slightly longer than second, 1.8 in head; its 
tip and those of succeeding ones reaching an equal distance (origin 
of soft dorsal) posteriorly when depressed; anterior edges of spines 
serrated, the median row of serrations strongest on first spine; 
longest dorsal rays 2.5 in head. Edge of caudal concave; length of 
fin 1.4 in head. Tips of anal and dorsal rays reaching an equal dis- 
tance posteriorly when depressed. Pectorals reaching an eye’s 
diameter beyond origin of anal; longest detached ray falling short 
of tip of ventral a distance equal to one-third the diameter of 
eye. Ventrals reaching base of third anal ray. Dorsal fins inserted 
in a groove each edge of which is bordered by a row of spinous 
scales, those along base of soft dorsal being stronger and sharply 
pointed. Other scales of body heavy and roughly ctenoid. 


544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. 


Alcoholic specimens have the throat, breast, and outer or anterior 
surface of pectorals, except the tips, dead white; inner surface of 
pectorals dusky, the color not extending over the lower attached 
rays, which are white; lower half of fin dense black with elongate, 
white spots; rays white near tip of fin. Caudal with two indistinct, 
vertical, dusky bands. 

Type.—Cat. No. 68241, U.S.N.M., a specimen measuring 98 mm. 
in length, from Kagoshima. Two other specimens, one of which is 
deposited in the Stanford University collection, cotype, No. 21427, 
are from the same locality and do not differ from the type. 

The species is named for Dr. K. Kishinouye. 


Family GOBITD. 
CLARIGER EXILIS, new species. 


This species differs from Clariger cosmurus in having the body 
more extensively scaled, the scales extending forward over an angular 
region to or beyond the base of spinous dorsal. The body is more 
slender and the dark lateral stripe is broader, extending downward 
and almost covering the sides of the body. 

Head 4 in length to base of caudal; depth 8; depth caudal pedun- 
cle 8.5; eye 6 in head; snout 3.6; interorbital space 5.5; D. III, 11; 
As Mike: PS, 

The head is broad, much wider than the body and considerably 
depressed; snout short, the eyes located far forward and directed 
obliquely upward; interorbital space flat; mouth broad, the cleft 
extending backward to a point beneath pupil; lower jaw projecting 
somewhat; tongue broad and deeply notched anteriorly. Teeth in 
narrow bands on the jaws; a well defined outer and inner row of 
enlarged teeth on the upper jaw; an inner row of slightly enlarged 
teeth on the lower jaw, the teeth increasing in size posteriorly, the 
last on each side separated from-the others and considerably enlarged. 
Vomer and palatines naked. Gill clefts restricted to the sides, the 
openings somewhat broader than the base of pectorals. The skin 
of the head is full and wrinkled about the snout and chin; a row of 
four or five fleshy barbels below eye; a pair of broad, short flaps at 
the symphysis. 

Head and greater part of body naked; caudal peduncle com- 
pletely scaled except on the upper and lower edges, the scaled area 
extending forward in an irregular patch, the point of which reaches to 
or beyond a vertical through the spinous dorsal. Spinous dorsal 
short and low, the first spine inserted about midway between occiput 
and origin of soft dorsal; the first two spines closely apposed; the 
entire fin very frail. Bases of soft dorsal and anal of about equal 
length, the membranes rather thin and the rays frail; no membrane 


No. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDER. 545 


posterior to the last ray. Caudal broadly rounded. Pectoral 
somewhat acutely rounded. Ventrals united; free posteriorly. 

Color much like that of C. cosmurus; the lateral stripe light brown 
and much broader, extending downward so that the entire sides are 
covered; sides with many scattered white spots of various sizes; a 
number of larger ones about equal to diameter. of pupil, located in a 
row near upper edge of dark area; a large light spot on upper and 
also on lower edge of caudal peduncle; upper part of snout, head and 
back whitish; throat and abdomen light; base of pectoral and central 
portion of caudal dark. 

Type.—Cat. No. 68242, U.S.N.M., measuring about 32 mm. in 
length. Locality, Tanegashima, Japan. Cotype No. 21428. Stan- 
ford University collection. Ten specimens from Tanegashima range 
in size from 20 to 32 mm. in length. They were found in the more 
outlying pools and appeared only after the water had been thoroughly 
poisoned. 


Family CALLIONYMIDA. 
DRACULO, new genus. 


In this genus the spinous dorsal is absent; the preopercular spine 
has three or four strong branches or prongs; the lateral line is single. 
The body is broad and flat, skin of head smooth, mouth small, teeth 
in narrow bands, lower lip fringed, gill rakers short and few. 

Type of genus.—Draculo mirabilis, new species. 


DRACULO MIRABILIS, new species. 


Head (tip of snout to end of opercular flap) 2.9 in length to base of 
caudal; depth 6.6; width of body 4.5; length of snout 4.5 in head; 
diameter of eye 5; width interobital space 10; D. 14; A. 13; P. 18. 

The body is broad and flat, the head triangular when viewed from 
above, the tail rather abruptly compressed behind the body; caudal 
peduncle deep; dorsal contour but little curved between tip of snout 
and base of caudal. Skin of head thin and smooth. Anterior nostril 
with a tube or elevated rim. Mouth small, the maxillary not reach- 
ing eye; lower lip with a fringe of long papille. Teeth minute, in 
narrow: bands on the jaws; none on palatines and vomer. Gill 
openings very narrow; pseudo-branchix present, the filaments long; 
gillrakers short and widely spaced, seven on first arch. Preopercle 
with a large, four-pronged spine. Opercular flap extending to base 
of pectoral. A small anal papilla present. 

Lateral line extending from occiput to base of caudal fin; an abrupt 
downward curve occurring near middle of body; with large pores and 
short branches at intervals; a branch passing over caudal peduncle 
and connecting with line on opposite side; a transverse, connecting 

80796°—Proc. N.M. vol, 40— 11——30 


546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


branch extending across occiput; two accessory branches on head, one 
of which is beneath the eye, the other extending downward to edge 
of opercle. 

No spinous dorsal present. Soft dorsal and anal inserted on a ver- 
tical passing just posterior to anal opening and decidedly nearer tip of 
snout than base of caudal; the middle rays of both fins nearly equal 
in height, about three in head; the posterior rays of anal growing 
longer posteriorly so that they reach slightly beyond base of caudal 
when depressed. Caudal pointed, the length contained about 1.5 
times in length of head. Pectoral pointed, 1.25 in head, the tip 
reaching beyond origins of dorsal and anal. Posterior rays of 
ventral longest, two in head. 

In alcohol, pale flesh color, finely marbled and speckled with 
brown; immaculate beneath; dorsal, caudal, and upper pectoral rays 
spotted with brown. 

The species is represented by three specimens measuring 35 mm. 
in length. They were found entangled in a great seine drawn by 
fishermen on the sandy beach near Tomakomai in Hokkaido, at the 
request of Prof. 5. Nozawa. 

Type.—Cat. No. 68243, U.S.N.M. Cotype No. 21429, Stanford 
University collection. 


Family PLEURONECTID. 


HIPPOGLOSSOIDES KATAKUR4Z&, new species. 


This species may be distinguished from H. dubius, H. elassodon, 
and H. hamilton by the more abrupt and higher arch in the lateral 
line, there being six or seven rows of scales between its uppermost 
part and the horizontal; by the deeper body, the dorsal contour 
being accordingly more arched. There are more rays in the dorsal fin 
of K. katakure, it having 90, while the other closely related species 
have not more than 85. The ventral fins of the new species are 
pointed, and the dorsal originates slightly in front of the eye. 

Head 3.8 in length to base of caudal; depth 2.5; depth of caudal 
peduncle 9; eye 4.7 in head; snout 5.5; maxillary 2.5; D. 90; A. 69; 
pores in lateral line 93; transverse series of scales 100. 

Body dextral; dorsal contour rather strongly arched from a point 
above the eye, thus giving the anterior parts a more obtuse appear- 
ance than is common to other Japanese species of the genus. The 
upper eye is placed well in advance of the lower; the interorbital space 
rather broad, with four rows of minute scales at its narrowest part. 
Maxillary extending to a vertical passing midway between posterior 
edge of eye and pupil. Teeth small, slender, in a single row on the 
symphysis, where they are irregularly placed, enlarged and somewhat 
canine-like. Gillrakers long, flat, and rather slender, 3+12 on the 
first arch. Vertebre 41. 


No. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDER. 547 


Seales finely ctenoid except in the abdominal region, where they 
appear to be cycloid; those of blind side somewhat smoother than the 
others. No plates or rough surfaces on head or other parts. . Eyes 
naked. Fin rays with minute scales, the membranes naked. Lateral 
line arched though not abruptly so, the curve being gentle and even, 
about 30 scales long and 7 above a horizontal at its highest part; 
straight from curve to tip of caudal. 

Dorsal inserted on the blind side at a point directly opposite 
anterior edge of orbit, the fin reaching the median line at base of 
third ray; rays highest beyond median part of fin, about 2.3 in the 
head. Anal preceded by a strong spine which protrudes through the 
skin; base of fin extending anteriorly a slight distance beyond that 
of dorsal; highest rays of anal contained 2.3 in head. Caudal 
obtusely rounded, 1.2 in head. Pectoral with 11 rays, the third, 
fourth, and fifth from above, longest; two in head; that of blind side 
with 10 rays, the fifth and sixth longest, 2.3 in the head. Ventrals 
symmetrical, the fifth ray from before longest, 3 in head. 

Color in spirits plain pale brown. 

One specimen, the type, Cat. No. 68244, U.S.N.M., measuring 320 
mm. in length. Locality, Otaru, Japan. 

The type was presented along with specimens of other species by 
Mr. Kenkichi Katakura, for whom the form is named. 


LEPIDOPSETTA MOCHIGAREI, new species. 


Two specimens of a species closely related to Lepidopsetta bilineata 
were collected at Otaru in Hokkaido. They belong to a form which 
evidently represents L. bilineata, but differ in having a much nar- 
rower interorbital width, larger eyes, blunter snout, and smoother 
scales. In number of fin rays and size of scales the Otaru species 
also differs materially from specimens of L. bilineata from Nikolski 
and from Alaska. The former has 74 to 80 rays in the dorsal, 57 to 
61 in the anal, and 92 to 98 scales in the lateral line, as shown by two 
specimens. Five specimens of L. bilineata from three localities have 
fin rays and scales as follows: 


Nikolski, Bering Island........ D. 75-79; A. 58-62; L. L. 83-90. 
Chignik Bay, Alaska............ 72-76; 57-58; 78-83. 
Seattle, Puget Sound.........-.- 68-75; 50-58; 79-89. 


Head 3.8 in length to base of caudal; depth 1.9; depth of caudal 
peduncle 9.2; eye 3 in head; snout 5.5; maxillary 4; D. 80; A. 61; 
pores in lateral line 98; in transverse series of scales 90. 

Body apparently somewhat deeper than in L. bilineata, the dorsal 
contour rising somewhat abruptly, and the snout having a less 
pointed appearance. Orbits very large, the upper being considerably 
larger than the lower; anterior edge of the lower in advance of the 
upper. Interorbital area high and very narrow. Maxillary extending 


548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


to anterior border of pupil of lower eye. Teeth small, conical, 
closely apposed; strong on the blind side, very weak and few on the 
opposite side; located in a single row with occasionally an irregular 
one. Gillrakers on first arch 2+5; those on upper limb scarcely evi- 
dent, the lower ones short, flat, blunt, and widely spaced. Nostrils 
tubular. 

Lateral line with a very abrupt arch which at its highest point is 
about eight scales above the horizontal, with an accessory branch 
which does not extend backward as far as the gill opening. A con- 
spicuous ventral branch extends downward and forward beneath the 
eye to the maxillary. Scales weakly ctenoid, this character appear- 
ing as distinctive when the species is compared with L. bilineata; 
those of opercles minute and closely crowded; occipital space with 
but a single row of minute scales; all the fin rays except the pectoral 
on the blind side with minute scales; edge of preopercle naked. 

Dorsal originating above anterior edge of pupil; longest rays con- 


tained about two times in head. Highest anal rays equal in length — 


to those of dorsal. Caudal rounded, 1.2 in the head. Pectoral 1.8 
in head; that of blind side about 3 in head. Ventrals rather stout, 
the rays heavy, 3 in head. Base of anal preceded by a short, strong 
spine that protrudes through the skin. 

Color in spirits pale brown. 

Two specimens were procured in the market at Otaru, Hokkaido, 
one of which, measuring 208 mm. in length, is selected as the type, 
Cat. No. 68245, U.S.N.M. The other, measuring 145 mm., is recorded 
in the Stanford University collection as cotype No. 21430. 

(Mochigarei, a Japanese name, meaning rice-cake flounder.) 


GLYPTOCEPHALUS SAS&, new species. 


This species has a deeper and more robust body than @. zachirus, 
and it also differs from that species in having a shorter, rounded 
pectoral and a much weaker anal spine, which does not appear to 
protrude from the skin. It differs markedly from G. zachirus and 
also from G. cynoglossus, the Atlantic form, in having but 49 vertebre. 


Head 4.8 in length to base of caudal; depth 2.9; depth caudal — 


peduncle 11.5; eye 3.5 in head; snout 4.1; maxillary 5.2; D. 90; 
A. 77; pores in lateral line about 109; transverse series of scales 
about 113. 

Body dextral, the snout rather blunt; mouth small; the maxillary 
extending but little beyond anterior margin of eye, that of the blind 
side almost a third longer. Lower eye advanced in position, its pos- 
terior border touching a perpendicular through edge of pupil of upper 
eye; interorbital space broad, almost equal in width to half the 


vertical diameter of lower eye. Anterior nostril with a short tube. | 


Teeth present on both sides of the jaws, in a single row, closely 


. No. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDBER. 549 


apposed, short, rather stubby, though incisor-like, the cutting edges 
somewhat granular and brown in color. Gillrakers 48, very short, 
pointed, and widely spaced. Bones of blind side of head very 
cavernous, four large pits in the preopercle being very distinct. 

Dorsal inserted on the median line, the first ray rising from a point 
directly above middle of pupil; highest rays contained about 1.9 
times in the head. Anal spine minute, concealed beneath the skin; 
longest anal rays 2 in head. Caudal obtusely rounded, somewhat 
shorter than head. Pectoral rays 11, the fourth and fifth from above 
longest, 1.3 in head. Pectoral of blind side 2.5 in head. Ventrals 
3 and 3.6 in head, respectively. 

Lateral line almost straight, the anterior part with a slight eleva- 
tion. 

Scales small, cycloid, well imbricated, covering the preopercular 
margin and the interorbital area, but not intruding on the skin of the 
eyes; extending outward to near the tips of the rays of the unpaired 
fins; basal parts of rays of unpaired fins scaly; snout naked on the 
right side, almost entirely scaled on the blind side. 

Color in spirits deep brown, the dorsal, anal, and caudal somewhat 
darker along their edges; pectoral of eyed side broadly bordered 
with blackish. ee 

Described from the type, Cat. No. 68246, U.S.N.M., a specimen 350 
mm. long from the market at Otaru, Hokkaido. This specimen was 
secured through the courtesy of Mr. Shigeho Sasa, for whom the 
species is named. Two other examples were secured from a mass of 
partly decayed fishes at Mororan. One is large, dark colored, and 
similar to the type. The other is much smaller and very light in 
color, except for the dark edges of the fins. In these the dorsal has 
85-84 rays; anal 74-77 rays; pores in lateral line 112-106. One of 
the Mororan specimens is retained in the Stanford University collec- 
tion as cotype No. 21431. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF WASPS WITH NOTES 
ON DESCRIBED SPECIES. 


By S. A. RoHwEr, 
Of the Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 


The following notes and descriptions have accumulated during 
the past three years. Some of the descriptions were drawn up years 
ago, while the others have been made since November, 1909, when 
the writer came to Washington. 


Superfamily VESPOIDEA. 
Family ANTHOBOSCID. 


Genus SIEROLOMORPHA Ashmead. 


The genus Sierolomorpha Ashmead was founded! for a curious 
little wasp described ? by Ashmead under the name Sierola ambigua. 
In Ashmead’s tables to the genera of Vespoidea it is placed in the 
family Cosilide, but according to his own tables this is wrong, as the 
intermediate coxe are distinctly separated,’? and following his char- 
acters it runs out at category 5 (p. 40) in his family Tiphiidee because 
there is only one complete, well-defined cubital cell, the second being 
only faintly indicated, as in the genus Trypoxylon. The cubitus of 
the hind wings is much beyond the transverse median vein. The 
habitus of Sierolomorpha would recall certain of the Bethylids, or 
is more like Tiphia than like Anthobosca. The ventral constriction 
of the abdomen is like Anthobosca and not like the Bethylids. The 
genus may for the present be placed in the family Anthoboscide, 
which may be recognized by the shape of the first abdominal segment, 
the unarmed pygidium, and other characters. 


1Can. Ent., vol. 35, 1903, p. 42. 

2 Bull. 45, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1893, p. 56. 

3 The use of the distance between the intermediate cox as a family character in this group is open to 
question. The above-mentioned distance'varies to some extent in the sexes, and in the genus Anthobosca 
(which Mr. Turner has shown Cosila Guérin is a synonym, hence the change of the family name from that 
used by Ashmead) the type of the family, the distance between the intermediate cox is great enough 
to permit one to say that they are well separated. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No. 1837. 
551 


552 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 40. 


Family SCOLIID. 
Genus SCOLIA Fabricius. 


Type.—Scolia quadripunctata Fabricius (Latreille, 1810). 

Mr. C. Schrottky has t contended that the type of the genus Scolia 
Fabricius is Scolia atrata Fabricius. Scolia atrata was the first species 
included and according to the system used by Saussure and Sichel ? 
belongs to Elis. In stating that the type of Scolia is atrata Fabricius, 
Schrottky adheres to the antiquated first-species rule. This ad- 
herence is unfortunate, as the idea has been entirely done away with 
by most systematists in all groups of animals, as well as being ruled 
against by the International Congress of Zoological Nomenclature. 

The genus Scolia as originally defined by Fabricius * included 10 
species. The eighth species, Scolia quadripunctata Fabricius, was 
chosen as the type by Latreille in 1810.4 No older designation of 
type for this genus is known to the writer, therefore Scolia quadr- 
punctata Fabricius is considered the type of the genus Scolia Fabricius. 

Other designations of the type of Scolia are Scolia flavifrons Fabri- 
cius by Bingham (1897) and Ashmead (1903). 


Family ELITDA. 
Genus ELIS Fabricius. 


Type.—Elis sexcincta Fabricius (Bingham, 1897). 

Mr. R. E. Turner ® places the genus Plesia Jurine as a synonym of 
Elis Fabricius; the types of the two genera involved show that this 
view is correct. Colonel Bingham in 1897 ° fixed as the type of the 
genus lis Fabricius Elis sexcincta, the first species originally included 
in the genus;? W. H. Ashmead® fixed as the type of Plesia Jurine 
Tiphia namea Fabricius, a species originally included. Elis sexeincta 
Fabricus and Tiphia namea Fabricus are congeneric, so the synonymy | 
1s: 

Euis Fasricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 248, n. 46. 

Plesia JurtNE, Nouv. meth. class. Hym., 1807, p. 150. 

1 Deutsche Ent. Zeit., vol. 2, March, 1910, p. 196. 
2 Cat. des species gen. Scolia, 1864. 
3 Syst. ent., 1775, p. 355, n. 111. 
4 Considerations Generales sur L’Ordre Naturel des Crustaces Arachnides et Insects. 
6 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 4, Sept., 1909, p. 165. 
6 Fauna Brit. India Hym., vol. 1, p. $9. 


7C. Sehrottky, Deutsche Ent. Zeit., vol. 2, March, 1910, p. 197, also uses this type. 
8Can. Ent., 1903, p. 5. 


NO. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. : 553 


Family EUMENIDA. 


Genus PTEROCHILUS Klug. 
PTEROCHILUS MORRISONI Cresson. 


Pterochilus morrisoni Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., April, 
1$795p., XIX: 

Pierochilus flavobalteatus CAMERON, Ponoma Journ. Ent. Col., vol. 1, No. 3, 1909, 
p. 34. 

Specimens of Pterochilus morrisoni collected in Colorado (one from 
Rifle, which is in the Transition Life Zone, collected July 2, 1908, by 
S. A. Rohwer, and others without definite data) agree even better 
with Cameron’s description of P. flavobalteatus than they do with 
Cresson’s description of P. morrisoni. There seems to be no doubt 
about the identity of the two forms. 


PTEROCHILUS SENECONIS, new species. 


Related to Pterochilus morrisoni Cresson, but may be separated by 
the sharper angles to the truncate part of the clypeus, whitish mark- 
ings, and small pale spot on the mesopleure. 

Female.—Total length about 8mm. Clypeus in outline pentagonal, 
wider than long, with shallow, sometimes confluent punctures, apex 
truncate, the lateral angles sharp; front somewhat produced between 
the antennz, with close, rather large punctures, vertex and cheeks 
more sparsely so; impressed line from anterior ocellus short and 
feeble; occiput carinated, arcuate; antennz very robust, the third 
joint subequal with the two following; thorax punctured similar to 
the front, notauli present only posteriorly; sides of pronotum irregu- 
larly punctured; metanotum rounded, perpendicular; abdomen finely 
reticulate, with small, well-separated punctures better defined on the 
apical margins, second segment wider than long. Black; spot on 
clypeus, mandibles except piceous apices, inner orbits to emargina- 
tion of eye, spot on posterior orbits, scape beneath line on pronotum 
narrowed within, tegule, spot below, two spots on scutellum, line on 
metanotum, spot on lateral posterior face of propodeum, all the dorsal 
abdominal segments apically, second ventral apically, and lateral 
spots on three following whitish; legs black, tibiz except spot within, 
and tarsi yellow; flagellum rufo-ferruginous beneath. Wings dusky 
hyaline, venation basally pale, apically dark brown. 

Paratypes show the clypeus may be almost or entirely black, the 
second ventral segment with the band interrupted. 

Male.—Total length about 8 mm. Differs from the female in the 
entirely pale clypeus, orange-colored flagellum, four anterior femora 
being pale beneath, and ventral segments two to six with a pale 
apical band. The clypeus and thoracic markings are yellowish. 


554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Florissant, Colorado. Type, female collected on June 28, 1908, on 
flowers of Senecio cyambalarioides Nuttall; two other females collected 
June 15 and June 21; two males collected near Florissant on June 18, 
1906, one at flowers of Senecio, sp.; one male collected east of Lake 
George (near Florissant), June 18, by W. P. Cockerell. Unless other- 
wise stated, the specimens were collected by 8S. A. Rohwer. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13732, U.S.N.M. 


PTEROCHILUS LEUCOTZNIUS, new species. 


Should be easily recognized by its size, whitish markings, and rufo- 
ferruginous legs. 

Female.—Total length about 14 mm. Clypeus convex, depressed 
apically to the truncate anterior margin, the angles of the truncation 
sharp, in outline pentagonal, feebly punctured basally, apically with 
rather large, irregular, separate punctures; front with close, well- 
defined punctures, vertex and occiput with smaller and more widely 
separated punctures; front raised between the antenne ; no incomplete 
impressed line from the anterior ocellus; occiput carinated, broadly 
arcuately emarginate; antenne robust, the third joint subequal with 
the two following; mesonotum and scutellum punctured similar to the . 
front; notauli present only posteriorly; metanotum rounded perpen- 
dicular; abdomen dulled with fine reticulations, the apical margins 
of the three last segments with irregular punctures. Black; basal 
half of clypeus, except two spots, narrow inner orbits below emargi- 
nation, pronotum dorsally in part, tegule except middle spot, spot 
beneath tegule, two small spots on scutellum, line on metanotum, 
spots on lateral posterior angles of prododeum, band on all the dorsal 
seoments, slightly dentate laterally on the apical ones, band on second 
and spots on third ventral segment whitish; scape beneath and legs 
beyond bases of femora rufo-ferruginous; wings dusky hyaline, basad 
of basal vein slightly yellowish, apical margin distinctly dusky; basal 
venation and stigma yellowish, apical venation dark brown. 

Paratypes show that the clypeus may be entirely pale. 

Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. Five females collected July 4 and 9, 
1909, by Mr. J. B. Wallis. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13731, U.S.N.M. 


PTEROCHILUS DIVERSICOLOR, new species. 


Perhaps related to Pterochilus luteicollis Cameron, but differs from 
his description of this species in many characters. 

Female.—Total length 9 mm. Slender; clypeus in outline nearly 
hexagonal, much wider than long, apex gently rounded, the angles 
obtuse, surface finely punctate-striate; mandibles slender, with three 
blunt, inner teeth; front hardly produced between the antenne; 
front with separate, rather large punctures, vertex and cheek more 


No. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 555 


finely and sparsely so, antennx subclavate, third joint slightly longer 
than the two following; thorax with the punctures rather more sepa- 
rated than those of the front; suture between mesonotum and scutel- 
lum foveolate; metanotum rounded, the perpendicular face nearly 
impunctate; posterior face of the propodeum with a median furrow; 
abdomen longer than the head and thorax, first segment long, 
about one-third longer than the apical width, length and width of 
second segment subequal; dorsal surface with distinct separate 
punctures, becoming smaller apically. Head and thorax (except a 
broad band between eyes at vertex, a median black line on mesonotum 
expanding at the ends, and mesopectus, which are black) testaceous; 
abdomen rufo-testaceous, the first four dorsal segments narrowly 
banded with white; wings yellowish hyaline, venation basally testace- 
ous, apically dark brown. 

San Diego County, California. One female collected by Mr. D. W. 
Coquillett. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13733, U.S.N.M. 


Family MASARIDZ. 


Genus PSEUDOMASARIS Ashmead. 


PSEUDOMASARIS COQUILLETTI, new species. 


In color and habitus much like P. edwardsii Cresson. The female 
may be separated by the presence of a fine raised line on the scutellum, 
the orbits entirely yellow, and with an interrupted yellow band on 
the vertex. The male may at once be known from edwardsw by the 
club of the antenne not being concave beneath. 

Female.—Length 15 mm. Clypeus much wider than long, the 
apical margin broadly, arcuately emarginate, the surface finely sculp- 
tured; third antennal joint longer than the fourth and fifth; ocelli 
nearly in an equilateral triangle; the postocellar line shorter than the 
ocellorbital line; thorax finely, closely granular; notauli wanting; - 
angles of propodeum sharp; transverse cubiti separated on the radius; 
abdomen finely, closely granular. Black with abundant yellow mark- 
ings; the following parts yellow: Mandibles, clypeus except two black 
lines, labrum, large subtriangular spot above antenne, orbits broadly, 
an interrupted band on vertex, basal five antennal joints, pronotum 
except a black line, tegule, two lines on mesonotum, large spots on 
mesopleurx, apex of scutellum, metanotum, two spots on metapleure, 
propodeum except two large black spots, all the segments of the 
abdomen broadly (more or less emarginate in the dorsal middle). 
Legs yellow except coxe, trochanters and base of femora beneath 
which are black. Wings yellowish-hyaline; venation yellowish. 

Male.—Length 14 mm. Colored like the female except the black 
on the propodeum and metapleure is larger, and there is no black on 


556 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


the clypeus. Structurally the male is like zonalis Cresson, except the 
apical segment of the abdomen, which resembles edwardsii differing 
in the apical dorsal protuberances being closer together. 
Los Angeles County, California. A male and female collected in 
April by Mr. D. W. Coquillett, for whom the species is named. 
Type.—Cat. No. 13734, U.S.N.M. 


Family PPAMMOCHARID. 


Genus PRIOCNEMIS Sehiddte. 
PRIOCNEMIS SUBCONICUS, new species. 


Apparently most closely allied to conicus Say, but may be separated 
at once by the opaque abdomen. From subopacus Cresson it may be 
known by the narrowly arcuate pronotum and different shape of the 
third cubital cell. From tdoneus Banks the flat vertex, paler wings, 
and longer calcarium of the hind tibize Gt being one-half times as long 
as the basitarsis) will distinguish it. 

Female.—Length 11 mm. Clypeus produced, the anterior margin 
nearly truncate, the anterior surface more closely sculptured than the 
basal; front so closely punctured as to appear granular, the impressed 
line faint; scape robust, about two-thirds the length of the first joint 
of the flagellum; antennz slender, much longer than the head and 
thorax, the third joint a little longer than the fourth; postocellar 
line distinctly shorter than the ocellocular or ocelloccipital line, lateral- 
ocellar line shorter than the diameter of the anterior ocellus; posterior 
margin of the pronotum narrowly arcuate; propodeum with an indis- 
tinct impressed line; tarsal comb wanting; apical tarsal joint without 
spines, legs feebly spined; transverse median its own length beyond 
the basal; second cubital narrowed basally; third cubital cell one- 
third longer below; hind cubitus slightly basad of the transverse 
median vein; abdomen opaque. Black, opaque; well clothed with 
black hairs; wings not quite uniformly dark brown, venation nearly 
the same color. 

Lawrence, Kansas. One female collected at “twilight” in July by 
Mr. E. S. Tucker. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13735, U.S.N.M. 


Superfamily SPHECOIDEA. 


Family SPHECID. 


Genus PODIUM Fabricius. 
PODIUM CAROLINA, new species. 
Differs from the meager description of P. rufipes Fabricius in | 
having the clypeus quinquedentate, not quadridentate. Nor does | 
this agree with Saussure’s interpretation of P. rufipes, which has the 
clypeus quinquedentate. 


No. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 557 


Female.—Length 16 mm. Clypeus armed with five sharp teeth; 
space between the eyes at the vertex distinctly less than at the 
clypeus; ocelli in an acute triangle; front below the ocelli with 
irregular, confluent punctures; the rest of the head with widely 
separated punctures; third antennal joint not much shorter than the 
fourth and fifth; pronotum sculptured like the head, with a distinct 
median sulcus; mesonotum with larger and closer punctures than the 
scutellum or pronotum; mesopleure and pectus punctured as meso- 
notum; propodeum striato-punctate, rounded, not abruptly trun- 
cate; petiole a little more than twice the length of the posterior 
coxe; second cubital cell narrowed above, receiving the second 
recurrent vein at about the apical fourth; first recurrent vein received 
by the first cubital cell free from the transverse cubitus. Black: 
most of mandibles, and legs below about the middle of the femora 
rufous; pubescence sparse, gray. Wings clear hyaline, a cloud at 
upper apex, and one in the second cubital cell fuscous; a narrow 
fuscous line on basal side of basal vein; venation dark brown. 

Tryon, North Carolina. One female collected by Mr. W. F. Fiske, 
June 20. . 

Type.—Cat. No. 13736, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CHLORION Latreille. 


CHLORION (PALMODES) RUFIVENTRIS, var. OPUNTIA, new variety. 


Differs from the typical form in the nonimpressed scutellum, and 
in the strong aciculation of the vertex, pronotum, and the anterior 
part of the mesonotum. 

Victoria, Texas. One female collected ‘‘On Opuntia,” April 17, 
1908, by J. D. Mitchell. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13737, U.S.N.M. 


FAMILY PSENIDZ. 
Genus STIGMUS Panzer. 


STIGMUS CONESTOGORUM, new species. 


Closely related to americanus Packard, but the pygidium is about 
one and a half times as long as wide (in americanus it is hardly as 
long as wide); and the legs and venation are darker. 

Female.—Clypeus polished, the anterior margin slightly emarginate 
medially ; front very finely granular, rest of head polished, impunctate; 
impressed frontal line wanting; head nearly quadrate, as in ameri- 
canus Packard; eyes not strongly converging to the clypeus; third 
antennal joint subequal with second, distinctly longer than fourth, 
apical joint robust neither pointed nor spatulate, not as long as two 
preceding; pronotum sharply carinate, dentate laterally; mesonotum 
shining impunctate except anteriorly where it is finely scratched; 
scutellum not impressed; sutures on mesopleure strongly foveolate; 


558 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


dorsal aspect of propodeum with a transversely ridged enclosure, 
parted by a longitudinal carina, in outline the inclosure is somewhat 
like a truncate arrowhead; sides of propodeum reticulate; second 
cubital cell slightly narrowed above; sides of petiole with strong 
oblique carine apically, in length subequal with the posterior femora; 
pygidium well defined, narrow, about one and a half times as long 
as wide. Shining black; spot on mandibles and tubercles tegule 
and posterior tarsi ferruginous; anterior femora and posterior tibiz 
brownish; venation brown, stigma black. 

Highspire, Pennsylvania. One female collected by Mr. W. S. 
Fisher, June 13, 1908; two other females collected near Harrisburg, 
Pennsylvania, June 14, 1909, by A. B. Champlain, and July 18, 1909, 
by Mr. P. R. Myers; also a female from the Baker collection from 
Pennsylvania. 


Type.—Cat. No. 13769, U.S.N.M. 


STIGMUS APHIDIPERDA, new species. 


Of the described nearctic species this is more closely allied to 
S. fraternus Say, from which it may be known by the dorsal lateral 
angle of the pronotum (not the sides) being dentate, the apical jomt 
of the antenne not spatulate and other minor characters. 

Female.—Length 4 mm. Process of the clypeus slightly emar- 
ginate; frontal impressed line strong; pedicellum and third antennal 
joint subequal in length, third joint longer than the fourth; ocelloc- 
cipital line about twice as long as the postocellar line; mesonotum 
finely punctured; dorsal aspect of propodeum with a trapazoidal- 
shaped enclosure bounded laterally by rectangular-shaped reticula- 
tions; posterior part of sides of propodeum granular; petiole shorter . 
than the hind femora, obliquely striate; pygidium short, not twice 
as long as wide, narrow. Black; mandibles, scape in front, four 
anterior tibie and tarsi, posterior tarsi and tegule dark ferruginous; 
tubercles white; wings hyaline, irridescent; venation and stigma 
black. 

The intermediate tibiz may be mostly black. 

Male.—Length 4mm. Bears about the same relation to the female 
as does the male of fraternus to its female. Anterior margin of the 
clypeus somewhat produced; head dulled with fine granulation, 
frontal impressed line strong; antenne rather slender, third and 
fourth joints subequal, the apical joint pointed; mesonotum finely 
granular; scutellum somewhat impressed; sutures of the mesopleure 
not as strongly foveolate as in female; sculpture of propodeum 
similar to the female, but the enclosure is not narrowed anteriorly. 
Differs from the female in coloration in the black flagellum, and 
nearly black intermediate tibie. 


NO. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 559 


Highspire, Pennsylvania. Seven females and four males bred from 
young peach stems by Mr. W. 8. Fisher in December, 1910, and 
recorded under the Bureau of Entomology number ‘‘Quaintance 
5692.” The nests were provisioned with wingless specimens of 
Aphis persice-niger Smith. Also two females from Colorado. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13770, U.S.N.M. 


STIGMUS INORDINATUS HUBBARDI, new subspecies. 


Female.—Separated from typical inordinatus by the absence of the 
frontal impressed line and having all the femora pale. 

Male.—Differs from typical inordinatus in the eyes converging 
more strongly to the clypeus, so the distance between them at the 
clypeus is subequal with half the distance between them at the 
vertex. The legs are also pale. 

Palm Springs, California. Many males and females bred from 
‘pupe in Polyporus, issuing March 1. Collected by Mr. H. G. Hub- 
bard, for whom the subspecies is named. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13771, U.S.N.M. 

This may be raised to a species eventually, as the male presents 
good differences. 


STIGMUS FRATERNUS COLORADENSIS, new subspecies. 


female.—Differs from fraternus Say in the apical joint of the 
antenne not being spatulate, and the femora are all more or less 
- black. 
Colorado. Two females from the C. F. Baker collection. 
Type.—Cat. No. 13772, U.S.N.M. 


STIGMUS FULVIPES, var. COQUILLETTI, new variety. 


Male and female.—Differs from fulvipes Fox in the dark-brown 
antennze and black femora. 

Los Angeles County, California. Two females and one male col- 
lected by Mr. D. W. Coquillett, for whom the variety is named. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13773, U.S.N.M. 

Mr. Coquillett also collected typical fulvipes in Los Angeles County, 
California. 

GONOSTIGMUS, new genus. 


Habitus very like Stigmus Panzer, but differing at once in the shape 
of the head. Head seen from the front, excluding clypeus, distinctly 
longer than wide; seen from above, the head is quadrate, slightly 
narrowing posteriorly; facial quadrangle strongly narrowed below; 
eyes large and broadened below as in Crabro, but not as strongly so; 
clypeus strongly produced in the middle, truncate; labrum concealed ; 
mandibles long, slender, single except the bidentate apex, the outer 


560 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


tooth longer, maxillary palpi 6-jointed, labial palpi 4-jointed, palpi 
long, slender; antenne inserted at the top of the clypeus and almost 
against the orbits, the distance between them almost as great as 
the width of eyes at clypeus; abdomen, thorax, legs, and wings 
much as in Stigmus. 

The lower posterior margin of the head is strongly angled in the 
genotype, but this may only be a specific character. 

Type.—Gonostigmus typicus Rohwer. 

Gonostigmus may at once be separated from Stigmus by the head 
being longer than wide, the facial quadrangle being narrowed below, 
the larger and produced clypeus, the antennz inserted very close to 
the orbits. 

GONOSTIGMUS TYPICUS, new species. 


Female.—Length 3 mm., slender. Lower inner orbital margins 


finely foveolate; head strongly angled on the lower posterior margin; 


the posterior margin finely carinate; front finely granular, the rest 
of the head shining and impunctate; ocellar line at least as long as 
the ocellocular line; flagellum simple, the first and second joints equal 
in length; pronotum strongly ridged and sharply angled laterally; 
dorsulum very finely longitudinally scratched; scuto-dorso suture 


strongly foveolate; propleure strongly longitudinally striate; a longi- — 


tudinal suture on the mesopleure, the area above which is finely 
striate-granular, the area below finely striate; propodeum dorsally 
with large reticulations, laterally longitudinally striate; legs without 
spines; petiole slightly longer than the hind femora, with five fine 
carina on the dorsal and lateral surfaces; abdomen normal. Black, 
shining; mandibles, scape, two joints of flagel, tubercles, tegule, 
four anterior legs, posterior trochanters and tarsi pale yellow. The 
usual pubescence sparse; wings clear hyaline, iridescent; venation 
and stigma dark brown, nervures paler toward the base of the wings. 

Motzorongo, Vera Cruz, Mexico. One female collected February 
11, 1892, by H. Osborn. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13738, U.S.N.M. 


Genus DIODONTUS (Curtis) Shuckard. 


DIODONTUS BIDENTATUS, new species. 


This may be the undescribed male of Diodontus adamsi Titus, but 
the description of that species is very brief, and the following species 
differs in being 3 mm. smaller and having the tubercles pale. It is 
easily distinguished from the other described Nearctic species by the 
dentate clypeus. 

Male.—Length 3.5 mm. Labrum concealed; clypeus produced in 
the middle, with two large, obtuse teeth, the emargination between 


No. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 561 


angulate; vertex and occiput finely granular, with large irregular, 
separated punctures which are smaller and closer in the postocellar 
area; postocellar line equal with the ocellocular line, but distinctly 
shorter than the ocelloccipital line; the apical antennal joints with 
short spines at the apex beneath; scutellum and mesonotum shining, 
with well separated, distinct punctures; the sutures separating the 
scutellum not foveolate; mesopleure irregularly, coarsely granular; 
propodeum with irregular, coarser reticulations; legs normal; second 
cubital cell narrowing above; abdomen with small indistinct punc- 
tures. Black; mandibles and legs below femora reddish-yellow; 
tegule and tubercles yellow. Wings distinctly dusky; venation black 
and pale brown. 

Nerepis, New Brunswick. One male collected August 20 by Mr. 
A. G. Leavitt. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13739, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PASSALC:CUS Shuckard. 
PASSAL@CUS MELANOCRUS, new species. 


Related to P. annulatus (Say), but the scutellum is not impressed, 
the propodeum does not have an impressed median line, and the 
femora are black. 

Male.—Length about 5 mm. Slender; clypeus and front closely 
granular, vertex and occiput shining with separate, small punctures; 
frontal line distinct; postocellar lme much greater than the ocelloc- 
ular line; antenne not spinose or dentate, the third joint distinctly 
shorter than the fourth, apical one about one-fourth longer than the 
preceding; dorsulum with distinct, close punctures, with two impressed 
foveolate lines anteriorly; scutellum sparsely punctured and not 
impressed; propodeum rather finely reticulate, without an impressed 
line, upper surface of posterior face with a poorly defined fovea; 
abdomen shining with little or no hair. Black; mandibles, except 
margin, tubercles and base of posterior tibise yellow; apical mar- 
gins of flagellar joints except apical one and scape beneath whitish; 
tegule brownish; four anterior tibiz and tarsi reddish-yellow. Wings 
hyaline, iridescent; venation dark brown. 

Davis Mountains, Texas. Three males bred July 5, 1907, from ma- 
terial collected April 12, 1907, from the galleries of Dendroctonus 
barberi Hopkins. Notes under Bureau of Entomology number 
“Hopk. U. S. 3904.” 

Type.—Cat. No. 13740, U.S.N.M. 


80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——36 


562 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL. 40. 


Genus CERATOPHORUS Shuckard. 


CERATOPHORUS GRINNELLI UTAHENSIS, new subspecies. 


Very like grinnelli Rohwer, but differs in the female sex as follows: 


C. grinnelli grinnelli. 


1. Apical part of enclosure of propo- 
deum shining impunctate. 

2. Fovea on posterior face of the propo- 
deum punctiform. 

3. Second recurrent vein basad of the 


C. grinnelli utahensis. 


1. Same dull 
striate. 

2. Fovea on posterior face of the propo- 
deum narrow, elongate. 

3. Second recurrent vein very nearly 


finely longitudinally 


interstitial with the second transverse 
cubitus. 


second transverse cubitus by one-fourth 
its length. 


Beaver Valley, Utah. 
Type.—In the Museum of the Brooklyn Institute, New York. 


Family CRABRONID. 


Genus LINDENIUS Lepeletier. 


ENOPLOLINDENIUS, new subgenus. 


General habitus as Lindenius; clypeus quadra-dentate; mandibles 
simple; basal joints of antenne emarginate; facial fovea deep, sharply 
defined; supraorbitai fovea elongate, well defined; ocelli in almost an 
equilateral triangle; posterior orbit and sides of occiput with strong 
carine; head and thorax with close fine punctures; pronotum crested, 
long for group, lower than dorsulum, no smooth enclosed area on 
metanotum; venation as Lindenius; four posterior legs normal; 
anterior femora enlarged and flattened; anterior tarsi strongly flat- 
tened and somewhat distorted; abdomen shining impunctate. 

Type—Lindenius (Enoplolindenius) elypeatus Rohwer. 

This may prove to be a distinct genus when the female is dis- 
covered. It is very distinct from Lindenius by the characters given 
above. 

LINDENIUS (ENOPLOLINDENIUS) CLYPEATUS, new species. 


Male—Length about 4mm. The notch between the lateral and 
middle teeth of clypeus deeper than the notch between the middle 
teeth; a carina in the depression from anterior ocellus to facial fovea ; 
the area between the eye and postocellar carina subfoveolate; prono- 
tum before the carina foveolate; scutellum with indistinct striations 
with the punctures; suture between postscutellum and dorsal aspect 
of propodeum foveolate; propodeum laterally separated from pos- 
terior face by a distinct line-like carina; depression of posterior face 
heart-shaped; propodeum dorsally with a median fovea which meets 
the fovea on posterior face. Black; mandibles, tubercles, small spots 


NO. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 563 


on pronotum, and four anterior legs below trochanters, except a line 
on femora, reddish-yellow (the reddish tint may be due to potassium 
cyanide, but probably not). Wings hyaline, beautifully iridescent; 
venation dark brown. 

Brownsville, Texas. 

Type.—tIn the Museum of the Brooklyn Institute, New York. 

Orbital carina strong, the area between it and the eye margin 
foveolate. 

Genus CRABRO Fabricius. 


CRABRO (SOLENIUS) TOWNSENDI, new species. 


Allied to the North American species interruptus and cinctibellus, 
but much different in the sculpture of the propodeum. 

Female.—Length nearly 11 mm. Production of the clypeus 
broader at the apex, the emargination very shallow; facial fovea 
very narrow and deep, without a bounding carina above but never- 
theless well defined; ocellar line subequal with the ocellocular line; 
supraorbital fovea as long as first two joints of the flagellum; head 
with close, large, distinct punctures, the punctures of the front a little 
larger than those of the cheeks; first joint of flagellum a very little 
longer than second; pronotum sharply carinated, the lateral tooth 
small; dorsulum striato-punctate, anteriorly a few distinct punctures; 
scutellum  striato-punctate; mesopleure  striato-punctate above; 
below mostly punctured though there is a tendency to striation; 
propodeum dorsally and posterior face strongly striato-reticulate; 
the broad median furrow foveolate; strongly longitudinally, propo- 
deum laterally striate; legs and venation normal for Solenius; abdomen 
with strong, distinct, rather close punctures, larger on the first seg- 
ment and becoming smaller apically; apical margins of the first two 
segments somewhat depressed; pygidal fringe thick. Black; tegule 
rufotestaceous; scape, two elongate spots on pronotum, tubercles, 
two oval spots on scutellum which meet, four anterior knees, all the 
tibize and tarsi, elongate spots on the firs¢ three dorsal segments 
(narrowly separated) and bands on the fourth and fifth dorsal seg- 
ments yellow. Wings fusco-hyaline; venation pale brown, stigma 
and costa reddish; the usual facial pubescence slightly yellowish. 

Meadow Valley, Mexico. Collected by Mr. C. H. T. Townsend, 
for whom the species is named. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13741, U.S.N.M. 


CRABRO (subgenus?) SCHWARZI, new species. 


Very distinct and belonging to an undescribed subgenus, falling 
near Metacrabro and Xylocrabro. Easily known by the head nar- 
rowing behind eyes, the occiput margined, and coarse sculpture. 

Male—Length 8 mm. Clypeus strongly carinated; distance 
between the eyes at the clypeus slightly less than the length of the 


564 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


clypeus; facial fovea not sharply defined above; supraorbital foveze 
wanting; ocellar line slightly longer than ocellocular line; head 
strongly narrowing behind eyes, the occiput strongly margined; 
antenne short, simple; pronotum strongly crested, dentate laterally; 
dorsulum with large, close punctures, scutellum more sparsely 
punctured, some of the punctures on the dorsulum are confluent; 
mesopleure above striato-punctate, below with large separate punc- 
tures; propodeum dorsally and posterior face strongly reticulate, the 
posterior face transversely so; propodeum laterally rather strongly lon- 
gitudinally striate; legs slender and simple; anterior face of the abdom- 
inal segment depressed; first two dorsal segments with large, rather 
close, distinct punctures; the following segments finely and closely 
so. Black; scape line on the pronotum, tubercles, anterior, legs below 
middle of femora, tips of middle femora above, middle tibiz exteriorly, 
spurs of hind tibie, base of first abdominal segment with a narrow 
line running to the elongate spots, and elongate lateral spots on 
second, third, and fourth segments yellow. Wings dusky hyaline; 
venation black. Pubescence almost wanting. 

Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz. Guatemala, March 23, 1906. 
‘One male collected by Schwarz (for whom the species is named) and 
Barber. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13742, U.S.N.M. 


CRABRO (HOPLOCRABRO) FERRUGINEIPES Rohwer. 


This species was described from a single male collected at Pecos, 
New Mexico. From the C. H. T. Townsend collection of Meadow 
Valley, Mexico, there are five males and four females. The female is 
much like the male but is of course larger and has the antennz 
simple. 

CRABRO (HOPLOCRABRO) NOVANUS, new species. 

Of the described Mexican species perhaps this is more like sonorensis 
Cameron, but is at once distinguished by the sculpture. Belongs in 
with decemmaculatus Say, but may be known at once by the sculpture 
of the propodeum. 

Female—tLength 13.5 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus 
slightly produced into a truncate process, middle carina strong; facial 
fovea as on Hoplocrabro, as is the rest of the head; post ocellar le a 
little shorter than ocellocular line; third joint of antenne distinctly 
longer than fourth; head with small close punctures, much sparser 
on the cheeks; pronotum feebly carinated, not dentate, separated by a 
broad furrow from mesonotum; dorsulum with rather close, distinct 
punctures; scutellum more sparsely punctured; mesopleure striato- 
punctate; propodeum dorsally with rather large, well separated, dis- 
tinct punctures; median furrow broad, well defined, striolate; posterior 
face with separate striato-punctations; propodeum laterally very finely 
longitudinally striate ; legs robust; first dorsal segment with scattered, 


No. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 565 


distinct, small punctures, the following segments closely punctured. 
Black; tegule brownish; mandibles except apices, scape, interrupted 
line on pronotum, tubercles, postscutellum, spots on all the dorsal 
segments (meeting on the fifth and sixth) yellow; legs black, four 
anterior knees, all the tibize and tarsi yellow. The tibie are dark 
brown within. Wings fusco-hyaline; venation reddish brown. 
Pubescence fuscous. 

Meadow Valley, Mexico. Six females. Collected by Mr. C. H. T. 
Townsend. 


Type.—Cat. No. 13743, U.S.N.M. 


Genus THYREOPUS Lepeletier (Ashmead). 
THYREOPUS (THYREOPUS) VENATOR, new species. 


Very distinct, easily recognized by the closely punctured dorsulum, 
punctured mesopleure and separate abdominal spots. 

Female.—Length 10 mm. Median carina of the clypeus strong; 
distance between the eyes at the clypeus about equal with the length 
of the clypeus; facial fovea not sharply defined above; lateral ocelli 
above the supraorbital line; post-ocellar line subequal with the ocelloc- 
ular line; head closely punctured; first flagellar joint slightly shorter 
than two plus three; pronotum hardly carinate but with a sharp 
lateral tooth; dorsulum and scutellum sculptured like the head; meso- 
pleurze with the punctures more distinct; propodeum dorsally irregu- 
larly rather feebly striate, no median furrow; posterior face punctured 
with some faint striations also, laterally finely striato-granular; legs 
robust, rather strongly spined ; abdomen elongate, shining, impunctate, 
pygidium with somewhat elongate punctures. Black; spot on mandi- 
bles, scape in front, line on pronotum, tubercles, large spots at the 
sides of all the dorsal segments and four anterior tibiz in front pale 
yellow; wings smoky-hyaline, venation black. Pubescence gray or 
fuscous. 

Male.—Very like the female. The tooth on the pronotum is 
sharper; the flagellum is simple but slightly flattened; the shield is 
wider than long, and wider at the apical third, with two or three 
longitudinal pale lines otherwise black; and the pronotum is black. 

The suture on the mesopleurz may be strongly or feebly foveolate, 
the scape almost entirely black, and the pronotum with small pale 
spots, the postscutellum black or with a yellow line. 

Meadow Valley, Mexico. Collected by Mr. C. H. T. Townsend. 

Type.—Cat. No. 138744, U.S.N.M. 


THYREOPUS (BLEPHARIPUS) MELANIUS, new species. 


Related to ater Cresson, but the ocelli are not in depressions and 
the sculpture is finer and the insect duller. 

Female.—Length 7 mm. Clypeus with a median carina, the ante- 
rior margin rounded; space between the eyes at the clypeus slightly 


566 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


greater than the length of the clypeus; postocellar line distinctly 
shorter than the ocellocular line; no depressions around the ocelli; a 
distinct furrow from anterior ocellus to the facial fovea; head with 
distinct small, well separated punctures but dull because of the very 
fine close punctures; first and second flagellar joints subequal; 
pronotum not crested or dentate; dorsulum, scutellum, and meso- 
pleur sculptured like the head, the punctures of the dorsulum larger 
and those of the mesopleurse smaller; enclosure separated by foveo- 
late suture from the posterior face, the base foveolate, the middle 
furrow strong and above foveolate; propodeum laterally and posterior 
face granular, the latter more strongly so; legs and abdomen normal. 
Entirely black; wings dusky hyaline, venation black; gray pubes- 
cence abundant on the pleuree. 

Male.—The male agrees with the above characters, except the 
head and thorax are shining, the punctures smaller, and the strongly 
foveolated middle furrow of the metathorax. The gray pubescence 
is very sparse. 

Meadow Valley, Mexico. Collected by Mr. C. H. T. Townsend in 
September. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13745, U.S.N.M. 


THYREOPUS (CROSSOCERUS) XANTHOGNATHUS, new species. 


A very distinct little species. In some points it seems to be related 
to angulicolle Cameron (described as belonging to Rhopalum), but 
the shorter first abdominal segment will distinguish it at once. 

Female.—Length 5mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus rounded, 
without a median carina; space between the eyes at the antennx 
less than the length of the clypeus; a depression near each lateral 
ocellus; ocellar line shorter than the ocelocullar line; front with 
small, rather close, distinct punctures, cheeks and occiput almost 
impunctate; first flagellar joint longer than the second; dorsulum 
with small punctures on a very finely granular surface; scutellum 
and mesopleure with small punctures but the surface not granular; 
enclosure well defined, the base, median furrow, and bounding 
sutures faintly foveolate; enclosure with fine oblique striz; poste- 
rior face and pleure finely striato-granular; second abdominal seg- 
ment subequal with the first; pygidium with large, distinct, separate 
punctures. Black; mandibles (apices rufous) line on scape, tuber- 
cles, four anterior knees and tibie exteriorly, four anterior tarsi, base 
of posterior tibia and tarsi yellow; wings hyaline, slightly dusky, 
venation black. Pubescence sparse. 

Meadow Valley, Mexico. Collected by Mr. C. H. T. Townsend. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13746, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1887. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 567 


Family NYSSONIDA. 


Genus GORYTES Latreille. 
GORYTES (GORYTES) NEGLECTUS, new species. 


Related to Gorytes mystaceus (Linneus), but is smaller and the 
suture between the mesonotum and scutellum is foveolate. Super- 
ficially resembles G. (Hoplisoides) costalis (Cresson), but is otherwise 
quite different. 

Female.—Length about 8 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus 
broadly rounded out, the surface finely, closely punctured apically 
the punctures are much larger; facial quadrangle higher than broad; 
eyes distinctly but not strongly emarginate above the middle, disre- 
garding the emargination subparallel; front with small, distinct, well 
separated punctures, no impressed line from the anterior ocellus; 
postocellar line almost twice as long as the ocellocular line; antennz 
slightly thickened apically, the third and fourth joints subequal; 
mesonotum with rather large, well defined, separated punctures; the 
suture between the scutellum and mesonotum foveolate; mesopleurze 
more finely punctures than the notum, the suture strongly foveolate; 
sides and posterior face of propodeum shining, with small well sepa- 
rated punctures, posterior face with a broad irregularly foveolate 
furrow, enclosure sharply defined by strongly foveolate sutures, a 
median foveolate furrow which is broader anteriorly, surface with 
well defined punctures; third cubital cell strongly narrowed to radius 
where it is shorter than the second; first and second recurrent veins 
separated by a distance about as great as the length of third cubital 
cell on the radius; first dorsal segment with small, setigeous punc- 
tures, the following dorsal segments finely reticulate; pygidium rather 
narrow, with rather large, close punctures covered with fuscous hair; 
second ventral segment prominently angular basally, with large 
punctures interspread among the fine close ones which cover the entire 
center. Black; two basal spots on clypeus, scape beneath, line on 
pronotum, tubercules, spot behind, spot above tegule, metanotum, 
small spot on propodeum, band on first three dorsal segments (broad- 
est on the first) and lateral spots on second ventral segment yellow; 
basal three joints of flagellum beneath, tegule, legs except the dusky 
cox and trochanters and slightly yellowish anterior tibiz and tarsi 
ferruginous; pile fuscous; wings dusky hyaline, radial cell strongly 
clouded; venation dark brown, stigma paler. 

Texas. One female from the Belfrage collection. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13747, U.S.N.M. 

From the description Gorytes sapellonis Baker would seem to be a 
very different insect. 


568 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


GORYTES (PSEUDOPLISUS) GYPONACINUS, new species. 


Female.—Length 10 mm. Anterior margin of clypeus truncate; 
eyes strongly converging to clypeus; impressed middle line strong; 
front very closely finely punctured with large, widely separate punc- 
tures intermingled; antennz normal for this group; mesonotum and 
scutellum with fine close punctures; suture between mesonotum and 
scutellum foveolate; metapleural suture foveolate at top; bounding 
sutures of enclosure subfoveolate; extreme lower portion of posterior 
face rugose; suture between metanotum and propodeum foveolate; 
abdominal segments shining, the apical ones dulled with fine tessela- 
tion; pygidium with large, separate punctures. Black; clypeus except 
apical margin, spot above, lower half of inner orbits, scape, line on 
pronotum, tubercles, spot behind, line on scutellum metanotum, large 
spots on propodeum, apical band on all dorsal abdominal segments, 
knees and legs below yellow or slightly brownish-yellow; wings clear 
except fuscous radial cell; venation including stigma dark brown. 

Male.—What may be to be the male differs from the female besides 
the usual sexual differences, in the more strongly foveolated suture 
between the metanotum and propodeum; and the infuscate posterior 
tarsi. 

Washington, District of Columbia. One female seen storing her 
nest with a green bug (Gypona VIil-lineata flavilineata det. Heide- 
mann) July 5, 1909, by A. K. Fisher. The male from Waldoboro, 
Maine, collected July 24, 1909, by J. H. Lovell and recorded under his 
number 4514. 

Type.—Cat. No. 18748, U.S.N.M. 

This seems to be nearest to rufomaculatus Fox, but is not that 
species; in some ways it is like venustiformis Rohwer, but the clearer 
wings will readily separate it from that form. 

Since the above was written three metatypes have been studied; 
two males, Trenton, New Jersey, August 10, 1906, and a female, Ger- 
mantown, Pennsylvania, August, 28, 1906. Collected by H. S. 
Harbeck. 


GORYTES (PSEUDOPLISUS) VENUSTIFORMIS, new species. 


Male.—Length about 10 mm. Allied to venustus Cresson, but 
differs from that species in the following manner: The large, sparser 
punctures of head and mesonotum; apical joints antenne shorter and 
normal (not rounded beneath); lateral sutures of enclosure faintly 
foveolate; a yellow spot below tegule; yellow spots on the propo- 
deum much larger; apical half of the wings dark brown, not yellowish. 

Boulder, Colorado. One male collected at flowers of Helianthus 
pumilis, July 31, 1908, by S. A. Rohwer. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13749, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 569 


GORYTES (HOPLISUS) HELIANTHI, new species. 


Female.—Length about 10 mm. Differs from diversus Fox only as 
follows: Front and mesonotum more shining, without the very fine 
striations; antenne more robust about as in diversus male; enclosure 
with the strie wanting or nearly beyond base; front yellow; a black 
diamond-shaped spot enclosing ocelli; enclosure black, base of dorsal 
segments 2,3, and 4 black, the following segments rufous; propodeum 
without yellow, rufous; venation darker and the second discoidal cell 
fuscous. 

Boulder, Colorado. One female collected at flowers of Helianthus 
pumilis, September 8, 1908, by 8. A. Rohwer. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13750, U.S.N.M. 


GORYTES (HOPLISOIDES) KNABI, new species. 


Belongs near denticulatus Packard, but vertex is flatter, the scutel- 
lum with sparser punctures, the clypeus not so angled above, the 
strie of enclosure better defined, legs much darker, costa and stigma 
dark, and is slightly smaller. 

Male.—Length 7 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus truncate, 
the surface with fine close punctures, with a few large punctures 
scattered over it; front finely granular, with large, distinct, widely 
separate punctures; depression from the anterior ocellus distinct 
though not strong; postocellar line much greater than the ocellocu- 
lar line; eyes converging to clypeus but not strongly so; third anten- 
nal joint distinctly longer than fourth; flagellum thickened apically; 
dorsulum and scutellum with large, distinct punctures; suture 
between the dorsulum and scutellum foveolate; large punctures of 
the mesopleure and propodeum somewhat sparser than those on 
the dorsulum; enclosure of the propodeum not sharply defined with 
about sixteen carine; abdomen with large punctures, those of the 
first segment smaller and sparser; spines of the legs feeble. Black; 
scape in front, narrow line on most of inner orbits, line on pronotum, 
tubercles, spot behind, posterior border of scutellum, lme on post- 
scutellum, large spots on metathorax, first dorsal segment except a 
large median basal spot, a narrow line on the dorsal and ventral seg- 
ments 2-5 yellow; femora and tibie beneath brownish-yellow. 
Wings hyaline, radial cell clouded; venation brown. 

Progreso, Yucatan, Mexico. One male collected August 6 by Mr. 
F. Knab (for whom the species is named) during an hour’s stay on 
shore. 


Type.—Cat. No. 13751, U.S.N.M. 


570 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Family TRYPOXYLONIDE. 


Genus PISON Spinola. 
PISON CRESSONI, new species. 


Perhaps closest to conformis Smith, but differs in many important 
points from the description of that species. 

Male.—Length 10 mm. Anterior margin of clypeus with three 
obtuse teeth, the middle one broader and truncate, the lateral ones 
rounded; false margin of clypeus wavy; space between the eyes at 
the clypeus somewhat greater than the space between them at the 
vertex; furrow from anterior ocellus slightly indicated; postocellar line 
subequal with ocellocular line; a faintly depressed, transverse area 
behind lateral ocelli; head, including clypeus to false margin, finely 
granular; antenne thickened apically, first joint of flagellum longer 
than second; mesonotum with close, small distinct punctures; scutel- 
lum with larger and sparser punctures; propodeum not channeled and 
with the punctures somewhat more widely separated than those on the 
dorsulum; posterior face with the usual median channel, the lowest 
part faintly striated; propodeum laterally shining, with small, separate 
punctures; legs without spines; abdomen punctured like mesonotum, 
narrow apical margin of basal segments depressed. Black; three 
basal antennal joints ferruginous; tegule and tubercles brownish; 
with the exception of the sides of propodeum the insect is clothed 
with fuscous pile, the pile more evident on the orbital margins and 
propodeum dorsally. Costal margin of wings and area before basal 
nervure dark fuscous, the rest of the wings subhyaline; venation brown, 
stigma paler. 

San Antonio, Nicaragua. Two males collected May, 1899. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13752, U.S.N.M. 

Named after Mr. E. T. Cresson. 


Family LARRIDA. 


Genus TACHYSPHEX Kohl. 
TACHYSPHEX HELIANTHI, new species. 


In Fox’s table to the Nearctic species of Tachysphex this species 
runs in with amplus Fox, but it is quite different from any species 
of this section. It may be easily separated from the described 
species by the long antennx, coarse sculpturing, and small size. 

Female.—Length 6 mm. Clypeus rounded out medianly, the 
lateral angles obtuse, apical part shining, with large widely sepa- 
rated punctures, basal part with small close punctures; mandibles 
with two blunt teeth near inner middle; front with close, rather 
small, well-defined punctures, the punctures of the vertex sparser; 


No. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. Oe 


depression behind the lateral ocelli not sharply defined, with a 
median furrow; interocellar area indistinctly parted, front without 
an impressed line; space between the eyes at the vertex subequal 
with the length of the third antennal joint; antenne slender, longer 
than the head and thorax united, scape shorter than the two follow- 
ing joints, third joint longer than fourth; mesonotum and scutellum 
with rather large, well-defined, separated punctures, those of the 
scutellum more widely separated, scutellum not impressed; dorsal 
aspect of propodeum coarsely granular, sides and posterior face 
punctured, posterior face with a median furrow which is separated 
from the dorsal aspect by a carina; legs feebly spined, inner calcarium 
of posterior tibiz much shorter than the basitarsis; second cubital 
cell on radius longer than third; abdomen finely coriarous, the first 
three dorsal segments broadly depressed apically; pygidium well 
defined, a little more than twice as long as wide at base, apically 
impunctate, basally finely granular with a few punctures. Shining 
black; apices of mandibles and tarsi piceous; scape in front, four 
basal flagellar joints and a spot on tegule ferruginous; wings dusky 
hyaline, the duskiness more prominent as a band below stigma, 
iridescent; venation blackish; insect almost nude. 

Boulder, Colorado. One female collected on flowers of Helianthus 
pumilus, September 8, 1908, by S. A. Rohwer. The eyes in life 
are dark rufous. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13754, U.S.N.M. 


TACHYSPHEX GILLETTEI, new species. 


Female——Length 11 mm. Clypeus rounded out anteriorly with a 
small lateral tooth; region around the antenne with close, rather fine 
punctures; front with larger and well separated punctures; interocel- 
lar area with the punctures denser than those on the front; vertex 
punctured like the front; space between the eyes at the vertex 
about equal to the length of antennal joints two and three; seen from 
the front the head between the eyes is emarginate; third antennal 
joint but little shorter than the fourth; mesonotum at the sides 
closely finely punctured; in the middle with a few scattered punc- 
tures, giving it a shining appearance; scutellum convex, shining, not 
impressed, sculptured like the mesonotum; dorsal aspect of propo- 
deum finely granular, sides and posterior face finely, transversely 
striated; fovea of posterior face not very large; second cubital on 
the radius much wider than the third on the same nervure; legs 
rather strongly spinose; abdomen shining, impunctate; pygidium 
about twice as long as broad at base, with a few rather large punc- 
tares. Black; tegule testaceous; spines and tarsi beyond the first 
joint rufous; abdomen clear red; eyes (dry) greenish; wings hyaline, 
venation testaceous; entire insect almost nude. 


572 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. - 


Rocky Ford, Colorado. One female collected June 4, 1904. Col- 
lector unknown. Named in honor of Prof. C. P. Gillette. 

Type.—Colorado Agricultural College. 

In Fox’s table this seems to be nearest to 7. amplus Fox (New 
Mexico and Nevada), but that species does not have the occiput 
emarginate, the sculpture of the mesonotum is different, and the 
venation is not testaceous. Disregarding the space between the 
eyes at the vertex, it is close to T’. semirufus (Cresson), but it is larger, 
more robust, the venation is not black, the mesonotum and pygidium 
are somewhat different. 


TACHYSPEX COQUILLETTI, new species. 


Related to amplus Fox. The female may be separated from this 
species by the smaller size and the different dentation of the clypeus. 

Female-—Length 8 mm. The depressed margin of the clypeus 
crenulate, with five broad, rounded teeth, the lateral teeth subangulate; 
surface of the clypeus shining, with small separate punctures; front 
with close distinct punctures, those of the vertex larger and sparser; 
interocellar area strongly parted, the vertex not so strongly so; 
space between the eyes at the vertex subequal with the third antennal 
joint; antenne hardly antennuate, the third jomt slightly shorter 
than the fourth; mesonotum and scutellum rather coarsely granular, 
scutellum not parted; propodeum sharply truncate posteriorly, the 
dorsal and posterior aspects separated by a carina, dorsal aspect 
granular, sides striato-granular, posterior face striate; legs rather 
strongly spined; inner calcarium of the posterior tibiz shorter than 
the hind basi-tarsis; second cubital cell longer on the radius than 
the third; abdomen shining, practically impunctate; pygidium poorly 
defined, not one and a half times as long as the basal width, broadly 
rounded apically. Black; tegule testaceous; abdomen and _ tarsi 
red or reddish; tibiz and hind femora piceous; head, thorax, and legs 
with dense silvery pile; wings hyaline, iridescent; venation pale 
brown. 

Male-—What may be the male hardly differs from Fox’s descrip- 
tion of the male of amplus, and until a specimen of amplus male has 
been examined can not be separated. 

Los Angeles County, California. One female and two males 
collected by Mr. D. W. Coquillett, for whom the species is named. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13755, U.S.N.M. 


TACHYSPHEX ARGYROTRICHUS, new species. 


Male.—Length about 8 mm. Clypeus subtruncate, with a small 
lateral tooth, basal portion finely, closely punctured; front and vertex 
finely, closely granular; no impressed line from the anterior ocellus; 
occiput flat; space between the eyes at the vertex about the same 


No. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 573 


as the length of antennal joints three and four; fourth antennal joint 
a little longer than third; mesonotum finely, closely punctured or 
granular; scutellum punctured with distinct punctures; dorsal aspect 
of propodeum closely granular, sides and posterior face finely, trans- 
versely striated; fovea of the posterior face not sharply defined; 
emargination of the fore femora rounded; inner calcarium of the 
posterior tibia about the same length as the basitarsus; second 
and third cubital cells on the radius of about the same width; abdo- 
men above finely renticulated, more strongly so apically; eighth 
ventral plate broad, very shallowly circularly emarginate, lobes 
wanting. Black; tegule ferruginous; four apical joints of the tarsi 
rufous; three basal segments of the abdomen red; eyes (dry) greenish; 
wings yellowish hyaline, venation rather weak, testaceous; face 
clypeus; thorax and abdomen above with rather sparse silver pile. 

Trinidad, Colorado. One male collected July 19, 1899. Collector 
unknown. 

Type.—Colorado Agricultural College. 

This species is closely related to T. exsectus Fox, but is distin- 
guished from that species by the yellow wings, the testaceous venation 
and the clypeus being armed with a lateral tooth; the scutellum not 
being impressed. 

TACHYSPHEX JOHNSONI, new species. 


Female.—Length 8 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus rounded 
out, with two rather small lateral teeth, near the eyes is a larger, 
sharper tooth; basal portion of clypeus finely, closely punctured; 
front with distinct, rather close punctures; vertex more finely and 
closely punctured; a furrow from the anterior ocellus to level of the 
antenne; occiput flat; distance between the eyes at the vertex 
a little greater than the length of antennal joints two and three, but 
not as great as the length of antennal joints three and four; third 
antennal joints a little shorter than the fourth; mesonotum and 
scutellum finely, closely punctured; scutellum not impressed; dorsal 
aspect of propodeum finely granular; sides and posterior face trans- 
versely striated, the striz on the posterior face stronger; posterior 
face with a somewhat heart-shaped fovea; legs not strongly spinose; 
inner calcarium of the posterior tibiae as long as the basitarsis; 
second and third cubital cells of about equal width on the radius; 
abdomen apparently impunctate; pygidium a little more than twice 
as long as broad at the base, poorly defined with large widely sepa- 
rated punctures. Black; mandibles at the apex and apical joints of 
the tarsi rufous; tegule luteus; two basal segments of the abdomen 
clear red; eyes (dry) pale green; wings hyaline; venation testaceous 
and rather weak; face, clypeus, femora beneath, tibize and thorax 
more sparsely, and bands on the dorsal abdominal segments with 
silvery pile. 


574 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 40. 


Cope, Colorado. One female collected August 9, 1905, by S. A. 
Johnson, for whom the species is named. 

Type.—Colorado Agricultural College. 

This species is close to T. mundus Fox, but may be distinguished 
from that species by the broader, poorer defined, sparser punctured 
pygidum; the absence of a transverse carina separating the dorsal 
aspect of propodeum from the posterior face; the more shining and 
finer sculptured front; the fewer punctures of the clypeus; and the 
bright red color of the abdomen. 


TACHYSPHEX OPWANUS, new species. 


Male.—Leneth 7.5 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus rounded 
out, teeth small almost wanting; front finely granular; vertex with 
fine punctures; occiput flat; furrow from the anterior ocellus dis- 
tinct; space between the eyes at the vertex greater than the leneth of 
antennal joints two and three, but not as great as the length of joints 
three and four; third antennal jomt distinctly longer than the 
fourth; mesonotum and scutellum finely closely punctured; dorsal 
aspect of propodeum finely granular; sides shining very finely 
striated; posterior face not separated from the dorsal aspect by a 
transverse carina, rather coarsely transversely striated, fovea distinct 
sharply defined; emargination of the fore femora rounded; mner 
calcarium of the hind tibiz almost as long as the basitarsus; second 
and third cubital cells of about equal width on the radius; abdomen 
very finely punctured; last ventral plate rather narrow, arcuately 
emarginate lobes narrow and short. Black; eyes (dry) green; teculze 
ferruginous; four apical joints of the tarsi two basal segments of the 
abdomen, except the base of the first rufous; wings slightly yellowish 
hyaline, venation pale brown; clypeus, femora beneath and bands on 
the dorsal abdominal segments covered with silvery pile; front with 
golden pile. 

Golden, Colorado. One male collected in July, by C. P. Gillette. 

Type.—Colorado Agricultural College. 

This species is something like 7’. exsertus Fox. It is also similar to 
T. mundus Fox, but it may be known from both of these by the golden 
pile of the front and other characters. 

The last three species described resemble each other in general 
appearance, but may be separated as follows: 


Front with golden pubescence; posterior face of the propodeum coarsely striated; 


teeth/of the.clypeus:smalla is: f.).5.5) 2s ee eo gad 2. hea opwanus. 
Front without golden pubescence; posterior face of the propodeum not coarsely 
striated;. teeth of the chypeus larger: /2-..5,.-<ee ot sees o> seis ee eee is 


1. Anterior margin of the clypeus with two lateral teeth; apical third of the clypeus 
smooth with large scattered punctures; inner calcarium of the hind tibiz as 
long astheibasviarsus.)! 4 2. Sede si kee ee eee a eee johnsont. 

Anterior margin of the clypeus with one lateral tooth; entire clypeus closely punc- 
tured; inner calcarium of the hind tibie shorter than the basitarus.arygrotrichus. 


NO. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 575 


TACHYSPHEX MAURUS, new species. 


The female runs in Fox’s table to nigrior Fox, but the clypeus has 
two small lateral teeth, and the punctures of the mesonotum are 
small and widely scattered. The male runs in the same table to 
mundus Fox, but the first joint of the flagellum is one-half as long as 
the second, and the inner calcarium of the hind tibiz is shorter than 
the hind basitarsis. 

Female-—Length 9 mm. Front with small separate punctures, 
closer along the inner orbits; interocellar area closely punctured, 
indistinctly parted; vertex with widely separated punctures, and a 
Y-shaped impressed line; space between the eyes at the vertex 
greater than the length of the second and third antennal joints, but 
much less than the length of the third and fourth; third joint much 
shorter than the fourth, the fourth and fifth subequal; propodeum 
granular dorsally, punctured laterally, striate posteriorly; second 
cubital cell longer on the radius than the third; inner calcarium of 
the hind tibize subequal with the length of the hind basitarsis; hind 
basitarsis curved basally; apical third of the dorsal abdominal seg- 
ments depressed; pygidium well defined twice as long as the basal 
width, with well-separated punctures, apex narrowly truncate. Black; 
tegule, spines, and calcaria testaceous; rather densely clothed with 
silvery pile; wings hyaline, iridescent, venation dark brown. 

Male—Length 6 mm. Clypeus sharply rounded medially, the 
teeth small; front closely and uniformly punctured; abdominal seg- 
ments not as broadly depressed as in the female; last ventral seg- 
ment squarely emarginate, lobes sharp, narrow; hind basitarsis not 
curved. Otherwise as in the female. 

Lee County, Texas. Two females and two males collected by Rev. 
G. Birkmann in May, June, and August. 

Type—Cat. No. 138756, U.S.N.M. 


TACHYSPHEX NEOMEXICANUS, new species. 


Belongs in with montanus (Cresson) pauzillus Fox, and consimilis 
Fox, but may be separated from these by the conformation of the 
clypeus, the size and the color. 

Female.—Length 12 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus cren- 
ulate, the lateral angles not sharp; clypeus strongly convex, the 
lower portion smooth, shining, with large, separate punctures, basal 
portion with close, small, distinctly defined punctures; front with dis- 
tinct, close, well-defined punctures; the punctures of the vertex 
separated; antennal fovee sharply defined above, large; occiput seen 
from above straight; an impressed line extending from occiput to 
between bases of antennez, interrupted only by the subtriangular- 
shaped depression behind the lateral ocelli and the anterior ocellus; 
space between the eyes at vertex greater than the length of antennal 


576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 40. 


joints two and three, but less than the length of joints three and four; 
antenne of the normal type, the third joint but little shorter than the 
fourth; mesonotum and scutellum shining, with rather large, sepa- 
rate, well-defined punctures; scutellum not impressed; mesopleure 
more closely punctured than the notum; dorsal aspect of the propo- 
deum corieacous, sides and posterior face striate, posterior face with 
a shallow median fovea; legs strongly spinose, inner calcarium of 
posterior tibiz shorter than the basitarsis, the abssice of the radius 
are, in order of their length, the longest first, 4123; broad apical 
margin of first and second segments depressed; abdomen dulled with 
very fine tessallation; pygidium well margined, with large, widely 
separated punctures. Black; outer margin of tegule pale brown; 
apical tarsal joimts reddish; abdomen bright red; wings hyaline, 
slightly dusky, vitreous; venation pale brown, costa and stigma 
black, sparsely clothed with silvery pile. 

Rio Ruidoso (altitude about 6,500 feet), White Mountains, New 
Mexico. One female collected August 7 ‘under dead pine bark,” 
by C. H. T. Townsend. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13757, U.S.N.M. 


TACHYSPHEX FEDORENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length 15 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus rounded 
out, with two distinct lateral teeth, and slightly emarginate in the 
middle; the apical half shining, with a few large punctures; the basal 
part finely granular. Front and vertex closely punctured; a distinct 
median furrow from between base of antenn almost to the occiput; 
space between the eyes at the top about equal to the length of antennal 
joints three and four; third and fourth antennal joints about equal; 
mesonotum closely, finely punctured, appearing almost granular; 
scutellum not impressed, punctures separated and distinct; meso- 
pleure granular, dull; dorsal aspect and sides of propodeum granular; 
posterior face finely striated, with a distinct furrow which broadens 
above into a V-shaped fovea; legs robust, strongly spinose; second 
and third cubital cells 6f about equal length at the top; abdomen 
above dull; finely granular; a little more shining ventrally, a series of 
large punctures along the apical ventral margins; pygidium shining, 
with rather large sparse punctures; about twice as long as broad at 
base. Black; tarsi and spines brownish; wings smoky, venation pale 
brown; face and’ clypeus slightly, mandibles and apical margins of 
abdominal segments one to three with fine silvery pile. 

Male—tLength 10 mm. Clypeus slightly produced in the middle, 
without teeth; punctured all over, the apical part with the punctures 
a little larger and more separated; the middle furrow of front not as 
distinct as in the female; dorsal aspect of a propodeum slightly 


No. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. ES (el 


impressed in the middle; legs not so strongly spinose as in female; 
emargination of the fore femora rounded; emargination of the eighth 
ventral plate broad, rather shallow, arcuate; lobes short, triangular. 
Pubescence of face and clypeus denser than in female; the thorax 
with silvery pubescence. 

Fedor, Lee County, Texas. Females and males collected in May 
and June by Rev. G. Birkmann. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13758, U.S.N.M. 

This insect belongs near punctifrons Fox. It may be known from 
punctifrons by the presence of two teeth on the clypeus and the 
absence of ‘‘dense sericeous pile.” The wings are as dark as some 
specimens of xthiops Cress. The male is separated from the male 
of punctifrons by the greater space between the eyes at the top; in 
punctifrons it is about equal to the antennal joints three and four; 
in fedorensis it is greater than joints three and four. The male is 
separated from intermedius Viereck by the denser punctured meso- 


notum, etc. 
TACHYSPHEX BRUESI, new species. 


Separated from tenurpunctus Fox, its nearest ally, by the sculpture 
of the propodeum and black abdomen. 

Female.—Length 8 mm. Clypeus broadly rounded apically with 
two small lateral teeth, its surface and the front coarsely granular; 
vertex and interocellar area closely punctured, neither distinctly 
parted; depression of the vertex shallow, poorly defined; the space 
between the eyes at the vertex greater than the length of the second 
and third antennal joints, but less than the third and fourth; the 
third and fourth antennal joints subequal; mesonotum with large 
separate punctures, those on the sides closer; scutellum with well 
separated punctures, not impressed; propodeum subtruncate and 
transversely striate posteriorly, dorsally finely reticulate, laterally 
striato-reticulate; third cubital cell longer on the radius than the sec- 
ond; legs not strongly spined, inner calcarium not as long as the hind 
basitarsis; apical margins of the dorsal abdominal segments nar- 
rowly depressed; pygidium well defined, two and a half times as long 
as broad; sparsely punctured, the apex narrowly truncate. Black; 
tarsi and tegule somewhat brownish; wings dusky-hyaline, iridescent; 
venation brown. 

Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. One female from the I*. Rauter- 
berg collection. Also one female in the same collection from Florida. 

Type.—Public Museum of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 

Paratype.—Cat. No. 13759, U.S.N.M. 

Named for Mr. C. T. Brues, who sent the specimens for study. 


80796°—Proc. N.M.vol.40—11——37 


578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you, 40. 


TACHYSPHEX SPHECODOIDES, new species. 


Female.—Length about 7 mm. Median part of clypeus margined 
anteriorly, the lateral angles sharp, with a short, obtuse median tooth; 
basal portion of the clypeus convex, densely punctured; front with 
large separate punctures, vertex more sparsely punctured than the 
front; furrow from anterior ocellus distinct; occiput flat a little lower 
than the eyes; distance between the eyes at the vertex about the 
same as the length of the antennal joints three and four; third and 
fourth antennal joints about equal; anterior third of the mesonotum 
finely, closely punctured, the posterior part shining, sparsely punc- 
tured; scutellum convex shining, punctured like the posterior part 
of the mesonotum; mesonotum finely, closely punctured; dorsal 
aspect of propodeum finely granular, at the base there are a number 
of short longitudinal carine, the middle one the longest; sides finely 
striated, near the top the striz are broader and more distinct; poste- 
rior face shining, finely transversely striate; fovea very well defined, 
pointed beneath; second and third cubital cells about equal on the 
radius; abdomen shining, impunctate; pygidium not well defined, 
smooth, almost without punctures; about twice as long as wide at 
base. Black; tegule on the outer margins ferruginous; eyes (dry) 
dark green; mandibles at apex and two apical joints of tarsi dark 
rufous; abdomen clear red. Wings clear hyaline, iridescent; vena- 
tion brown; face, clypeus, pleurz, small patches on sides of abdomen 
and the anterior femora beneath with silvery pubescence; antennee 
clothed with fine white pile. 

Rocky Ford, Colorado. One female collected May 12, 1905. Col- 
lector unknown. 

Type.—Colorado Agricultural College. 

A very distinct species, perhaps most closely related to T. punctula- 
tus H. S. Smith, but the sculpture of the mesonotum and propodeum, 
and the clearer wings, will easily separate it from that species. 


TACHYSPHEX LEENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length about 7 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus 
rounded, the middle broadly produced, the angles evident but not 
sharp; anterior part of the clypeus shining, with large separate punc- 
tures, the sculpture of the basal part not clearly seen on account of 
the pubescence; head opaque, very finely granular; space between 
the eyes at the vertex a little greater than the length of the antennal 
joints two and three; third and fourth antennal joints about equal; 
entire thorax very finely granular; scutellum not impressed; pos- 
terior face with an oval-shaped fovea; radial cell obliquely truncated ; 
third cubital cell wider on the radius than the second; legs feebly 
spined, spines feeble and pallid; tarsal bristles long; piceous; abdo- 
men subopaque, microscopically punctured; pygidium well defined, 


NO. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 579 


narrow, acute at apex, very sparsely punctured. Black; mouth 
parts and tegulx pale brown; two basal segments of the abdomen, 
with the exception of a spot on the second, red. (Undoubted speci- 
mens will be found with the abdomen entirely black.) Wings dusky 
hyaline, iridescent; venation brown; clypeus and front with close 
silvery pile; thorax and abdomen in certain lights with close silvery 
pile. 

Lee County, Texas. Collected May 8, 1906, by Rev. G. Birkmann. 

Type—Cat. No. 13760, U.S.N.M. 

The space between the eyes at the vertex would place this species 
in the tarsatus group, but it is not any of these being nearest to punc- 
tulatus, from which it may be distinguished by the different sculp- 
ture, the fourth antennal joint not longer than the third, and other 
characters. It has some resemblance, in general habitus, and in the 
inner calcarium of the posterior tibie being a little longer than the 
basitarsus, to mundus Fox; but that species has the posterior face of 
metathorax transversely striated, the dorsulum and scutellum punc- 
tured and the eyes are closer together at the vertex. It is also some- 
what like consemilis Fox, but the sculpture of the thorax and distinct 
pubescence on the abdomen will distinguish it from this species. 


TACHYSPHEX WHEELERI, new species. 


Female.—Length a little over 5 mm. Anterior margin of the 
clypeus rounded out, with two small, distinct lateral teeth, basal 
portion finely granular; front finely granular, vertex finely punc- 
tured; depression behind lateral ocelli rather deep, parted by a 
furrow; interocellar area by a deep furrow, which extends to be- 
tween the bases of the antenne, but is not as strong below the 
anterior ocellus; distance between the eyes at the vertex about 
the same as the length of the antennal joints two and three; antennz 
normal, third joint a little shorter than the fourth, mesonotum 
and scutellum finely punctured, the punctures of the scutellum a 
little more separated than those of the mesonotum, scutellum not 
impressed; dorsal aspect of propodeum finely granular, without an 
impressed line; sides finely striato-granular; posterior face separated 
from the dorsal aspect by a carina, which is broken in the middle 
by the upper part of the triangular-shaped fovea, transversely 
striated; radial cell obliquely truncate, second cubital cell wider 
on the radius than third; legs feebly spinose, spines feeble and 
pallid; abdomen ‘shining, apparently impunctate; pygidium well 
defined for species of this group, with large well separated punc- 
tures, acute at apex, and a little more than twice as long as broad 
at base. Black; palpi and tegule brownish; apex of mandibles 
piceous; abdomen clear red; usual silvery facial pubescence; thorax 
and abdomen in certain lights, with silvery pile. 


580 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 40. 


Lee County, Texas. Collected in May, 1907, by Rev. G. Birk- 
mann. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13761 U.S.N.M. 

This species, which is named in honor of Dr. W. M. Wheeler, 
belongs to the group composed of tarsatus (Say), semirufus (Cresson), 
punctulatus H. S. Smith, hiter Rohwer, and antennatus Fox. The 
members of this group have the abdomen clear red, the space be- 
tween the eyes at the vertex about the same as the length of the 
second and third antennal joints; and the pygidial area rather poorly 
defined. The females may be separated as follows: 


“Flagellum long, not setaceous, sparsely acuminate apically’’ (Fox); clypeus with 
one lateral tooth (pygidium two and one-half times as long as broad at base). 


MOKAS feeie easel ie eee BU eRS Bee IIe Onis SE eee antennatus Fox. 
Blagellum normal; acuminate apically... ~~ 4o2 = .<.5\-; acr sjni-1e ine ee a 
1. Pygidium not twice as long as broad at base, broad, poorly defined (clypeus with 

twolateral teeth). -Colorados 322... -c-ee cee seme ee ese ce ae hitei Rohwer. 

Pygidium twice or more than twice as long as broad at base................... De 


2. Mesonotum very closely punctured, the punctures not becoming sparser pos- 
teriorly; scutellum similar (clypeus with two lateral teeth). Eastern United 


SFI he Wee eiee al Seeeteiete, 3 pee ea SECM go Ae) GRICE Ae eS tarsatus (Say). 
Mesonotum more sparsely punctured, especially posteriorly; scutellum shining, 
usually more sparsely punctured than the dorsulum......................- 3 

3. Clypeus with two lateral teeth; leg spines pallidie sao ee yaon tee wheelert Rohwer. 
Clypeus with one lateral tooth; leg spines black or piceous..-....-............- 4, 

‘4. Clypeus with large, widely scattered puncturnest sso. 3 se punctulatus H. S. Smith. 
Clypeusigranular; front.eranular: 20d: sch a2 tees sen semirufus (Cresson). 


What may be the male of wheelert may be described as follows: 
Length 4 mm. Slender; clypeus rounded on the anterior margin, 
without lateral teeth; front very finely granular, vertex punctured; 
space between the eyes at the vertex about the same as the length 
of antennal joints three and four; third antennal joint a little shorter 
than the fourth; mesonotum and scutellum shining, sparsely punc- 
tured; scutellum rather strongly convex, not impressed; dorsal 
aspect of propodeum granular, sides and posterior face finely trans- 
versely striated; legs almost spineless, the spines small and white; 
radial cell obliquely truncate; second and third cubital cells about 


equal on the radius; abdomen shining, almost impunctate; eight | 


ventral plate rather deeply circularly emarginate, lobes rather 
broad. Black; palpi, tegule, and apex of the tarsi brownish; two 
basal segments of abdomen red; front and clypeus with silvery 
pubescence. Wings hyaline, ieilesenate venation brown. 

The male was collected by Rev. G. Birkmann in Lee County, 
Texas, August 8, 1905. 


No. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 581 


Genus TACHYTES Panzer. 
TACHYTES CHRYSOCERCUS, new species. 


Distinct in the large size, yellowish and dusky wings, red legs, 
golden pubescence of the pygidium and subequal first and second 
flagellar joints. 

Female —Length 16 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus rounded, 
somewhat crenulate laterally; head and thorax dull, finely closely 
punctured; ocellar area parted by a furrow, area -behind the ocelli 
slightly depressed; third antennal joint slightly longer than the 
fourth; scutellum not impressed; propodeum finely granular, furrow 
on the posterior face distinct, a triangular-shaped fovea on apex of 
dorsal aspect; legs strongly spined; second cubital cell about twice as 
long on the radius as the third; abdomen hardly as long as the head 
and thorax; pygidium sharply defined, the apex rounded. Black; 
mandibles, legs below bases of femora and abdomen (the abdomen 
is darker) ferruginous; tegule paler than the femora; densely clothed 
with golden pile, scape, head, and metathorax with long fuscous hair; 
pubescence of abdomen and pygidium especially bright and dense. 
Wings yellowish, apices dusky; venation reddish yellow. Pulvilli 
black. 

Meadow Valley, Mexico. One female collected by Mr. C. H. T. 
Townsend. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13762, U.S. N. M. 


TACHYTES XENOFERUS, new species. 


From the descriptions evidently belongs near vicinus, but is dis- 
tinguished by the space between the eyes at vertex being greater than 
the length of the second and third antennal joints not ‘‘nearly the 
length of; the ventral segments do not bear ‘‘a dense tuft of longish 
brownish hair;” the wings can hardly be said to be ‘ flavo-hyalinis,”’ 
although they are slightly yellowish. 

Female —Length 10mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus rounded, 
armed laterally with six small teeth, the two inner ones larger, sur- 
face with distinct separate punctures; front finely granular, impressed 
line wanting; ocellar and surrounding area gently raised; vertex finely 
punctured, the depression shallow; space between the eyes at vertex 
ereater than the length of the second and third antennal joints, but 
much less than the length of the third and fourth joints; scape pilose 
hairy beneath, flagellum pilose, the third and fourth joints equal; 
thorax with close, fine punctures; propodeum rounded posteriorly, 
distinctly shorter than the mesonotum, no well-defined channel on 
the transversely striato-punctate posterior face; third cubital cell 
slightly longer on the radius than the third; legs rather robust, feebly 
-spined; ventral segments almost without hair; pygidium broad, well 


582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


defined, apex rather acutely rounded. Black; palpi tegule, and 
calaria testaceous; tarsi and tibizs somewhat piceous; densely clothed 
with silvery pile, that of the thorax slightly yellowish; pygidium with 
silvery hair. Wings hyaline, iridescent, faintly yellowish; venation 
testaceous. 

Male—Leneth 9 mm. Clypeus rounded, without teeth; third 
antennal joint shorter than the fourth; anterior coxz without spines; 
pygidium truncate; last ventral plate deeply, broadly, arcuately 
emarginate, lobes narrow rounded at apex. Otherwise very like the 
female. 

Deesa, India. Described from a stylopized male and female, col- 
lected June, 1898, by Lieut. Col. C. G. Nurse. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13763, U.S.N.M. 

This may only be a stylopized aberration of Tachytes vicinus 
Cameron, but at present it is impossible to prove such to be the case. 


Genus LARROPSIS Patton. 


Type.—Larrada tenuicorns Smith (original designation). | 

Patton in describing ! the genus Larropsis designated as the type — 
Larrada tenuicornis Smith. His description of the genus does not 
apply to this species which led Kohl and Fox to treat it as an unknown — 
genus. The type-species is, however, a well-known species and is | 
congeneric with Larrada distincta Smith, the chosen type of Anci- | 
stromma Fox. Fox’s genus being described a year later must rank 
as a synonym of Patton’s. 


Larropsis Parton, Ent. News, vol. 3, 1892, p. 90. 
Ancistromma Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 18938, p. 487. 


LARROPSIS FILICORNIS, new species. 


Female.—Length about 11 mm; antenne about 7 mm. Slender; 
the shape of the head recalls that of the genus Lyroda. Anterior 
margin of the clypeus rounded out, not distinctly dentate, but later-— 
ally there are faint indications of teeth; anterior part of the clypeus_ 
is coarsely, irregularly punctured, the basal part is like the front; 
eyes not nearly as strongly converging as usual, the distance between 
them at the vertex a little greater than the length of antennal joints: 
two to four; front with an indistinct impressed line; depression” 
behind the lateral ocelli not strong; front and vertex rather closely 
punctured. Antenne long and slender; the third joint a little shorter 
than the fourth; apical joint equal in length with the preceding; 
mesonotum, scutellum, and mesopleuree punctured similar to the- 
front, scutellum not impressed; dorsal aspect of propodeum rather 
finely reticulato-granular, at some angles appearing finely obliquely 
striated from the median furrow; a deep, longitudinal, foveolated 


1 Ent. News, vol. 8, 1892, p. 90. 


Se ee eee 


NO. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 583 


furrow from the base to almost the apex; posterior face granular 
with a few transverse striz, the upper margin with a distinct trans- 
verse carina; sides granular; legs rather robust, but not very strongly 
spined; tarsal comb of short bristles as in Tachytes; the inner cal- 
carium of the posterior tibie not as long as the basitarsus; third 
cubital on radius equal to a little longer than the second; abdomen 
shining, finely reticulate; pygidium well defined, apparently twice as 
long as broad at base, smooth, with a few scattered punctures, rounded 
at the apex. Black; palpi, tegule, apecies of tarsi and calcarium 
reddish testaceous; head, thorax, and abdomen with short white pile; 
wings distinctly dusky, especially at the tips; venation pale brown. 

Lee County, Texas. Collected May 10, 1898. Collected by Rev. 
G. Birkmann at the town of Fedor. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13764, U.S.N.M. 

The pygidium of the paratype is reddish, and the furrow of the 
propodeum is not so distinct, the striate being longer. 

Related to Larropsis tenuicornis (Smith), but may be separated by 
the greater space between the eyes at the top, and the sides of pro- 
podeum not being striate. 


LARROPSIS PORTIANUS, new species. 


In Fox’s table to the species of Ancistromma this species runs to 
conferta Fox, but is quite different from that species. The male has, 
judging from the description, a superficial resemblance to ZL. tachy- 
sphecoides (Viereck), but the distance between the eyes at the vertex 
is not as great as in that species. 

Female.—Length 7.5 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus sub- 
truncate, very slightly emarginate, with two lateral teeth, the outer 
tooth the larger, surface with small, distinct, separated punctures, 
some larger ones near the anterior margin; front with close, distinct 
punctures, vertex with the punctures somewhat more separated; an 
impressed line from anterior ocellus to between bases of antenna; 
depression behind the lateral ocelli triangular in outline, with a 
longitudinal impressed line in the middle; space between the eyes at 
vertex a little greater than the length of second and third antennal 
joints; antennze robust, scape large, not as long as the two following 
joints, pedicellum but longer than wide, third and fourth joints sub- 
equal in length; mesonotum and scutellum with rather large, distinct, 
well-separated punctures; scutellum indistinctly impressed; meso- 
pleure granular; dorsal aspect of propodeum with a broad, shallow 
median furrow, striato-granular, the striz poorly defined, oblique 
from center; posterior face sculptured like dorsal aspect with an 
acute median triangle, the point downward; sides of propodeum 
with the striz stronger than on the dorsal surface; legs strongly 
spined, the inner calcarium of posterior tibiz longer than the basi- 


584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ‘you, 40. 


tarsus; first abscissa of the radius longer than second, third much 
longer than the second but shorter than the fourth; abdomen with 
distinct, small, separate punctures; pygidium not sharply defined, 
with large, separate punctures, about one and a half times as long as 
broad at base, apex obtusely rounded. Black; base of mandibles 
scape beneath, flagellum beneath apically, tegule, legs except a black 
spot on cox above, and abdomen red; head and thorax with silvery 
pubescence, abdomen almost nude; wings hyaline, iridescent venation 
testaceous. 

A paratype has the second and third abscissa of the radius subequal. 

Male.—Length 6.25 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus rounded 
out, hardly dentate; sides of propodeum not as strongly striate as in 
the female; mandibles, antenne, cox, anterior femora, bases of the 
four posterior femora black; abdomen ornamented with silvery pile. 
Except where mentioned, the male agrees with the above description 
of the female. 

Las Cruces, New Mexico. Type female collected on staminate 
flowers of Croton neomexicanum September 25, 1895; two paratype 
females collected October 5, 1895; type male collected September 23, 
on Gutierrezia sarothre, var. microcephala. All were collected by 
Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13765, U.S.N.M. 


Genus NOTOGONIA Costa. 
NOTOGONIA BELLA, new species. 


Seems to be closest structurally to Notogonia truncata Cameron, but 
that species is colored differently. 

Female-—Length about 10mm. Clypeus with distinct, median size 
punctures, apical margin shining and with a rounded notch in the 
middle; head and dorsulum finely granular, scutellum somewhat 
shining, with distinct punctures; depression from the anterior ocellus 
nearly breaking all the way through the crest; depression above 
lateral ocelli triangular; scape carinated ventrally; third and fourth 
antennal joints equal; propodeum granular; longitudinal furrow 
of propodeum dorsally shallow; carina separating the posterior face 
from the dorsal aspect not sharp; femora rather robust; abdomen 
dull; pygidium (under high power) covered with short spines; third 
cubital cell a little wider on the radius than the second. Black; 
femora and tibie clear red; covered with close golden pile, longer — 
and denser on the propodeum. Wings light amber-yellow, with a 
apical third streaked with lavender; venation except the pale brown 
costa and stigma, the color of the wing. 

Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama. One female collected June 4, 
1907, by Mr. A. Busck. 

Type-—Cat. No. 13766, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 585 


Genus ZOYPHIUM Kohl. 
ZOYPHIUM RUFIPES, new species. 


Should easily be recognized by the red legs, size, and two small 
teeth on the sides of the clypeus. 

Female.—Length 6.5 mm. Emargination of the mandibles deep; 
depressed, shining, median portion of the clypeus gently rounded, 
laterally with two small teeth; space between the antenne at the base 
not quite twice as great as the space between the base of antenna and 
eye margin; scape subequal in length with the distance between the 
base of antenna and eye margin; antenne short, thickening apically, 
pedicellum globose about half as long as the third antennal joint 
third joint distinctly longer than the fourth, apical joint obtusely 
pointed not as long as the two proceeding joints; head rather coarsely 
granular; eyes strongly diverging to the clypeus; postocellar line at 
least three times as long as the ocelloccipital lime; pronotum some- 
what declivitous; mesonotum and scutellum closely, rather coarsely 
punctured; suture between mesonotum and _ scutellum strongly 
foveolate; mesopleure rather finely punctured; propodeum dorsally 
and posteriorly with fine, separated punctures, sides shining almost 
impunctate; dorsal aspect with a broad U-shaped depression, basally 
with a longitudinal carina; posterior face with a large somewhat 
Y-shaped fovea, the tail at ventral end rounded, the arms subfoveo- 
late outside; a strong carina separating the sides of propodeum from 
the dorsal and posterior aspects; femora very robust, inner calcarium 
of posterior tibiz nearly as long as basitarsis; venation very like 
Z. sericeum Kohl; abdomen shining, finely closely punctured, first 
segment with the punctures well separated; pygidium triangular, 
apex rounded, densely covered with short bristle-like spines; second 
dorsal segment with the apical fourth depressed. Black; spot on 
mandibles, flagellum beneath, tuberacles, tegule, dorsal part of 
pronotum (except two yellow spots), scutellum, metanotum, legs 
below trochanters rufous; rather densely covered with serecious pile; 
wings hyaline, irridescent; venation testaceous. 

Duaringa, Dawson District, North Queensland. One female from 
Mr. W. F. H. Rosenberg. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13767, U.S.N.M. 


Genus SOLIERELLA Spinola (following Kohl). 


Dr. F. F. Kohl! divides the genus Solterella Spinola into four 
sections. The species grouped together in his genus can be divided 
into groups on the mandibles in the following manner: 

Mandibles: notvemarginate extériotly - ici26. sie. sc. soos wniceciee oe Silaon Piccioli. 


Mandibles distinctly or shallowly emarginate exteriorly.......-. Solierella Spinola. 


1 Die Gattungen der Sphegiden, 1896, pp. 451-453. 


586 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


Whether such groups should be considered as genera or not is a 
matter of opinion. For the present it may be well to recognize 
them as such. 


Genus SOLIERELLA Spinola. 


As far as known to the author this group divides itself into two, as 
follows: 
Emargination of the mandibles strong; transverse median and basal vein interstitial 
Onpmear liv. aiid a) ait See io bre eee a ee Sree ee Solierella Spinola. 
Emargination of the mandibles weak; transverse median basad of basal vein. 
Niteliopsis S. Saunders. 
Kohl’s group 3,1 which is Miteliopsis, is not correctly defined 
according to Saunder’s description. Kohl says, ‘Die Basalader 
entspringt interstitial.” Saunder’s figure shows it quite free and 
basad of the basal vein. The mandibles are originally described 
thus: ‘‘Mandibulae curvate, basi robustz prope medium excavate, 
apice acutae edentule.” 


Genus SILAON Piceioli. 


Sylaon is an emendation. All the American species referred to 
Miteliopsis belong here. The species known to the author may be 
divided into the following groups: 


Transverse median basad of basal vein; first cubital cell receiving a recurrent vein. 

group compeditus Piccioli. 

Transverse median beyond basal vein; second cubital cell receiving both recurrent 
veins or the first recurrent interstitial with the first transverse cubitus. 

group viereckt Rohwer. 


Transverse median and basal veins interstitial or nearly so.........----..-.------ ik 
1. First recurrent vein received by the first cubital cell...... group chilensis Kohl. 
First recurrent vein received in the second cubital cell or interstitial with the first 
transverse: CubiGuses- nee Sek e hee eee eer nee ele eee group plenoculoides Fox. 


The Nearctic species would be grouped as follows, according to the 
above arrangement: 


Group compeditus. Group vierecki. 
sayi (Rohwer). vierecki (Rohwer). 
Jfossor (Rohwer). 
foxti (Viereck) from description. 


Group chilensis. Group plenoculoides. 
lucidus (Rohwer). plenoculoides (Fox). 
parvus (Rohwer). striatipes (Ashmead) (male, not fe- 
niger (Rohwer). male). 
affinis (Rohwer). modestus (Rohwer). 


inerme (Cresson). 
mexicanus (Rohwer). 


1 Die Gattungen der Sphegiden, 1896, p. 453. 


NO. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 587 


SILAON MEXICANUS, new species. 


Closest to inermis (Cresson), but differs in the entire last ventral 
abdominal segment and other characters. 

Male.—Length 4.75 mm. Middle of the clypeus produced into a 
broad, truncate lobe, anterior margin impunctate, shining, basally 
finely granular as in the rest of the front; carine as in inermis but 
not as strong; vertex and occiput with distinct close punctures; 
ocelli in nearly an equilateral triangle; pronotum rounded, neither 
angled or crested; dorsulum, scutellum, and mesopleure with rather 
large, distinct, rather close punctures; triangular area of the propo- 
deum with close longitudinal striz; propodeum laterally and posterior 
face finely striato-granular; legs and venation as in inermis; abdomen 
very finely sculptured, apical ventral plate entire at apex. Black; 
mandibles, line on pronotum, tubercles, anterior femora apically more 
broadly so beneath, spot on intermediate femora beneath, four ante- 
rior tibiz and tarsi, and posterior tarsi yellowish; tegule and hind 
tibiz brown; usual sparse silvery pubescence; wings dusky, venation 
black. Antenne robust, somewhat flattened. 

San Ragael, Jicoltepec, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13768, U.S.N.M. 


Belongs to species group chilensis in the foregoing arrangement. 


Genus MISCOPHINUS Ashmead. 
MISCOPHINUS NIGRICEPS, new species. 


Related to M. texanus Ashmead, but the thorax is entirely rufous 
and the median carina of the propodeum is incomplete. 

Female.—Length 7mm. Clypeus broadly rounded anteriorly with 
the usual lateral narrow notch; head finely, opaquely, granular; no 
impressed line from the anterior ocellus; anterior ocellus not sur- 
rounded by a depression; third antennal joint distinctly longer than 
the fourth; pro- and mesothorax with fine separate punctures; propo- 
deum without a complete median carina, finely, obliquely striate, 
posterior face not so closely striate, separated from the dorsal surface 
by a fine carina, with a median depression; abdomen, legs, and wings 
normal. Rufo-ferruginous; apex of abdomen dusky; head black, 
clypeus, mandibles (apices piceous) and first three joints of antennz 
rufo-ferruginous. Wings hyaline, apical margin broadly dusky; 
venation dark brown. 

Santa Monica, California. One female collected by Mr. C. EK. Hutch- 
inson, September 15, 1901. 

Type.—Cat. No. 13553, U.S.N.M. 


PRELIMINARY NOTICES OF SOME NEW PACIFIC 
CEPHALOPODS. 


By S. Srirrman Berry, 
Of Stanford University, California. 


Pending the publication in a forthcoming report of complete 
descriptions with the necessary figures, it has been thought best to 
present in advance brief diagnoses of certain West American squids 
and devilfish, which appear to be new in the collections at my dis- 
posal. Most of the material was obtained by the U.S. Bureau of 
Fisheries steamer Albatross. The region concerned is faunally a very 
rich one, but as its teuthology has been hitherto practically unknown, 
the fact that a number of its most common and characteristic species 
are undescribed need be in no way surprising. 


CIRROTEUTHIS MACROPE, new species. 


Body of rather small size, subgelatinous, elongate for a decapod, 
with a broad oar-like fin on either side. Mantle opening full and 
very wide, reaching to a point just behind each eye. 

Head wide, flattened; eyes large and prominently protruding. 
Funnel large and broad, the funnel organ comprising a pair of small 
oval whitish pads, situated one at either'side on the dorsal wall of the 
cavity near the apex. 

Arms connected by a thin umbrella reaching nearly or quite to 
their tips; very delicate and not well preserved; suckers small, 
flanked on either side by a row of rather large papilla-like cirri. 

Radula well developed, contrary to one of the supposed charac- 
teristics of the family Cirroteuthids. There are seven rows of teeth. 

Type.—Cat. No. 214317, U.S.N.M. From Albatross station 4393, 
near San Diego, California. 

Length (total) 99 mm.; to base of umbrella 58 mm. 


ELEDONELLA HEATHI, new species. 


Body smooth, inflated, of a semimembranous consistency; mantle 
opening very wide and full, extending slightly past the center of 
each eye. 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1838. 
589 


590 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Head short, broad, compressed; eyes very large, lens much pro- 
truding. Funnel thin walled and broad; the funnel organ consisting 
of a tripartite pad shaped like an inverted V, its apex free and flap 
like. 

Arms of moderate length, attenuate, the third pair much the largest 
and longest, the others nearly of a length; umbrella well developed; 
suckers in a single row, large, much elevated, and showing the peculiar 
constriction near the apex as observed in other species of the genus. 

Gills very large, comprising about eight lamelle. 

Type.—Cat. No. 214318, U.'S.N.M. From Albatross station 4396, 
off Santa Catalina Island, California. 

Length (total) 117 mm.; of mantle 50 mm. 


POLYPUS CALIFORNICUS, new species. 


Body of moderate size, short, rounded, compact; surface covered 
with numerous large stellate papillae which become smaller and nearly 
obsolete ventrally; above each eye a rounded flattened tubercle 
slightly larger than the rest. 

Head short and broad, separated from the body by a slight con- 
striction; eyes of moderate size. Funnel rather long, conical, 
broadly adherent to the head for the greater part of its length. 

Arms stout, moderately long, their length from two and one-half 
to three times that of the head and body; relative order of length 
variable; their basal quarter webbed. In the male the third right 
arm considerably shorter than the others; its hectocotylized portion 
large and prominent, narrowly and deeply channeled, the excavation 
distinctly rugose with numerous flattened transverse grooves and 
ridges. Suckers in two rows, rather large. 

Color in alcohol a pinkish brown. 

TypeCat. No. 214321, U.S.N.M. From Albatross station 4325, 
in the vicinity of San Diego, California. 

Length (total) 308 mm.; posterior tip of body to base of dorsal 
arms 89 mm. 

POLYPUS LEIODERMA, new species. 

Body of moderate size, wider than long; nearly smooth except 
for a few rather distant simple papillz on the dorsal surface, as well 
as a narrow (though distinct) membranous fold bounding the outer 
periphery. 

Head short and broad with large eyes. Funnel long and rather 
slender. 

Arms not very long, their order 1, 2, 3, 4, the dorsal pair decidedly 
the stouter and longer, the ventral the reverse; umbrella well devel- 
oped, extending between the dorsal and lateral arms for over a fourth 
of their length, but much shorter between the ventral pair; suckers 
in two rows, small, and relatively very numerous. 


No. 1838. SOME NEW PACIFIC CEPHALOPODS—BERRY. 591 


Color very pale over the body; arms and umbrella darker. 

Type.—Cat. No. 214322, U.S.N.M. From Albatross station 4293, 
Shelikof Strait, Alaska. 

Length (total) 210 mm.; posterior tip of body to base of dorsal 


arms 45 mm. 
ROSSIA PACIFICA, new species. 


Body moderately small, sepioliform, with large subcordate lateral 
fins. 

Head large; arms stout and rather short, the order of length 3, 4, 
2, 1; umbrella rudimentary; suckers spherical, oblique, in two rows 
at the base and tip of all the arms, but often extremely crowded along 
the middle where they are apparently ranked in three or even four 
rows. Both dorsal arms in the male hectocotylized, strongly recurved, 
their suckers greatly reduced, usually in two rows until just before 
reaching the tip, when they become more crowded; the bases of the 
suckers transversely compressed to form a series of rugose folds. 
Tentacles variable in size and proportion, the club but. slightly 
expanded; at the middle with about eight rows of small delicately 
toothed suckers. 

Type.—Cat. No. 214323, U.'S.N.M. From Albatross station 4233, 
Behm Canal, Alaska. 

Length (total) 74 mm.; length of mantle (dorsal) 32 mm. 

This species is nearly allied to &. macrosoma Delle Chiaje but appears 
to differ in a numbet of smal! details. 


LOLIGO OPALESCENS, new species. 


Body of moderate size, elongate, slightly swollen near the middle, 
thence tapering acutely to a rather sharp point; fins large, sagittate, 
about half as long as the mantle; mantle margin produced above into 
a prominent squarish rostrum. 

Head small, square; eyes large. 

Arms stout and rather short, unequal, the dorsal arms considerably 
the shortest; umbrella rudimentary, but keels and swimming mem- 
branes well developed, especially on the third arms where the ventral 
membrane becomes wider than the arm itself. Suckers small, notched 
above, regularly alternating in two rows; horny rings with 9 to 12 
bluntly rounded squarish teeth. Left ventral arm of the male con- 
spicuously hectocotylized; along the proximal two-thirds of the arm 
the suckers are unmodified, but along the distal third their pedicels 
become greatly elongate and transversely flattened; also the cupules 
undergo great reduction although persisting to the tips, those of the 
dorsal row being the most modified. 

Tentacular club slightly expanded, with two lateral rows of small 
suckers and two median rows of large ones, the horny rings of the latter 
armed all round with about thirty-five small, rather elongate, bluntly 
conical teeth. 


592 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


Buccal membrane seven-pointed, each point bearing two rows of 
extremely minute toothed suckers. 

Gladius broadly lanceolate, thin, its margins little if at all thickened. 

Type.—In the Stanford University collection. From Puget Sound, 
Washington (shrimp fishermen). Ranges to San Diego, California. 

Length (total) 177 mm.; of mantle (dorsal) 132 mm.; of fins 


61.5 mm. 
GALITEUTHIS PHYLLURA, new species. 


Body of moderate size, translucent, membranous, smooth; elongate 
and becoming excessively attenuate between the long narrow lan- 
ceolate fins; the latter as broad as the body, thin and leaf-lke; 
mantle firmly attached to the head at three points as in G. armata. 

Head small, rather elongate; eyes enormous, globular, sessile, with 
small openings. 

Arms moderately short, their order 4, 3, 2, 1, each bordered by a 
delicate hyaline swimming membrane. Suckers small, subspherical, 
with smooth horny rings. Tentacles long; the club slightly expanded 
and armed with twelve delicate hooks besides a few minute suckers 
at the tip; fixing apparatus consisting of a group of about eight small 
suckers and as many pads on the carpal portion of the club, whence 
two rows of minute flattened suckers and pads alternate in pairs down 
the stalk nearly to the base. 

Type.—Cat. No. 214325, U.S.N.M. From Albatross station 4529, 
Monterey Bay, California. 

Length (total) 350 mm.; length of mantle (dorsal) 230 mm. 

Very close to G. armata Joubin from the Mediterranean. 


FRESH-WATER SPONGES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.—PART V. A NEW 
GENUS PROPOSED, WITH HETEROMEYENIA RADIO- 
SPICULATA MILLS AS TYPE. 


By NELson ANNANDALE, 
Superintendent of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 


The free microscleres (as distinct from those associated with the 
gemmule) have not been regarded as of much systematic importance 
by writers on the Spongillide, but there seems to be no valid reason 
why they should not be considered in defining the genera of this 
family. I propose, therefore, to recognize an American species 
(Heteromeyenia radiospiculata Mills) as the type of a new genus on 
account of the peculiarities exhibited by these spicules, and in so 
doing I may state that I am of the opinion that the genus Dosila 
Gray should be revived for the same reason, with Spongilla plumosa 
Carter as its type. 


ASTEROMEYENIA, new genus. 


Type.—Heteromeyenia radiospiculata Mills. 

Spongillidz which have birotulate gemmule spicules of two types 
and free microscleres in the form of anthasters. 

The anthasters of this genus and of Dosilia are probably not ho- 
mologous with those of most of the marine sponges in which spicules 
of the kind occur, but are produced by the secondary fusion of am- 
phioxous or rotulate microscleres. In Dosilia plumosa monaxon 
microscleres are sometimes found, while the tips of the branches of 
asteroid microscleres often approximate to the rotulate form. 

Two species, both confined (so far as we know) to North America, 
may be assigned to the new genus, namely Heteromeyenia radio- 
spiculata Mills' and H. plumosa Weltner.2 They may be distin- 
guished most readily one from the other by the form of the terminal 


1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 1, 1888, p. 313. 
2 Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1895, vol. 1, p. 127; see also Annandale, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, 1909, p. 


405, fig. 3. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 40—No. 1839. 
80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——38 593 


594 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


spines of the longer gemmule spicules, for in A. plumosa these spines 
have a simple curve, while in A. radiospiculata the tips are distinctly 
recurved so that the whole spine as seen in profile has almost the 
form of a capital J. 

Both of these species appear to be rare. A. radiospiculata was 
originally described from Cincinnati, Ohio, and some fine specimens 
have recently been acquired by the U. S. National Museum from 
Granite City, Illinois. The largest of these specimens, which were 
obtained by Mr. B. Donaldson in the settling tanks of the city 
waterworks in August, 1910, measures no less than 42 by 12 by 8 cm.; 
they are all, in a dry condition, of-a dark gray color. The only lo- 
cality whence A. plumosa was hitherto known was Pinto Creek, 
Kinney County, Texas, but a very beautiful specimen from Shreve- 
‘port, Louisiana, has recently been added to the National collection. 
It is almost circular in outline, nearly flat, and of a pale brown color 
in the dry state, measuring 28.75 by 24.7 cm. Both it and a speci- 
men of Trochospongilla leidyr found with it are permeated by the 
tubes of a bryozoon of the genus Plumatella. It was obtained, like 
the gigantic specimen of A. radiospiculata to which allusion has 
been made, from the settling tanks of the city waterworks, a situa- 
tion which might be expected to be favorable for the growth of 
sponges. 


A REVISION OF THE FORMS OF THE HAIRY WOODPECKER 
(DRYOBATES VILLOSUS [LINNAEUS)). 


By Harry C. OBERHOLSER, 
Assistant Ornithologist, Department of Agriculture. 


A cursory examination of the hairy woodpeckers (Dryobates villosus 
[Linnaeus]), made some time ago, showed conclusively that they 
were much in need of revision. This task I finally undertook, 
largely at the request of Mr. Ridgway, who generously placed at my 
disposal all the material he had gathered, and all the measurements 
he had made for use in preparing his account of this species for the 
forthcoming fifth part of his ‘‘ Birds of North and Middle America.” 
This material consists of altogether 1,070 specimens, and comprises 
the collections of the United States National Museum, including that 
of the Biological Survey; the American Museum of Natural History; 
the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Massachusetts, 
including the Bangs collection; the Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia; the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania; and 
the Field Museum of Chicago. With this excellent series, which repre- 
sents all the forms of the species, most of them very satisfactorily, 
it has been possible to work out the distribution of the various races 
in considerable detail, which the accompanying map graphically 
represents. 

The hairy woodpecker, as a species, ranges from Alaska and 
northern Canada south to Panama, and has 14 currently recog- 
nized forms, which the present investigation increases to 20. It 
is preeminently a bird of the forest, and in eastern and northern 
North America frequents both lowlands and highlands indiscrimi- 
nately; but in the arid western United States and Mexico perforce, 
in Central America, apparently from choice, it is an inhabitant of the 
mountains. Most of the forms are sedentary, but three—Dryobates 
villosus septentrionalis, Dryobates villosus villosus, and Dryobates vil- 
losus harrisi—have a well-marked southward movement in autumn 
and winter. Nearly all conform very well to the boundaries of the life 
zones, as now understood, although they range usually through two 
or exceptionally even three zones. The distribution of a few of the 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1840. 


596 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


races is somewhat interesting, and is worthy of mention here. The 
Newfoundland bird, Dryobates villosus terraenovae, is most closely allied 
to Dryobates villosus leucothorectis,| from New Mexico and Arizona, 
and very different from the races that occupy the intervening 2,000 
miles; while both Dryobates villosus harrist and Dryobates villosus 
picoideus, from Alaska and British Columbia, approach much nearer, in 
color at least, to Dryobates villosus hylobatus? and Dryobates villosus 
enissomenus,? from central Mexico, than to the races that are geograph- 
ically adjacent. The northern Bahama Islands are occupied by two 
forms, which have become differentiated, in the color of the lores, from 
all the other subspecies, probably by isolation. Furthermore, there is 
almost a regular increase of size toward the north, from the smallest 
race, Dryobates villosus extimus, of Panama, to the two largest, Dry- 
obates villosus monticola, of Montana and British Columbia, and Dryo- 
bates villosus septentrionalis of Mackenzie and Alaska. 

The adult female hairy woodpecker differs from the male only in 
somewhat smaller size and in the absence of the red occipital band. 
The juvenals of both sexes closely resemble the adults, except that 
nearly the whole top of the head is red. 

In the measurements given under the various forms, none but 
perfectly typical specimens have been used, except in a few cases 
where such exclusion was rendered inadvisable by the smallness of 
the series available; for to include intermediates in measurement 
averages manifestly obscures the differences that really exist. The 
length of the tail is less reliable than other dimensions, as it is in all 
woodpeckers, since, on account of the unusual amount of wear to 
which the feathers are subject, it varies greatly. All measurements 
are in millimeters. In the lists of specimens examined, each locality 
is to be regarded as a breeding station unless specific statement is 
made to the contrary. 

The following key may serve for an aid in distinguishing the 
various forms, in addition to setting forth their salient characters 
more clearly than do the descriptions. 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF DRYOBATES VILLOSUS. 


a. Lores entirely white. 
b. Inner webs of outer tail-feathers without black spots. Dryobates villosus maynardt. 
b’. Inner webs of two or three outer pairs of tail-feathers with subterminal black 
SpOte: to28) Ss see. ee ere ee hs See te ee Dryobates villosus piger. 
a’. Lores partly black. 
b. Upper wing-coverts with many and conspicuous white spots. 
c. Size smaller; spots on wing-coverts smaller; lower parts less purely white. 
Dryobates villosus audubonsiét, 
¢. Size larger; spots on wing-coverts larger; lower parts usually pure white. 
d. Smaller, wing of male usually less than 128 mm. (average, 120.9). 
Dryobates villosus villosus. 


1 See p. 608. 2 See p. 617. 3 See p. 614. 


no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECK ERS—OBERHOLSER. 597 


d’. Larger, wing of male usually more than 128 mm. (average, 132.4). 
Dryobates villosus septentrionalis. 
b’. Upper wing-coverts with few er no white spots. 
c. Lower parts white or brownish white. 
d. Lower surface pure white. 
e. Larger, wing of male averaging more than 130 mm. 
Dryobates villosus monticola. 
e’. Smaller, wing of male averaging less than 130 mm. 
J. Dorsal white stripe without spots or bars of black; superior wing-coverts 
with less white; size slightly smaller. 
Dryobates villosus leucothorectis. 
J’. Dorsal white stripe often with spots or bars of black; superior wing- 
coverts with more white; size slightly larger. 
Dryobates villosus terraenovae. 
d’. Lower surface brownish white. 
e. Larger, wing of male over 126 mm. (averaging 129.1). 
Dryobates villosus orius. 
e’. Smaller, wing of male less than 126 mm. (averaging 121.7). 
ye bilbmuch larger. 2255.2 cr -cire so oce 532 eee < Dryobates villosus hyloscopus. 
7 e billima chismallers: | owen. Weis es Ye ee Dryobates villosus icastus, 
c’. Lower parts smoky brown. 
d. Lower surface lighter—usually light smoky brown. 
e. Larger; ventral surface paler............-..-. Dryobates villosus intermedius, 
e’. Smaller; ventral surface usually darker. 
Jf. Red occipital band of male wider; lower parts more rusty brown. 
Dryobates villosus fumeus. 
J’. Red occipital band of male more narrow; lower parts more grayish brown. 
Dryobates villosus enissomenus. 
d’. Lower surface darker—deep smoky brown. 
e. Light dorsal stripe and white tail-feathers more or less spotted or barred 
avy lo are cee scars ce pe ns Oe eso ae a eae Dryobates villosus picoideus. 
e’. Light dorsal stripe and white tail-feathers without spots or bars of black. 
jf. Larger (wing of male usually more than 125 mm., averaging 127.8 mm.; 
exposed culmen usually more than 29 mm., averaging 31.7 mm.); 
lower parts paler, more grayish, brown... .Dryobates villosus harrisi. 
jf’. Smaller (wing of male less than 125 mm., averaging under 124 mm.; 
exposed culmen less than 29 mm. _ ayeeaie under 28 mm.); eee 
parts darker, more rufescent, snow. 
g. Under surface lighter; size larger (wing of male more than 113 mm., 
averaging over 114 mm.). 
h. Smaller (wing of male less than 120 mm.). 
Dryobates villosus jardinit. 
h’. Larger (wing of male more than 120 mm.). 
Dryobates villosus hylobatus. 
g’. Under surface darker; size smaller (wing of male less than 113 mm., 
averaging under 112 mm.). 
h. Larger (wing of male usually more than 107 mm., averaging 109.4 
mm.); dorsal stripe darker, more brownish. 
Dryobates villosus sanctorum. 
h’, Smaller (wing of male usually less than 107 mm., averaging 102.8 
mm.); dorsal stripe paler, more whitish. 
Dryobates villosus extimus. 


598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


DRYOBATES VILLOSUS VILLOSUS (Linnaeus). 


Picus villosus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. 1, 1766, p. 175. 

Picus leucomelas Boppagrrt, Tabl. Planch. Enlum., 1783, No. 345, fig. 1, p. 21 
(Canada). 

Picus canadensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., vol. 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 487 (Canada). 

Picus leucomelanus WAGLER, Syst. Avium, 1827, Picus No. 18, p. 20 (Canada). 

Picus martini AupuBOoN, Birds Amer. (folio), vol. 4, 1838, pl. 417, figs. 1, 2 
(Toronto, Ontario, Canada). 

Picus philippsi AupuBoN, Birds Amer. (folio), vol. 4, 1838, pl. 417, figs. 5, 6 
(Massachusetts). 

Picus martinae AuDUBON, Ornith. Biog., vol. 5, 1839, p. 181 (Toronto, Once 
Canada) (nom. emend. pro Picus martini AUDUBON). 

Picus villosus, var. medius Batrp, Rep. Explor. and Surv. R. R. Pac., vol. 9, 
1858, p. 84 (Middle States [of United States]). 


Chars. subsp.—Size medium (wing of male averaging 120.9 mm.) ; 
lower parts white; upper wing-coverts heavily spotted with white. 

Description.—Adult male, No. 101565, U.S.N.M.; Chester County, 
Pennsylvania, January 6, 1885; B. H. Warren. Upper parts gener- 
ally, sides of head and neck, a broad malar stripe, wings, and middle 
tail-feathers, black; occipital band scarlet; nasal tufts grayish white; 
a broad superciliary stripe, a broad rictal stripe prolonged to the 
side of the cervix, a broad dorsal stripe, large spots on both webs of 
remiges, and on most of the upper wing-coverts, with all of the 
two outer rectrices (including the dwarfed outermost one), most of 
the third, and terminal portion of fourth, and entire lower surface 
of body, pure white. 

Measurements—Male:1 Wing, 118-124 (average, 120.9) mm.; 
tail, 65-77 (71.7); exposed culmen, 27-33 (29.4); tarsus, 21-23 
(22); middle toe, 138-15.5 (14.5). 

Female:? Wing, 115-121.5 (118.6); tail, 69-78.5 (73.5); exposed 
culmen, 25-30 (26.9); tarsus, 20-22.5 (21); middle toe, 13-14.5 (13.9). 

Type-locality— Racoon, New Jersey (ex Kalm). 

Geographical distribution Canadian, Transition, and Upper Austral 
zones of the eastern United States and southern Canada: east to the 
Atlantic coast; north to Nova Scotia; New Brunswick; Magdalen 
Islands, Gaspé Peninsula, and Rideau River (near city of Quebec), in 
southern Quebec; Emsdale, south central Ontario; and Moose Lake, 
southwestern Keewatin; west to Manitoba; central North Dakota; 
central South Dakota; central Nebraska; Dry Willow Creek (Yuma 
County) and Fowler, in eastern Colorado; and Lipscomb and San 
Angelo, in middle Texas; south to Mason, central Texas; Van Buren, 
central western Arkansas; Endy, southeastern Missouri; Odin, 
southern Illinois; Brookville, southern Indiana; Guthrie, south- 
western Kentucky; Huntsville, northern Alabama; Mitchell County, 
northwestern North Carolina; Washington County, southwestern 


1 Twenty specimens, from New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and the District of Columbia. 
2 Seventeen specimens, from the same localities. 


no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 599 


Virginia; and central Virginia. In winter it occurs south to Raleigh, 
central North Carolina; Wheatland, southwestern Indiana; and 
Mount Carmel, southeastern Illinois. 

This, the first form of the species to receive a binomial name, is 
really an intermediate between the small Florida Dryobates villosus 
audubonii, on the one hand, and the large Canadian Dryobates 
villosus septentrionalis, on the other, from both of which it differs 
chiefly in size. The amount of difference between birds from Florida 
and those from Mackenzie, Canada, is, however, very great, and it 
seems much better to recognize three forms than to divide all the 
birds from the wide middle area between only two—a large northern 
andasmall southern race. Further division of these eastern birds does 
not, however, after careful study, appear to be advisable. Specimens 
from the States of New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, which 
are of practically the same size, seem most satisfactorily to represent 
the middle race, Dryobates villosus villosus, the type of which came 
from New Jersey; and these have, therefore, been taken to establish 
the standard of size. With this criterion, fairly satisfactory ranges 
may be worked out, which, in a general way, are seen to correspond 
to the currently accepted life zones. 

Examples from southern Ontario and from New Brunswick 
average noticeably larger than those from Pennsylvania and New 
York, the difference being about 4 mm. in the length of the wing, 
but they are evidently referable to D. v. villosus. Two breeding 
birds from southeastern Maine are large enough for Dryobates villosus 
septentrionalis (wings, respectively, 129 and 130 mm.), but sur- 
rounded, as they are, by smaller birds, it seems best to consider them 
abnormal individuals of D. v. villosus. Specimens from western 
North Carolina and middle and eastern Tennessee average smaller 
(2 to 3 mm. in length of wing) than typical D. v. villosus, and have 
also somewhat less white on the wing-coverts, but are nevertheless 
nearer this form than to Dryobates villosus audubonii. 

The hairy woodpecker was first described by Linnaeus as Picus 
villosus,! and based upon Kalm,? Catesby,? and Brisson.4 Kalm’s 
bird is from New Jersey, and represents the middle eastern race; 
Catesby’s from South Carolina, and thus the form now called Dryo- 
bates villosus audubonii; while Brisson’s is a mixture of the two, but 
applies chiefly and properly to the former. The first author to re- 
strict the name villosus was Swainson,® who described the small south- 
ern bird as Picus auduboni,® and called the more northern form Picus 
villosus. This arrangement has been generally followed by subse- 
quent authors; and there is no reason why it should now be changed. 


1 Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. 1, 1766, p. 175. 4 Ornith., vol. 4, 1760, p. 48. 
2 Resa Norra Amer., vol 3, 1761, p. 43. 6 Fauna Bor.-Amer., vol. 2, 1831 (1832), p. 306. 
3 Nat. Hist. Carolina, vol. 1, 1731, p. 19, pl. 19. 


600 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


The Picus martini of Audubon,! from Toronto, Ontario; his Picus 
philippsi,? from Massachusetts; and his Picus martinae,’ are all refer- 
able to the present race, as their measurements clearly indicate. The 
Picus villosus, var. medius of Baird‘ also evidently belongs here. 
The status of Picus leucomelas Boddaert,> Picus canadensis Gmelin,® 
and Picus leucomelanus Wagler,’? which have commonly been referred 
to the large northern Canada race, are fully discussed under Dryo- 
bates villosus septentrionalis.® 

Of this form, 115 specimens have been examined, from the following 
localities: 

Keewatin.—Moose Lake. 

Manitoba.—lLake Manitoba; Carberry. 

New Brunswick—Gulquac Lake (Victoria County); Forks of 
Tobique River (Victoria County) ; Restigouche River. 

Nova Scotia.—Yarmouth; Wolfville; Newport. 

Oniario.—Toronto; Emsdale. 

Alabama.—Huntsville. 

Arkansas.—Van Buren. 

Colorado.—Dry Willow Creek (Yuma County); Lamar; Holly; 
Swink; Fowler. 

Connecticut.—W ashington; Lyme. 

District of Columbia.—Rock Creek; Takoma. 

TIilinois.—Grand Chain; Lewistown; Jacksonville; Worth; McHenry; 
Mount Carroll; Lake Forest; Mount Carmel.® 

Indiana.—Brookville; Wheatland.°® 

Towa.—Hardin County; Knoxville; Winnebago County; Delaware; 
Dickinson County. 

Kansas.—{No further locality.] 

Kentucky.— Barbourville; Lexington; Guthrie. 

Maine.—Sebec Lake; Upton; South Twin Lake (Penobscot 
County); Turkey Tail; Columbia Falls; King and Bartlett Lake 
(Somerset County). 

Maryland.—Finzel; Bittinger; Takoma; Prince George County ; 
Laurel; Jefferson. 

Massachusetts Newton; Cambridge; Brookline; Belmont; Way- 
land; Newtonville; Cotuit; Lincoln; Waltham; Lexington. 

Michigan.—Manchester; McKinley (Oscoda County); Kalamazoo 
County; Washington Harbor, Isle Royale. 

Minnesota.—Hinckley; Fort Snelling; Kittson County. 

Missourt.—Marble Cave; Thayer; Casto Valley, near Endy (Shan- 
non County); Spring Valley, near Endy (Shannon County). 


1 Birds Amer. (folio), vol. 4, 1838, pl. 417, figs. 1, 2. 6 Tabl. Planch. Enlum., 1783, p. 21. 

2 Birds Amer. (folio), vol. 4, 1838, pl. 417, figs. 5, 6. 6 Syst. Nat., vol. 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 437. 

3 Ornith. Biog., vol. 5, 1839, p. 181. 7 Syst. Avium, 1827, Picus No. 18, p. 20. 
4 Rep. Explor. and Surv. R. R. Pac., vol. 9, 1858, 8 See p. 604. 


p. 84. 9 Not breeding at this locality. 


no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 601 


New Hampshire-—Shelburne; Epsom; Franconia; Hampton; 
Ossipee. 

New Jersey.—Cape May County; Egg Harbor; Tuckerton; Hobo- 
ken; Haddonfield. 

New York.—Steuricke; Canandaigua; Stamford; Highland Falls; 
Lake Grove; Plateau Mountain, Catskill Mountains; Chataugay 
Lake; Ithaca; Syracuse; Long Island; Saint Regis Lake; Leyden; 
Hilton (Monroe County); Kiskatom; Suspension Bridge. 

North Carolina.—Mitchell County; Raleigh. 

Pennsylvamia.—Shade Gap (Huntington County); Mapleton; 
Belsano; Greenwood Furnace; Ohio Pyle; Crumb; Kimbleville 
(Chester County); Westtown; Wilkinsburg; Riddlesburg; Carlisle; 
West Goshen; Erie; Coudersport; Leasuresville; Bear Lake (Warren 
County); Laughlinstown; Conneaut Lake; Spruce Creek; Cherry 
Spring (Potter County). 

South Dakota.—F¥ort Randall. 

Tennessee.—Lexington; Cross Mountain; Briceville; High Cliff; 
Rockwood; Roan Mountain. 

Texas.—Lipscomb; Cisco; Carbon; Eastland County. 

Vermont.—Clarendon. 

Virginia.—Prince William County; Gainesville; Falls Church; 
Washington County. 

Wisconsin.—Kenosha; Sayner; Solon Springs; Camp Douglas; 


De Pere; Beloit; Woodruff (Vilas County). 


DRYOBATES VILLOSUS AUDUBONII (Swainson). 


Picus audubonit Swarnson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., vol. 2, 1831 (1832), p. 306. 

Picus villosus, var. minor Barrp, Rep. Explor. and Surv. R. R. Pac., vol. 9, 1858, 
p. 85 (Southern States [of United States]). 

Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus villosus, but smaller; 
white spots on upper wing-coverts smaller and less numerous. 

Measurements.—Male:? Wing, 110.5-117.5 (average, 113.9) mm.; 
tail, 58-69 (65.1); exposed culmen, 26.5—-30.5 (28.3); tarsus, 19.5-21.5 
(20.6); middle toe, 13-14.5 (13.7). 

Female:? Wing, 108.5-115.5 (112.6); tail, 59-70 (64.8); exposed 
culmen, 25-27.5 (26.2); tarsus, 19-20 (19.5); middle toe, 12.5-14 
(3.2): 

Type-locality.— Georgia, U.S. A. 

Geographical distribution.—Lower Austral Zone of the southeastern 
United States: east to the Atlantic seaboard; south to the Gulf of 
Mexico, and in Florida to Bassinger and Fort Meyer; north to Lake 
Drummond, southeastern Virginia; Raleigh, central North Carolina; 
Caesar’s Head, northwestern South Carolina; central Georgia; cen- 


1 Not breeding at this locality. 3 Ten specimens, from Florida and southern Georgia. 
2 Ten specimens, from Florida. 


602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


tral Alabama; Burnsville, northeastern Mississippi; central Arkansas; 
and up the Mississippi and Ohio valleys to Cushion Lake, in south- 
eastern Missouri, Sugar Creek Prairie (Richland County) and Mount 
Carmel, in southeastern Illinois, and Wheatland in southwestern 
Indiana; west to Jefferson and Austin in eastern Texas. 

Birds from Florida are very small and have least white on the 
wing-coverts, representing thus the extreme development of this 
form, and for this reason we have used them as the basis of compari- 
sons. 

Specimens from southern Georgia, Louisiana, and eastern Texas 
are quite as small as those from Florida, but in South Carolina and 
North Carolina they become somewhat larger. A single adult male 
from Lake Drummond, Dismal Swamp, southeastern Virginia, is 
considerably larger, and verges toward Dryobates villosus villosus, 
but has a smaller amount of white on the wing-coverts, and seems 
to be nearer the present race. Breeding birds from the bottomlands 
of the lower Wabash Valley, in Richland and Wabash counties, 
southeastern Illinois, and in Knox County, southwestern Indiana, 
while somewhat larger than typical D. v. auduboni, are, nevertheless, 
nearer to this than to D. v. villosus; which latter form, however, 
occupies the neighboring uplands, and descends to the river bottoms 
in winter. 

I have examined 112 examples of this race, representing the 
following localities: 

Arkansas.—Mississippi County ; Armorel. 

Florida.—Enterprise; Whitfield; Mullet Lake; Kissimmee River 
at Fort Gardner; Arbuckle; Osceola County; Moses Creek; Pilot 
Town; Jacksonville; Winter Park; Hibernia; Lake Hatch-ne-haw; 
Kissimmee; Lake Kissimmee; San Mateo; Fort Thompson; Tarpon 
Springs; Magnolia; Welaka; Rosewood; Smyrna; Sebastian River; 
Hollyhill. 

Georgia.—LeConte Plantation, Riceboro; Washington County; St. 
Marys; Liberty County. 

Tilinois —Sugar Creek Prairie (Richland County); Mount Carmel; 
Mound City; Olive Branch. 

Indiana.—Wheatland. 

Louisiana.—Houma; Natchitoches; Belair; Mandeville. 

Mississippi.—Burnsville; Washington. 

Missouri.—Cushion Lake. 

North Carolina.—Raleigh. 

South Carolina.—Lanes; Kershaw County; Mount Pleasant; Aiken 
County; Port Royal; Ceesar’s Head. 

Texas.—Giddings; Hempstead; Sour Lake; Jefferson. 

Virginia.—Lake Drummond, Dismal Swamp. 


no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 603 


DRYOBATES VILLOSUS MAYNARDI Ridgway. 


Picus insularis MAYNARD, Sale Catalogue Bahama Birds, Aug. 1, 1884, p. — (nec 
Picus insularis GouLD, 1862, qui Dryobates insularis [GouLp]). 

Dryobates villosus maynardi Ripaway, Man. North Amer. Birds, 1887, p. 282 
(nom. noy. pro Picus insularis Mayrearay praeocc.). 

Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus audubonii, but lores 
entirely white, instead of mostly black; wing-coverts more heavily 
spotted with white; size smaller. 

Measurements—Male:1 Wing, 103-109 (average, 107.3) mm.; 
tail, 61.5-68 (65.2); exposed culmen, 26—29.5 (27.7); tarsus, 19-20.5 
(19.8); middle toe, 13-14.5 (13.7). 

Female:? Wing, 100.5-108.5 (104); tail, 61-68.5 (63.9); exposed 
culmen, 23.5-27 (25); tarsus, 17.5-19.5 (19); middle toe, 12.5-13.5 
(12.8). 

Type-locality.—Nassau, New Providence Island, Bahama Islands. 

Geographical distribution.—Bahaman Upper Tropical Zone, on 
New Providence and Andros Islands, Bahama Islands. 

Specimens from the island of Andros are practically identical in 
measurements with those from New Providence Island. 

Forty specimens have been available, from the subjoined localities: 

Bahama Islands——Nassau, New Providence Island; Blue Hills, 
New Providence Island; south side of New Providence Island; 
Southern Bight, Andros Island; Staniard Creek, Andros Island; 
Nicol’s Town, Andros Island; Red Bays, Andros Island. 


DRYOBATES VILLOSUS PIGER G. M, Allen. 
Dryobates villosus piger G. M. ALLEN, Auk, vol. 22, 1905, p. 124. 


Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus maynardi, but outer 
(long) tail-feathers usually with black spots on terminal portion of 
inner webs. 

Medsurements.—Male:? Wing, 105.5-110 (average, 107) mm.; tail, 
62.5-65.5 (64); exposed culmen, 27.5-29.5 (28.5); tarsus, 20-20.5 
* (20.3); middle toe, 12.5-14 (13.4). 

Female:* Wing, 100-109.5 (104.2); tail, 60-68 (63.3); exposed 
culmen, 22.5-27 (24.4); tarsus, 18-20.5 (19); middle toe, 12-14 (13)e 

Ty pe-locality.—Great Bahama Island, Bahama Islands. 

Geographical distribution —Bahaman Upper Tropical Zone, on 
Abaco and Great Bahama islands, Bahama Islands. 

While the character of spots on the rectrices, which distinguishes 
this race from Dryobates villosus maynardi, is not entirely constant, it 
is sufficiently so to warrant the recognition of Dryobates villosus piger. 


1 Thirteen specimens, from the islands of Andros and New Providence, Bahama Islands. 
2 Thirteen specimens, from the same two islands. 

3 Six specimens, from the islands of Abaco and Great Bahama, Bahama Islands. 

4 Twelve specimens, from the same two islands. 


604 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


Birds from Abaco Island are of practically the same size as those from 
the island of Great Bahama. 

Specimens examined, 19, from the localities that follow: 

Bahama Islands.—Abaco Island; Great Bahama Island. 


DRYOBATES VILLOSUS SEPTENTRIONALIS (Nuttall). 


Dryobates villosus leucomelas Auctt. rec., nec Boddaert. 
Picus septentrionalis Nurraui, Man. Ornith. U. 8. and Canada, ed. 2, vol. 1, 1840, 
. 684. 
roa villosus, var. major Barrp, Rep. Explor. and Surv. R. R. Pac., vol. 9, 1858, 
p. 84 (northern and western regions [of North America]). 
Picus cuvieri MALHERBE, Mon. Picidées, vol. 1, 1861, p. 85, pl. xxii, fig. 3 (North 
America). 

Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus villosus, but decidedly 
larger. 

Measurements.—Male:1 Wing, 128-138 (average, 132.4) mm.; tail, 
77.5-87 (83.5) ; exposed culmen, 31.5-37.5 (35.8) ; tarsus, 22-25 (23.5); 
middle toe, 14.5—-16 (15.3). 

Female:? Wing, 128-136.5 (130.8); tail, 78.5-90.5 (84.8); exposed 
culmen, 29.5-33.5 (31.7) ; tarsus, 22-23.5 (22.7); middle toe, 13.5-15.5 
(14.4). 

Type-locality Saskatchewan River, Saskatchewan, Canada. 

Geographical distribution.—Hudsonian and Canadian zones of 
northern North America: east to the Eskimo River, northeastern 
Quebec [formerly Labrador]; south to Pointe de Monts (probably) 
and Temiskaming, in central Quebec; northern Ontario; southeastern 
and south central Keewatin; Fort Union, northwestern North 
Dakota; Glasgow and Big Snowy Mountains, in northeastern Mon- 
tana; southern Alberta; and Soda Creek (Caribou District), south 
central British Columbia; west to Fort Grahame, north central 
British Columbia; and Homer (Kenai Peninsula), middle southern 
Alaska; north to Fort Reliance, central Yukon; Lake Hardisty, cen- 
tral Mackenzie; Fort Churchill, central Keewatin; Moose Factory, 
northern Ontario; and the Hamilton River, northern Quebec. In 
winter it wanders southward as far as Rat Portage, western Ontario; 
Roseau River (Kittson County), northern Minnesota; Fort Randall, 
southern South Dakota; Harrison, northwestern Nebraska; Fort 
Keogh and Corvallis, south central Montana; and the Similkameen 
River, southern British Columbia. 

There is surprisingly little difference in size in this subspecies be- 
tween examples from Montana and those from Mackenzie and Alaska. 
Birds from northern Montana and central British Columbia have some- 
what less white on the superior wing-coverts, showing thus a tendency 
toward Dryobates villosus monticola. A single summer female from 


1 Twelve specimens, from Montana, Saskatchewan, and Mackenzie. 
2 Nine specimens, from Quebec, Alberta, Mackenzie, Yukon, and Alaska. 


‘yo. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 605 


Temiskaming, Quebec, is rather small, but altogether too large for 
Dryobates v. villosus, and doubtless represents the breeding form of 
that region. This is the southernmost breeding locality for Dryobates 
v. septentrionalis in eastern North America. 

This large northern hairy woodpecker has hitherto been called 
Dryobates villosus leucomelas (Boddaert),! apparently because of the 
Canadian habitat assigned; but an examination of the origin of this 
name shows this view to be erroneous. Boddaert based his Picus 
leucomelas? on D’Aubenton’s Planches Enluminées, No. 345, fig. 1; 
Buffon’s “Epeiche du Canada’; and Brisson’s ‘“Picus varius cana- 
densis’’*. Buffon derived his description wholly from Brisson, so 
the matter resolves itself into an identification of D’Aubenton’s 
plate and Brisson’s description. Fortunately the measurements 
given by Brisson, of which the most satisfactory is the length of the 
bill, and the dimensions obtainable from D’Aubenton’s drawing 
leave no doubt that the bird of both is altogether too small for the 
large race of northern Canada, and is none other than typical Dryo- 
bates villosus villosus of southern Canada and the northeastern 
United States. Boddaert’s name* becomes therefore a synonym of 
Dryobates villosus villosus. Gmelin’s Picus canadensis’ and Wagler’s 
Picus leucomelanus® have practically the same basis as Boddaert’s 
name, and are consequently identical in application. The earliest 
tenable subspecific term for the present race becomes, therefore, 
(Picus) septentrionalis of Nuttall,’ which is a new name for Picus 
canadensis Audubon,’ not Gmelin. 

Forty-four specimens have been examined, and the following locali- 
ties are represented: 

Alaska.—Homer. 

Alberta.—Canadian National Park; Grand Cache River, 70 miles 
north of Jasper; Grand Cache, Smoky River; Smith Landing, Slave 
River; near outlet of Athabaska Lake. 

British Columbia.—Soda Creek (Caribou District); Fort Grahame; 
Similkameen River.® 

Mackenzie.—¥ort Liard; Liard River; Fort Smith; Fort Simpson; 
Fort Providence; Fort Resolution. 

Ontario.—Toronto;* Rat Portage; ® New Liskeard. 

Quebec.—Temiskaming. 

Saskatchewan.—Wingard; Saint Louis. 

1 Picus leucomelas Boddaert, Tabl. Planch. Enlum., 1783, No. 345, fig. 1, p. 21. 
2Tabl. Planch. Enlum., 1783, No. 345, fig. 1. 

3 Ornith., vol. 4, 1760, p. 45. 

4 Picus leucomelas, Tabl. Planch. Enlum., 1783, p. 21. 

5 Syst. Nat., vol. 1, 1788, p. 437. 

6 Syst. Avium, 1827, Picus No. 18, p. 20. 

7 Man. Ornith. U. S. and Canada, ed. 2, vol. 1, 1840, p. 684. 


8 Ornith. Biog., vol. 5, 1839, p. 188. 
9 Not breeding at this locality. 


606 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 40. 


Yukon.—Fifty-mile River, Yukon River; Fort Reliance. 

Minnesota.—Roseau River (Kittson County).! 

Montana.—Big Snowy Mountains; Glasgow; Fort Keogh;! Cor- 
vallis.! 

Nebraska.—Harrison (Sioux County). 

North Dakota.—Fort Union; Pembina.! 

South Dakota.—Fort Randall.! 


DRYOBATES VILLOSUS MONTICOLA Anthony. 


Dryobates villosus montanus ANTHONY, Auk, vol. 13, 1896, p. 32 (nec Picus mon- 
tanus Bren, qui Dryobates major [LINNAEUS]). 

[Dryobates villosus] monticola ANtHony, Auk, vol. 15, 1898, p. 54 (nom. noy. 
pro Dryobates villosus montanus ANTHONY, praeocc.). 

Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus septentrionalis, but 
upper wing-coverts with few and small white spots or none. 

Measurements.—Male:* Wing, 130-137.5 (average, 133.3) mm.; 
tail, 78.5-89.5 (82.5); exposed culmen, 28-34 (32.6); tarsus, 22—24.5 
(22.7); middle toe, 14-16 (14.7). 

Female:* Wing, 126.5-134.5 (131.1); tail, 71.5-87.5 (79.8); ex- 
posed culmen, 28-31 (29.5); tarsus, 21.5-23.5 (22.1); middle toe, 
13.5-15.5 (14.3). 

Type-locality— Boulder County, Colorado. 

Geographical distribution.—Canadian and Transition zones in the 
Rocky Mountains of the United States and southern British Columbia: 
south to the town of Florida, in southwestern Colorado; and Pecos 
Baldy, central northern New Mexico; east to Chico Springs, north- 
eastern New Mexico; Pueblo, Denver, and Loveland, in eastern 
Colorado; Laramie Peak, southeastern Wyoming; Harrison, north- 
western Nebraska; Elk Mountain, western South Dakota; and Fort 
Keogh, eastern Montana; north to the Big Bend of the Mussellshell 
River, central Montana; Chief Mountain Lake, northwestern Mon- 
tana; and Lac La Hache, south central British Columbia; west to 
the Similkameen River, central southern British Columbia; Con- 
conully and Spokane, northeastern Washington; the Sawtooth 
Mountains and Bridge, middle Idaho; Parley’s Park (Wasatch 
Mountains) and the Uinta Mountains, in northeastern Utah; and Rio 
Blanco County and Montrose, western Colorado. 

This race differs from the eastern Dryobates villosus villosus as from 
Dryobates villosus septentrionalis, and additionally in much greater 
size. It nearly always has a little white on the wing-coverts, but this 
is sometimes absent. Birds from Montana have more of such white 
spotting than those from typical regions, and are more or less inter- 

1 Not breeding at this locality. 


2 Ten specimens, from Colorado, Wyoming, South Dakota, and Montana. 
8 Hight specimens, from Colorado, Utah, Idaho, and Montana. 


no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 607 


mediate between the present form and Dryobates villosus septentrio- 
nalis. 

Of this subspecies, 134 examples have been available in the present 
connection, these representing the following localities: 

British Columbia.—Similkameen River; Crater Mountain, Ashnola 
River; Vernon; Lac La Hache; Okanogan; Okanogan Landing; 
Okanogan Mission; between Penticton and Okanogan; Ashcroft; 
Kamloops. 

Colorado.—Estes Park; Rio Blanco County; Reed Mills; Montrose; 
Deer Creek; Fort Garland; Pueblo; Colorado City; Colorado Springs; 
Pagosa; Denver; Boulder; Loveland; Palmer Lake; Florida (La 
Plata County). 

Idaho.—Salmon River Mountains; Priest Lake; Bridge. 

Montana.—Stillwater; Saint Marys Lake; Summit; Bear Tooth 
Lake; Fort Custer; Lame Deer; Fort Keogh; Chief Mountain Lake; 
Hellgate; Jefferson River; Fort Benton; Cinnabar; Florence; Big 
Bend of Musselshell River; Darnall’s; Zortman; Bitterroot Valley. 

Nebraska.—Harrison (Sioux County); Squaw Canyon (Sioux 
County). 

New Mexico.—Tierra Amarilla; Pecos Baldy; Costilla River; Twin- 
ing; Tres Piedras; Cieneguilla; Arroyo Seco; La Jara Lake; Oak 
Canyon, Raton Range; Stinking Spring Lakes; Arroyo Hondo; 
Santa Clara Canyon; Chico Springs. 

South Dakota.—Elk Mountain. 

Utah.—Uinta Mountains; Parley’s Park (Wasatch Mountains). 

Washington.—¥ort Spokane; Usk (Stevens County); Conconully. 

Wyoming.—Powder River; La Barge Creek; Wind River Moun- 
tains; South Pass City; Devils Tower; Springhill; Shirley Mountains; 
Rawhide Butte; Fort Bridger; Laramie Peak; Green River; Pahaska; 
Valley; Head of Trapper’s Creek, Bighorn Mountains; Crook County. 


DRYOBATES VILLOSUS TERRAENOVAE Batchelder. 


Dryobates villosus terraenovae BATCHELDER, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, vol. 4, 
June 24, 1908, p. 37. 

Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus monticola, but smaller; 
upper wing-coverts with somewhat more white; white dorsal stripe 
often spotted or irregularly barred with black. 

Measurements.—Male:! Wing, 126-133.5 (average, 128.4) mm.; 
tail, 80.5-90 (83.4); exposed culmen, 29.5-32 (30.7); tarsus, 21.5- 
23.5 (22.4), middle toe, 15-16 (15.4). 

Female:? Wing, 122-128 (124.8); tail, 80.5-86 (82.8); exposed 
culmen, 25.5-27 (26.3); tarsus, 21.5-23.5 (22.2); middle toe, 14— 
15 (14.6). 

Ty pe-locality.—Placentia, Newfoundland. 


1 Six specimens, from Newfoundland. 2 Five specimens, from Newfoundland. 


608 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


Geographical distribution.—Canadian and Hudsonian zones of 
Newfoundland. 

As is the case with so many Newfoundland or Labrador races of 
birds, this hairy woodpecker is really much more like some of the 
western forms than it is like either Dryobates villosus villosus, or Dryo- 
bates villosus septentrionalis, the subspecies which lie geographically 
nearest. It is closest to Dryobates villosus leucothorectis 1 from New 
Mexico and Arizona, but differs in sightly larger size, particularly of 
the tail and middle toe; in having white spots on the wing-coverts, 
and often black spots or bars on the white dorsal stripe. It may 
readily be distinguished from Dryobates villosus villosus by its larger 
size, much less conspicuously white spotted lesser and middle wing- 
coverts, and the often black spotted or barred white dorsal stripe; 
and from Dryobates v. septentrionalis by the same color characters, 
as well as by shorter wing and bill. 

The mixture of black in the white dorsal stripe, a character shared 
by only Dryobates villosus picoideus, although not constant, appears 
in many specimens. In some examples of D. v. terraenovae, black 
spots on the tail-feathers may be noticed. 

We have seen 11 examples of this form, from the following localities: 

Newfoundland.—Codroy; Locke’s Cove; Humber River; Canada 
Bay. 

io DRYOBATES VILLOSUS LEUCOTHORECTIS, new subspecies. 

Chars. subsp.—Much like Dryobates villosus monticola, but decidedly 
smaller; wing coverts practically always without white spots. 

Description.—Type, adult male, No. 196291, U.S.N.M., Biological 
Survey collection; Burley, New Mexico, September 19, 1905; N. 
Hollister. Upper parts generally, sides of head and neck, a broad 
malar stripe, wings, and middle tail-feathers, black; occipital band 
scarlet; nasal tufts grayish white; a broad superciliary stripe, a 
broad rictal stripe produced to the side of the nape, a broad dorsal 
stripe, spots on both webs of all the remiges except the tertials, 
small spots on a few of the upper wing-coverts, all of the two 
outer rectrices (including the dwarfed outermost one), most of the 
third, and terminal portion of the fourth, and entire under surface 
of body, pure white. 

Measurements.—Male:? Wing, 123.5-131 (average, 126.8) mm.; 
tail, 75.5-86.5 (79.4); exposed culmen, 28.5-33 (30.8); tarsus, 20—-22.5 
(21.5); middle toe, 12.5-15.5 (13.8). 

Female:* Wing, 120.5-128 (123.6); tail, 73-83 (77.8); exposed 
culmen, 24-27.5 (25.9); tarsus, 20-22 (20.8); middle toe, 13-14.5 
(13.5). 


1 See p. 608. 
2 Sixteen specimens, from Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico. 
3 Ten specimens, from Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas. 


no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 609 


Type-locality.— Burley, New Mexico. 

Geographical distribution—Canadian and Transition zones in the 
mountains of the interior southwestern United States: north to the 
Beaver Mountains, south central Utah; Shiprock, northwestern 
New Mexico; and San Pedro, north central New Mexico; east to the 
Capitan Mountains, east central New Mexico; and the Guadalupe 
Mountains, central western Texas; south to the San Andres Moun- 
tains and Silver City, southern New Mexico; and Weber Creek 
(Tonto Basin), central Arizona; west to the Hualapai Mountains, 
western Arizona; and Pine Valley, southwestern Utah. 

The present form differs from Dryobates villosus hyloscopus, of 
northern Lower California and southern California, in longer wing 
and tail, and in pure white lower parts. There is practically no 
difference in size between specimens from Arizona and those from 
most of New Mexico. Those, however, from southwestern New 
Mexico (Kingston, Cliff, Gila, and Mimbres to Rio Grande) are 
smaller, and thus intermediate in dimensions between D. v. leu- 
cothorectis and Dryobates villosus icastus,' but are pure white below 
like the former. 

Specimens to the number of 68 have been handled, by which the 
subjoined localities are represented: 

Arizona.—San Francisco Mountain; Trumbull Spring, Trumbull 
Mountain; northwest of Fort Defiance; Fort Whipple; near Flagstaff; 
Fort Verde; Pine Springs, Colorado Forest; Supai Village, Cataract 
Creek; Oak Creek (Yavapai County); Baker’s Butte; Prescott; Weber 
Creek, Tonto Basin; Little Colorado River, near mouth of Rio Puerco. 

New Mexico.—¥ort Wingate; Mimbres to Rio Grande; Silver City; 
Los Pinos; G.O.S. Ranch, Sapello Creek, Gila National Forest (Grant 
County) ; Manzano Mountains; Glenwood; Burley; Bear Spring Moun- 
tains; San Mateo Mountains; Summit of western end of Capitan 
Mountains; southwestern slopeof Capitan Mountains; southeastern 
slope of Capitan Mountains; Mount Capitan; Datil Mountains; Cloud- 
croft; Copperton; Cliff; Salinas Peak, San Andres Mountains; San 
Pedro; Kingston; Gila; Burro Mounte!>s; Shiprock; Fruitland; Zufi 
Mountains. 

Texas.—Guadalupe Mountains. 

Utah.—Pine Valley; Riverview (San Juan County). 


DRYOBATES VILLOSUS ORIUS, new subspecies. 


Chars. subsp.—Resembling Dryobates villosus leucothorectis, but 
larger; lower parts usually brownish white, instead of pure white. 

Description —Type, adult male, No. 161978, U.S.N.M.; Quincy, 
California, February 10, 1892; E. Garner. Upper parts generally, 


1See p. 612. 
80796°—Proc.N .M.vol.40—11——39 


610 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you, 40. 


sides of head and neck, a broad malar stripe, wings, and middle 
tail-feathers, black; occipital band scarlet; nasal tufts, a broad 
superciliary stripe, a broad rictal stripe produced to the side of the 
cervix, all of the two outer rectrices (including the dwarfed outer- 
most one), most of the third, and terminal portion of the fourth, 
with entire lower parts of body, brownish white; a broad dorsal 
stripe, spots on both webs of all the remiges except the tertials, 
and small spots on a few of the upper wing-coverts, creamy white. 

Measurements.—Male:! Wing, 125.5-132.5 (average, 129.1) mm.; 
tail, 69.5-83.5 (77); exposed culmen, 30-34.5 (31.9); tarsus, 21-24 
(22.9); middle toe, 14-15.5 (15). 

Female:? Wing, 125-128.5 (126.3); tail, 78.5-83 (80.1); exposed 
culmen, 27-27.5 (27.1); tarsus, 21-22 (21.5); middle. toe, 14-15 
(14.4). 

Type-locality— Quincy, California. 

Geographical distribution.—Canadian and Transition zones in the 
mountains of the Great Basin, western United States: north to 
south central Washington; east to Camp Harney, eastern Oregon; 
and the Ruby Mountains, eastern Nevada; south to Are Dome 
(Toyabe Mountains), central Nevada; and Placerville, central 
California; west to the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada in Butte 
and Tehama counties, and to Canyon Creek (Trinity County), 
middle northern California; and Fort Klamath, Diamond Lake, and 
Mount Hood, central Oregon. In winter it wanders casually west- 
ward as far as Puyallup, western Washington. 

This new race may be readily distinguished from Dryobates villosus 
monticola by shorter wing and tail, brownish-tinged lower parts, and 
the even less white-marked, nearly always unspotted, wing-coverts; 
from Dryobates v. harrisi, of the northwestern coast region, by the 
very much more whitish, less smoky brownish color of the under 
surface and all the other light portions of the plumage. Some indi- 
viduals of this form have pure white lower parts, and thus in color 
resemble Dryobates villosus leucothorectis, but their greater size will 
usually serve to distinguish them. 

Of this race, 99 examples, from the subjoined localities, have been 
seen: 

California.—Canyon Creek (Trinity County); Baird; Weber Lake; 
Weaverville; Mount Lassen; Carberry’s Ranch (east central Shasta 
County); Mount Shasta; Lyonsville; Carbondale; Payne P. O. 
(Tehama County); Warmcastle Soda Springs, Squaw Creek Valley 
(near Mount Shasta); Enterprise (Butte County); Blue Canyon, 
Sierra Nevada; Echo (Eldorado County) ; Quincy; Placerville; Fyffe; 
Mount Tallac; Glen Alpine; Fort Crook; Lumpkin Mills (Butte 


1 Thirteen specimens, from California, Oregon, and Nevada. 
2 Four specimens, from the same States. 


no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 611 


County); Silver Creek; mountains near Camp Bidwell; Slippery 
Ford (Eldorado County). 

Nevada.—Truckee River; Glenbrook; Carson City; Are Dome, 
Toyabe Mountains. 

Oregon.—Fort Klamath; Camp Harney; Diamond Lake; Paulina 
Lake; Tule Lake; Mount Hood; Whiskey Creek (Klamath County). 

Washington.—Puyallup.t 


DRYOBATES VILLOSUS HYLOSCOPUS Cabanis and Heinee 


Dryobates hyloscopus CaBanis and Herne, Mus. Hein., vol. 4, pt. 2, 1863, p. 69 
(note). 


Chars. subsp.—Like Dryobates villosus orius, but decidedly smaller. 

Measurements.—Male:? Wing, 118.5-125.5 (average, 121.7) mm.; 
tail, 70-76.5 (73.2); exposed culmen, 28.5-32.5 (30.6); tarsus, 21-22 
(21.6); middle toe, 13-14.5 (13.8). 

Female:* Wing, 114.5-122 (117.8); tail, 67-77 (73.7); exposed 
culmen, 26.5-28 (27.2); tarsus, 19.5-21 (20.4); middle toe, 12.5-13.5 
(che) = 

Type-locality.—San José, California. 

Geographical distribution Canadian and Transition zones in the 
mountains of southern California and northern Lower California: 
south to the San Pedro Martir Mountains, northern Lower California; 
east to the Cuyamaca Mountains and the San Bernardino Mountains, 
central southern California; and the Grapevine Mountains, middle 
eastern California; north, in the Sierra Nevada, to the White Moun- 
tains; and through the coast ranges to Cahto and to Snow Mountain 
(Colusa County), in northwestern California. 

The subspecies Dryobates villosus hyloscopus, as here restricted, 
differs from Dryobates villosus harrisi in decidedly smaller size, and 
very much less deeply smoky brownish lower parts and other light 
areas. : 

Unfortunately the type of D. v. hyloscopus came from San José, 
California, in an area intermediate between the very small birds 
of northern Lower California and the large representatives of Dryo- 
bates villosus orius from northeastern California. In such a case 
it seems proper to consider, as we do here, the extreme development 
of the race as really typical, to which the type, like other interme- 
diate specimens, is referable. Examples from southern and central 
western California (San Diego County to Cahto) are, like the type, 
somewhat larger than those from northern Lower California (length 
of wing in the male averaging about 123.5 mm.), and verge toward 
Dryobates villosus orius. Birds from the Piute Mountains, southern 
California, are white below, and incline somewhat toward the Arizona 
Dryobates villosus leucothorectis. 


1 Not breeding at this locality. 8 Six specimens, from the same locality. 
2 Ten specimens, from Lower California. 


612 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


Ninety-two specimens of this form have been seen, by which the 
following localities are represented: 

California.—San Bernardino Mountains; San Jacinto Mountains; 
Pine Flats, on North Fork of San Gabriel River (Los Angeles County) ; 
Volcan; Santa Barbara; Santa Ysabel; southern Sierra Nevada; Pine 
Valley (San Diego County); Strain’s camp, San Gabriel Mountains; 
Sierra Madre Mountains (Los Angeles County); Piute Mountains 
(Kern County) ; Monterey; Pacific Grove; Santa Cruz; Nicasio; Cahto; 
Tejon Mountains; Fort Tejon; Tejon Valley; Paicines (San Benito 
County); Bear Valley (San Benito County); Snow Mountain (Colusa 
County); Mount Sanhedrin; Berryessa; Mount Whitney; Sargent; 
Preston Peak; White Mountains; Isabella, South Fork of Kern River; 
Kern River, 25 miles above Kernville; Walker Pass, western slope; 
Cuyamaca Mountain. 

Lower Californa.—Piiion, western slope of San Pedro Martir 
Mountains; La Grulla, San Pedro Martir Mountains; Hanson Laguna, 
Hanson Laguna Mountains; 60 miles south of Campo; Santa Ulalia. 


DRYOBATES VILLOSUS ICASTUS, new subspecies. 


Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus hyloscopus, but bill much 
smaller, and wing slightly longer. 

Description.—Type, adult male, No. 163914, U.S.N.M., Biological 
Survey Collection; El Salto, Durango, Mexico, July 21, 1898; E. W. 
Nelson and E.A. Goldman. Upper parts generally, sides of head and 
neck, a broad malar stripe, wings, and middle tail-feathers, black; 
occipital band scarlet; nasal tufts, superciliary stripe, a broad rictal 
stripe produced to the side of the cervix, throat, breast, and upper 
abdomen, brownish white; a broad dorsal stripe, spots on both webs 
of primaries, and on inner webs of secondaries, with all of the two 
exterior rectrices (including the dwarfed outermost one), most of 
the third, and terminal portion of the fourth, lower abdomen, and 
crissum, creamy white. 

Measurements.—Male:! Wing, 117-128 (average, 123.5) mm.; tail, 
67.5-76 (71.6); exposed culmen, 25.5-30.5 (28.1); tarsus, 20-22.5 
(20.8); middle toe, 12.5-15 (13.6). 

Female:? Wing, 119-128.5 (123.6); tail, 70-82.5 (74.9); exposed 
culmen, 23-28 (25.3); tarsus, 18-21 (20); middle toe, 11.5-14 (12.9). 

Type-locality.— E11 Salto, Durango, Mexico. 

Geographical distribution.—Transition and Canadian zones in the 
mountains of northwestern Mexico and contiguous portions of the 
southwestern United States: north to Pinal County, southeastern 
Arizona; and Animas Peak (Animas Range), southwestern New 
Mexico; west to El Puerto, eastern Sonora; Sierra Madre near Gua- 
dalupe y Calvo, southwestern Chihuahua; El Salto, southwestern 


— 


1 Seventeen specimens, from Arizona, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, and Zacatecas. 
2 Ten specimens, from Chihuahua, Coahuila, Jalisco, and Durango. 


no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. — 613 
Durango; and Sierra de Nayarit, eastern Tepic; south to Huajimic, 
southeastern Tepic; Bolafios, northern Jalisco; and Plateado, south- 
western Zacatecas; east to Carneros, southeastern Coahuila; Bus- 
tillos, west central Chihuahua; and Pacheco, northwestern Chi- 
huahua. 

This bird is decidedly smaller than Dryobates villosus leucothorectis, 
as well as noticeably smoky-tinged on the under surface, instead of 
pure white; and it is in size so very much inferior to Dryobates villo- 
sus ors, that it is readily distinguishable. 

Birds from Zacatecas, northern Jalisco, and eastern Sonora are 
identical in size with those from the type-locality in Durango. 
Specimens from Coahuila (Carneros and Sierra Guadalupe) are 
somewhat smaller—about the size of Dryobates villosus intermedius— 
(wing of male averaging about 118.5 mm.), but are so much paler 
below that they are best referred to the present race. Examples at 
hand from southeastern Arizona (north to Pinal County) and extreme 
southwestern New Mexico (Animas and San Luis ranges) are some- 
what less smoky brownish below, but average fully as small as those 
from Durango, and also belong here. The birds from Chihuahua, 
to judge from the six of each sex examined, are larger than those 
from any other part of the range of this subspecies and average as 
follows: 

Male.—Wing, 126.1 mm.; tail, 73; exposed culmen, 29; tarsus, 
20.8; middle toe, 14.2. 

Female.—Wing, 124.8; tail, 75.6; exposed culmen, 25.9; tarsus, 
20.1; middle toe, 12.6. 

Specimens examined, 48, from localities as below: 

Arizona.—Santa Catalina Mountains; Pima County; Pinal County; 
Huachuca Mountains. 

New Mexico. Animas Peak, Animas Mountains (Grant County) ; 
western side of San Luis Mountains, near the United States and 
Mexican boundary line. 

Ohahuahua.—sSierra Madre, near Guadalupe y Calvo; Colonia Garcia ; 
Pacheco; Rancheria de los Apaches; Mound Valley; Pifios Altos; 30 
miles west of Mifaca; Bustillos; San Luis Mountains. 

Coahwila.—Sierra Guadalupe; Carneros. 

Durango.—El Salto; Arroyo del Buey. 

Jalisco. Bolas. 

Sonora.—El Puerto. 

Zacatecas.—Valparaiso Mountains; Plateado; Sierra Madre. 


DRYOBATES VILLOSUS INTERMEDIUS Nelson. 
Dryobates villosus intermedius Netson, Auk, vol. 17, 1900, p. 259. 


Chars. subsp.—Resembling Dryobates villosus icastus, but smaller, 
and much darker below. 


614 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


Measurements.—Male:1 Wing, 119-122.5 (average, 120.7) mm.; 
tail, 70.5-74 (71.8); exposed culmen, 28-28.5 (28.3); tarsus, 20-21.5 
(20.8); middle toe, 13.5-14 (13.7). 

Female:? Wing, 116—-120.5 (118.2); tail, 74; exposed culmen, 25- 
25.5 (25.2); tarsus, 20.5; middle toe, 138—-13.5 (13.2). 

Ty pe-locality.— Villar, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. 

Geographical distribution.—Upper Austral Zone in the mountains of 
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi: northeast to Victoria, Montelunga, 
Galindo, and Miquihuana, southwestern Tamaulipas; and southwest 
to near Jesus Maria, southwestern San Luis Potosi. 

Like the races of some other species that inhabit the region occu- 
pied by Dryobates villosus intermedius, this form has a rather limited 
distribution. Subsequent investigation may, however, somewhat 
extend its range. 

Six examples have been seen, from the localities that follow: 

San Luis Potosi.—Villar; mountains near Jesus Maria. 

Tamaulipas.—Miquibhuana; Victoria. 


DRYOBATES VILLOSUS ENISSOMENUS, new subspecies. 


Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus intermedius, but smaller, 
and ventral surface darker. 

Description.—Type, adult male, No. 185785, U.S.N.M., Biological 
Survey Collection; Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico, May 25, 1903; E. W. 
Nelson and KE. A. Goldman. Upper parts generally, sides of head and 
neck, a broad malar stripe, wings, and middle tail-feathers, black; 
occipital band scarlet; nasal tufts, a broad rictal stripe prolonged to 
the side of the cervix, all of the two outer rectrices Gncluding the 
dwarfed outermost one) except a small basal spot, most of the third, 
and terminal portion of the fourth, throat, breast, and upper abdomen, 
light smoky brown, the tail rather paler; superciliary stripe, a broad 
dorsal stripe, spots on the interior webs of primaries and secondaries, 
and small spots on outer webs of same (except innermost seconda- 
_ ries), lower abdomen, and crissum, brownish white. 

Measurements —Male:* Wing, 111-121 (average, 116.7) mm.; tail, 
64.5-77 (70.1) ; exposed culmen, 25—28.5 (26.4); tarsus, 20-21.5 (20.6); 
middle toe, 13.5-14.5 (14). 

Female: Wing, 111-116 (113.2); tail, 65-71.5 (69.1); exposed 
culmen, 20-24 (21.7); tarsus, 18.5-20 (19.2); middle toe, 12-13.5 
CWS 

Type-locality—Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico. 

Geographical distribution.—Transition Zone in the mountains of 
southwestern Mexico, in the States of Guerrero, Michoacan, and 
1 Three specimens, from the Mexican States of Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi. 

2 Two specimens, from the same States. 


3 Six specimens, from the Mexican States of Michoacan, Guerrero, and Jaliseo. 
4 Kight specimens, from the same States. 


no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 615 


southern Jalisco: southeast to Amula and the vicinity of Chilpan- 
cingo, central Guerrero; north to Nahuatzin and Patzcuaro, northwest 
central Michoacan; and west to the Sierra Nevada de Colima, southern 
Jalisco. 

The present race is most closely allied to Dryobates villosus jardinii, 
from Vera Cruz, with which it practically agrees in size, but it is 
nearly always much paler on the sides of head and neck, on the dorsal 
stripe, and under surface. There are, however, occasional specimens 
which, at first sight, appear to be like D. v. jardinii, but these are 
never as deeply colored as the darkest examples of that form, or of 
Dryobates villosus hylobatus,! particularly on the posterior lower parts, 
throat, and light dorsal stripe. In having such a wide range of 
individual color variation this race resembles Dryobates villosus 
extumus. Four birds from the Sierra Nevada de Colima, southern 
Jalisco, are larger than the others examined (wing of two males 
averaging 119.5 mm.), and verge somewhat toward Dryobates 
villosus icastus. 

Of this form 14 specimens have been examined, from localities as 
follows: 

Guerrero.—Omilteme; mountains near Chilpancingo. 

Jalisco.—Sierra Nevada de Colima. 

Michoacan.—Nahuatzin ; Patzcuaro; Mount Tancitaro. 


DRYOBATES VILLOSUS HARRISI (Audubon). 
Picus harristi AupusBon, Birds Amer. (folio), vol. 4, 1838, pl. 417, figs. 8, 9. 


Chars. subsp.—Resembling Dryobates villosus enissomenus, but very 
much larger; lower surface more deeply colored. 

Measurements.—Male:? Wing, 124-136 (average, 127.8) mm., 
tail, 73.5-84 (78.3); exposed culmen, 29-35 (31.7); tarsus, 22.5-25 
(23.4); middle toe, 15-16 (15.4). 

Female:* Wing, 120-128 (124); tail, 74-82.5 (76.9); exposed 
culmen, 26-31 (28.2) ; tarsus, 21—23.5 (22.1) ; middle toe, 14-15.5 (14.8). 

Type-locality—Near Fort Vancouver, State of Washington. 

Geographical distribution.—Canadian and Transition zones in the 
Pacific coast region of Alaska, British Columbia, and the northern 
United States: north to Chichagof Island and Chilcoot, southeastern 
Alaska; east to Boca de Quadra, coast of extreme southeastern 
Alaska; Hope and Agassiz, southwestern British Columbia; Keechelus. 
Lake and Fort Vancouver, western Washington; Portland and 
Crater Lake, western Oregon; and south (excepting Prince of Wales 
Island, Alaska, and the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia) 
to Humboldt Bay, northwestern California. In winter it wanders as 
far south as Monterey, central California. 


1 See p. 617 
2 Fourteen specimens, from Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California. 
%’ Twelve specimens, from the same localities. 


616 _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


This subspecies is remarkably uniform over its entire range, there 
being practically no difference in either size or color between birds 
from Alaska and those from northern California. Neither is individual 
variation as great as in most of the dark forms of the species. 

I have examined 120 examples of this race from the subjoined 
localities: 

Alaska.—Loring; near Killisnoo, Admiralty Island; Sitka; Howkan. 

British Columbia.—Agassiz; Goldstream; Port Moody; Comox; 
Lund; Huntington; Victoria; Departure Bay, Vancouver Island; 
Union Bay, Vancouver Island; Mount Lehman; New Westminster; 
Saturna Island; Roab’s ranch, Hope. 

California.—Carson’s camp, Mad River, Humboldt Bay; Crescent 
City; Nicasio;! St. Helena.? 

Oregon.—Portland; Tillamook; Crater Lake; Sumner; Beaverton; 
Columbia River; St. Helen; Logan; Seaside; Newport. 

Washington.—Suez; Tenino; Tacoma; Lapush; Neah Bay; Keeche- 
lus Lake; Mount Vernon; Kalama; Whidbys Island; Seattle; Hump- 
tulips; Fort Steilacoom; Nisqually Flats; South Park (King County) ; 
Shoalwater Bay; Ilwaco; Fort Vancouver; Ocosta. 


DRYOBATES VILLOSUS PICOIDEUS Osgood. 
Dryobates picoideus Osaoop, North Amer. Fauna, No. 21, 1901, p. 44. 


Chars. subsp.—Much like Dryobates villosus harrisi, but wing and 
bill shorter; white dorsal stripe more or less barred or spotted with 
black; white outer pairs of tail-feathers nearly always with black 
subterminal spots, occasionally even bars. 

Measurements.—Male:? Wing, 122.5-125 (average, 123.8) mm.; 
tail, 77.5-82.5 (80); exposed culmen, 26-27 (26.5); tarsus, 23-23.5 
(23.3); middle toe, 15.5-16 (15.8). 

Female: * Wing, 121-127 (124); tail, 76-81 (79.2); exposed culmen, 
25.5-27.5 (26.4); tarsus, 22-24 (22.6); middle toe, 14.5-15.5 (14.8). 

Type-locality—Cumshewa Inlet, Moresby Island, Queen Charlotte 
Islands, British Columbia. 

Geographical distribution.—Canadian Zone in the Queen Charlotte 
Islands, British Columbia; and Prince of Wales Island, extreme 
southeastern Alaska. 

The birds from Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, are not typical of 
Dryobates villosus picoideus, but in color characters, chiefly those of 
the back, are somewhat intermediate between this form and Dryo- 
bates villosus harrist. The black spots on the inner webs of the 
white rectrices are a character that appears in only two other 
races—Dryobates villosus piger, and occasionally Dryobates villosus 
verraenovae. 


1 Not breeding at this locality. 
2 Two specimens, from British Columbia. 
8 Five specimens, from British Columbia and southern Alaska. 


=. ee 


_ no. 1840. REVISION. OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 61% 


One specimen from the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, 
has black bars on the white outer tail-feathers, as well marked as in 
Dryobates pubescens. In its black barred or spotted dorsal stripe, 
Dryobates villosus picoideus resembles no other form of the species, 
excepting, curiously enough, Dryobates villosus terraenovae, from 
Newfoundland, and shows an interesting resemblance to some races 
of Picoides americanus. 

Eight specimens have been available, representing the following 
localities: 

Alaska.—Kasaan Bay, Prince of Wales Island. 

British Columbia.—Cumshewa Inlet, Moresby Island, Queen Char- 
lotte Islands; Skidegate, Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands. 


DRYOBATES VILLOSUS HYLOBATUS, new subspecies. 


Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus enissomenus, but 
decidedly larger, and darker on lower parts. 

Description—Type, adult female, No. 154895, U.S.N.M., Bio- 
logical Survey Collection; Huitzilac, Morelos, Mexico, January 1, 
1893; E. W. Nelson. Upper parts generally, sides of head and neck, 
a broad malar stripe, wings, and middle tail-feathers, black; super- 
ciliary stripe, connected occipital band, small spots on both webs of 
primaries and most of secondaries, and on interior webs of innermost 
secondaries, creamy white; two outer rectrices (including the dwarfed 
outermost one) excepting a small basal spot, with most of the third, 
and the terminal portion of the fourth, light smoky brown; nasal 
tufts, a broad rictal stripe prolonged to the side of the cervix, a 
broad dorsal stripe, and the entire lower surface of the body, deep 
smoky brown. 

Measurements.—Male:' Wing, 123.5 mm.; tail, 75-77 (average, 
76); exposed culmen, 26—27.5 (26.8); tarsus, 19.5-20 (19.8); middle 
toe, 13~14 (13.5). 

Female: ? Wing, 116.5-121.5 (118.8); tail, 71.5-75.5 (73.3) ; exposed 
culmen, 23-25 (24); tarsus, 20-20.5 (20.3); middle toe, 12.5-14.5 
(13.6). 

Ty pe-locality.— Huitzilac, Morelos, Mexico. 

Geographical distribution.—Canadian and Transition zones in the 
mountains of central Mexico, in the States of Mexico, Morelos, and 
western Puebla: north to the City of Mexico, central Mexico (State) ; 
west to the Volcan de Toluca, west central Mexico (State); south to 
Huitzilac, northwestern Morelos; and east to near Huejotzingo, cen- 
tral western Puebla. 

From Dryobates villosus intermedius this new subspecies may be 
distinguished by its somewhat longer wing and tail, shorter bill, and 


1 Two specimens, from the Mexican States of Mexico and Morelos. 
2 Four specimens, from the same States. 


618 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von, 40. 


very much more deeply smoky brown lower parts, dorsal stripe, 
and sides of head and neck. 

Adults of Dryobates villosus hylobatus examined are all very deeply 
colored, excepting one male from Ajusco, State of Mexico, which is 
indistinguishable in color from Dryobates villosus intermedius, but its 
large size indicates that it is properly referable to D. v. hylobatus 
as an example of extreme individual variation. 

Nine specimens examined, from the localities given below: 

Mexico.—Northern slope of Volcan de Toluca; Ajusco; City of 
Mexico. 

Morelos.—Huitzilac. 


DRYOBATES VILLOSUS JARDINII (Malherbe). 


Picus (Leuconotipicus) jardiniti MALHERBE, Rev. Zool., Oct., 1845, p. 374. 

Chars. subsp.—tlLike Dryobates villosus hylobatus in color, but de- 
cidedly smailer. 

Measurements.—Male:1 Wing, 114-118 (average, 116.2) mm.; tail, 
67-74 (69.7); exposed culmen, 24—27 (25.6); tarsus, 20-21.5 (20.7); 
middle toe, 13.5-14 (13.9). 

Female:? Wing, 110; tail, 62; exposed culmen, 23.5; tarsus, 19; 
middle toe, 13. 

Ty pe-locality.—‘‘ Mexico,” i. e., central Vera Cruz. 

Geographical distribution—Canadian and Transition Zones in the 
mountains of eastern Mexico in the States of Vera Cruz, Puebla, and 
Oaxaca: north to Las Vigas, central Vera Cruz; west to Mount Ori- 
zaba, eastern Puebla; and south to the city of Oaxaca, central 
Oaxaca. 

A single adult male from Mount Orizaba, Puebla, is very much 
paler below than other examples, and is practically identical in color 
with Dryobates villosus intermedius, yet it is much too small for that 
race, and is doubtless merely another instance of the great range of 
individual variation to which the dark races of Dryobates villosus are 
subject. The writer has seen no specimens from the State of Oax- 
aca, but records of the species from Tonaguia, central northern 
Oaxaca,’ and the city of Oaxaca,! belong probably under the present 
subspecies. 

The type of Malherbe’s Picus jardinu > was an immature bird, as 
its abnormally small measurements clearly indicate, and came from 
‘“Mexico.”’ When this author subsequently more fully described the 
form,® he had other specimens whose measurements proclaim them 

1 Four specimens, from the Mexican State of Vera Cruz. 
2 One specimen, from the same State. 

3 Hargitt, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vol. 18, 1890, p. 238. 

4 Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, p. 388. 


5 Rev. Zool., 1845, p. 374. 
6 Mon. Picidées, vol. 1, 1861, p. 103, pl. 25, figs. 4, 5. 


: 
| 


>» 


no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 619 


to belong to birds from Vera Cruz rather than from the State of 
Mexico. It seems best, therefore, to restrict the name jardinw to 
the bird from central Vera Cruz. 

Five examples have been seen, from the subjoined localities: 

Puebla.—Mount Orizaba. 

Vera Cruz—Mirador; Jalapa; Las Vigas. 


DRYOBATES VILLOSUS SANCTORUM Nelson. 
Dryobates sanctorum Netson, Auk, vol. 14, 1897, p. 50. 


Chars. subsp.—Resembling Dryobates villosus jardini, but much 
smaller; ventral surface decidedly darker. . 

Measurements.—Male:1 Wing, 107-111.5 (average, 109.4) mm.; 
tail, 63-65 (63.9); exposed culmen, 23-25.5 (24.2); tarsus, 17-20 
(19.2); middle toe, 13-14.5 (13.7). 

Female:? Wing, 99.5-108.5 (104.6); tail, 57.5-65 (60.9); exposed 
culmen, 20-23 (21.1); tarsus, 17.5-19 (18.3); middle toe, 12.5-13.5 
(13.1). 

Type-locality— Todos Santos, Guatemala. 

Geographical distribution.—Transition Zone in the mountains of 
Chiapas, Mexico, and of Guatemala: west to Pinabete, southern 
Chiapas; north to San Cristobal, central Chiapas; and Vera Paz, 
Guatemala; and east to the Volcan de Fuego, southeastern Guatemala. 

This race is apparently little subject to individual variation. 
Specimens from the State of Chiapas, Mexico, are identical in size 
with those from Guatemala. Although first described as a full 
species, Dryobates sanctorum is clearly but a subspecies of Dryobates 
villosus, since all characters, by reason of the individual variation of 
contiguous races, ultimately fail to prove trenchant. 

Sixteen specimens have been examined, from the following localities: 

Chiapas, Mexico.—Pinabete; Juncané; San Cristobal; Canjob. 

Guatemala.—Volean Santa Maria; Hacienda Chancol; Calderas, 
Volcan de Fuego; near Tecpam. 


DRYOBATES VILLOSUS FUMEUS, new subspecies. 


Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus sanctorum, but very 
much paler below and on rectrices; dorsal stripe very decidedly 
more whitish—in fact, barely smoky except posteriorly. 

Description.—Type, adult male, No. 101240, American Museum of 
Natural History; San Rafael del Norte, Nicaragua, April 6, 1907; 
William B. Richardson. Upper parts generally, sides of head and 
neck, a broad malar stripe, wings and middle tail-feathers, black; 
broad occipital band scarlet; nasal tufts, a broad rictal stripe produced 
to the side of the cervix, all of the two outer rectrices (including the 


1 Seven specimens, from Guatemala and the Mexican State of Chiapas. 
2 Seven specimens, from the same localities, 


620 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vow. 40. 


dwarfed outermost one) except a small basal spot, with most of the 
third, and terminal portion of the fourth, and the entire lower surface 
of body, somewhat rufescent smoky brown; superciliary stripe, broad 
dorsal stripe, spots on both webs of remiges (except outer webs of 
tertials and innermost secondaries), brownish white. 

Measurements.—Male:' Wing, 106-109.5 (average, 108.1) mm.; 
tail, 60-63 (61.6); exposed culmen, 24.5-26 (25.1); tarsus, 18.5-19.5 
(19.1); middle toe, 12-14 (138.1). 

Female:? Wing, 101-108.5 (105.3); tail, 55.5-64 (59.8); exposed 
culmen, 21.5-24 (22.9); tarsus, 18-19 (18.7); middle toe, 13-13.5 
(153): 

Type-locality.—San Rafael del Norte, Nicaragua. 

Geographical distribution—Upper Tropical Zone in the mountains 
of central northern Nicaragua. 

As at present known, this new race has a very limited range in 
northern Nicaragua, but it probably extends over much, if not all, 
of the mountain region of this country, and for at least a consider- 
able distance into the mountains of western Honduras. The record 
of Picus jardinia from Siquatepeque, Honduras, southeast of Lake 
Yojoa,? may belong to either Dryobates villosus sanctorum or Dryo- 
bates villosus fumeus. 

Of this form, twelve examples have been available, representing the 
localities below: 

Nicaragua.—San Rafael del Norte; Ocotal; Jinotega. 


DRYOBATES VILLOSUS EXTIMUS (Bangs). 


Dendrocopus villosus extimus Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, vol. 3, 1902, 
Jan. 30, 1902, p. 33. 

Chars. subsp.—Resembling Dryobates villosus fumeus, but much 
smaller, and lower parts darker. 

Measurements.—Male:* Wing, 97.5-106.5 (average, 102.8) mm.; 
tail, 54.5-63 (58.6); exposed culmen, 22-26.5 (24.9); tarsus, 19-21 
(19.8); middle toe, 12-15 (13.8). 

Female:* Wing, 98-105 (102.1); tail, 49-64 (58.4); exposed cul- 
men, 20—23.5 (21.9); tarsus, 18-19.5 (18.7); middle toe, 12-14 (13.1). 

Type-locality— Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. 

Geographical distribution.—Upper Tropical Zone in the mountains 
of Costa Rica and western Panama: east to Chiriqui, western Pan- 
ama; and northwest to the Volcan de Irazu, central Costa Rica. 

There is great individual variation in the shade of the lower surface 
in this race, from a very deep smoky brown to a color almost whitish; 


1 Seven specimens, from Nicaragua. 

2 Five specimens, from the same country. 

3 Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 119. 

4 Nineteen specimens, from Panama and Costa Rica. 
5 Kighteen specimens, from the same countries. 


no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 621 


but both these extremes are exceptional. Birds from Panama aver- 
age very slightly paler below, and, in the male, slightly smaller, but 
these differences are too insignificant and too inconstant to warrant 
the recognition of another subspecies. The comparison of size can 
be easily made by means of the following average measurements: 


| 
XATS Nei Exposed r Middle 
Wing. ee culmen, Se toe. 
Nine males from Panama.............---.- LOU 7, 57.3 2or3 20.0 14.1 
MNenimales\trom Costa Rica. 255.55 Jgses. «i 103.7 58.5 24.6 19.7 13.5 
Hight females from Panama...........--.. 102.3 59.3 22.3 19.0 13.3 
Ten females from Costa Rica..............- 102 57.8 21.7 18.5 ie} i 


I have seen 95 specimens of this race, from the following localities: 
Costa Rica.—Santa Maria de Dota; Volcan de Irazu; Rancho de 
Rio Jimenez, Volcan de Irazu; Burgos, Volcan de Irazu; Coliblanco, 
Volcan de Turrialba; La Estrella de Cartago; Las Vueltas de Dota; 
Lagunaria de Dota; Azahar deCartago; El Copey de Dota; La Palma 
de San José; Cervantes; Escazi; La Hondura; Ojuras de Terraba. 
Panama.—Chiriqui; Boquete. 


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DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF AGA FROM THE 
ATLANTIC COAST OF THE UNITED STATES. 


By Harriet RicHarpson, 


Collaborator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U.S. National Museum. 


A new species of 4ga was collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fish- 
eries steamer Albatross in 1885 off the Atlantic coast of the United 
States. Only one specimen was obtained, the description of which 
follows: 

42GA ORNATA, new species. 

Body oblong ovate, twice as long as wide, 8 mm.:4 mm. 

Head large, subtriangular, with apex obtuse, about twice as 
wide as long, a little more than 1 mm. 
long and a little more than 2 mm. wide. 
Eyes large, composite, composed of six 
rows of ocelli on the dorsal side and sep- 
arated at their anterior extremities by a 
distance of 0.5mm. The eyes are also con- 
spicuous on the ventral 
side of the head, show- 
ing several rows of 
ocelli. The first pair of 
antenns have the first 
two articles of the pe- 
duncle short and sub- 
equal; the third article 
is three times as long as 
the second; the flagel- 
lum is composed of 11 
articles and extends to 
the post-lateral angle of 
the first thoracic segment and a little beyond the 
peduncle of the second antenne. The second 
antenne have the first two articles of the peduncle 
short and subequal; the third is as long as the 
first two taken together; the fourth is twice as long as the third; 
the fifth is one and one-half times as long as the fourth; the fla- 
gellum is composed of 16 articles and extends to the post-lateral 
angle of the third thoracic segment. 


Fig. 1.—/HGA ORNATA. X8. 


Fic. 2.—/EGA ORNATA. 
MAXILLIPED. X 653. 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No. 1841. 
623 


624 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


The first segment of the thorax is the longest and is a little more 
than twice as long as the second; the second, third, and fourth 
are subequal, each being 0.5 mm. in length; the fifth and sixth are 
subequal and each is a little shorter than the preceding segment; 

the seventh segment is the shortest. The last three 
segments have a row of small tubercles, set close 
together, on the posterior margin. All the segments 
except the first are furnished with epimera; those of 
the second and third segments do not reach beyond 
the posterior margins of their respective segments and 
are rounded posteriorly; the last four have the outer 
post-lateral angle produced, gradually increasing in 
length to the last, and all extending beyond the poster- 


Ny ior margins of their segments; the last three have small 
~ tubercles on the posterior margins. All are furnished 

Fic. 3-24ic on: =9With a carina. 
Nata. First The first segment of the abdomen is almost entirely 


MAXILLA. X 653. . 
concealed; the following three segments are subequal 


and each has the posterior margin furnished with a row of small 
tubercles, set close together; the fifth segment is a little longer than 
any of the preceding segments and in addition to the row of tubercles 
on the posterior margin has a few on the dorsal 

surface about the middle. The sixth or terminal 

segment is triangulate in shape with the apex 

truncate and furnished with five small teeth, one 

in the median line and two on either side. The 

lateral margins of the segment are incised, the two 

anterior incisions extending only a short distance 

from the lateral margin, but the three posterior ones 

extend to the sides of the median furrow. The 

upper end of each incision is marked by a tubercle 

on the posterior side; there is also one on the 

anterior side of the first and third incisions at the | 

upper end. A row of small tubercles is also placed Cx 

at the base of the segment, extending from one ,,. 4 mgs onnama. 
side to the other. The inner branch of the uropoda — sxconp maxttua. 
is a little longer and wider than the outer branch pet 

and extends a little beyond the extremity cf the abdomen. Both 
branches are rounded posteriorly and crenulate. The first three 
pairs of legs are prehensile, the last four pairs ambulatory. 

Only one specimen was obtained by the Albatross in 1885 from the 
Atlantic Ocean off the southern coast of the United States. It was 
found parasitic on the Red Porgy (Pagrus pagrus). 

The type is Cat. No. 42377, U.S.N.M. 


THE HOTHOUSE MILLIPED AS A NEW GENUS. 


By O. F. Cook, 


Custodian of Myriapoda, U.S. National Museum. 


NOTES ON THE HABITS OF MILLIPEDS. 


Most of the species of millipeds are localized in definite areas, often 
of very limited extent. A few species have attained a cosmopolitan 
distribution in the tropics, and one of these has established itself in 
many hothouses in Europe and America. The hothouse conditions 
are evidently quite congenial for this species, to judge from the abun- 
dance of individuals. They are sometimes accused of attacking the 
plants, though seldom convicted of any serious damage. They often 
feed upon tissues killed by fungi or insect pests and are likely to be 
looked upon as the cause of injury, instead of being recognized as 
harmless scavengers. 

The mouthparts of millipeds are not adapted for biting or chew- 
ing, but are equipped with minute scrapers and combs for collecting 
soft, decaying materials. Dead or dying tissues are preferred. The 
only living plants that are regularly eaten by millipeds are the fleshy 
fungi. Some of the native millipeds in the vicinity of Washington, 
District of Columbia, feed to a considerable extent upon the local 
species of Amanita, Russula, and Lactarvus. Damage is sometimes 
done to other plants when millipeds gain access to wounded surfaces 
of roots or cuttings. Healing may be prevented or cuttings may be 
kept from rooting by continual scraping of the exposed surfaces. 

In nature at large the millipeds have a share in the beneficial work 
of reducing dead plant material to humus. Prussic acid and other 
corrosive secretions may aid in the precipitation of colloidal substances 
in the humus, in addition to the protection that they give by render- 
ing the millipeds distasteful to birds and other animals that might 
otherwise feed upon them. The precipitation of the colloids enables 
the millipeds to keep their bodies clean and protects them against 
the clogging of their spiracles. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No. 1842. 
80796°—Proc.N.M.vol 40—11——40 625 


626 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 40. 


In relation to the soil there is a notable contrast between the habits 
of millipeds in the Central American region and in West Africa. 
Owing, perhaps, to the great abundance of termites, the African for- 
ests have very slight superficial accumulations of dead leaves and 
humus. The soil remains relatively open and noncolloidal, and is 
inhabited by numerous species of millipeds. In the forests of tropi- 
cal America the termites effect no such complete destruction of the 
dead leaves and other vegetable débris, which accumulate and 
decay on the surface. The underlying soils are generally much more 
colloidal than in Africa and the milliped population is generally sparse, 
or often lacking altogether, especially after the land has been under 
cultivation for a few years. 


SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE HOTHOUSE MILLIPED. 


The hothouse milliped was first described in 1847 by C. L. Koch 
as Fontaria gracilis, but has still to find a satisfactory place in generic 
classification. In addition to the original reference to Fontaria, 
the species figures in literature under two other generic names, 
Paradesmus and Orthomorpha, but none of these names seems to find 
a correct application to the animal in question. 

In 1872 Humbert and Saussure referred Koch’s species to the old 
genus Polydesmus, as a member of a subgenus Paradesmus, that had 
been established by Saussure for other species in 1859. In Latzel’s 
monograph of the Austro-Hungarian myriapoda, published in 1884, 
the same course was followed, except that Paradesmus was recog- 
nized as an independent genus. 

The next change was made in 1893 when Bollman discovered the 
preoccupation of the name Paradesmus and proposed Orthomorpha 
as a substitute. Hence the species has been called, by all recent 
writers, Orthomorpha gracilis. The unfortunate necessity of a fur- 
ther change arises from the fact that Bollman’s new name was pro- 
posed as a direct substitute for Paradesmus, and is therefore limited 
in its application to the genus to which the original type of Parades- 
mus belongs. 


DESIGNATION OF THE TYPE OF PARADES MUS. 


The determination of the type of Paradesmus carries us back to 
the original treatment of the subgenus by Saussure. Several species 
were included, though none that recent authors have treated as 
congeneric with the hothouse milliped. Pocock has recently pro- 
posed, in the Biologia Centrali-Americana, to designate as the type 
of Paradesmus (and Orthomorpha), an East Indian species, O. blavn- 
villei. This designation can hardly be accepted, in view of the fact 
that blainvillei was placed by Saussure in one of the two divisions of 
Paradesmus that were indicated as forming transitions to other sub- 


no. 1842. HE HOTHOUSE MILLIPED AS A NEW GBENUS—COOK. 627 


genera, and are therefore not to be reckoned as typical members of 
the subgenus Paradesmus. The remaining division, containing the 
genuine examples of Paradesmus, consisted of three species, klugii 
Brandt, erichsont Brandt, and picteti Saussure. The first of these 
should be considered as the true type of Paradesmus, and hence of 
Orthomorpha as well. 

The propriety of this treatment is not affected by the fact that 
Humbert and Saussure used the typical species of Paradesmus, ten 
years later, as the basis of a new subgenus, Pachyurus. Bollman 
found that this name also was preoccupied, and proposed to replace 
it by Polylepis. In reality Orthomorpha was a sufficient substitute 
for both Paradesmus and Pachyurus, since both these names were 
proposed originally for the same species. 


APPLICATION OF THE NAME ORTHO MORPHA. 


In view of the preceding facts, it appears that the name Ortho- 

morpha is applicable to a Central American genus of millipeds, with 
O. klugu (Brandt) as the typical species, replacing Amplinus Attems, 
at least for the Central American species. Attems proposed this 
‘name for a subgenus of Pachyurus, with a Peruvian species, P. 
kalonotus, as the type. Pocock has adopted Amplinus as the generic 
name of the Central American group to which Orthomorpha klugit 
belongs. 


> 


ORTHOMORPHA POCOCKI, new species. 


Amplinus klugi Pococxr, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Diploda, p. 152, pl. 2, figs. 5c—5e, 1910. 

Not Polydesmus klugii BRANDT, Recueil Mem. Myriop., p. 133, 1841. 

The species described and illustrated as Amplinus klugi in the 
Biologia is not to be considered as the type of the genus Orthomorpha. 
The figures of the gonopods evidently do not represent the same 
species as Brandt’s type of klugw in the Berlin Museum. The draw- 

ines show that the gonopods are relatively short and robust, with the 
two terminal prongs also rather short, nearly equal, and strongly 
ineurved or connivent. In the true Orthomorpha klugu the gonopods 
are much longer and more tapering, with longer, more unequal, and 
only slightly curved prongs. Tracings of the gonopods of the type 
specimen of klugit at Berlin are much more similar to Pocock’s 
figures representing Orthomorpha areata and O. flavicornis than to 
those of O. pococki. The drawings of this species in the Biologia 
represent a specimen from Jalapa, Mexico, in the British Museum, 
which may be considered as the type of the new species. 

The type-specimen of O. klugit is supposed to have been collected 
by Deppe at Alvarado, in the State of Vera Cruz. Four other species 
of Orthomorpha are known from Mexico, O. palicaudatus (Attems), 0. 
erichsoniit (Brandt), O. armatus (Pocock), and O. triramus (Pocock). 
Three species are credited to Guatemala, O. nitidus (Broelemann), 


628 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. 


O. palicaudatus (Attems), and O. areatus (Pocock). Other Central 
American countries are not yet represented in the genus Ortho- 
morpha, except Costa Rica, with a single species, O. convexus (Carl). 

Pocock’s suggestion that O. erichsonw is probably a synonym of 
O. klugv is unfortunate. A comparison of the types of the two 
species at Berlin showed that the gonopods were very different, 
those of O. erichsonw having three prongs, somewhat as in O. tri- 
ramus, but considerably longer and more nearly equal and parallel. 

Saussure’s Polydesmus picteti, the third of the species originally 
referred by that author to the typical section of his subgenus Para- 
desmus, is also placed by Pocock as a synonym of klugiw, but may 
prove to be a distinct species. 


A NEW GENERIC NAME FOR THE HOTHOUSE MILLIPED. 


The complications that attend the application of the generic name 
Orthomorpha to Central American species should not affect the status 
of the hothouse milliped. None of the previously applied generic 
names being available, this species remains to be treated as the type 
of a new genus, for which the name Ozidus is proposed, im allusion 
to the repugnatorial secretion of prussic acid. This milliped served 
as the basis of the first chemical investigation of the nature of the 
secretion. 

Although the animal is perhaps the most common and widely 
distributed representative of the whole class Diplopoda, several 
characters available for generic diagnosis seem to have been over- 


looked. 
OXIDUS, new genus. 


Genotype.—Fontaria gracilis C. L. Koch, a species widely distrib- 
uted in the tropics and in hothouses. First described. from a hot- 
house in Austria. Original habitat unknown, but supposed to be 
in the East Indies. Present description based on specimens col- 
lected in greenhouses of the Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, Cat. No. 810, U.S.N.M. 

Diagnosis.—Antenne inserted low down and close together; first 
segment enlarged, second and third segments reduced; posterior 
subsegments crossed by a deep transverse impression; constriction 
between the subsegments deep and strongly beaded; lateral carinze 
strongly margined with a prominent setiferous tubercle near the 
anterior corner; repugnatorial pores distinctly lateral, behind the 
middle of the segments, with distinct raised rims; posterior segments 
scarcely shortened; last segment with two transverse rows of setifer- 
ous tubercles, the apex with two large rounded, nonsetiferous 
tubercles; sterna with median and transverse impressions and a 
broadly conic tubercle at the base of each leg; spiracles with expanded 


no. 1842. THH HOTHOUSE MILLIPED AS A NEW GENUS—OOOK. 629 


auriculate rims; legs of males tuberculate on the lower surfaces of 
the last two joints; gonopods with second joint robust, ending in 
four strongly curved simple prongs. 

Description.—Body small and depressed, oblong, slender, over 
eight times as long as wide. 

Head strongly convex, prominent; vertex evenly rounded, smooth, 
with a deep median furrow to near the level of the antenne; a few 
setiferous punctations on each side of the furrow; hirsute between and 
below the antennez, also punctate and transversely rugulose; labrum 
with three distinct teeth in a shallow emargination, bordered by two 
regular rows of setiferous punctations. 

Antenne inserted low down, separated by only about the width 
of one of the sockets; rather slender filiform, or the terminal joints 
slightly thicker, jomts 2-6 nearly equal in length. 

First segment somewhat wider than the head, transversely oblong, 
over twice as broad as long, anterior and posterior corners rounded, 
_ especially the former; anterior margin with a fine raised rim, broader 
and more prominent on the sides; surface evenly convex, with a trans- 
verse row of ten setiferous punctations near the anterior margin and 
a second row of two punctations a little behind the middle. Lateral 
punctations of anterior row mounted on the raised margin. 

Segments 2 and 3 much shorter than the others, only about half 
as long as segment 1; lateral carinz of segment 2 depressed below the 
level of the others and prolonged in front under the posterior corners 
of segment 1. Segment 4 intermediate in length between 3 and 5 and 
with a transverse dorsal impression wanting on segments 2 and 3. 

Subsequent segments with dorsal surface nearly smooth, somewhat 
rugulose and very minutely striolate longitudinally, under sufficient 
magnification; marked with a slight median impression and a deep 
transverse furrow across the middle of the posterior subsegments. 
Each segment with a transverse row of six bristles near the anterior 
margin, the lateral pair of bristles on the raised rims of the carine. 

Lateral carine nearly horizontal, rather narrow, less than one- 
fourth as wide as the body cavity, with distmct raised margins; 
anterior corners rounded, the posterior nearly a right angle on 
anterior segments, becoming more produced and somewhat spini- 
form on posterior segments; lateral edge of carine nearly straight, 
but abruptly narrowed behind a setiferous tubercle near the anterior 
corner. 

Repugnatorial pores inserted in small lateral excavations of seg- 
ments, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15-19; margins of poriferous carinz some- 
what thickened, especially underneath the pores, but the pores not 
indicated from above, except that the lateral margin is usually dis- 
tinctly sinuate above the pore. 


630 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, 


Anterior subsegments covered with a rather regular minute reticu- 
lation of raised lines; separated from the posterior subsegment by a 
very deep, abrupt, and distinctly beaded transverse constriction. 
Reticulation interrupted a little in front of the constriction by a deli- 
cate transverse impressed line. 

Pleurs roughened with scattered granules, thickened below into an_ 
oblique ridge, sharply angled behind, especially on anterior segments. — 

Penultimate segment scarcely shortened, but the carine distinctly 
smaller and less acutely produced; not transversely impressed like the 
preceding segments, but with a pair of bristles on the posterior part of 
the segment in addition to the six anterior bristles. 

Last segment nearly twice as long as the exposed part of the penulti- 
mate, the projecting apex rather large, about as long as broad, ending 
in a pair of prominent rounded, nonsetiferous tubercles separated by a 
distinct notch with two pairs of setiferous punctations. A trans- 
verse row of four bristles in front of the apex, one pair dorsal, the 
other lateral, another transverse row of eight bristles near the middle 
of the segment, two pairs dorsal and two pairs lateral, near the upper 
corners of the anal valves. 

Anal valves rather flat, but distinctly convex in the middle, with 
distinctly compressed raised margins; two setiferous tubercles dis- 
tinct from the margins. Preanal scale nearly as long as broad, 
convex, distinctly angled by the prominent setiferous tubercles that 
equal or exceed the scarcely produced apex. 

Sterna smooth, rather sparsely hirsute, with a distinct but grad- 
ually sloping cruciform impression; a small broadly conic tubercle or 
spine at the base of each leg, directed caudad. Spiracles with large 
ear-like expanded rims on the outer side, especially the anterior pair 
of each segment. Coalesced pleure of second segment of male with a 
median process in front and behind; those of the third segment of the 
female with a median process in front. 

Legs of moderate length, rather robust; joints 3 and 6 the longest, - 
subequal, all the joints moderately hirsute, at least on the ventral _ 
surface; joints 5 and 6 also tuberculate on the ventral surface in the 
male, but not provided with cushions of dense hairs. Seminal ducts 
opening in small pores on the rounded mesial corners of the basal 
joints of the second pair of legs. 

Gonopodsrathershort, accommodated by aslight excavation between 
the bases of the seventh pair of legs; aperture without a raised rim; 
basal joint prominent; apical joint with a very short, cushion-like 
hirsute base, a robust, obconic slightly curved shaft, and four terminal 
curved prongs, a short one projecting mesad, and two much larger 
projecting distad, but strongly incurved and decurved; the shorter of 
the two rises from a slender base and expands into a thin oblique, 
triangular decurved blade; the longer prong rises from a rather broad, — 


3 


i 


No. 1842. THE HOTHOUSE MILLIPED AS A NEW GENUS—cooK. 631 


tapering base, curves around the more slender prong and ends in two 
diverging plates. The fourth prong, carrying the seminal duct, is 
simple and very slender. It rises from the anterior or dorsal face of 
the shaft, curves abruptly forward, enters the base of the third prong, 
and remains inclosed for nearly its entire length, only the tip emerging 
at the side of the proximal plate of the third prong. 

The general form of the gonopods is fairly well shown in Latzel’s 
figure, though somewhat conventionalized, except for the treatment 
of the third prong that sheaths the seminal duct. The sheath is 
formed by infolding of the edges along the convex outer margin, 
which appears completely closed in Latzel’s figure. 

OXIDUS GRACILIS (C. L. Koch). 

Fontana gracilis C. L. Koer, System der Myriopoden, p. 142, 1847; Die Myriopoden, 
vol. 2, p. 51, pl. 85, fig. 173, 1863. 

Paradesmus gracilis Larzen, Myr. der Oest.-Ung. Mon., vol. 2, p. 162, pl. 6, fig. 70, 
188+. 

Paradesmus dasys BOLLMANN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 10, p. 619, 1887. 

Orthomorphea gracilis Botumann, Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 197, 1893.—Pococr, 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 15, p. 354, 1895.—Arrems, Denkschr, kais. Acad. 
Wiss., Wien, vol. 47, p. 387, 1898.—Pocock, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Diplopoda, p. 160, 
1909, 

Length of males 19.21 mm., width 2.2 mm.; females 20-22 mm. 
by 2.5 mm. 

Living colors of adult: Dorsum deep chestnut brown or black, 
the carine bordered with lemon yellow, the sides chestnut brown, 
sterna and basal joints of legs pallid; distal joints of legs and apex 
of last segment of body rather pale, but distinctly tinged with brown; 
antenne and vertex dark brown, darker than other parts of the head. 
Young individuals are paler brown and lack the yellow color of the 
ears. The yellow also disappears in alcohol, leaving the carine 
pale like the ventral surfaces. In some specimens the carine of the 
second segment are much darker than the others. 

The three characters used by Bollman in the diagnosis of Paradesmus 
dasys, the tubercles of the legs of males, the hairs of the vertex, and 
the two rows of bristles on the first and penultimate segments, are 
present, apparently, in all specimens of gracilts. The fact that they 
had been overlooked by previous writers seems to have been the 
occasion of the naming of the new species. 


Bae 


DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF JAN- 
IRIDZ FROM THE NORTHWEST PACIFIC. 


By Harrier Ricuarpson, 


Collaborator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U. S. National Museum. 


In the material collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer 
Albatross in the Northwest Pacific in 1906 there was a single 


specimen representing a new -genus and species of Janiride. This 


specimen has only recently turned up, so was not included in my 
earlier report! on the isopoda of that collection. 


J AZ RELLA, new genus. 


Head produced in the middle of the front in an extremely long 
rostrum. Antero-lateral angles also produced in an extremely long 
process on either side. Lateral margins of head produced on either 
side in an elongate process. Eyes large, conspicuous and situated 
some distance from the lateral margin. 

First segment: of the thorax produced on either side in a single long 
triangular process, similar to the lateral process of the head. The 
following six segments have the lateral margins produced on either 
side in two narrow elongate processes, equal in length to the lateral 
process of the first segment. 

Abdomen consisting of a single large segment, the posterior margin 
of which is produced in two long processes, posteriorly directed, and 
the lateral margins of which are furnished on either side with a single 
long triangular process. Uropoda, with a short peduncle and two 
slightly unequal branches, are placed between the two posterior 
processes of the abdomen. 

Head, first three and last three segments of the thorax ornamented 
with two sharp spines, one on either side of the median line. Fourth 
segment of thorax furnished with four spines, two on either side of 
the median line, in longitudinal series. There is one spine on the 
anterior portion of the abdomen in the median line. 


1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, 1909, pp. 75-129. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No. 1843. 
633 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL. 40, 


The legs of the first pair are prehensile, of the following six pai 
ambulatory. 

The type of the genus is Jzrella armata, new species. 
This genus is closer to Jolella (as represented especially by I. spinosa 
(Harger), J. speciosa (Bovallius), and J. glabra Richardson) than to 
any other genus of the family, but differs from it in having the antero- 
lateral angles of the head as well as the lateral margins produced in| 
triangular processes; in having the last _ 
\ three segments of the thorax produced in = 
\ two elongate processes instead of one; in” 
i having the abdomen produced in two pos- | 
terior triangular processes and two lateral 
triangular processes instead of the two 
\ 2 4 posterior triangular expansions found in 
tee Me that genus; and in having four spines on 
es the fourth segment of the thorax. This | 
genus may also be compared with Rhacura | 
Richardson,! Acanthaspida Stebbing,” Jolan- : 
the Beddard,* and Janthopsis Beddard.* 


JZZRELLA ARMATA, new species. 


Body oblong-ovate. 
Head with anterior margin produced i | 
the middle in an extremely long rostrum, | 
ending acutely. Antero-lateral angles also_ 
produced forward in extremely long pro- 
cesses, one on either side, almost as lon 
as the rostrum. Below these the later 
margin is produced on either side in a long 
process, extending almost as far as the 
antero-lateral process. Eyeslarge, rounded, 
and situated some distance from the lateral 
ae yee Sen nc margin, on the posterior half of the head. 
Between the eyes on the dorsal surface are 

two long sharp spines, one on either side of the median line. The | 
first pair of antenne extend to the middle of the last peduncular| 
article of the second pair of antenne. The second pair of antenne 
have the first four articles short and about equal in length; the! 
fifth is a little longer than the first four taken together; the sixth is 
a little longer than the fifth; the flagellum is broken in the only 


specimen. 


1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, 1908, pp. 72-74. 

2 Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition, XIV, Zoology, Crust., vol. 1, 1885, pp. 119-121, pl. 10, figs. 27-80. 
3 Challenger Report, Zool., vol. 17, pt. 48, 1886, pp. 15-18, pl. 4, figs. 9-14; pl. 5, figs. 1-4. 

4Tdem, p. 15, pl. 5, fig. 5. Also Studer, Abh. k. Akad. Wiss. Berlin,1883, pp. 10-12, pl. 1, fig. 2. \ 


no.1843. A NHW ISOPOD GENUS AND SPECIES—RICHARDSON 635 


The first segment of the thorax has the lateral margins produced 
on either side in one extremely long process, which is as long as 
the lateral process of the head. The following six segments each 
have the lateral margins produced on either side in two extremely 
long processes, as long as those of the first segment. The first 
three segments and the last three segments each have two sharp 
spines on the dorsal surface, one on either side of the median line. 
The fourth segment has four spines, two on either side of the median 
line in longitudinal series. 

The abdomen is composed of a single large segment. Its posterior 
margin is produced in two long processes, one on either side of the 
median line, and its lateral margins are produced in a single long 
process on either side, posteriorly directed and situated about half 
the distance from the base to the extremity of the segment. On its 
dorsal surface is a single median sharp spine on the anterior portion 
of the segment. The uropoda are composed of a short peduncle, and 
two branches, not reaching quite to the extremity of the posterior 
processes of the abdomen, and between which they are situated. The 
outer is slightly shorter than the inner branch. In a dorsal view the 
peduncle does not show. 7 

The first pair of legs are prehensile, the following pairs ambulatory. 

Only one specimen, a male, was taken in the Northwest Pacific, 
June 7, 1906, at station 4781, lat. 52° 14’30’’ N.; long. 174° 13’ E., 
by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross, at a depth of 300 
fathoms, in fine gray sand and pebbles. 

The type, a dried specimen, is Cat. No. 42162, U.S.N.M. 

This species comes from the same locality and depth as Microprotus 
czcus Richardson,! and certainly bears a curious superficial resem- 
blance to that form in the shape of the abdomen, which, however, 
has only four elongate processes instead of six. In other respects 
it is closer to Jolella, as previously stated. 


1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, 1909, pp. 116-118. 


A NEW CESTODE FROM AN AFRICAN BUSTARD. 


By Brayton HowArp Ransom, 


Assistant Custodian, Helminthological Collections, U.S. National Museum. 


Among the collections of the Smithsonian African expedition, 
1909-10, there are some specimens of tapeworms collected July 4, 
1909, from the lower intestine of a bustard, Neotis caffra (Lichten- 
stein), by Mr. J. Alden Loring, at N’garri, Narok River, British Kast 
Africa (original number 233). These specimens, about a dozen in 
number, are in a poor state of preservation. Notwithstanding their 
poor condition it has been possible to establish certain facts relative 
to their morphology which show that they belong to a species of the 
family Davaineide hitherto undescribed. Furthermore, the worms 
are not only of a new species but on account of several character- 
istics not in accord with any genus heretofore recognized, they also 
represent a new genus, for which the name Sphyroncotenia (adipa, a 
hammer; éyxoc, a hook) is proposed. To the species is given the 
name Sphyroncotenia uncinata. 


Genus SPHYRONCOTA:ANIA Ransom, 1911. 


GENERIC DIAGNOSIS.—Superfamily Tzenioidea, family Davaineide, 
subfamily Idiogeninz: Rostellum armed with numerous hammer- 
shaped hooks arranged in 10 to 12 rows. Suckers unarmed. Cortical 
parenchyma and longitudinal musculature greatly developed, with 
numerous muscle bundles. Genital pores unilateral. Genital canals 
pass ventral of the longitudinal excretory vessel and nerve. ‘Testicles 
numerous. Female glands on the pore side of the median line. Kggs 
in uterus become more or less isolated by ingrowths of the uterine 
wall. A para-uterine organ is present in gravid segments in front of 
the uterus. Adults in birds. 

Type-species.—S phyroncotenia uncinata Ransom, 1911. 


SPHYRONCOTAENIA UNCINATA Ransom, 1911. 
SPECIFIC DIAGNOsIs.—Sphyroncotenia (type): Length, 22 to 37 


em.; breadth at middle of strobila, 1 to 2 mm.; breadth at posterior 
end, 2 to 3 mm.; maximum breadth, 3.5 to 4 mm. at a point 1 to 4 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No. 1844. 
637 


638 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. 


Fig. 1.—SPHYRONCOTMNIA UNCINATA. 


NATURAL SIZE. 


ENTIRE WORM. 


cm. from the posterior end 
(alcoholic material). Segments 
several hundred in number, 
broader than long except at 
the posterior end of the strobila 
where they may be slightly 
longer than broad. (Fig. 4.) 
Head (fig. 2), 400 to 450 p 
broad by 280 to 300 p» long. 
Suckers unarmed, 175 to 200” 
in diameter. Rostellum sim- 
ple, truncate conical in shape, 
150 to 175 » long by 190 to 
200 » broad at its base, armed 
with numerous hammer-shaped 
hooks (fig. 3), 25 to 30» long, 
arranged in 10 tol2rows. Re- 
tracted rostellum lies within 
a cavity whose inner surface 
is lined with an armature of 
very numerous short spines, 
which evidently form a spiny 
zone back of the rostellum 
when the latter is protracted. 
Unsegmented neck region prac- 
tically nil. Just back of the 
head the breadth of the strobila 
is slightly less than that of the 
head, varying with the state of 
contraction. Posterior bor- 
ders of each segment, except 
in the posterior region of the 
strobila, overlap the succeed- 
ing segment nearly half way. 
Genital pores unilateral. (Fig. 
4, g. p.) The genital pore in 
younger segments is located in 
the lateral margin just poste- 
rior of the edge of the pos- 
terior border of the preceding 
segment. In gravid segments 
(fig. 4) the posterior borders 
overlap the succeeding seg- 
ments but slightly, and the 
genital pore is located a short 


No. 1844. CESTODE FROM AFRICAN BUSTARD—RANSOM. 639 


distance posterior of the middle of the lateral margin of the segment, 
| (Fig. 4, 9. p.) The cortical parenchyma and longitudinal musculature 
are well developed, in sexually mature segments comprising two- 
thirds of the thickness of the strobila. (Fig. 5.) Transverse mus- 
culature well developed (fig. 5, t. m.) Lateral longitudinal nerves 
prominent. (Figs. 
6,6,l.n.). Ventral 
excretory vessels 
| (figs. 4, 5, ex.) large, 
located a consider- 
able distance from 
the edge of the 
-strobila, and con- 
nected by a trans- 
verse commissure 
in the posterior por- 
tion of each seg- 
ment. Dorsal ex- 


-eretory vessels ab- 
EOP S00) CD 


reduced in size as [mm. 
FiG. 2.—SPHYRONCOTENIA UNCINATA. HEAD, CONSIDERABLY FLATTENED 
pO be ad longer ap: BY PRESSURE. ENLARGED. 


parent in sexually 
mature segments. Genital canals (fig. 5) pass ventral of the excre- 
tory vessel and nerve. 
| Male reproductive organs.—Testicles (fig. 5, t.) numerous (over 80), 
confined to the median portion of the medullary parenchyma; the 
‘mass of testicles, extending from the transverse excretory vessel for- 
ward nearly to the anterior limits of 
the segment, is dorsal in portion-except 
posteriorly where it occupies the ventral 
as well as the dorsal portion of the 
medullary parenchyma. Vas deferens 
(fig. 5, v. d.) forms a mass of coils on 
the median side of the ventral longitu- 
dinal excretory vessel a short distance 
in front of the plane of the genital pore, 
50 pA then passes outward and backward on 
the ventral side of the excretory vessel 
Fic. 3.—SPHYRONCOTEHNIA UNCINATA. . 
Hioox ¥rom Rostentum. Entazcep, a0d enters the base of the cirrus pouch. 
(Figs. 5, 6, ¢. p.) Cirrus pouch elon- 
gated, pyriform, about 250 y long. Cian when evaginated meas- 
ures about 50 » in diameter, armed with numerous curved spines 
10 to 12 « long. Cirrus pouch opens into the bottom of a deep 
‘genital cloaca which measures 150 » or more in depth. 


TN 


Sint a wre 


640 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. 


Female reproductive organs.—Vagina (figs. 5, 6, vag.) opens into the 
bottom of the genital cloaca ventral and posterior of the cirrus pouch, 
passing in a nearly straight course on the ventra: side of the ventral 
longitudinal excretory vessel and on the posterior side of the mass 
of coils of the vas deferens. Near its inner end, the vagina is enlarged 
to form the seminal receptacle (fig. 5, sem. rec.), oval in shape, situated 
originally on the median side of the mass of coils of the vas deferens, 
about midway between the dorsal 
and ventral surfaces of the seg- 
ment. At the height of its de- 
velopment the seminal receptacle 
measures 125 » or more in length. 
In gravid segments it is pushed 
dorsalward by the uterus against 
the ventral surface of the dorsal 
layer of transverse muscles. 
Mediad from the seminal recep- 
tacle the vagina is prolonged for 
a distance of 40 or 50 yp, and at 
its termination joints the oviduct. 

The ovary (fig. 5, ov.) is located 
ventrally in the medullary portion 
of the segment on the median 
side of the coils of the vas defer- 
ens, and extends a variable dis- 
tance toward or beyond the me- 
dian line of the segment. The 
oviduct passes from the ovary in 
a diagonal direction laterally (..e., 
toward the pore side of the seg- 
ment) and dorsally and after join- 
ing the inner end of the vagina, 
continuesin an inward (i.e. toward 
Imm. the median line of the segment) 


Fig. 4.—SPHYRONCOTANIA UNC'NATA. GRAVID SEG- l d l di ti n C : 
MENTS FROM POSTERIOR PORTION OF STROBILA. €2., anc orsa irection. urving 


EXCRETORY VESSEL} g. p., GENITAL PoRE; par. ut. around the ventral surface of the 

PARA-UTERINE ORGAN; Ut., UTERUS. ENLARGED. shell eland (fig. 5, s. g.) it enters the 
latter on its median side. The shell gland measures about 150 4 
in diameter and is situated in the dorsal portion of the medullary 
parenchyma, near the seminal receptacle, dorsal of the latter 
and nearer the median line of the segment. Shortly before or 
after entering the shell gland the oviduct is joined by the yolk 
duct. After passing through the shell gland’ the oviduct runs in the 
ventral direction and presumably joins the uterus. The yolk gland 
(fig. 5, y. g.) is a rounded body about 100 » in diameter situated im 


No. 1844. CESTODE FROM AFRICAN BUSTARD—RANSOM. 641 


about the same frontal and horizontal planes as the seminal recep- 
tacle, and about half way between the latter and the median line. 
The uterus (fig. 5, ut.) develops on the dorsal side of the ovary. 
When fully developed the uterus (fig. 4, ut.) occupies most of the 
medullary portion of the segment in the posterior half, extending 
laterally almost to the longitudinal excretory vessels. Numerous 
infoldings or proliferations from the wall of the uterus penetrate 
among and surround the eggs in such a manner that they appear in 
some cases to be inclosed in separate chambers. In the anterior 
portion of the segment the medullary parenchyma becomes modified 
to form a para-uterine organ (fig. 4, par. ut.), which laterally extends 
a variable distance on each side toward the longitudinal excretory 


Imm. 


Fic. 5.—SPHYRONCOTHNIA UNCINATA. TRANSVERSE SECTION OF SEXUALLY MATURE SEGMENT. ©¢. 7., 
CIRRUS POUCH; er., EXCRETORY VESSEL; /. n., LATERAL LONGITUDINAL NERVE; 0U., OVARY; sem, ree., 
SEMINAL RECEPTACLE; 5§.9., SHELL GLAND; t., TESTICLES; ¢. ™., TRANSVERSE MUSCLES; ut., PRIMORDIUM OF 
UTERUS; vag., VAGINA; Uv. d., VAS DEFERENS; y. g., YOLK GLAND. ENLARGED. 


vessels and antero-posteriorly from the anterior limits of the uterus 
to the anterior end of the segment. The tissue of the para-uterine 
organ contains numerous calcareous corpuscles. Whether the para- 
uterine organ is functional to the extent that the eggs are finally 
pressed into it from the uterus and become encapsuled by it, is un- 
certain, as this condition does not obtain in any of the specimens 
examined. The eggs (fig. 7) are round or oval with thin shells, at least 
two in number, an outer shell measuring 70 by 40 4 to 80 by 55 y» in 
diameter, and an inner shell, measuring 45 by 35 » to 64 by 40 uw in 
diameter, thinner than the outer shell, and closely investing the onco- 
sphere. The hooks of the oncosphere measure 25 to 30 » in length. 

Host.— Neotis caffra (Lichtenstein). 

Location.—Lower intestine. 

Locality collected.—British East Africa. 


80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11—41 


642 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. 


Type-specumens.—United States National Museum, Helmintho- 
logical collections, No. 7319, collected by Mr. J. Alden Loring, July 4, 
1909, at N’garri, Narok River. 

As to the taxonomic position of Sphyroncotenia uncinata, the 
presence of hammer-shaped hooks on the rostellum is a character 
which by itself may be considered sufficient to establish the species 
in the family Davaineide, although heretofore no species of this family 
has been known which possesses more than three rows of hooks on the 
rostellum. Of the three subfamilies of the Davaineide, Ophryocot- 
yline is excluded from consideration on account of differences in the 


——————“— 
Yiomm. 


Fic. 6.—SPHYRONCOTANIA UNCINATA. TRANSVERSE SECTION THROUGH GENITAL PORE, CIRRUS POUCH, 
AND NEIGHBORING STRUCTURES. cl., GENITAL CLOACA; C. ~., CIRRUS POUCH; ef., EXCRETORY VESSEL; 
1. n., LATERAL LONGITUDINAL NERVE; f. 1., TRANSVERSE MUSCLES; vag., VAGINA; v. d., VAS DEFERENS. 
ENLARGED. 


rostellum, and the absence of para-uterine organs. The subfamily 
Davaineine is also excluded on account of the absence of para- 
uterine organs. The third subfamily, Idiogenine, is characterized 
especially by the presence of a single set of reproductive organs in 
each segment, a sac-like uterus more or less lobed or much branched 
which is not persistent and from which the eggs finally pass into a 
para-uterine organ. Sphyroncotenia uncinata possesses all of these 
characters and may therefore be placed in the subfamily Idiogenine. 
« Two genera have heretofore been recognized in this subfamily, 
namely the type genus, Jdiogenes Krabbe, 1868, and Chapmama 
Monticelli, 1893. 


no. 1844. CESTODE FROM AFRICAN BUSTARD—RANSOM. 643 


In the former genus four species are known—Jdiogenes otidis? 
Krabbe, 1868, which is the type of the genus, Jdiogenes flagellum? 
(Goeze, 1782) Kholodkovski, 1905, Idiogenes grandiporus Kholod- 
kovski, 1905, and Jdiogenes horridus Fuhrmann, 1908. 

In certain respects Sphyroncotenia uncinata resembles the genus 
Idiogenes. The hammer-shaped rostellar hooks, the unilaterality 
of the genital pores, and the presence of a para-uterine organ are char- 
acters common to both. Distinct differences, however, are seen in 

‘the arrangement of the hooks on the rostellum (10 or 12 rows in the 
one case and 2 rows in the other), in the comparatively large size 
of the strobila and the great development of the musculature of 
Sphyroncotema uncinata and the small size of the strobila and weak 
development of the musculature of /diogenes, in the small size of the 
cirrus pouch relative to the size of the segment and absence of retrac- 
tor muscle in the former case and the relatively large size of the cirrus 
pouch and presence of retractor muscle in the latter, in the numerous 
testicles of the former and the few testicles 
of the latter, and in the distinct displace- 
ment of the female glands toward the pore 

~side of the segment in Sphyroncotenia unci- 
nata and their practically median position in 
Idiogenes. Although the resemblances be- 
tween Sphyroncotenia uncinata and the genus 
Idiogenes indicate that they are somewhat 


closely related, they exhibit too many dif- ho mm. 
ferences to be placed together generically. Fig. 7.—Spuyroncormyta UNE 
In the other genus of Idiogenine mentioned NASA Begs ENLARGED: 


above two species have been recognized, namely, Chapmania tauri- 
collis? (Chapman, 1876) Monticelli, 1893, which is the type species 
of Chapmama and Chapmania tapika * Clerc, 1906. 

* Sphyroncotenia uncinata resembles the genus Chapmania in a 
number of characters, as follows: It is a comparatively large species, 
with well-developed cortical parenchyma and musculature. It has 
rostellar hooks of similar shape. The genital pores are unilateral, 
as in the type species of Chapmania. The cirrus pouch does not 
extend inward beyond the limits of the cortical parenchyma. The 
vas deferens is without seminal vesicle and is much convoluted. The 


1 Kowalewski (1906, 683-686) and Fuhrmann (1908, 49) consider Idiogenes otidis and I. grandiporus to be 
identical but Kholodkovski (1905; 1906) and Clere (1906, 724) hold to the view that two distinct species 
may be recognized. Under the circumstances it seems necessary to recognize both species until more 
certain evidence of their identity can be obtained, the evidence thus far available not being sufficient to 
prove that the two species are the same. 

2Synonyms: Taenia flagellum Goeze, 1782; Halysis flagellum (Goeze) Zeder, 1803; Tenia mastigophora 
Krabbe, 1879; Idiogenes mastigophora (Krabbe) Kholodovski, 1905; Davainea ( Chapmania) longicirrhosa 
Fuhrmann, 1906. 

8Synonyms: Txnia tauricollis Chapman, 1876; Tenia argentina Zschokke, 1888; Davainca tauricollis 
(Chapman) Fuhrmann, 1896; Capsodavainea tauricollis (Chapman) Fuhrmann, 1901. 

4 Synonym: Idiogenes tapica Clerc, 1906. 


644 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 40, 


testicles are numerous. The eggs become more or less separated 
from one another by ingrowths from the wall of the uterus.t_ A para- 
uterine organ develops in front of the uterus and into this the eggs 
presumably pass and become inclosed in a single egg capsule. 

At least one important difference from Chapmania is exhibited 
by Sphyroncotema uncinata, namely, the arrangement of the hooks 
on the rostellum in ten to twelve rows. Less important is the lack 
of hooks on the suckers of S. uncinata, which, moreover, may be due 
simply to their loss in the specimens examined. The lack of a dorsal 
longitudinal excretory vessel may be only an apparent and not an 
actual condition. The location of the female glands toward the 
pore side of the medullary parenchyma though different from the 
condition in the type species of Chapmamia is paralleled by the slight 
displacement in that direction in C. tapika. The eggs in Sphyron- 
cotenia uncinata are apparently without parenchymatous or connec- 
tive tissue envelopes outside the second shell, but it is possible that 
such envelopes are present, as in C. tauricollis, the condition of the 
material examined being such that this point could not be definitely 
determined. 

As already noted, with regard to the uterus and para-uterine organ 
Sphyroncotxnia uncinata and Chapmania are very similar, the resem- 
blance of S. uncinata to C. tapika being closer than to C. tauricollis 
if Fuhrmann is correct in his statement that in the latter species the 
uterus breaks down and the eggs become enveloped by parenchymal 
tissue before they enter the para-uterine organ. 

The similarities in the structure of S. uncinata and Chapmania 
indicate a relationship between them, but as the former is widely 
different from the latter in the arrangement of the rostellar hooks, 
the arrangement of these hooks being given great weight under the 
present system of classification in the separation of genera throughout 
the entire superfamily Teenioidea, the necessity of erecting a separate 
genus for S. uncinata is clearly apparent. 

Sphyroncotena uneinata is much like Porogynia lata (Fuhrmann, 
1901), the type and only known species of Porogynia Railliet and 
Henry, 1909, though this species is at present classed in a different 

1In C. tapika the cavity of the uterus becomes more or less separated into chambers, which, however, 
always remain in communication, and contain groups of two to six eggs (Clerc, 1906). According to Fuhr- 
mann (1908) the uterus in the genus Chapmania breaks down and the eggs become surrounded by paren- 
chymatous capsules, after which they are pressed into a para-uterine organ which develops ia front of the 
uterus, and in gravid segments, after their release from the strobila, this para-uterine organ transforms into 
a single large egg capsule. It would seem, however, both from Clere’s (1906) description and Fuhrmann’s 
(1909) description of C. tapika that in this species the eggs pass directly from the uterus into the para-uterine 
organ. It may perhaps be considered an open question whether in C. tawricollis the uterus actually breaks 
down, the eggs then becoming surrounded by envelopes of parenchymatous origin, or whether the uterus 
as a result of extensive proliferation from its wall becomes more or less divided up into little chambers, the 
outer envelopes of the eggs then being added as a secretion from or a direct transformation of the ingrowths 
ofthe wallofthe uterus. Ifthe lattersupposition be true, the eggs might apparently be contained in individ- 


ual capsules, yet all of them still be within the cavity of the uterus, and completely surrounded by its 
peripheral wall. 


No. 1844. CESTODE FROM AFRICAN BUSTARD—RANSOM. 645 


subfamily (Davaineinz) from that in which S. uncinata evidently 
belongs. Porogynia lata, according to Fuhrmann (1902; 1908; 1909), 
is a rather large species, reaching a length of 24 to 40 cm. with a maxi- 
mum breadth of 6 to 10 mm. The suckers apparently are unarmed. 
The cortical parenchyma of the strobila is very thick and the muscula- 
ture greatly developed. Dorsal longitudinal excretory vessels are 
absent. The genital pores are unilateral. The cirrus pouch does 
not extend inward as far as the lateral nerve. The vas deferens is 
much coiled without seminal vesicle. The testicles are numerous. 
The female glands are not median but are located in the medullary 
perenchyma toward the pore side of the segment, the ovary near the 
longitudinal excretory vessel and the yolk gland between the ovary 
and the median line. Im all these characters Porogynia lata closely 
resembles S. uncinata. If Fuhrmann be correct in his original opinion 
(1902) as to the orientation of the segment, there is another important 
character in which P. lata resembles S. uncinata, namely, the passing 
of the sexual canals on the ventral side of the longitudinal excretory 
vessel and nerve. More recently, however, Fuhrmann (1908, 47) 
has decided that he was mistaken in his first interpretation, and that 
the side of the strobila which he originally looked upon as ventral is 
really the dorsal side. Porogynia lata is furthermore somewhat like 
S. uncinata in the possession of more than two rows of hooks on the 
rostellum. These two species are the only ones in the entire family 
known to possess more than two rows of rostellar hooks, and might 
on this account be placed together generically, though P. lata possesses 
only three rows (Fuhrmann, 1908; 1909) whereas S. wncinata has 10 
to 12 rows. With regard to the uterus Porogynia lata presents 
characters which preclude the generic association of this form with 
S. uncinata, unless the present system of classification is materially 
modified. The uterus of Porogynia lata is described (Fuhrmann, 
1902) as having very thin walls which early disappear, the eggs 
becoming inclosed singly in parenchymatous capsules and occupying 
the entire medullary portion of the segment. No para-uterie organ 
is developed and on this account the genus Porogynia is excluded 
from the subfamily Idiogenine. 

By means of the following key Sphyroncotenia uncinata and the 
various species of tapeworms which it most closely resembles may be 
readily distinguished. 


KEY TO THE FAMILY DAVAINEID&. 


1. Para-uterine organs present in gravid segments.........---------- (Idiogeninze) 4. 
PakaAUMCRECTOLANS ADSECMLS hho cosas oe kic <2 2 Ss okie none Sco eee eee By. 

. One to three rows of hooks on the rostellum; uterus not asec eggs becoming 
inclosed in numerous egg capsules........-..-..--+-----+---- (Davaineinz) 3. 


Two rows of hooks on the rostellum; rostellum very broad; uterus persis- 
PETER ka ny teehee, VIE Lh ok ve cles gare AO PREV OrOEMimes 


646 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. 


DAVAINEINE. 


3. One or two rows of hooks on the rostellum......... Genera Davainea and Cotugnia. 
Three rows of hooks on the rostellum; cortical parenchyma and musculature greatly 
developed; genital pores unilateral; dorsal excretory vessels absent; testi- 

cles numerous; cirrus pouch 450 » long, not extending inward as far as the 
excretory vessels; female glands not median, displaced toward the pore 

side of the segment; eggs with two or three membranes in addition to an 

outer parenchymatous envelope; size of strobila 24 to 40 cm. in length by 

6 to 10 mm. in maximum breadth; recorded as parasitic in Numida ptilo- 

Miuchitsen fri Gas eo tte Salk ee Se eet eee Porogynia lata. 


IDIOGENIN&. 


4. Two rows of hooks.on, ‘thezostellumeeis. 2.0.15. ous ee, De 
Ten to twelve rows of hooks (25 to 30 » long) on the rostellum; retracted rostellum 
in a cavity whose inner surface is thickly covered with spines; suckers 
unarmed; cortical parenchyma and musculature greatly developed; dorsal 
excretory vessels absent or very small; genital pores unilateral; sexual 
canals pass ventral of ventral excretory vessel and nerve; cirrus pouch 
about 250 » long not extending inward as far as the excretory vessel; testi- 

cles numerous; female glands displaced laterally toward the pore side of 

the medullary parenchyma; eggs with two thin shells; para-uterine organ 
supplied with rather numerous calcareous corpuscles; strobila 20 to 37 cm. 

long with a maximum breadth of about 4 mm.; recorded as parasitic in 
Neotis caffra, Africa... 5.22 .202.052.)252.22:.-...Sphyroncoizma uncmeain: 

5. Strobila not over 7 cm. long and not over 2 mm. in maximum breadth; not more 
than 200 hooks on rostellum; suckers unarmed; cortical parenchyma and 
musculature weakly developed; genital pores unilateral or arranged in 
alternate series of 8 to 10 on each side of the strobila; cirrus pouch relatively 

large, crossing the nerve and excretory vessels and extending far into the 
medullary portion of the segment, and supplied with a retractor muscle; 
testicles few (less than 20); female glands practically median; eggs pass 

from uterus into an anterior para-uterine organ..............-- (Idiogenes) 6. 
Strobila 20 cm. or more in length and over 3 mm. in maximum breadth: more than 
300 hooks on rostellum; suckers armed; cortical parenchyma and mus- 
culature greatly developed; genital pores unilateral or alternating; cirrus 
pouch small, compared to the size of the segment, either not crossing the 
excretory vessels or extending beyond them only slightly; testicles numer- 

ous; female glands median or displaced slightly toward the genital pore; 

eggs pass anteriorly into a para-uterine organ from the uterus either directly 

or after the disappearance of the uterine wall and the envelopment of the 

eggs in individual parenchymatous capsules..............- (Chapmania) 9. 


Idiogenes. 


7 


6: (Genital. pores: unilateral. 2+. 20.24. os te Fos ee ieee eee ite 
Genital pores arranged alternately in series of 8 to 10 on each side of the strobila; 
strobila 15 to 25mm. long and 0.3 mm. in maximum breadth; genital cloaca 

small, funnel shaped; testicles 10 to 15 in number; eggs with three thin 

shells; recorded as parasitic in Otis tarda, Tetrax tetrax, and Houbara 

MEI UTA! AON 88 Le ater eccic al 2 Sek et Ca te ee te ne Idiogenes otidis. 

7. Rostellar hooks 150 or more in number, about 10 » long; length of strobila not over 
3 ci., maximum breadth not over 0/b.nimie:...-J.0-25- sos oer eee 8. 


No. 1844. CESTODE FROM AFRICAN BUSTARD—RANSOM. 647 


Rostellar hooks about 100 in number, 22 to 30 » long; strobila 6 to 7 em. long with a 
maximum breadth of 1.2 mm; genital cloaca very large, spherical, its diam- 
eter equal to about one-third the length of the segment; testicles apparently 
15 to 20 in number; eggs with three thin shells; recorded as parasitic in 
ROUT ORMVCLIOT sats once tent ot oy Ae AU Ss ee Lk sel Idiogenes grandiporus 

8. Testicles 10 to 12 in number; yolk gland directly behind the middle of the ovary; 
recorded as parasitic in Milouus milvus, Milvus korschun, and Milvus 
LEOIT 0) 5 eae De as oS a Pi a Idiogenes flagellum. 

Testicles 7 to 9 in number; yolk gland behind the ovary but displaced toward the 

pore side of the segment; recorded as parasitic in Cariama cristata. 
Idiogenes horridus. 
Chapmania. 


9. Rostellar hooks about 8 » long; genital pores unilateral; cirrus pouch 0.5 mm. or 
more in length, supplied with a retractor muscle; testicles about 80 in num- 
ber; eggs with two thin shells; recorded as parasitic in Rhea americana. 

Chapmania tauricollis. 

Rostellar hooks 10 to 15 » long; each sucker bears two conical processes, one on 
either side of the opening; genital pores irregularly alternating; cirrus 
pouch 240 to 280 » long; testicles 200 or more in number; recorded as para- 


BUC RRC OE: LOMO sem cmos? Sec je sabes a wae Chapmania tapika, 


REFERENCES. 


CLERC, W. 1906. Notes sur les cestodes d’oiseaux de l’Oural. II. Centralbl. 
Bakt. und Parasitenk., Jena, Abth. 1, vol. 42, No. 8, Dec. 11, Orig., pp. 713-730, 
figs. 1-31. ; 

FUHRMANN, Otto. 1902. Die Anoplocephaliden der Végel. Centralbl. Bakt. und 
Parasitenk., Jena, Abth. 1, vol. 32, No. 2, July 26, Orig., pp. 122-147, figs. 1-25. 

1908. Die Cestoden der Végel. Zool. Jahrb., Jena, Suppl. vol. 10, No. 1, 

pp. 1-232. 

1909. Die Cestoden der Végel des weissen Nils. (In Jagerskidld, L. A., 
Results Swedish Zool. Expedition to Egypt and White Nile, 1901, No. 27, 55 pp., 
53 figs., Upsala.) 

Kuouopxkovsk!, N. A. 1905. Eine Idiogenes-species mit wohlentwickeltem 
Scolex. Zool. Anz., Leipzig, vol. 29, No. 18, Dec. 12, pp. 580-583, figs. 1-5. 
1906. Cestodes nouveaux ou peu connus. Arch. de parasitol., Paris, vol. 

10, No. 3, Oct. 15, pp. 332-347, text figs. 1-2, pls. 8-10, figs. 1-46. 

Kowatewsk!, Mreczystaw. 1906. Mitteilungen iiber eine Idiogenes-Species. 

Zool. Anz., Leipzig, vol. 29, No. 23, Feb. 6, pp. 683-686, figs. 1-3. 


THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE CRINOID GENUS 
MARSUPITES. 


By Austin Hoparr CLark, 
Assistant Curator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U. S. National Museum. 


Some time ago I suggested the division of the great group of free 
living crinoids known as the comatulids into three suborders, as 
follows: 

InNATANTES: Families Marsupitide and Uintacrinide. 

OLIGOPHREATA: Families Comasteride, Zygometride, Himero- 
metride, Stephanometride, Pontiometride, Mariametride, Colobo- 
metridx, Thalassometride, Calometride, and Tropiometride. 

MaAcropHREATA: Families Antedonide, Atelecrinide, and Penta- 
metrocrinide. 

At that time I was concerned mainly with the recent forms, and 
so I did not wish to go into detail in regard to the processes of deduc- 
tion by which I had arrived at the conclusion that Marsupites is 
closely allied to the comatulids, the predominant type in the recent 
seas. 

I owe it to my collaborators, however, to define my position, and 
to state the reasons for my conclusion, so that they may judge for 
themselves whether I am right or wrong. 

As I understand it, Marsupites is a pelagic comatulid, derived from 
the common comatulid stock and owing its aberrant calyx structure 
solely to its pelagic mode of life; the calyx is the most primitive type 
of comatulid calyx, serving the original purpose of protecting the 
viscera; what development there has been was exactly the opposite 
of that seen in all other comatulids, and resulted in enlarging the 
dorsalmost plates instead of reducing them, as has happened in all 
other forms. The arms alone have developed along the lines followed 
by the other comatulids; judging from the material which I have 
been able to examine, the arms are not only exactly like those of the 
recent comatulid or pentacrinite, but are comparable only to the 
arms of the more specialized types, in the latter only to those in the 
genus Hndoxocrinus. 

It is in the arms that we get the only direct clue to the systematic 
position of Marsupites; but this clue is positive and unmistakable; 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1845. 5 
64 


650 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vot. 40. 


and, once we grasp the idea that Marswpites may be a comatulid, it 
is readily seen that, with due regard for contingent circumstances 
consequent on a curiously specialized mode of existence, the remain- 
ing structures point to the same conclusion. 

When any member of a group of animals adopts a mode of life 
entirely different from that of all the other members of the same 
group we must be prepared to encounter extraordinary and unex- 
pected changes in its organization which are not connected with the 
more normal type of organization by any intermediates; and it must 
be remembered that such changes affect first of all the general body 
form. Among such animals we almost always find the group charac- 
ters developed in a most erratic manner; some structures will be 
very highly specialized, sometimes specialized far beyond what is 
seen in any other members of the group, while others will be in a 
very rudimentary or primitive state of development, or even absent 
altogether. 

As instances of adaptation to a peculiar and phylogenetically 
unnatural environment I may mention the flying mammals (bats); 
the pelagic mammals (cetaceans); the terrestrial birds (kiwi, ostrich, 
etc.); the pelagic birds (penguins); the flying reptiles (pterodactyls) ; 
the pelagic reptiles (sea snakes, plesiosauri, ichthyosauri, etc.); the 
purely aquatic amphibians (Amphiuma, Siredon, Triton, Siren, ete.) ; 
the purely terrestrial amphibians (//ylodes, etc.); the semiterrestrial 
fishes; the flying fishes; the parasitic or symbiotic fishes; the purely 
pelagic fishes; the deep-sea fishes; the parasitic insects; the aquatic 
insects; the aquatic arachnids; the parasitic arachnids; the mud- 
inhabiting holothurians; the deep-sea holothurians; the pelagic holo- 
thurians; the mud-living echinoids; the sessile gastropods; the para- 
sitic gastropods; the parasitic ‘‘worms;”’ the sessile ctenophores; the 
parasitic barnacles; the free-living barnacles; the parasitic crustacea; 
the pelagic crustacea; the deep-sea crustacea. A large number of 
additional instances could be brought forward, but a study of the 
types mentioned is sufficient to show at once that when an animal 
acquires a phylogenetically new environment a readjustment of its 
structure is induced which often leads to very remarkable changes, 
so that the real affinities of the animal are rendered very difficult of 
appreciation. 

Among the echinoderms a few cases seem worthy of special atten- 
tion. The elasipod holothurians, which live in deep water, are bilat- 
erally symmetrical, with tube feet on the ventral side only, and with 
papille on the back; there are no respiratory trees or Cuvierian organs. 
The apodal holothurians, which commonly live in mud, have no 
radial canals, tube feet, or respiratory trees. The free-swimming 
pelagic holothurians have no calcareous deposits whatever, no respira- 
tory trees, no Cuvierian organs, no retractor muscles, and single lon- 


NO. 1845. ON THE CRINOID GENUS MARSUPITES—CLARK. 651 


gitudinal muscles. Only those echinoids which have flexible tests 
possess longitudinal muscles; many of the species never develop 
teeth, while some do not develop the lantern apparatus; several gen- 
era of the Arbaciide never develop spines upon the apical surface, 
this permanently remaining as in the very young of Arbacia. 

Wesee, therefore, that it is a very common thing for a genus or other 
group living under special conditions to suffer an arrest in the devel- 
opment of some organ or set of organs, and in very many cases, best 
illustrated among the echinoderms, perhaps, by the well-known 
instances among the Arbacide (Arbaciella, Podocidaris, Dialithoci- 
daris, etc.), this arrest in development is chiefly evident in the very 
primitive condition of the general body form, as shown by a compari- 
son of the adults of these genera with the very young of Arbacia. 

In the very young of Antedon, as has been demonstrated by Bury 
and by Seeliger, there are: ; 

(1) An apical system, consisting of a central plate, or dorsocentral, 
and a few columnars; 

(2) A circlet of underbasals surrounding this apical system; 

(3) A circlet of basals outside of and alternating with the under- 
basals; 

(4) A eirclet of radials beyond and alternating with the basals. 

(5) A cirelet of orals, each oral lying directly beyond a basal. 

The differences between the calyx of the young Antedon and that 
of Marsupites are: 

(1) In Marsupites the apical system is composed of a single plate 
instead of one large plate and a series of smaller ones; 

(2) In Marsupites the underbasals are very large, as large as the 
basals, instead of being very small, as in Antedon. 

This latter difference is easily shown to be of no especial significance 
by a study of the calyx development among the recent crinoids, and 
especially among the comatulids. Primarily the calyx is composed 
of four circlets of plates, all the plates being approximately equal in 
size; these circlets are (1) the underbasals, (2) the basals, (8) the 
radials, and (4) the orals. Phylogenetic development is in the 
direction of a reduction in the size of the calyx cavity and of a pro- 
gressive extrusion of the visceral mass. The underbasals are first 
affected; instead of forming, as in the primitive condition, an impor- 
tant integral part of the body wall, they move inward, reducing their 
circlet in size, so that their inner borders, instead of abutting on the 
sides of the topmost columnar, slip inward over it; at the same time 
they gradually become more and more recumbent, finally attaining a 
horizontal position and, instead of functioning as a part of the lateral 
calyx wall, become merely a sort of flooring upon which the contents 
of the calyx rest. The basals are next affected; they become reduced 
in size, and their lower edges slip inward over the inner side of the 


652 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40, 


horizontal underbasals, so that they eventually form a horizontal 
circlet of plates superimposed upon the similar circlet composed of 
underbasals; this condition is seen in Antedon just before the trans- 
formation of the basals into the rosette. A somewhat similar state 
of affairs is seen in the pentacrinites, though here the basals are not 
quite so reduced and, instead of covering the underbasals, as in 
Antedon, they imbricate over them. The radials travel the same 
path as did the basals and underbasals before them, and in most of 
the comatulids have become quite horizontal, serving merely as a 
platform upon which the visceral mass rests, and for the attachment 
of the arms. 

This developmental path is very plain and easily demonstrated; 
but in Antedon the underbasals at their first appearance are very 
small and irregular in number, while in Comactinia, Comanthus, 
Hathrometra, and Compsometra, according to the investigations of 
Mortensen and myself, no underbasals ever appear. It seems clear 
that in the recent comatulids acceleration of development has 
operated to push the metamorphosis of the underbasal circlet so far 
forward in the ontogeny that it either only appears as a transient, 
usually imperfect, circlet or not at all; from what we know of the 
transformation of the basals and of the radials we must assume that 
the underbasals were of equal importance. This reasoning demon- 
strates that there is no tangible difference between the calyx of 
Marsupites and that of a comatulid in the younger stages, excepting 
only for the occurrence of a central plate, end to end with the under- 
basals, in the former. 

The central plate in Marsupites, like the similar central plate in 
Uintacrinus, I believe to be the homologue of the dorso-central 
(terminal stem plate) plus all the columnars of the comatulid. Ina 
previous paper I traced out the development of the crinoid stem from 
a hypothetical primitive central plate such as is seen in certain 
echinoids. I assumed that the central plate in Marsupites and in 
Uintaerinus was a primitive central plate, and in no way comparable 
to the comatulid centrodorsal (the topmost columnar of a subse- 
quently discarded stem) for the following reasons: It lies in the body 
wall flush with the surrounding underbasals, and therefore can not 
be a columnar, for in all stalked crinoids the topmost columnar sup- 
ports more or less of the lower margin of the basals or of the under- 
basals; this is a mechanical necessity, as otherwise the weight of all 
the calcareous structures would have to be taken up by the soft 
interior structures immediately above the stem and by the sutures 
between the topmost columnar and the underbasals. As the under- 
basals of the young Antedon surround its apical system in iust the 
way that the underbasals of Marsupites and of Uintacrinus surround 
their central plates, I see no escape from the conclusion that these 


No. 1845. ON THE CRINOID GENUS MARSUPITES—CLARK. 653 


central plates are the equivalents of the entire apical system (the 
dorsocentral plus the columnars) of the developing Antedon. 

There is additional evidence that Marsuwpites never at any stage 
possessed a stalk, nor did Uintacrinus. This evidence is purely 
circumstantial, but appears to be none the less good. The enormous 
range of Uintacrinus socialis is well known, and recently Marsupites 
has been shown to have a range equally as extensive. Now we find 
among the jellyfishes forms which are purely pelagic and other 
forms which are fixed for varying periods. The extent of the dis- 
tribution of these different types is very varied, the pelagic species 
having the greatest and the longest fixed the least range. When we 
compare the distribution of Marsupites and Uintacrinus with that of 
the recent jellyfish we find that the parallel is distinctly with those 
types which are exclusively pelagic and pass through no fixed stage, 
and we therefore appear to be justified in assuming that Marsupites 
and Uintacrinus, like them, were always, at all stages, free swimming. 

Marsupites has large orals, and the arms are attached to a com- 
paratively small portion of the distal border of the radials. Both 
these features are characteristic of the young Antedon, as well as of 
the young of all other genera in which the young have been observed. 
The orals undergo a metamorphosis just as do the underbasals, 
basals, and radials; but this metamorphosis merely takes the form 
of gradual resorption. In general, the resorption of the orals is 
correlated with the metamorphosis of the basals in the comatulids, 
as exemplified by Antedon. It would be presupposed, therefore, 
that, were we to discover a comatulid with persistent unmetamor- 
phosed basals, it would also possess persistent unmetamorphosed 
orals. 

Correlated with the presence of orals and unmetamorphosed basals 
in the young Antedon, we find the arms occupying only a small por- 
tion of the distal border of the radials; and therefore the same feature 
in Marsupites occasions no surprise. 

Mr. Frank Springer first poimted out the correspondence between 
the structure of Uintacrinus and that of the comatulids, in particular 
to those belonging to the Comasteride. Uintacrinus has the same 
globular float-like body as Marsupites, but it is differently formed; 
Uintacrinus has progressed much farther along the phylogenetic 
comatulid path; both agree in having a centrale instead of a centro- 
dorsal and in the possession of underbasals, though these are not 
always present in Uintacrinus. They should, therefore, be united 
in the same group, a group parallel to those which I have called 
Oligophreata and Macrophreata. 

Uintacrinus has an eccentric mouth; if we can judge from the 
analogy with the eccentric mouth of most of the Comasteridx, it 
also had a many-coiled digestive tube. The long digestive tube of 


654 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40, 


the comasterid species is necessary on account of the habits of those 
animals, for a large amount of inorganic matter is Ingested with the 
food, necessitating a large absorption surface; the comasterids of 
deep water have short digestive tubes and central mouths, like the 
species of other families. Uvntacrinus, being a pelagic form, probably 
lived at or near the surface, and therefore its food consisted largely 
of minute plants. This would be sufficient to induce a very con- 
siderable increase in the length of the digestive tract over that 
necessary for the assimilation of purely animal nutriment. Marsup- 
ites had a central mouth; we can not say that it did not have a long 
digestive tube; if it had a short one, it may have been strongly 
plicated like that of some of the recent endocyclic forms. 

The position of the mouth is of no particular importance, system- 
atically, in regard to the question of the relationships of these genera. 
Among the Comasteride most of the species have a marginal or a 
submarginal mouth, though a number have it perfectly central as in 
Antedon, as, for instance, Comatilia. Moreover, in those comasterids 
in which the mouth is marginal it is always central in the young, 
and does not begin to move from its central location until the orals 
have become entirely resorbed. Thus in Marsupites, with its large 
orals, we should not expect to find the mouth eccentric, no matter 
what might be its position in nearly related genera. 

The crinoids are primarily fixed types inhabiting shallow water, 
derived, not remotely, from free living littoral bottom inhabiting 
animals. <A pelagic crinoid, or a crinoid in the deep sea, is a crinoid 
living under conditions not normal for its class, and in such a erimoid 
we must always be prepared to find some structural inconformity 
which, unless we are careful, will prevent us from appreciating its 
true affinities. 


INDEX. 


Page. 
Abbott, Dr. W. L., Mammals collected on 
Borneo and some small adjacent islands by. 53 


JNIDICUIIT See Rte Oe a tee ee Toe 289, 290, 317 
SNPUSTIGARDUS= ssc ..- 225 oseessee == 313 
CalvOnniCus rene sacecc---.css56seees 313 
CUIMHIGUSI faeces eee neo ses ems 318 
TROUNGYSEISS 5 oe ee = ae ee ee 314 
MTU sep peace cee oe sce ee 313 
MACTOCANDUS., 2-0 scschee stereos 312, 313 
MARVIN I CUSteeseaste eae co cenionaeee 314 

PAM ILGE TON Clark secc.< case se oeeaseccolenne 534 

MNOIMALC TS soe iaweee Shetiece eee ce 534 

Abyssinia, the Hoffman Philip ethnological 

CONECHONMEOM Ns. 55-5 s5- cinerea cee sees ce 265 

PNCATIGHAN DIC A et eem eee cc oom nates ere cienie cia 634 

PNCANTMIOM CraSSISPINIS: - 222 il eose acces eee 113 

[Koya¥en cere hb ts hobo eee Se Ree 113 

PNCHSIVERIMMGENSIS (=~ Sa wai. ~iseciee sacie< 278, 287, 437 

CHTOMNENSIS== = set... scene eee ee wsences 438 

CUD RMA stent ee caace Ne eer eae se ces 35 

COCTID TS SEMI Rp epeig eR Ee eA a 435 

OTIC AN Bean Seen soe aes aes elee n'< se 436 
mollusks of the genus, from the North 

PATIAINDIG See eciee wee sess sage snis == hee 43 

SrLDISU GUL 3 2 ees conta es re a 436 

Bun AU ast seeaa= Sasi Nace oae Secies enie esi 435 

WaT Oe RS ROHS eee cect ae teae 437 

WIGS sos Sec eS DSSS Ree ene Sacer 435, 438 

PATCTOSGHISINUS noe semaine at fa(an are ainiseeaelsei-.cte 497 

PNCrOSLICHOMLCTIS cr, oc cleres cicinssemias ciaiemin = eieiem 289 

‘Actinometra annotea.........--22--<2------- 18 

Coppinger: .. caseecceeenin== ase 16 
CUMIN ST els ce aac .sja.c eee alec 20 
Gloneabaessn ccc peer mccie sete eneccs 18 

QUIGC ADE este eae nclat a sisiaiale 19 

ATUGTI CHGS Sooo kasi ese vse 18 
Kiktesitt een: dec cackicinces ss 19 
Maculabheteer suse aacasce esse 26 

INE VEUIS esac eae seq coe mac's 18 
muullbiradigtas ss = ssaceteeere 6, 16 
INTER OUIS=- ata soetsa series Spain 40's 18 
MARVICIITS soos Seesers oe 5, 6, 17,19, 42 
PSUCLEMNE - 5toccec gee see See's 18,19 
Pectin gays oko wes Shes sce 17 
POlymonphass es ee Skee ceseec 18 

Oyo (lute) | Ee eet ha reere tee oe 15 
Qusdratdets se oseencc ce ceeccnss- 18 
TOUMIGR Bees ack eee esse 19 
Biniple x «shes: Scieee dane eee t- <= 18 
SOLES GARN 13 ao es he Os ae Ba os 34 
tLACkiVPaAsleL- = s\4--- 22224 5=-<-- 18 

/figa, a new species of, from the Atlantic coast 

of the United States...........------ 623 
OLAU LASSER Eee ettecs <secesiccsccsscenies 623 


Page. 
Africa, a new cestode from a bustard from.... 637 
crinoids of the coasts of..............- 1 
Agromyzanmelanopy lances .sceeceecseec ess 449 
ALTE LAT COPS tap aae ane eae ae eee 114 
Ala ba inCertaiss7 saa 48 SecA ete eee oe 287 
AMabinarcerithi dioidess 22-4205 sae se eeiee = oe 287 
ANTE CLO}CATINGTA Saas Sessa ee ee ee eee 1, 34,35 
CNGHIMU Se sese. a aae sone ee oe oreceieee 36 
flagellate s2ai28: sa520 See sea 28 
palmatas tas. J s2 eae aaece seem ee aces 3,27 
DaLVICInTa eos seer ns fe eee eee 18 
(OER ENA Apes is Bene See eaEeOEaone> 44 
SAVIONIT S 5 APs scl oeececemesee eco 2,24 
TIMMONS! 322.55 jascesseaemee eee 18 
walal bergils sa caccins so ce nse ssee ae 2,17,19 
SATIVEING Es ee cee See eee ae eee eee ee 625 
AMOnNp Ha TruUChCOSAssaasseee amok aera ee eres 255 
AMP hi DAMS ect cneecr ee Cece ee eer Een ee eee 431 
PTANGICEPS: ce e-ceces cseneee ee 432 
GHOTACHUUS =. sae eae eeaaee 431, 433 

Amphibian, new, from the carboniferous of 
i1ibe10) cee REE Sere aera neo Cre ROE Ate 429 
Aniphimetrayarnicandsss eressereseereereeete 8,20 
Giscoideaiss Sacto eoecsoc acces 2 
philiPer tives. cecsaheccewsose nos 21 
‘Am phisorexslesmeuniin=sossese se -e eae 378, 379 
AMP HWUWM Asses ancecce cose cece ecsesecte 650 
ASTID LITLUB eee eae aoe ce ects See ee eee eeeier 627 
KI pIE SS: So cee cee st nee nace ese 627 
PAN AGCASIIIUIS! # Meer seo ssn eee ene cet 224 
AT ap he pnirac toes see ee aaaee eee ees 441, 445 
Anmastrephaludensmece sess ase sneer eer seser 181 
IATICISTTOCENU Sassen asso aaeene eee ems 498 
ANIGCIStrOMNIM Stes te oy se cee eae 582, 583 
ANTES eke Sete seis setae neilnmateeraletooe 492 
andrenoid eso.ce 5-2 aeseies ee 493, 508 
ASTOLISsces= seta cas eee eer 494, 508 
Gow Anne soesescseesanbost seqbas 494 
Grawi0rdic 2-25 4. e see eee eee 508 
GTESSOMI Geet ee seein secon eee 508 
GeSpPONS8 oe eee eae nae 508 
didel taza secs eace es s-aeeeeeeee ee 508 
Ould ek aot e sre Joe ec ooaeeacaas 508 
ibih OnE Se cenene haces ascoseoocce dass 244 
Naniordensistesee. eres eeeeeeee 494, 509 
ere WC aoe eyoeee tee eee eer 508 
hilanisvessacce sees ae cee oe eee 009 
UP POteS ee ee eee eee since eeenis 509 
HTINDIENSISS 2 soos eees oe ae eee 509 
TMC AGEEK ee sens See ae ete eee 494, 509 
Var. Drotundae sec enoeea== 509 
TOXaN Ae --saase mene 509 
Ty COLNE os seoesea dese oesassecDo= 243 
Ion thibecesese ei eeeemeeae ee eee 243 


656 INDEX. 


Page Page. 

Andrena knuthiana=.- ..ess- see s-ce=ese = 243 >| -Antedon) porrectas-cee == -eeres eee ee eee ere 37 

NOWASHISs ch feces ccc cmciecebereias Se 509 PLOLECLUS 2.2 - sce eke eee eee 26 

mandi pulanises--eem.cqce se see 494, 509 TOSACCHisis onc. s cic ce aes en Soe 39, 40 

muultiplicatasccs.s--ceseeene ace acto 493 SAVIQNYis 2556 neces ee sneer eae 5 

NASOMI Josonesctusk eee cee cence wees 509 Sclaberied 5.392. See coo eee oe eee 5,38 

TMV AIS sees eee ete seer 493, 494 SCLripinma- 225-5 ee 5,6, 30, 33 

TUG Ae ctetie cease Me erence trite 509 SPietsecses coe cheese 36 

pilipes 32th ese se eee 244, 495, 509 Spicataes tsa. Bh oe 6,28 

10/0) byf240) 0b Ee ROR OAR aA EO Scie aGaHTaoHaS = 509) | -Anthidiumbattine 22 --e4eeeeeee ae eee 250 

IDISeCOCHOCNVISgater eee eee A ene seas 243 lan ditium! 22 seeeeeee eee 249 

[DWBEC OD Sh Ano cns sonemodadcapnsagoeccs 243 predentatum......... 249 

TIDCSINA 2 ede Scat os acemwieseeese 509 mMmaAculosumMje2e6— eco ee eee 249 

TU PSHUCNSISS ae feces cctsete cisco oeletaeer= 243 MOMLVACWIMN eos eee ee 249 

Salictarigeccse esse ceese ose e 509 PCCOSDSE j)2). css 5 uate ee 248 249 

Siti soncceseee as acee seh mek oa ee 509 philocuts--. ese ee eee eee 250 

SOUGUM Ac o3 5) sasscmemnceceseueasseee 493 Var: abbottisessseeeeee 249 

Sparsipilosae.eaeicseee eee ema 493 placitume 2.32. {see eee 249 

SUDCAN GIG ae ee enemas ein eetselace 493 predentatum........-.- 249 

POX At ae ee ce dom yee ee dia 494 Porters 322655). sews eee 249 

thoraciea\ 525-52 242tesenseeseen ase: 244 poudreums.. i. o22 sea 248, 249 

VeTCCUN A= a2 2 = seefen ean eerie eee * 509 tentiflorss 4-225. eee 249, 250 

WiCiNas.. 25 -scsscsesee BaSSadneceoe 493 | Anthophora albigena ...........:.0222se2e: 259 

VACUO ai sarc ceric etoecie Sao SSE 508 atro-aliba 30-0 0.0 eee 263. 

ANGI USIS Seek tecispio seis ameeeis o> meetete 150, 162 Iblandaide 2h, aut pele see 261 

TOGUNGUS Ese ocean sence ee 160, 162, 163 Circulate; 5-5.5.2_- eee 259 

MIGHArdSOMNI. </\epeee eco esse aoe ee 163 Contisa: te ee 259, 264 

Anempheres diaphaniz...........-.-.------- 188 connexa (Podalirius connexus). 261 

AmMIAStUSstrICOlOTiPeS see eem es seen ae seeb eae 478 OVEISAG Sb oa eee 260, 264 

Annandale, Nelson, Fresh-water sponges in finitimas) 08s ee ee 260 

the collection of the U. S. National Mu- Aili arsis eee ee 261, 263, 264 

seum.—FPart V. A new genus proposed, hil gen dorties asco ee 261, 264 

with Heteromeyenia radiospiculata Mills as hispanica:244), 2. eee 261 

INDEbsed cooeaascapee soanescepasodessSa0esd 593 melanopnatha. 2 s-eeeeeeee 263, 264 

ANG ROLICH A eo oe Serie sas see a beiaioiee eine 218 monacha 4 263 

PATALEM OTe eleleta clea eee eee eee 651, 652, 653, 654 nigrocincta, var. canescens. .... 262 

BATIAtICE 5. ese oc Sec eeat eee goes 9, 40 niveatasa. yao eee 260 

bifida. ........-------------- 7, 9,38, 39, 40 quadrifasciata.................- 259 

ibraziliensise-< sacc.os-ouscet oot ease 35 TehlWSa os es eee 263 

Capensis.........---.-.-+----+--++-- 5,34 TetUsiformiss=-)- see ee sae 262, 264 

Carinatacs..e.cssase-cetieseneee ae 6,34, 36 TOD DLs ee ee eee 264 

(Crotalometra) flava........--.....- 37 TUAPES! o<ce eee 259 

lusitanica ...-....-- 37 savignyiesec. 259, 264 

porrecta .......----- 37 Senescens:../-. aE 263 

Guhonils jo- see. 6-isstdewn occ 2,3, 12, 40, 45 Senilig.<-  e 262 

CMCNGAWIK. «32s nass sce ceeemmocese 4,28 SDsc ci tte ee 264 

flagellata....-..-..----+--------.--- 4,28 tedshenensis!: 3.4 yasseee eee 261 

flava..-...-----2-222eeee ee eeee eee ee 37 testaceipes S255 2.6 Seas eee 261 

UL O TLS stetmeial cle lesen 3,4, 7, 12,39, 40 venera bilisses 2 4aee ae ae 261, 264 

impar ipinna.....------------------- 5,27 zonata buruensis............- 260, 264 

impinnata.........-.--+--+-+--++-+- 47 whiteheadi....... 259, 260, 264 

klunzingeri--...-..---.------+++---- 4,20 |) ‘Amt ostiote. shane econ eee 417, 419, 420 

(Leptometra) phalangium.........- 43 aulophora......i'./ 23a eee 417 

leucomelas Des Stas ig Nhs eet 27 Aonyx cinered oo ee. sce ccs sober ae eee 119 

ludovici FETS Tope Ok Coe eae TA aT oe A pamteles .. 20a Jie kee ee eee 188 

lusitanica AE Gein atte pie 37 (Apanteles) lacteicolor...........- 475 

ee ae SPAS RSURGAN ceil tongs ae Lee 5,36 Chrysorrhoea)<eee acetate eee eee 475 

Marginata. o-oo - 2-2-2 nae aoe 5, 26 Contaminata). eee 475 

MarmMorata....--.----+------------- 36 (Dolichogenidea) banksi-...-.....- 173 

IMOCMiberTAN Cas seesen acessories 7,9, 34, 40 iucigleolor 476 
Mediterraneus- sss.) oc aeee es eeesos 43, 44 aps igmenaeichetad emabtng as ec 22" 

ea as teak 4 olay a 0) FGA ON 18 JaCteUS= 228255 qeccee sre teseeeseeees 475 

milberti, var. dibrachiata.......... 2 (Protapanteles) africanus a: aa wie 

MNULPIS PINS pees eter See oe caenceS 38 bedelliae.....-...- 174 

OMUSS Asc sass wees cisine ee elee anes 37 beneficus.......-- 175 

DALMATAL esate otal ee eee 5, 6, 26, ws chrysippi..--.--.. 175 

APASHS Mee eee eee ee ete penn oti conctiformis....-. 176 

phalaneiumic esses eeee eee ee eee 43, i flaviconchee....-.. 192 


INDEX. 657 

Page. Page. 

Apanteles (Protapanteles) fulvipes.........- 45 Bascanion constrictor: ._...+-----cseneeeos: 233, 239 
griffini............ 177 | Basketry of the Philip Abyssinian collection, 

Solitaniussosscce <5 175 desenipLionlo ie aessesee eee eee eee 266 

(Pseudapanteles) consimilis.....2. 177 | Bathyerinus............--....2--.s2cces---- 12, 50 

Ginclees oh aoa) 178 aldrichianus....... pate pa aT 8, 46 

PNTIAINCCLOS SSDer creiwiareinvens cs mo aceceiienc cmcstie 447 Camp bellianusse = sees eee 46 

Aphanostephus skirrobasis.............-...- 255 OTACHIS oop ake ee eee 7,46 

PAWNS PEISICHe-MIPED. < 25s s bene < cceteincomne ste 559 Derrients sce o tee eee 7,46, 49 

PASOMIOLIS 5 series matciiern ceive isis Secic wia\s 372, 373, 374, 375 TECUpPeravUSeestae-seesceeeee sees 7,47 

PANIIOMIU IS erty aera aaroiaeie ince ae oe ciee aaGiamine nar 468, | Bathyime tras, 5 seer nase eaee eee ceeeieee 12 
(DUSUUS se ceric aici emncins eseicte seis siete 468 | Bean, Barton A., and Alfred C. Weed, An 
Agaucaria imibricata......-.-.-sssseecee spose ailhi electric ray and its young from the 

reichenbachic..<cectececssccee ease 308 westicoast Of Mloridass...-2-5-seeee- 231 

PNTAUICAIULES sons soe Suk ccaaeecieniseras aiae'e 290, 294, 308 Notes on the genus Lepomis .......... 369 
CUT VALOIS So ae oe Secs Stemmons 293 | Bees in the collection of the United States 

drmikenibvenaticceostsacscecaseceens 291 INaiional Museum 22 22.2 2502s ene eeceeeeaee 241 

Va Sibu Serie etee es ctiers mretemicinanae 291,292 | Belonogastechthrus.......................-- 498 

TELCHEN MACH sac ecistieces ce al 308 ZEN AUUATU ele eee ae 498, 507 

WIEPIMICUSE ace snscwiccscccweceee SIGs 7s BClOnOSAStEL aa enoeotnesaseceee cee ene eee 498 

PANTS CLO lee eae ercetacsc ais wince cidiseracinise oasis 651 elegans=e-meaecaceetenccreeer 498, 507 

PATE HISs INGTON ©. «<5 ssiacc en clesie sieitieeie << [15a Benth oreniae si7.5 65 s529-c5cissee neneseeee 415 

PATCLODOUS. <cces cases cccces sue cee 150, 162, 163 cribellosaijce saa. eceeesegene eee 415 

PATCtOPAlIdiA StIPMACA....<ccecececmececce 116,117 | Bermuda, New species of shells from........ 277 

ENO OVO) Dah a, NE oe ee eS ee 228) | Bero Clegansis- =o) seee eee eae accor eee eee ee se 540 

Argentina, South America, descriptions of a ZEN CUS oss asia toe eee eee Cee ee 540 
new genus and species of isopod crustacean Berry, Edward W., A revision of several 
of the family Idotheide, from the mouth of genera of gymnospermous plants from the 

thewhiordelaelatals ose: occa cuetdeseise 169 Potomac group in Maryland and Virginia.. 289 
Arizona, descriptions of new genera and spe- Berry, S. Stillman, Preliminary notices of 

Ciesonmulllipedstnomess 255252. s6 eee. sscece 147 some new Pacific cephalopods............. 589 

Art, pictorial, in the Philip Abyssinian collec- Bianeolina neg lectaerseeneets eee ae selene 509 

MONMGESEHIP HONS Of-ssesc0 a. cnseee ooo ee es 270 | Bittium armillatum............... 384, 385, 386, 391 

PATENT OLARAS Gece seek ce caeisw ce Seeeeel 290, 292, 295, 303 arMOldaee nee kee mece serene 385, 411 

PAIL HTOCARODSISH << s ceic.-acinebcccetins 289, 292, 295, 296 GSPSUUM Ae ae see ele 384, 385, 397, 405, 406 

e@xpansa.---2.. 291, 297, 302, 310, 311 LOMBENSC 53 ese e ee onesie 406 

STAM GIS ew se tate ecw aeciee 291, 296 attenuatum...... 383, 384, 385, 393, 394, 395 

Pachypiyllaseee eae sees ces 296 DbaEbarense sass ese csets oe seeeeeiee 405 

RAMUICRULISSe eee ee eee nee 296 (Bittium) johnstoms..-2.-.-..----4 387 

PACE UIATO CORLL Sisy- tsa cite oie cic Sicginin soaiscieie’e 303 PaANaAMeNSe Se eee eee se 386 

Aspidogaster conchicola..................- 237, 238 Casmalien se). =r ase eerie 385, 411 

PNSUCTIAS HOM AS esac nye ec oaiiawiqee meee 39 Catalinenses ics sccccdsenacce=sccne 385, 403 

mul tiradiate hae alee as te ecco 16 INGRAM eee eee eee 385 

pectinata....... Je jE EE RR 16 CatalinenSis’: )s-aemoceeee cee eects 402 

Asteromeyenia plumosa............---.-e0-- 594 Gecussataies= (to -<i-clemioneste sees 327 

Tadiospiculatass-se-se4s eee cee 594 decussatilisen - sere ae ceee eee 385, 409 

BNC | OTRAS ENA ec snie Poo nace cee ora eee ceeinins 424 eschrichttiy22..-titden-essscsmeae 383, 389 

anacanthusee sesso. Seu Niemi 5S 424 eschrichtii Or aenceiee oonercieeeee 388 

JASITEESS oes (pce a ea 234 esuriens multifilosum............--- 395 

Atlantic coast of the United States, new fastislatuim’. saca-cceceuaaeececo nee 384 

species of AXga from the...............-.-- 623 fete 222 Soe crsiajo sci neeceeers 385, 409 

PAC OCMIONAEVITIGWIA< oq-5< os soso eae 496, 508 AOSUIMNG.. Sass cemessaes ones 383, 387, 393, 394 

Bartsch, Paul, New mollusks of the genus JMO Ban Ascoc cosseaecsee soeecaenocc 327 

Aclis from the North At- gigamteumne eae en - 2 = 385, 410 

TATiti Coe Se Sea a. Le 435 JOHNSTON Ge see cee iaea s/s iain eletelelsreieine= 384 

Mherecent and) ciossill mol: (Lirobittium) asperum. ..-. wore 385, 405 

lusks of the genus Bittium . lomaense. 385,406 

(ulm ARE. SHER catalinense.. eee seee 385, 402 
: inorna- 

PANINI CB. =) saci os) eesecee 383 tum... 385, 403 

The recent and fossil mol- cerralvoénse.......- 385, 406 

lusks of the genus Cerithiop- interfossa.<z-.....- 385, 401 

sis from the west coast of munitum.........- 385, 404 

PACITI ONICA Mer ores Piseis\ aio eee isics 327 munitoides 385,405 

and William Healey Dall, ornatissimum...... 385, 403 

New species of shells from AMO CATL ULE eee ee 412 

IBeEmiU dates | yseee.. cess ac 277 TUN Tha ato occa at osc eeee ce osseeee 327 


80796°—Proc.N .M.vol.40—11——42 


658 INDEX. 
Page. Page 
BIHMUM MUNIN. 5-10.00 /s\ec/sicwinietceteisice soars 405 | Bustard, a new cestode from an African.... . 637 
miltens! 2 S54 S225 ca eee a eeeeese 383)400),| Caliroa amypdalina a. Wes ses-c-ee--eaceee ees 190 
Oldroy den sa scemcisawteincea dees 8855408" || oCallitris). jci.a2.asaceae sees cerioseeerseeeeeeeee 301 
OLNALISSIMUM 2): Sorrccm mere ence eee 386) | Calliuirus:.....22 252 Soa sects Coe eRe meee 372 
panamense..... eet eiseee aratetatsie 384 MNUTINUS 32S. sns <2 ccleeccleecsee mane 371 
PUrpUTea -2- shoe Fete sass sce 327 «| Cammpodeas jy mici52 dunce ecenncciees eee 148 
PUTpPUTeUIN ss soso eee eee aes 385 | Campoplex oxyancanthe ..................- 188 
quadrifilatum:. .........2:.-.- 384,389,098: | \Camipyloneurus.--s- s.4-c2-o cee eee eRe eee eee 476 
IN GENSeee aoe es sees 328, 363 bicolons. <3 -sacsescesieneee 476, 477 
recent and fossil mollusks of the bicolorinuss 25. ..-=seeeeeee 477 
genus, from the west coast of @antharusimassenac s-csescceseee eee eee 277, 287 
IAIMIOTICR SHR Se. Pee see acces 383 orbignyiis.2 55 ..- nse eee 277 
rugatumie. Sh ss Se 384, 386, 397,405 | Capillaster multiradiata.............-..-.- 8,13, 16 
(Semibittium) armillatum........ 384,391 | ?Caput-Meduse cinereum.............-.-..- 27 
attenuatum....... 384,393 | Carboniferous of Illinois, two amphibians 
boreale.384, 395 SOM thE: 5.12 95s sascesnece setae eee 429 
latifilo- @areliopsis: .< .2 i socio ~<ccjceneemeeeeeeans 279 
sum. 384,395) |) @aniama cristata. .---.-==csiesceeeeeeenieee sae 647 
multi- Carpolithus. = 56 jecacacelactaeeseceeenaeeseere 298 
fi lo- Catalitia a. 2.52. cejocssinntiaceisinee cee eeee nee 528 
sum. 385, 395 COMPLeSSUS S55. -<-<-eeaaeeeeeeeee 528 
Lari See Se. eels 407 ALITA os do ass cia idle miecloinie sie sels eee 528 
MILENS 532% sesia- oe 384,400: | Catolaccus....-........ <2 ..i.-<seeseeeeeeeeeee 444 
micholsiv=senc-cesee 384,899 || Ceanothus cressonil....---6--.cces cece «asenee 508 
purpureum.../- 2... 884,391) ||. \Cenometra bell... ies. esos cneniee See 4 
quadrifilatum..... 384, 398 emendatrin. js.iosh< steaks 6, 8, 28 
TugabUM 235. oJ. c- 384,397 | Centrarchideed ..2 52.2. <9 4eeseieenn cee ete 372, 374 
subplanatum....-.. 384,395 | Centrelus faleatus........ 22. .ssececnieeee see 154, 156 
vancouverense..... 3845392. |. Centropyge.c-+-225sceo-- 2c scene 326 
(Stylidium) eschrichtii......- 384, 385, 387 | Cephalopods, preliminary notices of some new 
icelum..... 384,388 Pacific. sccseseosee ae eee ee 589 
monterey- Ceéphalotaxites: occ -.cee- nae soe eel 298 
ense.-.... 384, 389 INSIPNIS 23 once pscecnemeeeees 299 
GTA ma 2 ie See c cist eee eee 328,364: |) Cephslotaxopsis 222.245. ci <cmin saeeeree eet 289 
VANCOUVEreNnse_a.2-eaeesenecseee 385, 392 Istevitolia see eee coeeees 300 
WaT OSUGI CNS: == ere etan = elaeteerae ete 383, 384 MAeMITO MA seme oem eee 299 
Walliamsomiveceeece cease eseee == 328, 360 microphylla....-..-- BRoocS 300 
Borneo, mammals collected by Dr. W. L. TAMOSS cw siteeisseee's Seco 299 
JN SOON OO anmcon seas soobadsoose soe Sanneo 53 Thy tidodes==o. ences ssiseeer 299 
Bornite and chalcocite in the copper ores of the SPCieS. «22s casos eeeee eee 299 
Virgilina district of North Carolina and Geramaster: .. 0202ch0 52k Gece 422 
Virginia, the relation of......-...--------- 513 | Ceratophorus grinnelli grinnelli..........---- 562 
HOS SOMG AI CUS sees e ans cece acres 58, 61, 62, 63 utahensis..........--- 562 
Brachyphyllum . Pua Aas he, Bababay. ab tae oe 289, 303 Cercis canadensis Seon eek eee ido tee eee 255 
crassicaulle. -- ~~. ----- chee hae Cerithiopsis abreojosensis. ...........-------- 328 
PORMAT eres nsaee eee 291 9 
a aa RAR oe Ui 304 AMteMUNG a eects eee eee 329, 35) 
Bet ts RUA hi si hug 304 AWA eee ees ee eee ee eee es sees 282, 287 
jauberti Pee ak LA Ra 304 AMOI. os steieeew cee eee 329, 357 
Kyran: Ssesesepaceecene 291 assimilata.....+-2--++-+++-++--- 327 
macrocarpum...-..-..- 305, 306, 307 ULL C2 oo aie en icin = allele ea 328 
milan hte, 4a sense ee boneee 303 D@RDYA <5 (cielo =isetetetete-tee eee 328 
moreauanum........-...--- 304 bicolor s..222.4-25. eee eres 329, 357 
obesiformes-— oases eeesei- = 306 bimareimatumls sasesesseee eee 327 
elongatum...... 307 carpeniteric.. iscesese eae eee 328 
ODESUME eae asec eee. 306 @etea-/ ihe sae ee eee 327, 328, 333 
parceramosum....-.-. 305, 306, 307 Cesta Ad a ee 328 
texemse.....-----+-+-------- 306 (Cerithiopsida) diegensis.....- 329, 347 
(Bracon) Campyloneurus rugator........-- ae 476 earls ce 329, 348 
flavator i ee aaah eel sear chee a a 476 (Cerithiopsidella) alcima...-.- 329, 350 
mavoritus So ie Shai g cat ioe aio gS ale antefilosa ... 329,349 
MOVITUSS eee cace sesso eee cise/aet 476 ; 8 
OLDIPATIS! Sere eee nec ce anen ae 476 ere te conn a aad Bes 
Rate eee nev igen « harnmecke ae 432 (Cerithiopsina) adamsi.......- 328, 346 
spies Rig oe an gerne rE, ee 373 necropolitana... 328, 
albulas: .. 2G. 2 a: 369, 370 329, 345 
Busck, August, Descriptions of tineoid moths (Cerithiopsis) abreojosensis .--.- 3338 
(Microlepidoptera) from South America.... 205 RULER cw sasececee se 3d4 


INDEX. 659 
Page Page. 
Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) berryi............ 389) 'Cervullus)pleiharictiss-.. 2.2.44 54s e eee eee 71 
carpenteri........ Bae SeLviuss DrOOKel wasceds + esses aoe ee 69 
CON CW aa ane eececes 333 ACU Neyer ones See eae cE enn ee 61 
CEstamsanaccesecte 341 SUT eto recto Sas eee nee eee 70 
fabulysesnee seer 329,331 | Cestode, new, from an African bustard...... 637 
galapagensis...... S40 Chee aces so: on nascaew dee scoe cen maha ee ee 169 
Maliage esc cccescsc 3440) “Chestodon argentatuss 25 -csc se eee eee ee 319 
Heglecta- 2... -.. 2+ 343 | Cheetodontide, fishes of the family, from the 
OKYSs. cnt occ fe Se 332 Philippine Islands, descriptions of three 
pedroana...-.---- 335 Ih (ecuor ate sd apssocecKn as poe seu oeooLesoS 319 
pupiformis....... Bod 3) Cleelod ontoplussesecessee sere see ec mere eeeee 326 
SOLOKG a ctee miacccis 333 | Chaleocite and bornite in the copper ores of 
BleNeE Peri ase eee 342 the Virgilina district of North Carolina and 


dina.... 343 
tuberculoides..... 336 
var.albonodosa 337 


COMMING aeees cess eee ace 327, 329, 354 
COMVERA Sten acme eee nieene 327 
COSMAS ocisisic coc cicisiestactels\sysiakcse, 328, 348 
Cinta laececarecccocrkecetcues 329, 352 
MECUSSAtAs at cen een ceme cee 327, 383, 409 
GeStniBesies ooo eno hess cece ce 329, 365 
Giomed CkO ees cece eee ness 329, 359 
excelsase ges ite ote cmc ccints 329, 352 
OXCOISUSE ci nccccemsec ce emee ees 328, 352 
AGU srerarcie tse co Sears oacaee tere sine 328 
POLMOL esos cose ieee ec 327, 384, 401 
fossil mollusks of the genus, from 
the west coast of America..... 327 
HOSSILISE eee a ceies<nece coos 329, 352 
Palapagensises jecc-s<- ese eases oe 328 
PlOTIOSBae eee Sak are eo oes 329, 352 
ASA Gees oe ok barsctejceeen amie 328 
fifrequens)\2.02c= secs os esse se 329, 355 
WIG EN See ese a asc cmecoee 329, 363 
IIGERCALEIIE syacye se sie ine sis/seie «a2 327 
Oe eee cee as ee cicieile siege 285, 287 
Mapellani Cae eee esse ewes 329, 358 
montereyensis.\.....-...--=..- 329, 363 
TNO WI Verse eee seiciewe es cee 281, 287 
TUTTLE eestor oi=.<stetet= cietols eceiet= 327, 383, 404 
TTUUETU GAN es ows eroraisy sient elem eee ee 384 
MO PIECLAstyaletc cise sat eas cis cece 328 
ORY Seeeee ee ers see eee ase 328 
PALAMOCR a pene teccoecce setis 329, 356 
DOCTOR A ejac rts cies a=) yejersreisiciela'= 328, 335 
DOLUWIAN Ae cies ecweesie ci! 329, 365 
POSS epee ie ete= Sieiter cin ctyere aise sani 283, 287 
PuUpilornus s-- - 2 -scme nc < 327, 328, 337 
DUNPUNCA eee esaseiie= aisle 327, 384, 391 
BOLOKes ees cere cismin a oaeece= 327, 328, 333 
Fics dle GeGaeneeee. sesee 328, 342, 343 
Gina eeceees a ooees es 32 
THUMCETAs we eee eee 328, 361 
Sle hens sc see sce aces vie 328, 329, 362 
PRUN CADW acters: 2 cicros ee aeeine = ae are 329, 361 
tuberculoides..o.--4-<--< 327, 328, 336 
albonodosa.. 327,328, 337 
Libba Reese Roceeeseaoee 329, 364 
WICOlaM tS 2 cer Seis acces esicmne 284, 287 
WALTAMSONI- jo =a. acccse ese ce 329, 360 
Geritmumeassimilatum <=... ----.c--me-s00 327 
GOSUNUE CSI eee seis: nein eeeie le 327 
PUL OS UIT ay aretha tials ee ace ais sss sister <n 383, 387 
Dab age [UIGIn ae ee Se oOSe ROB AAGSe 355 
TIS PLEC GUMEM ere oie ieyaracsslolersi=i=i=ivieisinci= 327, 343 


PEPUVIAMUM. | <2c cas cscece ial san'e 365 


Virginia; therelationi0l=.2.2.--eee esse ener 513 
Chapmaniaitapikase-se sss. ase eee esos 643, 644, 647 
Ue bby (fa) |b) se so see eeaoe 643, 647 
Ghatelaineavis. 22 o-chacesay seen ee 465, 470, 471, 472 
pterodesmoides:...........-.- 463, 464 
Chatelaineid se oiss .ecnecen cee nace ee aanene 472 
Chelonus|bipustnlatus-= -sssee-ce sesee set ee ee 476 
EMR Dison eersscac ase hecen Geeeetoe 178 
loticinctusiiess eo see ateeee eee 179 
WeSINGELIL ot oo Sonascoscesssceeeione 179 
Chione cancellata.......... Banca cere 288 
MIAZY Clas )t2 e505 ole ee acess Seceeee 288 
CHInISCUS Mae colesse ace ses ume A oem en cere eee 169 
QuUStralise sae e Pasa be tae < aici tele 170 
Chloralictus nymphaerum..............-.... 496 
Chioniontaunipes:s=n-e- o-eeeencassceeees cee 507 
LCHNETIMONCUSaeese seen eeeee eee 507 
(sodontia)auripessceee sees ences 503, 507 

(Palmodes) rufiventris, var. opun- 
LS a oe erred rn ee OS 557 
pollens nai 222 <<cecjienescemeeeeceee 507 
Chonodesmusseeeseeace cee e se eee enone 468 
BIDCUS | sae Rnin wieteetare =o asrals eterayaere 468 
TOPULATIS! 3 oaia1se Selemoictomeieitesre 469 
Chrysiptera: melas 22 ascasc sense see scence 535 
Chy todesmideer.. 25-6 j.2cce's owcmmiseene.secniee 460 
Chytodesmus laqueatus=s.cmccmesceece cee 461 
Cinceas tetas see cach aietecameciea cence one 422 
Cirroteuthis macropes---s----esms-2-csscee ene 589 
Clfadobates|speciosaeenaconeae--aeeenee Sees 121 
Claricemcosmurius.. s22a--enceasees ace cee 544 
OXI cA c ec craatisc me ceen Seen eene 544 

Clark, Austin Hobart, The recent crinoids of 
the coasts of Africa... 1 


The systematic posi- 
tion of the crinoid 
genus Marsupites... 649 
Cockerell, T. D. A., Bees in the collection of 


the United States National Museum 2..... 241 
Coelioxys apicatans<5 95.4. easree somes eee 246 
Conlususeeress-eeeeese ze cte ioe a -- 247 

decipiens: 2s <setigs tees eee 246 

LE POUAKIS Se omeiemnwelsaiseem tices 247 
@eiothyrapis) apicataseseeeseeeee 246 
ped < ea seeeceboscedoncoscocs 247 

DEESCUS fo oyetore tel epeieieiel= tate fas=tla iene ani 247 
SIRMONSIS s+ )-:00 cece eae 246, 247 
WentIGaliSte, seers aes sieeeeeeeeee el 246 

Coins in the Philip Abyssinian collection.... 275 
Colobometra chadwicki..-.......-..-.----- 5,9,30 
Golionaniays Wilt seers ea telecine ers 287 
Columbella mercatoria..........-..---->-- 277,278 
SOMULSIANA Sc ke ceeciccerisceer 277, 287 
Comactinia meridionalis...............----0 18 


660 INDEX. 

Page Page. 
Comanthus (Bennettia) wahlbergii.......... 7, | Crambusicaliginosusepe. sss ee seeseeeee sees 184 
(Comanthus) rotalaria........... 19); Crasped ometrarmsatene--- =n ese neer eee eee eee ee 9,21 
ParVICINTAL rene ceeeeee CE tease 8,17, 19 madagascarensis.......... 8,23 
TOUMIATIQE Ae So cnccccaecasaracee 19°) i(Crassinellla parva sna se see ee ee 288 

SDiee tence noeeenOcecer eae secas - 19,20 | Crawford, J. C. Descriptions of new hyme- 
trichopteras SoS: cjase ee ose ae 13,17,18 NOPCT a2. oe eee io eiae gos eee eee 439 
(Walidia) marvicitra sc... --<-+.-- 18.| Crawfordia cockerelli...-.....-2..-2---cee- 497, 509 
Wall bereits -. = srisecckicsicisaeence 5, 8,13 TADIOSI ee ooo esc ee ee 497,509 
Comatellaimaculatar <-cccnc- scence 6,8, 13, 16 rudbec levees 2 ease eee eee 497,510 
Comatilian tsar cea ee eee eae ea eee 654" |) Cremastus hymenleey aoe. 5 eo ee eee 189 
Comatula adeonwme so -enas.shessecissceeese 24) Crepidilaiconvexasase se pose eee 287 
IDICOLOD ES serra as se aie screen cine es 34 | Crinoids, recent, of the coasts of Africa...... 1 
brachiolata swe desrelince meee ee ae 18) |@rocisa decoraa-te ee’. Jae caer See 254 
DreVACinTa soe .cseee ees shee tee 18 \Crotalometratec. cuegse see cee eee eee 12 
Carin ata es ee oe arse cesses 1, 2,34, 36 Maya. sostes.c casks eee ee at 
COCR ee atiass Saseceu es aSeeceeeee 43 IMASNICITa S| aaa 5,8, 36 
Coccodistoms a2. c.ccsmcs seseoeee 16,17 DOMMCCLA 3s o-oo tee eee 8,37 
Bm a tates cise cle atenoe cae soa 167) (Crotonimeomexicanume..-- 4-55" eee eee 584 
helianthuSesasess eee: ee eee 19) 5 KC ryptod eSMUS =~ ..5- ce eeces ee eee 465, 467 
MNGIGAL aco sats eit se teteceemeeeae 3, 26 BlatUs sss SAdceee eee 461, 468, 469 
RewComelass seem ce seese asco PPA olfersiliccc saeco eee 467, 468 
IMECILErTANeS /ytone emacs coe ee cals 40 pusillus:--c250c-¢ eee eee ee 467, 468 
IMEKUENSIS ose nathest-Gm os ane eens 13) || Cryptolechia canariellss es. —=- 455 eee eee 212 
ras UBUI FENOPY REYES noone Soe dSSUatSoco= 1,2,24 huachuellas 2 ~~ 2-2 esesee ee 212 
Onlentalisee -Mcsaciscere aoc aaereee 19 roseomarginella................ 212 
Daltnata sessed oceceees oe 3,27 | Cryptoxilos dichromorphus...............-.. 180 
DIC CAE Rt eee oo. Pena Rare ee 35.368) CYSnODLCRUS . oases ao eee eee 62, 476 
TOtalaniges] 4h ceases nee aes 19), |;Cyclometraiflavescens.-- 2-24-06 sees 51 
EYE | 3 Ages Ui SD) Diy i aA HL 27 | Cyclostrema granulum var...... sen alates 288 
Simplex s. Mies canes een 19) .Cyclothyrophorus\sseesc2 2 eee 157, 160 
SOIADIS  oi0.0)<n'ein e's ee cyoe tee nereprcioneeinie 3,15 Salvini..<..5 Soe eeere 160 
SDrsrereleyccaisaniacee seitiererelaiin eveea site 1524 ° 36: | (Cymatium chlorostoma::.---c5-s-aeseeeeeere 287 
WOO Wardle. soe ok ceeceeeeniscee 43>) -Cynogale barbatussscese. a. ao. see eceee aes 117 
COmiIssia Teno tants occ s ccios clown camer ee oes 17 DENNER. ee oe oa eee 118 
Conchyloctenia parummaculata............. 448 | Cynopterus brachyotis.*...................- 127 
Cook, O. I'., New tropical millipeds of the rach yOtiso--- sees 128 
order Merocheta, with an ex- inswanrgMss see eeee 127, 128 
ampleofkineticevolition=.--. (451) (Cy parissidiumece Seesesrence- ee eee eeteae 295, 298 
Notes on the distribution of pracileysSs2succosens see 292 
millipeds in southern Texas, DaiCtes: |i 22. jcceee ee earn ese oe eee eee 193 

with descriptions of new genera Dall, William Healey, and Paul Bartsch, 
and species from Texas, Ari- New species of shells from Bermuda...... 277 
zona, Mexico, and Costa Rica. 147 | Dammaramicrolepis...................-.... 304 
The hothouse milliped as a new Danaisichrysippussecse5-sceeee see e eee eee 176 
PONUSs/Seraygse cise ae saoemeee 625; | -Dasypoda hirtipesi:<-2n asec ee seen eee 256 
Copper ores of the Virgilina district of North JAPON Cas 52 Ske Sane eee eee 256 
Carolina and Virginia, the relation of born- plumilpeseese eee aie ee 256 
iteand chaleocitein thejousssecce ce. eects 513 TIDIALIS aisle x, wieis = visas geese eee 256 
Coralliophaga dactylus............. et Ste 288) | Decametra alaud essen eee eee eee 8,33 
Corythroichthys quinquarius................ 526 Info RM IS oF) woe =e eee see 32 
Cosmiometra gardinerioc. ses. .ccece eeeee 6,8, 38 MODiIUSIS. -.-..5. ose ee eee 8,31 
WOOGMASONI as ccn cose ne aaeaeee 38 MOIS see Je esc nsec eee Eee 8,32 
Costa Rica, descriptions of new genera and taprobanes:.. 2825 easier eee 33 
species of millipeds from.................-. 147 | Decempeda cornubiensium.............----. 38 
Costumes belonging to the Philip Abyssinian Deltocephalus labiatus..........- TaaJoeeeeee 506 
collection; ‘deseription of: -2.---.-----.-+s=- 273) Democrinus parfaitiles sss. 5-5 eee ee eee 47 
Cottus nord weee tener ce ee ctw eeemecee 537 | Dendrocopus villosus extimus ............-. 620 
Crabrocsce nce acne ec werisa Seti seem eesecee 559) || Dendroctonus'|barberi...5.--ssseeeeeeeeeneee 561 
Cinctibellusesacccssacuciseecueesce chee 563,|, Diachasmajcrawiordijess--05 2-2 se eeeeeeeee 181 
decemmaculatus | cena. see assa-eeee 564 | Diseretus nipponensis................------- 182 
(Hoplocrabro) ferrugineipes.........- 564 j 0) (1-0): ee eES Ses oo saa 182 
MOVAUUS 2 cays occenes 564))| Dialithocidarise:.s2.s-neeeasseeeee eee ceeree 651 
ANCOINUP LUG Soe so cose eee weeeceeinecne 563) |) Dianthidium) parvum. <=... 52 -cereie= 2 eee 248 
(Solenius) townsendi.........-....... 563 simile; 32 oe eee eee 248 
sonorensis........ et ORI nee ots 564 fexanum, 622.25 ohare eee 248 
(subgenus)? schwarzi........:.......- 563) |, Diastomac vee. 2.5. ce oe Soe ee eee ees 384 


_—| 


INDEX. 661 

Page. Page. 

Dichrometra flagellata.-.3.....-..-...-- 851352728) ee pimys carimate. cence seca sce ce eeee 108, 109, 110 

Klunzingeries wse7scee tele ee: 9,27 CTASSUS! co: saci cries erie acre eee 103, 104 

palmatat sso ee eae 5,9, 14, 27 cremoriventerecss-o- oseeees eee 111,112 

PTOLCCHUSHs- senses ees 5,9, 14, 26, 27 EPHIP PUM E seed eee ea eee 98 

SPecinseens oar wea Rattiseeene 27 FITTS A ys estes ae eee 102, 103, 104 

WMIOdONTUSIACAIMSTS he. ay eee ee eee 560 FINES tacts crease ce cee ee eee 111, 112, 113 

bidentatuses.-.-92 22s eee. 560 MASUUUS See eevee ee ee 104, 105, 106 

ID INSSCASLCKs Aeafweineeatac ts ck sete eaie eee oc 418 Neslectusssca- suet ee ee 98, 99, 100, 102 

Mocodesmussss+ = sass heck ese 453, 455, 458, 471 fo ko Ces tS Ll Pe 99, 100, 101 

WIN CeMtieisae: os. Asse seit ene 461 lamucotanlse.-.-2 5-52.66 100, 101 

OTCHOZC] Odea ia sama waar ee ee este mice 182 meplectus! ss cececee eee 101 

KOCHElCI A SS2 ete se beaee ete 182 MeFNAVUSEesccsc- ese aeeeee 108, 110, 111 

OSE ae has 25d Soe as wn tedad nase eae ce 593, TAG eee Sane see ree 107, 109, 110 

PlamMOsasvanssnetnss jesse esas eae 593 Taj ah osuiniterseqacse ss eaee eee eee 108, 109 

IDTACISCUSISACHT asc 5s tane sent ee eet oe nwa 541 SANANUISt ese cte serene ee nae 105, 106 

Dracilowae so <.saaNeacesad soodessesgas evades: 545 SAGUTa US: sac oee cence ee eer 109, 111 

MUTA WISsSJAnsseee acse ee sae 545 SCDUCUSE As cer eene esse Renee 102, 103, 104 

MryobatesihylOscOpuS.s-+ 422-2 ses 611 SODUUUS eyecare ees 108, 109 

picoideuss + Acs sss ede Se 616 SDavwapus see see eee ee LD 2 13 

Pubescenstessee sees ae nena 617 UIDECUSE sip ciome tose Senn ere et 109, 111 

SANCUONUMse jas saseecee Satta 619 Whitehead ces) on. some ee eee 106 

WATOSUSSs oo ee oe eet et es 618, 619 perlutussecae— sees. see 106 

audubonii.. 596,599, 601,602,603 | Ervilia subcancellata........................ 288 

ENisSOMeNUS-.4-2 5-52-2502 OSG ale bry Clima limell awe. 5 sae tee ee 288 

DOMOle OLonolieal mH SChiriChitiien es ears eens eee eee 383 

Exbimuses.--2.. 5967597, 615,620) ||) Ertiellaischisticolor---.. 0422-4. 4. -seee seen eee 178 

{UIMCUS!2 eee ee OT OLONGZ0 I | Pobre CalT Gs sees eee ee 301 

harrisi-. hse eee cee OOO yi Meer COTACINGTC He se nee = eee ee 257 

597, 610, 611, 615, 616 Sociabilis)s. i.e eo ee 256, 257 

hylobatus.. 596, 597,615, 617,618 | Eudiocrinus atlanticus...................... 44 

hyloscopus. .... 597, 609, 611, 612 (Pentametrocrinus) atlanticus. - 44 

ICASTUS 42 see 597, 609, 612, 613,615 | Eumeta bimarginatum...................-.- 327 

intermedius...........--- 597, MNTORCA ATA eens! eae eee ee 327 

613, 614,617,618 | Eumicrerpeton parvum................-..-- 429 

jardinii..... 597,615, 618, 619,620 | Eupathocera luctuose................-.--- 502, 508 

leucomelas:=---------..-- 604 Ipictipennidis: 252 --s esos eee 502 

Teucothorectiss..--2------ 597, Ulan Gigs c 5) saree ame eee 503 

608, 609, 610, 611,613 | Eupomotis................ 369, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375 

maynanrdies se. saseo—- a. 596, 603 PIP POSUS 5322. Jss= Ae eee ee 373, 374 

THONG COLES eee nen ae 0 Oy pene Us eyyecrer ieee eis se ee oe 148, 153, 154, 160, 162 

597, 604, 606, 607, 608, 610 Solestuss. asst Se oe ee 151, 153, 156 

OLMIS se seo 597, 609, 611,613 | Evolution of useless characters in millipeds.. 451 

picoideus!2222-- 097, 608; 616; 617 || Paleulina ochricostata-+.------+.-----+------ 211 

DISERS eee cence 603,616)" Felis (Aulurim)jplamiceps:..--s4-+-s2ss455-ee 114 

sanctorum........- 597, 619, 620 Dene alensise crs seSe 4s eos ees cee ae 115 

septentrionalis ........ 595, 597, TAT INONA Gad crclnes enone oe aye aye iceeeraereey e 56 

599, 600, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608 Nebullosa sso. Saeco eee ae ee 54 

LELESNO VE 3-5-5225 - 2 a= 596, DIAMICE PS). 3). soles es ee see 114 

597, 607, 608, 616,617 | Filinota hermosella..............--.......- 206, 207 

WINOSUS sae ces aoe 595, 596, 598, penulviella Jesse ee. oe eee ee eee 207 
599, 601, 602, 604, 605, 606,608 | Fisher, Walter K., New genera of starfishes 

ICHINOSELODUSI ect e erent seek elses ecia ce 295, 305 from the Philippine Islands..............- 415 
mHedonellameathi=ssacas a 2-cec te eee ce esece 589 | Fishes, new genera and species of, from Japan 

Hien ChiusiGenUICOMMIS! =. lL. - sss. snes <- = 492 and the Riu Kiu Islands..........- 525 
PBWASIS@RGIN Chaya ee ets eee cee ek ee eens 552 of the family Cheetodontidz from the 
Emballonura anambensis..........--.--.-- 1325133 Philippine Islands, descriptions of 

MIONLICOLAMS ene oe eee ioe aie 132, 133 GA TCC IC Were eae ere ee eee ee 319 

pusillatwes cngceccescceetca se 132 1as|) Missurides bermMudensises ease. sees ees. ee 286 

HINIGHOCTINUS YS Pee ceememe so se eie ces ceisssisie 49 (Stenoplax) bermudensis -....-..- 288 

Endcoxocrinus wyvillethomsoni.............- 7,45.) Elathishes, notes on twOwarese =... ace elle 201 
PO plonnceniushess sees to ew ole oo 562 | Florida, an electric ray and its young from the 

epacogesulphuriang.-<. 22.0... 222.2 02.0.2 227 west coast Olssh =): -sasesg- nese eee eee 231 

HI peolus pUsillisssea sve oS he wwe mz e ata 247, |) Montatia Pracilises..= 7.25 -2- ane ee 626, 628 

MPI S ANAM Drees sess ees ve sale cee = LOS! lh irenelacs= 322528 h. Jose Guecisea naar 301 

AS PCR eps soe cee a a ccraimrecieinete ates TOGA |S EPETO1OPSIS seperate ate atelayais eeelay cretatatel t= eee ere 301 

Dale leenaanme a eee Ay ots Soha Tee 105 ' Funambulus insignis diversus..........-.--- 79 


662 INDEX. 

Page Page. 
Gaillardia pulchella eect eee eee eee eee eens 255, 256 Halictts alexoidests. <<... oi. dseec be ane eee 242 
Galeopterus'abbotti- -.-- = 5- 2 -c0 sence a-- == 126 CAIGGATIIG TA Sie oe oO ee 249 
aoris....-..------------+-------- 125 interruptusissas¢ eee eee eneeee 242 
IDOrNeAaM Sie. see e 124, 125, 126 THOTIOM ER hte 242 
Jatitensisses-s-seeseeere sees 125, 126 nikkoensisen. 20.24 241 
pumilus....--------+++++-+++++- 126 TUM PHSeAriiNe eee ae ee 508 
Galiteuthis armatar ee scenes etna sinc n= 592 pauxillus tee s2e- seek ccs eee 242 
phyllura........-----------+--+-- 592 Quadninotatus:.25.----5---ee eee 242 
Gastrochaena rostrata......-..---.----+----- 288 SPANSIISM ES enc) cos). ee ee 508 
Geimitziaeeer ees sean cain ebAaekee eels 314 Gumiilorums. <2. c2k cee 242 
Gophiynocrinusesec see 2 s2ese-8i- eran eases 12 VOSA ELIS I = ee, se jcorae 0) sie ken ee 508 
grimaldii.........-...-----.-- 5,7, 46 ZOpRy CUS: ciate. Gale dee eee 508 
Glasses, sporadic, on the supposed origin of. . 481 Hiamines:suecinea... ooo eee 287 
Glischropus tylopus......-.-------+++++++++- 134 | Hasta argentidorsella..............-..---2-2- 210 
Glosselus........-..----+-----f+2-+2---22220-- 450). | sees bolts: 86'S cee. cas ee 186 
musaruMm...--------------------- 163,165 | Helarctos CUTrySpIlUS ai Sec i... Scene eee 120 
naresil......----.---------------- 166,167 | Helenium tenuifolium..............---.----- 256 
Glyphisodonsviolaceuses:s).-22--0 seen a 585): | Seren Bint TS ees ae eg Le ge 253, 255 
Gly ptarscitulavee eferasecan oe se oan tees 196 Pumas. 23) ev 568, 571 
Glyptocephalus cynoglossus....-...-.------- 548 Helioperca =... tates. nek eee 373 
SAS - .------------ 22-222 +e 548 emerophila...2 22 22 Sccct.. shoe eeeeneeeeee 228 
PANO NHS pooeae oe eee es sS5 nee 548 | Hemigalus hardwickii...........-..-..------ 117 
Glyptostrobus. .........--------------- 290, 292,303 | teniochus monoceros......-----------+-+---- 323 
brookensis.......-- 291, 297, 302, 303 Sinpulariviseeee.= see eee eee eee 321 
angustifolium..... 302 | Herpestes brachyurus.........--------ee+-+- 117 
expansuS...---------------- 291, 297 Semitorquatus 3 oa--nac ee eeeeee eee 117 
fastigiatus.....--------------- 291 | Heterometra gravieri............22--22-e0--- 8, 25 
groenlandicus.......-.--.---- 303 jOUbiNi sss. eee ee 8,25 
TaMoOsuM......-.----------- 302, 303 TOV MAC aes ae eee 25 
Goldberger, Joseph, A new trematode (Styph- Sear ca eee a 2,5, 9, 14, 21, 24 
lodora bascaniensis) with a blind Laurer’s Heteromeyenia plumosa.........-....------- 593 
Canal... -.----------22-- 02-2222 e ene eee e ee 233 Tadiospiculataes: ss. eee eeee 593 
Gonada falculinella.........-...------------- 211 | Hippoglossoides dubius...............------- 546 
GOnNIOteRITMA etn cies ae ease ae eee eels 224 elassodonk. See eee 546 
aNNG..-------------- 2-22-22 2---- 224 hamiltonieescepsssese sees 546 
DUrMAannWiane = cece see 224 Ikatalkcurcess sane eee 546 
€mmMa...-.-----------+------+--+ 226, || Hipposideross 2: <as<2:225252 2002 2 pee 60 
inga.......--------------+---+--- 225 diyacoruman-.eeeee = eee 129, 130 
TSE Cos Boscosesoqosoconosesc 224 Paleritis sso sess eee 129, 130 
YOSQ...-------------------------- 224 z InsOlensies s/2 4s. eke eee ee 129, 130 
Ree he nso tenasosnodseeesncobsc 225 larvatuss 2 tesa eee 128, 130 
Vil pec ocnosacobSesastscecods sce 226 | Holacanthus multifasciatus...............-.- 324 

Gonloztisnt eee oe eee eee seen sare 188 | Hollister, N., Remarks on the long-tailed 

Gonostigmius2 4-2 ae eee 559 shrews of the eastern United States, with 
yy /DICUS se ser eee seer 560 description of a new species.....-..-------- 377 
Gorytes (Gorytes) neglectus...............-- 567 ||| Gorismenus ssheser eee eee see eee eterna 445 
(Hoplisoides) costalis........-...--- 567 apantelivoruse.-c.----eoseeeeee 446 
Von: 0) leery ae esr 8 569 balou: s2232622 5-260 eee eee eee 446 
(Hoplisus) helianthis se. -e-csn- see 569 cockerelli sc: .ie 2s eeeereee 446, 447 
TOYS UAC TIS erertelate ei alae eine aineene= 567 CUPECHS #22 aoe. ee ee eee 446 
(Pseudoplisus) gyponacinus.........- 568 micetallicuss:.:<.< sesso eee eee 446 
venustiformis........ 568 NPTORONUS Seo --- eee eee 446 
Sapellomiseeas ocacecsceee-seeme eer sla 567 nigrocyaneus: ==. -2s-ssssseer eee 446 
Gutierrezia sarothre, var. microcephala.. ... 584 PIOGUCtUS 32 e— oe eee eee 446 
Gymuachirus fasciatus.......-.........-.- 201,202 | Hormiopterus fasciatus. ........-.....-----.- 183 
MUGUSS 3a eke tee abe ane 202 graciliformus......-...- Te oeee 183 
Gyyamaitinaalibaets so.cn ven stones hee eceee eee 124: ||" Eoulbara undulatas.=-cser sce ceehereee eeeeer 646 

Habrobracon beneficientior.................. 182 | Hough, Walter, The Hoffman Philip Abys- 
IbrOVACOnNIS == jones eee eee 182 sinian ethnological collection. ..........--.. 265 
Habrocy tus, phy cttldis jeen ese. ee eee meee ns 444",|' Eltylobatesleuciscus! 22 e224 -5 eee ae 142, 143 
Plercel. cess sees eesecladeee ee 443 mitillerits 2.2 beer 142,143 
thiynidopterigis: .---c-e-ceeeee 444 allbibarbisis-5-c-scseease 142,144 
Halictoxenos greenicheri................-.-.- 496 mitileris: ..ccS2eeeee eee 142,144 
ALY MOAPM CATS oe eleiate oe lnielailaye eis 496,508) ||) Ebylodes=.. ctccsonneceasee sea seeeee ss eee 650 
; neti (sb e ee Nae ene acaasoneace A9G. 508-|ebyamenasters =. s2-2se- 2 one ase eee 425 
Halictusialbipesai.-c2- acces ci-neeraciseee 242) |" Eiymenasterides.s7. sae eee ne saceceeee sees 425 


INDEX. 663 
Page. Page. 
Hymenasterides zenognathus.......-.-..-.- 425\ |) Krerivoula hardwickil_............-0css.ce< 134,135 
ieyamemigwtascialise = 2- base. s25s-nS5-=255255 189 papillosat-.s 6 sees eee eee eee 135 
Hymenoptera, descriptions of new....-....-- 439 pellucida: 5.2.4.0 ese ee 134 
Hiyoerinusirecuperatus _..- 22222 sceec-n-i 47 DICH ess ns ceciseseene woneaneene 135 
Hayperallus)\calinoge: << 2-0 clase secinw en's = 189) WbactarligharncstGcmnee accom eee ecoeremacieos tete 625 
EB POSOteri@ispanisaas.\2 sacle Seco sere 478) ||, Wactophrysitritnopiss... .o-)-2 -eeace-\eescceee 535 
Ey Strixslon Pica Gan... << cenwcedes eee ces 113 | Laney, Francis Baker, The relation of bornite 
MELE ODSIS Soc oyerars cise cin inle ie = see se ciao =o 634 and chalcocite in the copper ores of the 
Ichneumon-flies, descriptions of one new Virgilina district of North Carolina and 
genus and eight new WAT CIMA Sic Ao Sokore ce -crsieiciaciseae ee Sree 513 
SMECleS!Of ss aiecisnansansets ARDY, | TWABFICODSIS 4-126 oc cemented sa bee seeiee ene ees 313 
descriptions of six new gen- Wanikpusidiversuse: ccs 5 44a an eee cone 79,92 
era and thirty-one new SRT A 52 os Shays nyhrac archery Satoh RIS Mes EIS 313 
Speciesiofeassseas sm ecocee 17er |) Barrada distinetac.s.ace-<- conte eo eases 582 
FRCL ONS foo oe ah == aps a iad, xie erwinin sD ertarac Sere 372 tenwicorniss2<, = 2. scs22ehee ss Sale 582, 583 
MFROIBS TC Leia 5 accor ea =o aisle ee ees Rees £22, 42 30\ SMALE ODSISA i sxc sisisccene e See Sainte Sate site 582 
olto PONeSs 4. scme ste io seas see Se clre ce eitim en seers 642, fUliCOFNIS! + <e.= sass Jashosesseeecetee 582 
Ma gellUM 4-252 <isis cei.sictstesscm eins 643, 646 portianuss s.2:4).222 228s saroteeienss 583 
STANGIPOLUSE = <a,15 sees Sass S212 643, 646 tachysphecoides: ......--.-.---.-.. 583 
Lite} aH Xols Gis Eee en Ya ae 643,646 | Laurer’scanal,anew trematode withablind. 233 
OLLGISH)..ceeene cscs beiisn ene aes 64376460 WeeinotoxenOs: 2. ss--aee eee ee eae eee eee 498 
Idotheide, descriptions of a new genus and MOlONOTUIS? 2c Sessae cise. Sosa ses ee 498 
species of isopod crustacean of the family.. 169 annUlats:- acess eee Sea eee 489 
Illinois, two amphibians from the carbonif- epidodendron..2.. 505-3. soos Jace ees kena 304 
NOUS Olean ete ee se erste ieee eee ne ea ates xo 429 | Lepidopsetta bilineata..........-..-.-..---.- 547 
ilyocrimusmectiperatuss: 3.2 22S Saeesece 47 mochipareil-.sacosd- cw = Lense cs 547 
LENO a> CES oncpeces cere scceersoeeee 163 | Lepidotrigla kishinouyi...............---.--- 543 
Insects of the order Strepsiptera, with de- Me PlOPOMUSs ee see pacies= Sa ee = eee ae 372 
Schiptionsiol new Species. ......1.4sce5-----5- 487 4 Wepomis: <<... 4. ors ntes ee 369, 372,373,374, 375 
Pantin Oeste focaccia nc cs ceeeeeceeeneees 634 SUIDULUSpeeea eee eee eee eee eeeee 370 
Rotel aiela bra oe secon ese ceeseeaetecsece~ 634 BUTIGUS ates ceases oe Tee 371 
SPOCIOSAH = 222 nase ccc dasamsa sseeeesctrs 634 cyanellus ss se se) arcsec eee 371 
SPINOSA)s duc s- S2isacsscascseseae seta nse 634 @DTYOLUS = 2 scisc2 oto eee eee 369,371 
HOWIUS Saaepes a eas sa csen. ose ew ae eeesie 457,458, 471 gibbosUs.02 22.2. 26oche eee se 370,372 
RPM MINICISVISH S445 3560's 455, 458, 459, 460, 461 PUNT 5 Se. acem en sce ne eee ee 370 
LODIGUS Es Seecacsasase ieee eatacees ones 78 Merose see ake ee an eee 370, 371 
OMME MUSE a sens wsees sedate ese Seas 460 Holbroolki.: 2 ssc cae eee ee 369,371 
PIA bAMUSeescene mesa nee eRe eae 459, 460 mer alovisesee ccea eee eee 371, 374 
RMOIMAS OTs ers Pas Bite cians Sas casa te 78 NoOpes OMMiHe wens S45 --eeee sacs 369 
(Iphiaulax) Cyanopterus clypeolus.......... 47 pallidus! S322 =-- see eeee eee 370,373, 374 
Tridometrase jceckwaisa\- ee cisateheae saceiooess 6 PEN AK ss cece enseea eo eaeeeeeeess 374 
PEDIV |) tae -fersate stabi ae se cee aie 5,9,42 | Leptodemas cariniscutis..........-...-.-.--- 194 
MAUL GIAT Bers <tavers la eteree rere eie sia 8540 | Weptometra celtica.........--2---------- 7,9, 43, 44 
MAMAS aden see wacie teas Steet ees 41,42 phalangium=eeees eee eeeeeer 7,9,44 
PALVICIEEA! tea. soe eschietwos esc 42 | Leptonemaster venustus........--.---------- 17 
Ischnochiton limaciformis................--- 2970 | Mee DLOSLLO bUSe ene een meee eee eee eter 313 
(Stenoplax) bermudensis...-... 287 HONgTTOUS sen eo eee eee 315 
Tsopod crustacean of the family Idotheide, Limnerium (Campoletis) prodeniw..-.....-- 190 
descriptions of a new genus and species of.. 169 | Lindenius...............-------------------- 562 
PS Gpiaawey 2 La ee eee nc ciecebee ase Menees Tee 193 (Enoplolindenius) clypeatus....-- 562 
Micore Lae er aime rctacta a sonic ares stein aarclersye.eye sia.e 6330) lnirobittiwms sees seers eee ate eeeeeeaee ee 384 
ALIS bat cere ciocn cts see on eke emeincis sien 634 SS PeLUM.. ee oe eee eee 385 
Janiride from the northwest Pacific, descrip- LOIMAeCNSE eee ase eee 385 
tions of a new genus and species of......... 633 catalinense:sssss2-> saeco eae 385 
Japan. descriptions of new genera and species inornatum: = .--5----- 385 
OMS MEG UITOMM seen rae lel efaie late leleva a= ere si<1=10 525 GerralVoOGnSse =< <.5 5-5-2 = seem 385 
TREO SS A ee a ee ee 148 LA TeL OSS seme eee eae 385 
Tiaindkmiveliy as San gd Fe ee ee ee eee eee tr = 527 Jarum......--.------------2-n--< 385 
MAP LON AS. <Aemocs ce setecs ceebes eee 527 munitum.........-----------<-- 385 
METI PSLUESE Aces ne wic ba scer occ neeisie tee sislos 294 munitoide..........-- 385 
pacers ss 35s Meee ena a ee 301 Ona bissiaies see eer eee eee 385 
sternbergianus..........-..------ 903 iiGhOSOM A= se seen eee eee eee eeeee eee eee 422 
Kendall, W. C., Notes upon two rare flat- actinometra sa... settee eee 422 
fishes (Gymnachirus fasciatus Giinther and Lithurgis apicalis opuntie........----------- 251 
GANTIGUS PRD) Perey Secriciree newoisisrss a 201 | Loligo opalescens........--.----------------- 591 
Kerivoula bombifrons...........----.- 134,135,136 | Loxocephalus...........-.--------------+--- 180 


664 INDEX. 

Page Page, 

Eratra/ cineres..e2)o ce escet men oetcer ieee 119 | Merrill, George P., On the supposed origin of 

LOWES SRP ee ESE ee ae eee ee 118 the moldavites and like sporadic glasses 
TeV. CONINA tra PICALSe rons pte herpes aes Ans 195 FLOM! VATIOUS| SOURCES: =\=4))-- eee eee eee 481 
DiGi asters sce ence eee elon eee icici: 422 | Mesochorus areolatus...........-.....------ 192 
Lyon, Marcus Ward, jr., Mammals collected Infernalis: -): -cc<5se/ Bee eee eee 192 
by Dr. W. L. Abbott on Borneo and some migrisignus! seco) scenee eee 192 
of the small adjacent islands............... 53 patwlusse nd). ao eee ees 192 
iyonusiabeanarss. ye fis. eA. os ee ee 288 SCLEWIUSS 22 cascce eee ere ene 192 

MTOR eee ee soso etek Oo eee aoe 582 | Metal work of the Philip Abyssinian collec- 
Macacasiasciculamiss Seo ke eae. oe eae eee 137 tion) description coffee oeh ee eee eee 266 
Mem cstrin a sees ye seeeisee mee eee 136))|) Metaxia! conVexa .\5.\- 26 eee ae ee ee 327 

Macacus cymomoleusec ssc -o see eeeane 59,60 | Mexico, new genera and species of millipeds 
Maromlanmit chellienee esa sacks asec aseceeer 288 FLOM et Bae SON ela NE Zee nee 147 
Macrocallistaamacnlata ss sees. ase see ee eee 288) |) Micrenperonicau datum So eeeeeer =e eee 429 
Macrocentrus (Amicroplus) crambivorus....- 183) | Miucrobraconfulvipesc i: soe - = eee eee 184 
IMACHOCETA Seer ce-siinace ce seeacennt ean rene 258 howardtss.-o-.o-eeneeoeeeeen 183, 184 
Macrochindotedascn.=-soscseccci eee eetee ee 169 | Microlepidoptera from South America....... 205 
Macroxus rufogaster, var. borneensis.......-. 92. | /Microphisiextenstiss2-- .2--.45--eee eee 525 
Mammals collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on pleurotenias.-- 24-6: - sess eee 525 
Borneo and adjacent islands. .............. 5311) Microplitisicineius. "cs o-2e-ee- eee eee 185 
METIS Eee psraee eta sit ics Ase eae He oy ea UE ee 61 melanie eo se cele eee eee 185, 193 
TPR ita Na (02 hp era hee Neg eae Rn ae 63) || Microprotusicsecusiie- 2:6) sae ee ese 635 
Marilaunidium origanifolium................ 256) || Microsorexthoydin=* 2554554. e cee 381 
Marrubium-vulgare.............-.- 248, 253,254,255 Winnemana sc. 2 sons aes 377 
Maryland and Virginia, gymnospermous Milliped, the hothouse, as a new genus....--- 625 

plants from the Potomac group in......... 289 |* Millipeds, new genera and species from Texas, 
MATSUpILES x nceicssciieee eee 649, 650, 651, 652, 653 Arizona, Mexico,and Costa Rica. 147 

The systematic position of the new tropical, of the order Mero- 
CRIMOTU PERISH sae eee 649 chetas=% 32... $e sess see eee eee 451 
IMAstigOmMetracse ea ceetieesacmet ene ee ee LO |) Millis ikorschumeaemee eae) see see 647 
IMPAS TUS 5s aoe rece oe il ee 195 MelANObis.it hee oes See 647 
Megec hil eet isis te iar easel ib el anise I fs 262 TAU WUS 5 oh es ats 5 ct Sates ee 647 
SI Piarsishs koa eer ee 954) |) Miscophinus migniceps’ <---- 52 5-4--eeeeeeee 587 
circumcinetias.-- 4455-2 eee 251 Le@XaMUS eye --ee = eee 587 
COMALA Mt a 4 een 954) Mitra (cheloniac.j2\<.3co5- 3624-6 ace eee 287 
dentiventniss-sss-)55 4-5 sen ees 252 hanleyi.t2-Aseosstskecc psec eee eee 287 
ChIiCAbOTUTR 4 ee ee 951 haycockais ian 32 32 eee = eee 277, 287 
heterodontassce.. ee 954) ||| Mitromorpha biplicata--- 322. ....--eeseeeeee 287 
TAT TTC S727—, See aes te OU a 953) ||) MAGS ust <a eke 2 cr ce), oe 245 
MAGACENSIS 5. cans! bo eee ee ee 252)253) ||| Moiraster. <<... j7-ctc ee eee eee ee 419, 420 
MEP ARMA Ae ee eee eae 253 | Moldavites, on the supposed origin of the.... 481 

AMITENSiS: 2c= Sa eee eee 251 | Mollusks, of the genus Aclis, from the North 
Diliventris ss c1hsan aja c eee 252 Atlantic... s22acek see eee eee 435 

pollicaris pereximia............... 253 recent and fossil, of the genus Bit- 

PUUIMAss- S2ss eee eee ate nece as 254 tium, from the west coast of 
TUPSHIUENSISs aoe hae ae 253 AIMEPICS. ids set Re ees aeee 383 

SQVdee eee mech see Reema eines sooee 254 recent and fossil, of the genus Ceri- 

iheterod onitait as-eeeene eee 254 thiopsis, from the west coast of 
paludicolacnec---5- seme 254 JAM CYICH ces Jetcios See eee 327 
Vallonmin ss se 5 eee hee eat 253, |) Monarda citriodorasass- = 2-5-5. eee 253, 255, 256 

Mepadermarcn. aecissesec cas ceemes eceles eee 62 | Moodie, Roy L., Two amphibians, one of 
CarMate J. 5a oe eee one 128 them new, from the carboniferous of Illinois. 429 

Spasmacne- pense SSE er eee os 128 | Moths, tineoid, from South America, descrip- 
Carima tee sss ee ee 128 TIONS Of. |. 25:2 coh ane Geet Ae eee eee 205 
PEO epee eee 128,186 | Muntiacus pleiharicus2- 2-25.22 2252-52222 71, 72,73 
Megarhyssagreenel)..)322205 - Woden ee eke 191 TUUDIGUS 5 jas jects «aye 5a ee 73, 74 
WUT ALON ais cco A eee eee 191) |) Mis: canims tee 232222 Se eeiee nee eee sees 108 
Melians: allbilinea 2p eee me eee eee 185, 193 ephilp plum ij erone enncee sos nee eee 98 
Melina Jamarckiana.- 55... 42teese cote ees 288 lingensiS: ..-32<2s52c8ssssteeeaeeseeeee 59 
MeMISOGES A aaa ne eee eee acinar meee ean aus 257 Maas 2/1). 2h he Sake Sk eee 107 
IMGU PCA Se tosh ne ae ee ee eee Se eee 491 Tatts sa15 tox ews ie eee = Eee 59 
Men penile testes. oss sec nee ooo ee eee 491 sabanus).286Jnc ls one acces eee 104 
chobantile sone eecr eaeeeee ee 491, 492 SOQUWGUS S02 ese ae ee ee 108 
MOMESEDO iS Senne eK acdeaicrs wee a se Se ae 435 whiteheadic S. 32 .uecast ese 106, 107 
Merocheta, new tropical millipedsoftheorder 451 ! Muscites...................0.20.ececee-eeeee- 293 


INDEX. 6 6 5 
Page Page. 
Muscites| imibricatusiss..<-.sssee-2 seo re 291 | Odynerus (Leionotus) fundatus..........- 500, 506 
Stermbergianus or mace eo -seee ei e 293 pedestris. 2/2222 eeeee 507 
RiOVAt Ss one ceumnaascemcododocdor Be 301 burpiseeh sss ee 507 
Mustela flavigula henricii.............-.-...-- uD} \Olethreutesizerdayje- emcee ele ee ee see 227 
MeNTICH Meneses ene ae TO 0M MOlMsOMetra cess 4 a6 ee aA eo eee 6 
(Mantes) henricit®..—- ec eeeemece ase 119 SECU PITT eee ee eee 8, 13, 30, 33 
IGNITE S 3 ot Sse Seosenossecanasdaan 119 var. occidentalis... __. 33 
Mey Otis CAnlmMatee =< <i2/20- 4 5--5-5 eset HSS PSO ty Onychelus-seeeass- ses osese45e 150, 153, 157, 160, 162 
MUTI COS. sos 5a- sass seceneseeee ee 134, 136 dentatus. 26.4255-- acu eoeeee 158, 159, 160 
Myoxocephalus brandti..........-..-.-.:--- 538 NOSPeSijce Asss ews ew ce eS 157, 158 
Stellertives: 5. cesses cee 538 ODUSUUSeeesaec een aes 153, 157, 158, 159 
VeSOCMSIS'. 222 ob Hee eeee 538 SUPUTALUSR 2 seo. sok hw tocar es eles 159 
Miyrmecolax nietneri...... <a .-cskoaee8 490,492 | Ophthalmochlus auripedis................ 503, 507 
MV ZOSEOMIAN AE). Wo celse cewiers oe a sacee eet eac wens Ze OxrdntEpianiniserelaesejs staves een ate eens snes 228 
INE PCIODSIS oe:2 asec nis na aici n ae eceeine de 289,208) |) Orsilusiashmeadijacs: ssnesee toss sense 477 
INSTIOSCLUTUIS! cee cnee hme tence ee eciaey cel. 60 | Ornaments belonging to the Philip Abyssin- 
OLN CAMUS Sc reyises Seiscies eielaias « 97 ian collection, description of..............- 273 
(Sa SIA es eae, ek, ie ae O7F WOnthomorphaseen-acscaceenss ce enc sae eee eee 626 
INarcine brasiliensis. /.........-.-2.<cese-<-< 231, 232 ATCAtA Ce eee ee ree 627 
INSSSIISARVAGUS so iccicce sco acces Sse obaemle 62,141 BIMAtUS IAS 2. 2 Seems Joes 627, 628 
IN PUEC eS Mace nama oe aoe cee cece ot se ss Mee RSS 211 Dlain ville ieee es sae eee 626 
Nemlastenilineata . 2 .2..c.ns-2shesestace sess = 2 GLIChSOniim ese sees 627, 628 
Nemiptertis pathy bius-.-.-.---s-s.--5------ 532 HaAVviCOris 5.2 -eeeeen ee one 627 
J ADONICUS Ss. Aes acinomae set 532 PTACIIS. 32s sia ee Me ee eae 626 
ANE OCOIN Lela eye cree i= a cieececlerccisis <q 9 WU GTI canto oe Sec oe 627 
Weosorexalbibarbis: -.-cs-¢< <sccee eee = aster 377 MitidUSe. s.a55.~sjeeaeee pee 627 
UNGOLIS Cailnaa tacaee ea </sc ca seco eeeee 637, 641 palicaudatus sass ss sees eee 627, 628 
iNeotomaralbicula |= <c-<c.2- 5 ---cce s <a ene cee 157 DOCOGKAS eke cies seer nee eee 627 
INICLETISHAVANICUS. <2 <c2-se2 sean cece sees 131 GriPaMUS =o. «cess eee 627 
MPINTINONIQ Messen = = oe teeta cack sareccet eee cine 289 | Osmia subfasciata........... Nach ae ees eee 255 
MILCODSISMes see e ae eee eee ose cee 586. || Ostracioniconcatenatus)... 2.2. sesso neeene 535 
INOMIA AUTELPCNMIS 5 <)c- << so ceee se cscs e oni 245 PIDDOSUSSsSssceascee nase beste eee 536 
chalybeatais:--sshe25 eee osaceete setae 245y i Ouisitardarcsass 222. team eet Lene eee 646 
Clio til nose =. Skeet aeenecceere AD hil ORI CUS syeretyacte see poss sees eemce ee meee eee 628 
punctulatas-.------2._- Bin dee ee eee 245) |) Pachylometra sclateris.s..-2s-2224-seeeeees 5, 8, 38 
ERUNN At Agee aot ccas eee eee ee one one 245))|| bachysoma brachyotis= =-cses +. sees eee 127 
North Carolina and Virginia, the relation of Pacific, A new genus and species of Janiridze 
bornite and chalcocite in the copper ores of fromthe morthweSstsccess22525--s eee 633 
theyvanpilina districtiot. . 2 26-<..- asc. <2 513 | Pacific, notices of some new cephalopods 
Nei OcOnIa Clana eme ee ssc0e eee ce ecia cee 584 from Chess se ase se eee ieee ee eels seine ees 589 
BRUNCH bass aes oe ace ase eee. 5eAG |e Be TUS SDA CTS ees ee ta: koe em cece Se eee rer 624 
Nomidaypilornynchas...-5-2.2--eessscmens - 646 | Panurginus boylei.......-.:. SER Pap are ss 497, 509 
INVCLeris javanica: (<4... ste ssed-ssnsiee 136) |) Paradesmustese ss... se cettec-ee cise eal eee 626, 627 
AVE CUS es Jee ae aaynnis tere Ses = 131 ERICHSONIS oie state = seweision nice 627 
Nycticebus borneanus...-......-..--:------- 136 KATOMOtUS Ss se eprcistaasisrctacae net 627 - 
MWipUPHASbER <<) cia certee st pe eeitine Sere cre eae oe 423 MAUS (Soran aigarataisstereie slo's sie siete 627 
Oberholser, Harry C. A revision of the forms DiCtete ee Soe Reess ceeee 627 
of the hairy woodpecker (Dryobates villosus Paradoxurus philippinensis..........-- 56, 116, 117 
PUGINN US] ) ic eae ie eclo ees - = Sees emasconcan Ne 595 StICMS ICUS! sonatas eee 116 
Ocynectesimaschalis-\......-.-.0----4-2-2s2- 539 | Parandrena andrenoides..-.......----------- 489 
MMOGESUIS tes aa cee Sae cane esate 539 || Pavrapanteles 2 22-2... 52/2 sets sel tenis seein 476 
NURDRLOIMIA RE Ree ae le. ee ee eee 435) Passaloecus annula tus sss. -eseee soe ee eee 561 
(Chrysallida) nioba...........- 286, 287 melanocrus...- - seosausbeazease 561 
Odynerus (Ancistrocerus) capra.......------ 506 || Pauropus=--.----2- Se beudenouscescossasaacse 148 
clypeatus.. -:.---- 5067 |) ecten Ornatuseesseceee asec eee eo ae seen eer 288 
NiSthiOseeeee nee 5007506). |, beleopodarenellase sence snes eee ieee 209 
histrionalis.... - 501, 506 1ODUGATSIS/ sees setae ere eee 208 
sexcingulati-.....- 507 TMArOnie lay eet ae eee eee 208 
Get Se ecrece =. == 501, 507 motandellar ss secre sees eet 209 
GLVONYS See asec cee eceteescet ess 506 | Pentacrinus (Endoxocrinus) wyville-thom- 
MOTATNITA HUSH eee c es <min ese 499 SOD teen e oa ee ete 45 
(Leionotus) anormis.........--.-- 506 wyville-thomsoni.....-.-...--- 45 
arvensis......------ 499,506 | Pentametrocrinus atlanticus...........----- 9,44 
ittincus=sseess = 4-2 == 506 SP.--+------------+---+--- 9 
foraminatus........-- 506 | Pentapus formosulus.......-.-.---------- f-- ool 
fundatiformis........ 506 microdon......------------------- 531 


666 INDEX. 

Page. Page. 

Pentozoe peradeniya...........-.----- 90455057506: 2) VRIeSia 2 ec). sesie steer ues aera eee eee 552 
Peridontodesmus | ecto ste =< cece see ees 467 |) Pleurobranchus: sp. ind/.os22seeee se eee eee 287 
Hagelattist .2ce. Seca ees 468 '-| Pleurotailiteratellatsss-225-2: ese. =e eeee eee 205 

flazellifers =. ssscoeaesecee 440\ |) Pleurotropis:telenomit.2.2ec2sue eee eee oes 445 

PUNtliCUS = eee == AYO") Biintthasters 222 3:5... Jassoiicaes eee 420, 423 

TPGINISUELOIPE Gs ese enced = eeeoec = oseesgs5scoeue 180") Plamana piperatella:---2ss-sesseeeseeeeeee 229, 230 
Perometra altar ices csscstenee sess cscsees ees 8/434) Plamatellals...-oa.2a tne 594 
Cob ie0tc(0 (Chee ate eee pees soccdc 43 || Podium Carolina: >. «5222-45 -0222 eee enone 556 

PUSH aS leeks et cee ee eee late. l 43 TUM POSsss52sccrsson ses eee 556 

Philip, Hoffman, The Abyssinian ethnological PU OCAEPUSS os<1:2 52s esate ae 298 
collection gathered by -...-----222--s-e-- 5-- 260; |) Pod ocid aris? .5=.c2s64.eo eee ee 651 
Philippine Islands, new genera of starfishes Bododesmusitudis: 24... 2 eee 228 
from =<. 2 22----- == 22 415). |) Podothecusistunioides.. 5.22 2-Ja00 see eee 541 

three new fishes of the KyStes: 2s 65 sses Soe 541 

family Cheetodontide POSTS ee ats ee 497 
from......------------ 319 aurifers ss: 232-2 ese 498, 507 

iPhobocampe crassiusculacsmeseese- se ceee a 480 hebreus occ: = ee ee 507 
Bbygadeuon = 2. -- 22-22-2222. - 222-22 naa 193 MOLTICUSH. Hasso eee 487, 489, 507 
(Bathymetis) patulus........-- 193 rubiginosus-...-2sses5.555- eee 507 

(Daictes) fukaii-..-...........- 194 Vara tuss sens. baa acer 488, 490, 507 

(Mastrus) neodiprioni. -.......- 195 Pblydesmiuse.-c-- eee ee eee 457,626 
Phyllorhina zalerita<-5.-5-8 veesscatescsccne 129 luge ee 627° 
lanvatae jaca deme eee re ccc 128 Pictetlsaas seco ee 628 
icoidesiaimernicantus:2.-55- 0 Sie eee ee 617 Polylepis-. 24 sos0- 525). ee 627 
ICUS At GU DONA es ne ee oe eee eee 599, 600 Poly potdSese:sdssc )ss-cccd seed ee 559 
canadensis .....---.---.------------- 598,600 | Polypus californicus............-.----------- 590 
Cuvieri..--.-----------+-- +2202 22222 604 leioderman ccs. oco565sce eee 590 
harrisi....--------------++++++--++-++++ GIS |> Pelystenidean..-c.05-0-ceccseos- eee 186 
tnswlanises oe Jb. sacs. cee esa eeee 603 metacomet:. <2... eee 187 
jarani esos. Ss thoes eeeees enone 618 pales. idk) Se 186 
Leucomelanus) 2244-5. --ciseeeaeeeties 598, 600 Polystenus 2222.04. Ae 186 

leu Come as items e as eer 598;'G00" |) pith tigi no eae ee 372 
(Leuconotipicus) jardinii.............. 618 pallidus... ist... 371 
martin ae dae ee eee a oa 598, 599 Pongo pygmeus pygmeus..........------ 142,144 
martini Ld PAGAL A Nm aie thir Cpe eS 598, 600 Pontioeeramus =. 52) sss5.cese-es8 see eee 420, 422 
philippst so 2520222 ccnissemebeeeeese 598, 600 grandis... 5... Sane 421 
septentrionalis....-..--.-.-.---------- 604 Porogyhia Ibis. Ses Sek eee 644,645 
villosus.......-- Sh vabdindtabesy a a aca Pe 598, 599 Portheria: disparsi.! 91.5 Soo. eee ee 480 

WAT AO BISN spene- Doe sh rte: ue Potamophilus barbatusts-22 -2>-eessee eee 117,118 

MOEGIMIS: sey ccc asec 598, 600 i 

TMI Of ser teresa cine noainee es 601 Erepiaus ee vue bee Te ey = 

Pierce, W. Dwight, Notes on insects of the Presbytis. . SS RETEST aT Oe Say Gate oe ice ceaeaaata 60 
order Strepsiptera, with descriptions of new Oristata: <--.--- 2-2-2. 2208S R see 58, 140 
BBCCIER Ee anna aie ad Meares SAR AD ame 437 | Priocnemis idoneus................---------- 556 
PM pPla MS bl SALOM on ae sete oleae siete = ele iseraateicl= 480 subconicus..-.-.---..-.-2-.....- 596 
(Pimpla) disparis’../7 2222-0. eo 480 subopacus........----------+---- 556 
porthetrias.. Peete ee 480 | Proanthidium kashgarense.......-..-------- 250 

IPAMITCS esa ae ceo a eee ete ots cele 312,317 oblongattm:. - 2 Sees 251 
SOMMSTS 5055s aa enn Bere aectisie ae mien 3137315: || Prodeniavomithoralli: 2220252522 ee eee 191 

PAMUS Seo sate sal Ae Oe See a eee eae 289,315 | Protapanteles..25--220320.5252s5se eee 187, 188 
POLELSENIs 522 f3s Side oe ous Soca eee 315) | Psathyrometra:.:!25.2-2-5-2--pseseeee eee 10,14 
SChistacs Woo tsa cia deaecece eee 316 | Pseudanthias venator.: .>----22l-eeeeees eee 529 
Seedrolesece jac seas ae eee naar 316) |p eseudapantelesvesescesseen es saeeee eee 188 
SUDMANPINgi ans. ce ee eee Ce eeeee eee 312 annuliecomist-255-.eee eee 177 
SVEIMONOENSISH See we ee poe ceeiacteats 316,317 | Pseudomasaris coquilletti.............------- 555 
Pisoniconformis: = 2222s. <2 ceass ss 2csdettacceee 570 edwardsil: .:,22 2 ..sc2eee ames 555 
CTESSONU Nike oc as acecin was cee eerios 570 | Pseudomelecta interrupta.......---.-------- 246 
Riphecus ba weanuses-o-2-2p on seceeseeee cl 137,138 | Pseudopanurgus labrosiformis.........-..--- 509 
DEOCAL eiec ee cac see meeeeaeeneceaeee 137 Yabrosusss4:-./2-s-eeeeeee 497, 509 
GanMathe 25.25 dje.c eles wiatcine seers 137,138 rudbeckize....... 489, 497, 509, 510 

CUDIGUS S2 fs- sci tectcu seccmee cose 137, 138 SOMGSRPMIS. sem aese eee eee 510 
AMANO LOW aniS sees secs eee Ceene ee 137,138) || PSBUdOXONOSE A Stace socee nee cease 498 
MemestrinuUs sss. so-so Nase cen ese 136, 138 arVensidis: Avasce. sense seen eere 499, 506 

Plants, gymnospermous, from the Potomac Orynnidis'’s<ss.2s2sceseeceees 499, 506 
group in Maryland and Virginia..........- 289 foraminatic..2--..2 2.025 see 499, 506 
Platyinivs @moenus.. 2)..52.0 see emcee nabs 530 fundativee es: apace 500, 506 
macrophthalmiss. sees eeeeeeeoee 530 HistwHoaish went see ce seen 500, 506 
Blatyspathids = sscceses ses sace eee ee ceeee ae 185 pedestridiste e253: .2cs <td 500, 507 
Pictipenniss-62e-2-eeesee ee 185 TODEYtSONI Fase ces cine 501, 506 


INDEX. 


Page 

SCUdOKENOS UETIGISE,--1-<j0c-.-\ns= sess ss == - 501, 507 
Psoricoptera apicepuncta.................--- 206 
Pherangd rena AStelSserc «sae acccececcicccs sce 493 
BOLIGA SINS ssereissecac cheeses ccs 493 

Pterochilus diversicolor.............-.--.--- 554 
flavobalteatus)..-...5...-:-....-- 553 

ligtb tore seb Seka Ree ono monoeenee 554 
ibercolliseaeniseecescee ee a 554 
morrisoni..... Bere areas Bane ee 553 

BENECONISS oe oe secon eco 553 

BLCLO DUN see caste tee aioe sacicsias Felaee cee ee 61 
BPECIOSUST soe. oe ais.n's anita sees = 52) 127,128 

WATT YTUS ccs <1 Sye.< cine sie Se eeieeiciels 127 

ISUCOMNS MUGIPCSS 22a oc as se ccce ce oscne cae 119 
yPabhinex chrysomielas.--.2-..--2s..-c.--2- 140 
COLIS DRUGS ears coon os<.cec Oasis 140, 141 

MNOMGA LAR seer ota see Re ee See 140,141 

rubicunda carimate............ 138, 139 

TEMUGHose anosces oe cee 138, 139 

rubicunda....... 138, 139, 140 

NUDIGaee eee ees 138, 139, 140 


Radcliffe, JT ewis, and Hugh M. Smith, De- 
scriptions of three new fishes of the family 
Cheetodontide from the Philippine Islands. 319 

Ransom, Brayton Howard, A new cestode 


from-an’ Airican bustard.::..------.----.5- 637 
NUT ALAM CHSI Ss = eco cca - sce eee cine see 94 
COLMUTHNA Laser crs leeno ie eitineecesce 93, 94, 96 
ephippitimes<--.-s.cce5- 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97 
baramernsisic. sp) 93 
STISCIGONIS® saiccasec + ace ease eo eoce =e 94, 96 
RANGAKANCHSISe eee asee eee cee eee ae 94 
Wilitatamtmcinc seotcssceoseecncee 94, 95, 96, 97 
Wittt bless enicaijacnc sacsececeecce 95, 96, 97 
Ray, an electric, and its young from the west 
GOASTHOIMNOTIO Ake ee noc aciecee sacs ee 231 
Religion, description of objects pertaining to, 
in the Philip Abyssinian collection ........ 274 
eH ACUI erent cice incon joc e eethie new cseetene 634 
Evliearainieri cana Jace acnss ease ees aceees cues 647 
PEUTINTO CEICUIGMs Say at levees ee eee iene < cele 162 
UMIMOLOP MUS: saeeeee coe ceseretce ec ce eee 60 
STN SER e oS aeeee noes 131, 132 
IDODNEECNSIS ssc as eres 132 
Spader eee ces cas 131 
trifoliatuss2- 2-223-225-2325. 131, 132 
ESHITZOCHINUS Sc sierra ees eee ecinsia scenic se 51 
CHUTES San as se ae 5,9, 47 
loffotensiseren soa oe nee s aees 3,50 
Paliaitineens = see seeee soso sss 7,9, 47 
PAW SOW ere eyare ais ae ie eens! =e 50 
GOs sacspasheara Soden secoecnecas 50 
EWG DeLee cee sate cticte nists eictsroeisere 5 
Rhopalum: angulicolle: -:.-....-----.-------- 566 


Richardson, Harriet, Description of a new 
species of AZga from 
the Atlantic coast of 
the United States.... 623 

Descriptions of a new 
genus and species of 
isopod crustacean of 
the family Idotheidz 
from the mouth of the 
Rio de la Plata, Ar- 
gentina, South Amer- 


667 


Page. 

Richardson, Harriet, Descriptions of a new 
genus and species of Janiride from the 
Northwest Bacitic:...cessscsee.c.secaeecee 633 

Rio de la Plata, Argentina, South America, 
isopod crustacean from the mouth ofthe... 169 


IRISSOR: CALIDA ete sate ete cee ce aa een 287 
IMMbOTIOSS Ae eae eA -ey  o Ree 384, 401 
ESISSOIN a IMteLIOSsaamee = eee ee eee eee econ 401 
Riu Kiu Islands, new genera and species of 
fishestromithestesceee sean. see eee 525 


Rohwer, 8S. A., Descriptions of new species of 


wasps, with notes on described species... .. 551 
IROSSI@MBCrOSOM ase: one eee eae = eee 591 
DACINCa Nate soca ce cestanctieris inns 591 
FRU BS teres eects eto ats ea seen eae eee 255 
AUG Deck a ySpe csu.cee sso neeee eee eee 254 
USE: brOokels .22-. 2225. ee eee aise eee os 69 
Ug llal Ub SA ere aoe nee as, Wench SEA ee 70 

5 21H si) Yas a Sey eS Sy Se a a PR MRR 625 
Salissbrachy cannes: esse sence eens 507 
DS BLVIA MVUCH ERI Berra meets sein eee ene ee 254 
Sapindopsis........- Sate aeatate le cya eee eS 289 
Pceliphronilestume-eren a see e ee eee ee eee 507 
SGHIStOSIphonies -ceren ee eee eee eee 497 
Seiunus arendsisiaeasose see ae ee eee 87,88, 90 
GTINGlis es Asoo o ss Se eae eee 82 
atricapilluss-e-c- eee ee ee ceen ee eee 80,83 

DONA CEMSIS Sansracleeiees Ae sects eee cere 92 
borneoensis borneoensis...........-- 79,81 
DAlUStEIS sae eaeeeeeesee ee 81 
Canlmatcteenecses oe een ee 81, 82, 83, 84 

Carolin. 2.025% \Aseecer cess bacemeeeaee 80 
eriseleaudateascseacceeseaeeceae 80 

Gatuseaee. oahad Sefiociesisie seeeeenease 86, 90 
dulitensiss.<.4 s4s5-<neiospeeeees 84, 85, 86, 91 

ephip plum tease reeset eect 92 

STOW Ue cS te Seba) guise erste cena 92 
hippurelluse sess see. steele 92 
hippurus!era yee eeesce see eee 92 

JEweR OUR 65 oo codcoceeeacce 85, 86, 90, 91 
lawtensis. 2250. sete: fas scee seen 87 

Towilltee 2, GS Jose seer eeneeeease 91, 92 
mMarinsularisse-ereeraseeeee eee 89,90, 91 

PALVUISS sia ese ce sees 91, 92 
PelapluSiaa2ns-ecc eeet ene steers 82, 83, 84 
POliopustea-.ce= see eee eee 88, 89, 91 
DECVOSUI eens ss ae eee ee eer 80, 81, 82, 83 
Prosenpince see sees see eae ee ee 59, 81,83 

SNP SaUSmeree aoe ee ae see ee ae eee 79, 82 

SCMUGUSEs nase cose eee eee 86 
GITIENSIS - se. sacscie ee we aceioseeacee 87, 88, 90 
VAtbaAbUseeecmecsee 59, 62, 74, 75, 84, 85, 87, 88 
albescens).2)-~,...cckaaakeecer 88 

Gulitensiste see -ceeeeeeeeeee 84, 88 

Seoliaiatra tana ssccc: = a)ase se eee eters eae one 
flavifrons:=..026<-cesesesteeoes sees 552 
Quadniptncta te so. 2 celeritete 552 
Scolopendrella......-..-----2-- 0-522 = an 148 
Seopesiss:2--2-0222-- 2- ce see - ss efor eee 189 
Seytonmotus...- 222-2. 2. -s--- n e en= 470 
Sebastodes: tanaikce isos a oes cts araiai> wie etete ele ieerel i= 536 
Seed'of Pinus? species: 22.5. 222-222 --ce-- == 316 
Semele‘proficua.....-...--.2------------2--" 288 
ermnibiehimleemcteecee vase eels ee aerate 384 
inatill Abba Goo meonecoosooeses 384 


668 INDEX, 
Page Page. 
Semibittium attenuatum.................-.. 388 | Sorex personatus, lesueurii................ 378, 379 
boreales we neeenecce 384 Dlatynbinvste. see ee 378 
latifilosiinee eas ee 384 | South America, descriptions of tineoid moths 
moultifilosum...... 384 MOM ios soac ese ocaime se eee seee eee oaee 205 
TVLCHO IS ere eee cei eens Se Wi AS DAUDIN Sees sss: cee eee See cee RE aoe EE 185 
1a 5) as BS oa a py ne da os4o sphenolepidiumsss. 4.2. e eee eee 289 
(PUT PUTeMIM mes ee estan oe 384 _ dentifoltinme seca cere see 310 
Quadrifilatumy \-2- 32-22 osu 384 Ughbigkhabnodye ese 562 Ss5556 291 
TUPAC UMS erate ee ee ee ose 384 parceramosum.....2..2-522 291 
SuUDplanatimsse eee ae sess eee 384 recurviolUme eee ee ae 
VWANCOUVerense® oo eee as acisicye 384 sternbergianum...... 293, 294, 297 
Semnopithecus chrysomelas.............---. 140 densifolium 293, 297 
ALODGAUUS As enon cece eee 140 WITSINICUMA ss see eee 291 
TUDIGUNG ase ee eee 13su iS phenolepise js. cnc- scan cose eee eee 289, 290, 292 
Senecio cyambalarioides._..--.2 02.22.2222 -- 554 kurriana ..... 291, 292, 293, 296, 297, 303 
DEQUOIBE = ana ee elees ieee ascites 289, 292, 307 sternbergiana ........ 293, 294, 311, 312 
Esha dl] ovkea Oh See oe eye ner 294, 297,310,311 Sternibermiantisy eee eee eee 293 
COUNLESIES 2 yates site tise ie ais iece apn eiemicte 308 | Sphex (Ammophila) pictipennis............. 502 
Gelicaimla sje ers saeec eine sae sone 310 WIIPariS:>- ci Me eee eee 503 
Gensvoliaen st. cereete ee esse a eee nee 308 4. CAMIPESETIS 6s ere on aicne ate oer ee 508 
STACIISUN RASC aac see tae 293,310,311 IMCtUOSA =... a aye ee ee 508 
ANTENNA SS cites acige come estieee tae 308 (Psammophila) luctuosa............- 502 
ae lophylloid coe see 202 | Sphyroncotewenlasss-22-eee ee eee eee eee eee 637 
pectinabarnns -sscieeercs cece ese ces 309 uncinata.. 637, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646 
MEIC HEM DAC hie eee eee ee 308; 309;310>|) ‘Spiro bolellus: jmace eee sees eee ene 163 
longifolia tee cce= aes 308 Tichardsoni ec ceasce see eee 163 
TAU Ft Ee Var ae er ae in 5 tn Oa 309 ||) Spirobolusie---24-- 2 dccs- 4. scene eee 150 
SCINIPEHVATENS ae ence e aeec eee 308 MATES. 3 o82. ioe e ee ee Eee 166 
NPCCIOS es ere ae See meee cr ane 308 MietanUsi-ces cece eee 154, 157 
EWI OWIENE eoesadepcsehioneasoosece 309,310 |) Spizaétus limmacétus) 520222. ens eee eee 125 
washing tonilana 2... 2s. s.0 sce secee 308 | Sponges, fresh-water, in the collection of the 
WOOMWANGI sje oe ct aoe eee 309 U.S. National. Museum:........=..---+--- 593 
Besamiantsca sean neces en cee aa 183) SpongillawertmMosase ees —ee eee eee 593 
SexrAva Mule shee ees seen aces een 504,505 | Stanton, Timothy W., Final supplement to 
Shells, new species of, from Bermuda....... 277 the catalogue of the published writings of 
Shrews, long-tailed, of the eastern United Charles Abiathar White, 1897-1908 ........ 197 
States, description of a new species. ...... 377 | Starfishes, new genera of, from the Philippine 
Siderlasterisss aso scons se see Hee ae Se 417,419 TISISIVASS es eas Sk aie Sect io ack 415 
HICKO A AMPIPUA Nos acces ons sees eee emece soe 5514'|) 'Stelisieostalis-ecae eee] eee eee 247 
Sierolomorphay. sass ee ee oe ea ce eee Ee 551 Nomis ses 2c se eee see eee 247 
SUE TO se ate AS Fae aye nee ee an we lees ene H8);,080) lp Shenomaiacronitis.\1. ose ee eee eee 213, 214 
Ghilensigemyetesscs see eee ee ae eee 587 BACON eo Uys are ee 221, 222 
ATCT ITU ert pe ents eee cen aS bepress 587 aplicalis.s..<2<..5.2. neste see 215 
INERT CATIUS Seite anatase eee ae ee ce 587 binubilacsa.224-he- 5-45 222 
Sims erishataes sos sac ee ciaseeoaee 140 COMM G 1M LC oe ae ee a 218 
MLEMMES TIMI A: See eal ere anne ptoere 136 CLOCUtAs 3.3 Ge Se )sacicn pee eeeae eee 222 
ON AION STE) Se oes eee ree aE NL Za 144 emMass eis. welesece nn cee eee 223 
BALE LOM sects oo sncieeawisee nice ae cme mee ates 650 Gisjecta ace) see ws eee ee 217 
Sircneee eee eae eee at Be Pe eeaE Saunier 650 Cleans... -)(. o)<j008 eee Cee eee 220 
Smith, Hugh M., and Lewis Radcliffe, De- fasciatus. <2 <2 <2 5-542 cee eee 217 
scriptions of three new fishes of the family fraterna:22 06 a -cancc cca eee eee 222 
Cheetodontide from the Philippine Islands. 319 fratemellas. a2 5s0d- 32+ et eee ee 212, 220 
Snyder, John Otterbein, Descriptions of new wenetta chaste Lue. CA ees 222 
genera and species of fishes from Japan and gunn 253.2208. 8 ose eee 218 
Shere uuislands sees eee eee eee 525 amon. 20 2ecscacelo cS eee ee eee 223 
Solarinmirkrepsl sete ae ee eee 287 shorbonybhaVelbbade een seen meee Sacto as 220 
POOLS TULIP OH Ri 2 UE A ek ere 563 iTiscitiml): 225.2 s see coe eee 219 
Halercilanve we s+ pry wid) vee pee epee 585, 586 LO ee jes cease Chek eee eee 213 
BOTESAACAGICUS Sarasa ete to ee ee eee 381 aCtiss o<} ssa seca seoe ee ose ee 216 
fimapTipes he cee ee ee eae OOO RO ood: 1OXOSTAMMOS! assesses eee 217 
FISH OETA eee Ar ate 377, 380 lOXOCOM Sack case eee ee eee 212, 220 
Comb INEM ISS era. ro atepaiee oracle oO eee 378 W1.8] OM a2) We aoe nant we ee ee ese eee 212 
PUM CUS Ss ee aetsf aoe ao eee eis 377, 380, 381 TM ATOD os ayes etecist ies el atte eis cis eo gee 220 
Jonpinostniss-m-12s sess csseesee 377, 378, 379, 380 MCN COLON. see Wes eet. es 214 
MOACKURUS esc se seen aces tener eee 381 MIOST CS see et Stes Saeco 214 
Personatus.... <2... 00055 377, 378, 379, 380, 381 PHOS DOs secs oaseectaciisetcie tines 222 


————— 


INDEX. 669 

Page Page. 

Stenoma renselariana.-..--..-.-----s.<.---s ale bachysphnexilecnsisseasc sone aseck cs enracemsce 578 

SQlOMG Ne serosa et escseisG ect e ce 219 MAUTUSS ese siecle e oce be ceetaas 573 

SIMMS weceeeccscbccaee onset cee es 222 IMOMLANUSE Ree | cone ccarec tees 575 

SPOra CUM Secwecee sees cetsct easier ae 219 AMUN US wore temas rensaers Saeee 574,579 

BROGISLESH Re eeis - coc cece sce aan cera 220 NeOMeXIGANUS ees = oe eee ee eee 57 

PLASDICES Hest alt yas sie see Cmerlnatsohiei 215 TIPTION cece ae toca Me seeeeees 57 

WEADISE tose tat ie oe ote emt Se 221 OPWANUS aarecwec a ceenies coer eee 57% 

NAVD) RVD 60 ea a ei SRE ie 217 Pauxilluss. Se se ses ssee eee e ee 5 ae 

LENO PlOUPAh wf ss 2 eve ct se oss a, scicieisn.e 187 MUNCtiTOnSss ee seeseese eee eee eee 577 

Stephanometra indica..................- 6, 8, 13, 26 punctulatus. 52. .0 2222. 578, 579, 588 

TOTEM AA ese ce = cee 5,9, 14, 26 SCMUNUTUS eee eee eee ee 572, 588 

DSulboscopus thoracicuss..--5 - 54. 05--6-.--=-- 193 SPHECOMOIGES Saar a. eee eee eee 578 

Stichotrema dallatorreanum..........- 503, 504, 505 1iG2)) ts eb ks eae, ine oe 579, 580 

Stictodesmus Crepelteier oa. 2-4) sells ere seis <== 461 TONUIPUNCTUS asec eens eee 577 

Bplemustamenicanusee tse. oe ec ceee << ots 557 wihteeleris 05 sree eee 579, 580 

UPHAM WET GAM eric acc cities e soe ceie' 508) | DAGhy LOS Sa ccisce ecclesia aon comet acter einer yes 504 

CONOSTOROLUDIE Ss 22) eee cscjsic ce = iss ee 557 CHiYSOCERCUSS neta ce eee 575, 579 

PLALCINUSHEe ee eee aes scot 558, 559 ViICINUS ssc cctaanee se dee soe ee 581, 582 

eoloradensis:--42-..-+-+.-- 559 xenoferus.......... SiS sseenee 502, 508, 58% 

TilvAPeS2 cts sees aes eee eee seas dog) ||| Tachytixenos indicus*-----+---2------- 501, 502, 508 

Var: coquilletti=---.-----.-- S00 > |- Reenio penis. Aeee sc See ccne seeds esses aaa 289 

IMOLGINATUS Ss ote - eee se cee sence ee 559 | Tanaostigmodes howardi.................--- 442 

hubbardimess-e-------- 559 slosSOnd32 sc cawscceteeeene 442, 

Strepsiptera, with descriptions ofnew species. 487 tOtartus' ccc ceeseceeces Se 442, 443 

Stibichtthen epee eaGaneroeOsGResmascaanoe aaa 384 CY CRI sassoecaise coe aes 442 

Biylodesmust: 2o.c2scecessco- ce sees ce aes 4647) Darsius POMMeanussecce sass ces ceca eo aceceale 136 

Sy OP Seana a saci nate oe soe ee iatie aeicicis 492 LATSIOL>. c.se chien oe ecinecec sass ee 136 

ANGrenOld essere eee seein ase 493; SOS Ma mitesss saat suc ceeesecic dames ee seer eee 298, 300 

ASTETIGISH Ss se saacisens noses ee 493,494,508 | Taxodium (Glyptostrobus) brookense....... 302 
Ghildroenipeseeen eae ce ease seecce 508 angus- 
Clayton eee cece seek cere e os 494, 509 tifo- 

WICTOCKA SS ae cite eeie wlnin nies 509 lium. 302 

PL eoMICH OTN. ee oer is ses elalorini 493 denticulatum.... 291 

Fie Gl ONG OLISIS ate, ste = synte ia) iotcineicictae 494, 509 expansum...-. 291, 297 

AmitatriEse see sal fle cs ese sees stes 494 fastigiatum...... 292 

Mandi wlaniss se .\-1j- sewec cet = ete ae 494, 509 TamMoOsuime= 222-52 302 

MUTGUPLCATHS Sa.ac- awe see Fee sesle 493 | Telenomus benefactor.........-..-..-------- 439 

ASOD seers ee Senet le biela\seiacicie ae 509 LOWOeyieeere se eeeeee esses sere 441, 445 

FNL SE ey ree rere ae ce a Siar feicisni 495, 509 Kineives eae heeessccesacceeeeesees 446 

MUlMeCIss seesaw scree wie wie sie 495009) |S Melipomiseeess scams Saat eeace ccs seine 372 

SOU GS sare tarde eee se eee sece ses 493 | Tentametrocrinus atlanticus.............--..- ri 

SPALSLPU OSE eyes sees oieisiaissois AG3s ||| Methyasteryace- sac. coe-ciasec ee mic ceeioe 417, 419 

Subean idee s cestiesiaek - escc see ac 493 Subinermis:sonsssssccen see sascece 418 

SWiOM Kile a ae teey es ers Bearer cteecrseeia sine 493 | Tetragonotheca ludoviciana..............--- 254 

SWAG LIL OS opye terctntaleteraiero bye Hhaaicaieieiciwivicwin sisi 493,12 Rotralomiajchinensisecq- asen-eeceeeee ees 258, 258 

Styphlodora bascaniensis.....2-50.-..--....- 238 floralides. 5 jnssecietosiacc ee eeesene 258 

SOLMG AM ape = )atste) astereat\aracatercicrerete 236, 253 JAPONICA. 2h cz aaeeeeseeca nee 259 

BUSH au DAU S cemeteries tt eeiste ais ainiarae < 62, 74 MItSUUTile seco cee ses see cele cine 257 

UN AUDA ee em retaleielatets = .steinieiels si== cle 54, 56, 62, 75 NipPPONCMSISe asses eeeeeeee sae 258, 259 

PUGS lee eeettatnet fs ete ae aterelarersicier 448 ORIN Wie te nosed ere eeeeenee 259 

AR DAMNUIS SCA DAT ee set (ee ta ii ele lacie ies 440") “Netraneuris Jineariioliae 2 s-cce-- se 2 ee 254 

USS O) Bree Re eee ee neces 440 } Tetraonarce occidentalis........-..--.------- 231 

Icingisssee eee. LR Ree ake eT 4490 | Tetrastichus antiguensis.............-------- 447 

Tachysphex amplus............----------- 570, 572 OVIVOTUS...--.-.-----++++++2++- 448 

antenNaAbse see eteeet ls aseeee 580 punctifrons......-------------- 438 

argyrotrichus..........-.-.--- B7O) 574 || LOW Ax VeUlA Xiao ~ niece erence sano Ones 

ROR atarlen tk ng oth: 57 Texas, descriptions of new genera and species : 

Gonsimnilice 6.5 te Fs Sepia) Nb ce a aT se 

Coguillattiaes-ss- eee seen ee 572 Pinel ASs CLEA eae e a ok ae 7 

LUSitamicaas sp secs ceeeeeeeer 7,37 

exsectus. PROSE SCO CERI NOs OP REGO. 573 ATU IS PIN see eer 8,38 

fedorensis........-.-.........- 576, 577 GiliSsa ee eee 7,27 

gillettei........-.........-2-2-5- Dien ecurusisumatres. 44. sseeaee eeeeeees seer Us 

Ive Ui GE eee ete eee 570 | Thompsoniella arcuata..........---------- 505, 506 

hitel so-so soe saeeces sboasoes 580 TINT OTACAS UCI arora aa erate aiele tela ea ietatata steteteletata etatatat= Ale 

ENTER eGIUSe soem eee semen eeeeeee Doel MURA ase TAMING? seme ee ee sees ee eee eae 308 

jOHNSONIeeeec sas see eee neee eee 573,574 | Thuites choffati............-.-.-2+---------- 291 


670 INDEX. 
Page Page. 
Thuites (Cupressites?) kurrianus...+...--.-- 2910) Wintacninus.: . Ses. eere sess esse eee eeeeee 652, 653 
Sfinothhol oe geeno oyu asndenoocoseoe ape 291 | Utensils of wood and horn belonging to the 
PTAMINCUSe see see eee eee 301 Philip Abyssinian collection, descriptions 
Thyreopus (blepharipus) melanius. -......-- 565 Offs seasgassactingsscee ssa osee Ot eeee eee 270 
(Crossocerus) xanthognathus.. ... 566 | Vespertilio hardwickii..............-..-..-.- 134 
(Thyreopus) venator......---.--- 565 MUTICOA=. 3 Sex= aisec ee eee eee eee 134 
Mines bolivianas sos see ce ss=easeeecees-- eee 229 Vall pyTUste ss cease ee eeeee eee 127,128 
Ae eee odlandeenoceccne sso5 esaun Eos 551 | Vesperugo (Glischropus) tylopus..........-. 134 
NAM CAS See sasesi oahu wemerinnsca cole 5o2:||| Mesquiartourmaisiis.f:4--- esse ae sees eee 299 
Morini aurileranare sae. cacsceisiswemeericisce ci 227 | Viereck, H. L., Descriptions of one new genus 
PAaraladeee ee sceceesecsessems=== ier 228 and eight new species of ich- 
MoryMUs MONtSeLratl.« -occ-anana=—-—--==--- - 441 neumon-flies ...........-.- 475 
Moxophoroides see eee aan aieseaameeinestele= 196 Descriptions of six new genera 
Tragulus borneanus ...........-.-----0+---- 64 and thirty-one new species 
TOOK Cl atiae eects siete niememncte ec sis 69 of ichneumon-flies......... 173 
Canimatee ss dc sosiscscenineenciscecmcrs 67,68 | Virgilina district of North Carolina and Vir- 
PUilvACOlliSss= cheeses sebeiieeeemeriaeces 67 ginia, the relation of bornite and chalcocite 
NOSES eee tec oatee ee eae smaceneaces 66, 67 in the copper ores of the.................-- 513 
pica clill noe nace tet pee eta ee 67 | Virginia and North Carolina, The relation of: 
lon gipes se mmaae aaaaameeee er 66, 67 bornite and chalcocite in the cop- 
MA pW ses aeeeeses=eeince recess see 65 per ores of the Virgilina district of. 513 
OMeANUS 2-00 sae asees eee 64 gymnospermous plants from the Po- 
MNISHICANS eae ee ae eeeaaaaeteelelete ale = l= 65 tomac group in, a revision of sev- 
replelltisser see reeemesmsee seer 64, 65 eraligenera Of. bh. ass ooseen cere 289 
SODUCUSHE ce cnascbe seismic + nelasiesie=e 64) ‘Vitrinellaihelicoides:; 22> -5---9ss2-eeeeeeeee 288 
VITPICOIS. saace ecco asiseniea serch as 67,68-; Viverra? binturong:.-22222.. ee nccoeeneeeeee 115 
Treatise on theology, description of, in the hardwickil. 7: :.2c2. ceteesee seen 117 
Philip Abyssinian collection..........-.--- 272 tangalungas 22: 22 =. s2s5-peemeeee 115, 116 
Trematode, a new, description of.........-.- 233 | Wasps, descriptions of new species of.......-. 551 
Mrichiy sip utes sees eae eee eee meee 113 | Weed, Alfred C., and Barton A. Bean, An 
Mridesmusere rest ceresces see seer= 453, 455, 458, 471 electric ray and its young from the 
POLLOLICCNSIS sie we eee eine= see hee == 459 west coast of Florida.............-- 231 
SOC bli See sinen wlemeeiasaate eee laieie a 459, 461 Notes on the genus Lepomis......-..- 369 
MrifonisiMirequenSec tess see ses n\e =e lei = 327 | White, Charles Abiathar, Final supplement 
Trigoniulus.....2..0.-2e---- 2-00-22 -------- 150 to the catalogue of the publishedwritingsof. 197 
BIT OZOCOLae eae ee eiicteieieteteaie aieiealereieinteeteteretei=te 490: |) ®ilddringtonia: 25. 05.50.22 kee eee eee 301, 303 
LOSI ine o ctarcreisice ince icin seine 43897491, NViGGrINnetOMILOS»=sec-)eere-eeeiteel 289, 292, 294, 301 
NANG 5 4 oo oo a dogascoasanonsusucoonsensesans 650 brookense: 2. .222.<.sessecers 317 
Trochospongilla leidyi...............-.------ 594 dunkeris. :-/s32A.eeseeneeeee 293 
EDO PIG O DEACON area sine eeisln'= elelsiete = sislajeleeertte 184 gracilis: = ;.<25.cceeeeeeereee 292 
Tropiometra carinata......-...-------- 3, 5,8, 34, 36 haidingeri!-- . 352 esesseeeees 291 
GHCTINUS = anisseceeccese aces 9,14, 36 kurrianus 22 ssAsteee ener 291 
[OUOR eramacdassouggescec 3, 7, 12, 36, 40 TAMOSUS sce. eee 297, 301, 302, 303 
Fry OX WLOM = fais e= = <5 s1- (se ciclsiselesie semis tei e/ene 551 TOICHIL: «ie. oc ase eee 301, 303 
MM bbFaNOV Ss Saeiso one aqadap dab soped anc poseSesoese 298 subtilis. 2.05 ci asceeeseeeee 301 
UN aio sHey(ce raleahs B=) SS ea copodboode soe ec cose 122, 123 Un geri. 2 sceessoe ees eee 301 
GOTSANS See ser eee cee sseeieeeee ass 1215123: Wyalliamsonias 2! 2-59) cece eceeeeomeeneeees 290 
fermugines lONGIPeS. « cjeisieele seni - = 122 2 bibbinsis =<... sseeeee eee eee 313° 
gracilis swssae bes senseoetaeeeeese 122,123 | Woodpecker, hairy, a revision of the forms of 
Aniflatass oe ok ee eee een teak 122, 123 GOS es eisai eae srerniminie =e stele ete 595 
Lon eipeses cas tesa eee 122.198))) KENOS.. 22sec om 2 eee cee ne == Eee eee 497 
THOR ees tS Soe ee ee 123 Qunilericeess ce se cceces=sesee eee 498, 507 
SPEClOSAe sce sc acne eee ee seat ee eee 121 species.....---------+++-2222---e----- 490 
Splendidula= sees ee ee ee eee eee 122,123 | Kenotis..........-------------20-2e-ece-2000 373 
Turbonilla aspera..........----------- 383,384,405 | Xystroplites gillii......-.-..-.--------eeee- 373 
(Careliopsis) bermudensis....-.- 279, 287 longimanus....-..-----+-+------ 373 
styliformis.......... 979 | Zatropis dewterUS.-. =... 22. <c. -aeisemee ee ae 444 
(Strioturbonilla) haycocki.....- 280, 287 | Zele rosenbergi...-------------------+-++-0-- 478 
peileis se e-=- 280, 287 TOStACC ALON: sea = snaps etait 182, 478 
plnctaeeec roses 981 | Zootechny, descriptions of articles pertaining 
Turritella eschrichtii............--.-<-+-- 383, 387 to, in the Philip Abyssinian collection...... 274 
MVIODOlUISe see eters ece tn eels paler 162) | Boy plata rah Pes oe mses lace miaalaisialeteatatol=|elolel= iat 585 
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